Presentation from physics on the generation of electricity. Presentation on the topic "Virobnitstvo electrical energy"
slide 2
Unlimited ways of obtaining electricity
There are a lot of ways to extract electricity, among which you can get it without a hitch. The sale of specialty goods from the chocolate factory was called to the point that one British doctrine knows how to get energy from the inputs of chocolate manufacturing. The microbiologist praised the bacteria as caramel and nougat, and the stench split the zucor and vibrated the water, which succumbed to the pollen element. Viroblenu energy vystachalo for the work of a small electric fan. Another unimaginable way to use electricity has been propagated by London architects. The stench has been saying that it is possible to win as a new generation of electricity vibrations, which is blamed when walking on foot. Now it is planned to start vibrating in the direction of pedestrians, trains and ventures, what to pass, and turn them into energy for lighting the streets. At the same time, architects are working on the development of the promotion of new technologies, which allow them to choose vibrations and vigorize their energy with dignity
slide 3
American wine growers have learned to harness the energy of living trees. For the help of a metal rod embedded in a tree and buried in the ground, through a circuit that filters and increases the voltage, electricity is generated. Її as long as you are running, to charge the battery. Nadalі stink zbirayutsya to accumulate energy in the batteries, as vikoristovuvatimetsya if necessary.
slide 4
The generation of electricity was to be supplied by the pributkovy right. Particularly original and ideas about how to generate electricity in extraordinary ways. Today, more business centers are equipped with doors that wrap around. Professional designers Carmen Trudel and Jennifer Brouthir, who are collaborators of the American studio Fluxxlab, have created a truly miraculous design. Virobnitstvo that vikoristannya elektroenergії stench zdіysnyuyut for additional kinetic energy of people.
slide 5
Generation of electricity. Virobnitstvo and vikoristannya electricity
The generation of electricity is taken in this way. At the entrance to the business center, people wrap the doors, which they wrap around, like vibrating electricity. This idea is simple and does not require capital investment. Vyrobnitstvo that vykoristannya elektroenergії, in such a rank, istotno koshti kerіvnitstvа pіdpriєmstv, yakі owe buli buti vytrachenі to pay for elektroenergії. The generation of electricity can be developed in a variety of ways, which are the most acceptable and costly in practice. You can also promote your ideas on how to generate electricity to other businesses for the sake of the wine city.
slide 6
Non-violent source of energy
Non-standard dzherela elektroenergії - very relevant during the rest of the hour. In today's minds, a lot of experts are occupied with searching for new power supplies, and some of them foresee their own non-standard solutions. From this article, we have chosen for you the least unusual ways of obtaining electricity.
Slide 7
Chocolate factory entrances
Lynn McCaskey, a microbiologist from the British University of Birmingham, has found a way to convert bacteria into energy from chocolate. Lynn "went" the bacterium Escherichiacoli nougat and caramel, or rather, it was made from these two ingredients, which are taken from the inputs of the chocolate factory. Bacteria ci split the tsukor, and also vibrated the vir, which goes straight into the ashtray element, which vibrates the amount of electricity sufficient for a small fan.
Slide 8
Stichni vodi
The University of Pennsylvania has created its own power plant-toilet bowl, which vibrates the electrics for the distribution of organic inputs. Vykoristovuyutsya for ts_єї installation of bacteria, є є v zvichaynіy stіchnіy vіdі. Bacteria digest organic matter and see carbon dioxide. Vcheni knew a way to wedged into the process of transition of electrons between atoms, zmusivshi go electronizovnіshny lance.
Slide 9
Energy star
This way was created by Russian military nuclear scientists, like they broke up a battery, like a building to transform the energy of stars (zocrema and energy of the sun) into electricity. The presentation of this facility was recently submitted to the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research. This unique attachment does not have analogues in the world, but it can be practiced as a whole. Tsya rozrobka already showed a high efficiency in the dark and in the gloomy hour of dobi.
Slide 10
Povitrya
The Hitachi company has presented its new distribution, recognized for the acquisition of electricity from vibrations, which are naturally blamed on the floor. I don’t care about those that technology is still safe to do low voltage, it’s even more addictive to those that generators are recognized for working in any minds, for example, sony batteries.
slide 11
running water
The wines of Canadian scientists are called an electric battery, which, in fact, can be carried out by a primitive outbuilding from a glass vessel pierced by hundreds of thousands of microscopic channels. The attachment works like a simple heating battery, which can trigger the phenomenon of an electric field, which is created by a two-ball center. In the rest of the hour, a number of new ways of obtaining electricity, outbuildings, signs for these purposes, become greater. Prote zastosovuyutsya from them at the future less than one. .
slide 12
The generation of electricity The generation of electricity was to be harvested by the right hand side. Particularly original and ideas about how to generate electricity in extraordinary ways.
slide 13
Generation of electricity. Virobnitstvo and vikoristannya electricity. The generation of electricity is taken in this way. At the entrance to the business center, people wrap the doors, which they wrap around, like vibrating electricity. This idea is simple and does not require capital investment. The production of electricity, in such a rank, suttєvo ekonom, for the maintenance of enterprises, as if they were responsible for the payment of electricity.
Slide 14
The generation of electricity can be developed in a variety of ways, which are the most acceptable and costly in practice. You can also promote your ideas on how to generate electricity to other businesses for the sake of the wine city. Electricity, which lives in living houses, installations at factories, vibrates at power stations, most of them work on water or natural gas, vicorist fuel oil as a backup fuel. Active power plants operate on the basis of nuclear energy, or they use the energy of water, which is thrown from high rows. In Russia, in 2002, 65.6% of electricity was generated by thermal power plants, 18.4% and 16% of electricity fell on a part of hydroelectric power plants and nuclear power plants. In today's power plants, which work on the hot water, the heat, which is seen during the fire, is hot for heating the water in the boiler-steam generator. The steam, having settled down, goes through the pipes to the blades of the turbine and wraps around
slide 15
The turbine is driven by the generator, the wind vibrates the electric jet. Steam Generator The steam generator is a high boiler, in the middle of a pipe, like water coming out. At the power stations, which work on the vugill, the fire is fed to the steam generator by string conveyors. Vogillya podrіbnyuyut at dribny, like a boar, powder, zmіshuyut іz poіtryam i vdmuhuyut fans in the boiler, de vin burns. The heat you see heats the water in the boiler until it boils. A couple of spochatka are caught, and then we are again passed through the hot chambers of the boiler. So otrimuyut overheated steam. Turbine Superheated steam through pipes to reach three turbines at once. If the steam passes through them - a turbine of a high vice - it will again go into the steam generator, and it will heat up again.
slide 16
After which the wines pass through two other turbines, step by step giving them their energy. Let the steam turn into water in a condenser - a great reservoir, which is cooled by pipes that circulate cold water from nearby waterways. Cold water "takes" the heat that is lost from the bet, as it condenses and turns into hot water, the water turns into a steam generator, after which the cycle is repeated. Generator Turbines, which wrap around, give rise to generators, the main elements of which are two coils. One, as it is called a rotor, turns into a turbine. Insha - the stator - is wound on a cold core and fixed on a support. The cold core is permanently lightly magnetized, why, when the generator is started in the coil, it wraps around, a weak electric stream is established. A part of this struma is near a non-destructive cat, as if it is being transformed into a strong electromagnet. After that, the strength of the strum gradually grows, the docks reach the boundary tightness. see also energy resources, alternative energy, machine building
View all slides
slide 1
Physics lesson for class 11b with students of the regional component. Author: S.V. Gavrilova - lecturer in physics at MKOU ZOSh p. Volodymyr-Oleksandrivske 2012 r_k
Topic. Virobnitstvo, transmission and vikoristannya electrical energy
slide 2
Lesson type: a lesson on the development of new material from selected regional materials. The purpose of the lesson: the generation of electricity generation, starting from the process of generation. Task for the lesson: Lighting: to concretize the statements of schoolchildren about the transfer of electricity, about the mutual transition of one type of energy to another. Developing: further development of practical skills of a long-term nature, development of children's cognitive activity on the creative level of knowledge, development of analytical skills (with the development of development of various types of power plants on the territory of Primorsky Krai). Vikhovna: the implementation of that fixed concept of the "energy system" on the local material, the installation of a double setting to the window of electricity. Obladnannya before the lesson: physics assistant for class 11 G.Ya.Myakishev, B.B.Bukhovtsev, V.M.Charugin. Classic course M., "Osvita", 2009; slide presentation before the lesson; projector; screen.
slide 3
Which attachment is called a transformer? On what kind of phenomenon is the principle of the di transformer based? What is the primary winding of the transformer? Second? Give the definition of the transformation coefficient. How to designate the CCD of a transformer?
repetition
slide 4
How our planet would live How people would live on it Without heat, magnet, light and electric changes? O. Mitskevich
slide 6
Viperedzhalny development of electric power industry; increased tension of power plants; Centralization of generation of electricity; Wide choice of the city of fire and energy resources; Progressive transition of industry, the state of the country, transport of electricity.
GOELRO plan
Slide 7
Electrification of Vladivostok
In the fierce fate of 1912, near Vladivostok, the first electric power station of the scorching coriste was put into operation, which took the name VGES No. 1. The station became the ancestor of the "great" energy industry near the Primorsky Territory. The pressure became 1350 kW.
Slide 8
Until 20 March 1912, the station provided energy to 1,785 subscribers in Vladivostok and 1,200 street lights. From the moment the tram was launched on Zhovtnya 27, 1912. the station worked on revantations.
Slide 9
The expansion of Vladivostok, as well as the implementation of GOELRO plans, made it possible to expand the power station. In 1927-28 pp., And then in 1930-1932 pp. work was carried out on it to dismantle the old one and install the new one. We have carried out a major overhaul of our boilers and steam turbines, which guaranteed the uninterrupted operation of the station with an output energy of up to 2775 kW per year. In 1933 The station has completed its reconstruction and has reached an intensity of 11,000 kW.
Slide 10
- Why did the development of the electric power industry itself be placed in the first place at the development of the state? - Why is electricity superior to other types of energy? - How is the transmission of electricity going? – What is the energy system of our region?
slide 11
Transfer by drota to any settlement; It is easier to transform on whether you see energy; It is easier to take away other types of energy.
The advantage of electricity over other types of energy.
slide 12
See the energy transforming into electricity
slide 13
Wind (WEIGHT) Thermal (TES) Water (HPP) Atomic (AES) Geothermal Sonyachny
Fallow in the form of converted energy, power plants are:
Where is electricity generated?
Slide 14
slide 15
Vladivostok CHPP-1
Since 1959, the station began to work on thermal heating, for which it was carried out a low transition to a heating mode. In 1975, the generation of electricity at the VTEC-1 was pinned, the CHPP began to specialize exclusively in the generation of heat. Today, as before, at the ranks, successfully working, providing Vladivostok with warmth. In 2008, two mobile gas turbine units with a heat output of 45 MW were installed on the VTEC-1 Maidan.
At the everyday station
slide 16
Vladivostok CHPP-2
- the youngest station near the Primorsky Territory and the most powerful one near the structure of the Primorsky generation.
The magnitude of CHPP-2 was called for a short term. On April 22, 1970, the first units of the station were put into operation: a turbine and two boilers.
Currently, 14 boilers of the same type with a steam output of 210 tons/year of leather steam and 6 turbine units are in operation at Vladivostok CHPP-2. Vladivostok CHPP-2 is the main source of supply for the production of steam, heat and electric power for industrial production and the population of Vladivostok. The main type of fire for thermal power plants is vugillya.
Slide 17
Partizanska DRES
The Partisan State Regional Power Plant (DRES) is the main source of power supply in the central part of the Primorsky Territory. The life of the power plant in the immediate vicinity of the Suchansky coal district was planned for more than 1939–1940, but with the cob of the Great Vitchiznyanoi war, the work on the project began.
Starting from 01.02.2010, a turbine was supplied to Partizanskiy DRES
Slide 18
Artemivska CHPP
On the 6th leaf fall, 1936, a trial run of the first turbine of the new station was made. On this day, the power industry is honored by the day of the people of the Artemіvska State District Power Plant. Already on the 18th anniversary of the same fate, Artemivska DRES grew to the rhythm of the wild enterprises of Primor'ya. On the 6th leaf fall of 2012, Artemivska TPP celebrated its 76th birthday.
In 1984, the station was transferred to the category of combined heat and power plants.
Slide 19
Primorska DRES
On September 15, 1974, the launch of the 1st power unit of the largest thermal power plant of the Far Skhod - Primorskaya DRES. Putting it into operation has become the most important milestone in the socio-economic development of the region, which in the 60-70s saw a great shortage of electricity.
The launch of the 1st power unit, away from the future and the introduction of the solution of eight power units of Primorskaya DRES helped the United Energy System of the Far East to radically solve the problem of security of the growing consumption of electricity in the region. Today, the station generates half of the electricity that is located near the Primorsky Territory, it generates thermal energy for the village of Luchegorsk.
Slide 20
Transmission of electricity.
slide 21
The main contributors to electricity
Promyslovist (mayzhe 70%) Transport
slide 22
Transformer
attachment, which allows you to change the changing electric stream, in such a way that when the voltage is increased, the force of the stream will change and change.
slide 23
slide 24
The UES of the Far Descent includes the power systems of the following regions: Amur Region; Khabarovsk Territory and Jewish Autonomous Region; Primorsky region; Pivdenno-Yakutsky energy region of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). OES Immediately pratsyuє іsolovano vіd ЄES Rosії.
Slide 25
Generation of electricity in the regions of the Far East in 1980-1998 (billion kWh)
Region 1980 1985 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998
Far Skhid 30.000 38.100 47.349 48.090 44.2 41.4 38.658 36.600 35.907
Primorsky Krai 11.785 11.848 11.0 10.2 9.154 8.730 7.682
Khabarovsk Territory 9.678 10.125 9.7 9.4 7.974 7.566 7.642
Amur Region 4.415 7.059 7.783 7.528 7.0 7.0 7.074 6.798 6.100 5.600 5.200
Kamchatka region 1.223 1.526 1.864 1.954 1.9 1.8 1.576 1.600 1.504
Magadan Region 3.537 3.943 4.351 4.376 3.4 3.0 2.72 2.744 2.697
Sakhalin Region 2.595 3.009 3.41 3.505 2.8 2.7 2.712 2.390 2.410
Republic of Sakha 4.311 5.463 8.478 8.754 8.4 7.3 6.998 6.887 7.438
Chukotsky AT - - - - n.d. n.a. 0.450 0.447 0.434 0.341 0.350
slide 26
Power system of the far off
At the Distant Descent, generating tensions and transmission lines are connected to six energy systems. The biggest ones are Primorsky Krai (2692 thousand kW installed) and the Republic of Sakha (2036 thousand kW). Other power systems may have an intensity of less than 2 million kW. It is planned to continue the life of small HPPs in the Primorsky Territory in order to ensure the security of this economically efficient energy supply to importantly accessible areas near the Primorsky Territory.
Slide 27
Reverse yourself (reverse the robot)
Option 1 I. What is the source of energy at TPP? 1. Naphtha, coal, gas 2. Wind energy 3. Water energy II. Do you see the greatest amount of vibrated electricity at the edge of the people's statehood? 1. At industry 2. At transport 3. At the state of agriculture III. How to change the amount of heat seen by wires, how to increase the area of the cross section of the rod S? 1. Do not change 2. Change 3. Increase IV Which transformer should be placed on the line when leaving the power plant? 1. Lowering 2. Sliding 3. Transformer not needed V. Energy system - ce
Option 2 I. What is the source of energy at HPP? 1. Naphtha, coal, gas 2. Wind energy 3. Water energy II. Purpose transformer 1. To increase the term of service of wires 2. To convert energy 3. To change the amount of heat that is seen by wires III. Energy system - tse 1. Electrical system of power plants 2. Electrical system of the surrounding area 3. Electrical system of districts in the region, connected by high-voltage power lines IV. How to change the amount of heat that is seen by the wires, how to change the length of the wire? 1. Do not change 2. Change 3. Increase V. Which transformer should be placed on the line at the entrance to the place? 1. Lowering 2. Moving 3. Transformer not needed
Slide 28
How our planet would live How people would live on it Without heat, magnet, light and electric changes?
O. Mitskevich
Slide 29
Dyakuёmo for the work at the lesson!
D.Z. § 39-41 "Vykoristannya sleepy energy for heat supply near the Primorsky Territory." "About the dotsіlnіstvo vikoristannya wind energy in the Primorsky Territory". "New technologies in the light energy industry of the XXI century"
“VIROBNITSTVO I TRANSFER
ELECTRIC ENERGY”
Pupils 11 and class SBOU ZOSh No. 1465 Startsova Tetyani.
Lecturer: Kruglova Larisa Yuriivna1.
help power plants
a) AES
b) HES
c) CHP
2. Transmission of electricity, types of lines
power lines
a) Look up
b) Cable
Generation of electricity
Electricity is generated onpower plants. There are three main
type of power plants:
o Nuclear Power Plants (AES)
o Hydroelectric power plants (HPP)
o Thermal power plants, or
combined heat and power (CHP)
Nuclear power plants
Atomicpower plant (AES) -
nuclear facility for
energy production in
task modes and minds
zastosuvannya,
scattered between
appointed by the project
territory, for
zdіysnennya tsієї meti
nuclear
reactor (reactor) that
complex of necessary
systems, outbuildings,
possession of that dispute
necessary practitioners
Robotic principle
.
The little one shows a diagram of a robotic atomicpower plants with two-circuit water-water
power reactor. Energy seen in
active zone of the reactor, which is transferred to the coolant
first contour. Dali heat-carrying to come near
heat exchanger (steam generator), deheating up to
boil water for another circuit. Withdrawals with tsyumu
couple to come near the turbine,
overhead power generators. At the exit from the turbines
the steam is near the condenser, it cools down great
lead a kіlkіstyu, scho to come from the reservoir.
Vice compensator
I will fold that bulky structure to serve
for shaping the vise in the contour
an hour of work of the reactor, which is blamed for the thermal
expansion of heat transfer. Vice at the 1st circuit
can reach 160 atm (VVER-1000).
.
Crimea water, in other reactors yakheat transfer can stagnate and melt
metals: sodium, lead, eutectic alloy of lead
vismuth and in. Vikoristannya rare metal
heat transfer allows you to simplify the design
shells of the active zone of the reactor
water circuit, vice for rare metal
contours do not move atmospheric), please
vice compensator. Oversized number of contours
can be changed for different reactors, scheme on
a small one was introduced for reactors of the VVER type (Water Water Energy Reactor). Reactor type
RBMK (Great Intensity Reactor Channel type)
vikoristovu one water circuit, reactors on shvidki
neutrons - two sodium and one water circuit,
promising projects of reactor plants SVBR-100
and BREST allow a two-loop scheme, with important
heat transfer to the first circuit and water to the other.
Vibration of electricity
Light leaders in the nuclear industryelectricity є:
United States (836.63 billion kWh/rec), approximately 104 atomic
reactor (20% of the type of electricity that vibrates)
France (439.73 bln kW/yr),
Japan (263.83 bln kW/yr),
Russia (177.39 bln kWh/rіk),
Korea (142.94 bln kW/yr)
Nіmechchina (140.53 billion kWh/rіk).
The world has 436 power nuclear
reactors with hot heat 371.923 GW,
Russian company "TVEL" supplies fire
for 73 of them (17% of the light market)
Hydro power plants
Hydroelectric power station (HES) - power station,yak dzherelo vikoristuu energy
water flow. Hydroelectric power stations will sound
on the rivers, sporadzhuyu rowing and watersheds.
For efficient generation of electricity at HPPs
two main factors are required: guaranteed
water security
uhili rivers, spriyat hydrobud
canyon-like relief.
Robotic principle
.
Lanzyug hydrotechnical disputessecurity with the necessary pressure of water to come
on the blades of hydro turbines, what to bring to the
generators that generate electricity.
Necessary napir lead to settle for help
daily life of rowing, and as a result of concentration
rivers at the singing place, or derivation -
natural stream of water. Have some vipadkas for
taking away the necessary pressure, drive vicorist
at once I row, and derivation.
Without the middle at the very budіvlі hydroelectric power station
roztashovuєtsya all energy settings. AT
fallow in recognition, out of mine
songful podіl. At the engine room
hydroelectric units, which without interruption
energy struma lead to electrical energy.
.
Hydroelectric stationspodіlyayutsya in fallow
in the form of vibrational tension:
sweat - vibrate at 25 MW and more;
medium - up to 25 MW;
small hydroelectric power plants - up to 5 MW.
So the stench is stale
maximum pressure riser
drive:
vysokonapirnі - more than 60 m;
middle napirnі - vіd 25 m;
low pressure - from 3 to 25 m.
The largest HPS in the world
nameTension
GW
Medium
vibration
Vlasnik
Geography
Three Gorges
22,5
100 billion kW a year
nar. yangji,
m. Sandoupin, China
Itaipu
14
100 billion kW a year
nar. Caroni, Venezuela
Guri
10,3
40 billion kW a year
nar. Tocantins, Brazil
Churchill Falls
5,43
35 billion kW a year
nar. Churchill, Canada
Tukuru
8,3
21 billion kWh
nar. parana,
Brazil/Paraguay
Thermal power plants
Thermal power plant (or thermalelectric station) -
power plant that vibrates
electrical energy for the account
transformation of chemical
energy paliva into mechanical energy
wrapping around the shaft of the electric generator.
Robotic principle
Tipi
Boiler turbine power plantsCondensing power plants (CES, historically
took away the name DRES - sovereign district
power station)
Thermal power plants (thermal power plants)
power plants, thermal power plants)
Gas turbine power plants
Power plants based on combined cycle plants
Power plants based on piston
movers
Z zalennyam vіd stisnennya (diesel)
Z zalennyam vіd іskry
combined cycle
Electricity transmission
Transmission of electrical energy in the form of electricalstations
from electrical measures. Electric power state -
natural monopoly sector of the electric power industry:
spozhivach can vibirati, from whom kupuvati
electricity (to the energy butov company),
energy supply company can choose between
wholesale postal workers (purchasers
electricity), protemezha, which is supplied
electricity, as a rule, one, i spozhivach
technically it is not possible to select electrical
company. From a technical point of view, electric
merezha є sukupnistyu lines
power transmission (LEP) and transformers,
what to know at the substations.
.
Power transmission linesmetal conductor, like to pass
.
electric
strum. Practical in this hour
everywhere vikoristovuєtsya zminny strum.
Electricity supply in the most important area
vipadkiv - triphasic, to that line
power transmission, as a rule, consists of three phases,
dermal, which may include sprat
drotiv.
Power transmission lines are divided into 2 types:
PovіtryanіCable
Povіtryanі
Povіtryanі LEP suspended above the surface of the earth on a safe heightspecial spores, which are called supports. As a rule, provіd on
red line no surface insulation; insulation in areas
fastened to supports. On redundant lines there are systems for lightning protection.
The main advantage of covering power lines is є їх
known cheapness against cable. So much richer
maintainability (especially in por_vnyannі s without collector lines): not
it is necessary to carry out earthworks to replace the drone, no difficulty
a visual look will become a line. However, the repeating LEPs have a row
short-lived:
a wide smuga vіchuzhennya: on the outskirts of the LEP it is fenced in, be it
spore that plant a tree; when passing the line through the forest, the tree along
the usual width of the smuga is cut off;
innocence from the windy inflow, for example, falling trees on
line and wire stole; unapologetically on the outbuilding to the thunderstorm, check
the lines also suffer from the blows of the bliss. Through strife, on one
redundant lines often have two lancets: the main one and the reserve one;
aesthetic unpretentiousness; for one reason practical
ubiquitous transition to the cable method of electricity transmission to Moscow
between.
Cable
Cable lines (CL) are carried out under the ground. Electricalcables change the design, the prote can be
burning elements. Core cable є three
strumoprovidnі lived (per number of phases). Cables wobble
zovnishnyu, so i mіzhzhilnu іzolyatsіyu. Ring out yak
the insulator shows transformer oil in a rare appearance,
or oiling papirs. Strumoprovidna cable core,
As a rule, it is protected by steel armor. From the outer side
the cable is covered with bitumen. There are collectors
collectorless cable lines. At the first tip the cable
laid at the underground concrete channels - collectors.
Through singing promishes on the line enjoy
go to the surface at the sight of hatches - for clarity
penetration of repair teams at the collector.
Collectorless cable lines are being laid
without a hitch at the ground.
.
Collectorless lines are quite cheap for collectors atlife, prote їх exploitation is more costly for communication
inaccessible cable. Headline of cable lines
power transmission (paired with redundant lines)
smugi vіchuzhennya. For the mind to finish a deep pledge,
different spores (among those living) can be
directly above the collector line. At the time of the collectorless
the foundation of everyday life is possible at an uninterrupted proximity to the line.
The cable lines don't tell the Russian landscape with their eyes, the stench is rich
rather for repeated protection from the splendid inflow. Up to short
cable lines of power transmission can be seen high varity
everyday life and further exploitation: navіt at times without a collector
laying koshtorisna variability of a running meter of a cable line in a variety of ways,
lower variance of the line of the same voltage class. Cable
lines are less accessible for visual warning of my future (and in different
collectorless laying - vzagalі inaccessible), which is also
suttєvim exploitation shortfall.
slide 2
Electricity Electricity is a physical term, widely expanded in technology and in terms of the amount of electric energy, which is seen as a generator in the electric field, which is controlled by the medium. The main unit of vimiryuvannya viroblennya and spozhivannya electrical energy to serve as a kilowatt-year (and multiples of that unity). For a more accurate description, such parameters as voltage, frequency and number of phases (for a replacement jet), nominal and maximum electric jet are used. Electricity is also a commodity that participants in the wholesale market (energy supply companies and great wholesalers) buy from generating companies and supply of electric energy on the retail market in energy supply companies. The price of electricity is expressed in rubles and kopecks for a kilowatt-year (kop/kW-year, rub/kW-h) or in rubles for a thousand kilowatt-year (rub/thousand kW-year). The rest of the price will ring out vikoristovuetsya on the wholesale market. Dynamics of light generation of electricity behind the rocks
slide 3
Dynamics of light generation of electricity Рік bln kW * year 1890 - 9 1900 - 15 1914 - 37.5 1950 - 950 1960 - 2300 1970 - 5000 1980 - 8250 1990 - 10 2 0 17408.5
slide 4
In the era of industrialization, it is important how much electricity is generated in a commercial way at power plants. Part of the generation of electricity in Russia (2000 r) Part of the generation of electricity in the world Thermal power plants (TEC) 67%, 582.4 billion kWh Hydroelectric power plants (HPP) 19%; 164.4 billion kWh per year Nuclear power plants (AES) 15%; 128.9 billion kWh In the rest of the hour, due to environmental problems, a shortage of high-voltage fires and an uneven geographic distribution, there is a growing increase in the generation of electricity using the method of vitro-energy installations, solar batteries, small gas generators. Some powers, for example, in Germany, have adopted special programs that want to invest in the production of electricity by households.
slide 5
Electricity transmission scheme
slide 6
Electricity line - a collection of substations, separate outbuildings and power transmission lines that connect them, is recognized for the transmission of that distribution of electrical energy. Classification of electric tethers Electric tethers are classified for recognition (area of congestion), large-scale signs and for the genus Struma. Merezhі zagalnogo prichennya: elektropostachannya butovyh, promyslovyh, s_lskogopodarskih and transport spozhivachіv. Merezhі autonomous power supply: electric supply of mobile and autonomous objects (transport facilities, ships, planes, space vehicles, autonomous stations, robots, etc.) Contact line: a special line to serve as the transmission of electricity to which the transport facilities (locomotive, tram, trolley bus, metro) are collapsing.
Slide 7
The history of Russian, perhaps, light electric power engineering, took its first steps from 1891, if the famous teachings of Mikhailo Yosypovich Dolivo-Dobrovolsky created a practical transmission of electrical power of about 220 kW per 175 km. The resulting CCD of the power transmission line, which is 77.4% more expensive, appears to be sensationally high for such a folding multi-element design. Such a high KKD was far away to reach the victorious three-phase voltage, which was found by the scientist himself. In pre-revolutionary Russia, the exhaustion of all power plants became less than 1.1 million kW, and moreover, the generation of electricity increased by 1.9 billion kW * year. After the revolution, on the proposition of V.I. Lenina buv rozgornuty famous plan of electrification of Russia GOELRO. After transferring the units of 30 power plants with a total power of 1.5 million kW, which was sold until 1931, and until 1935 it was rebuilt again.
Slide 8
In 1940, the total power consumption of the Radyansk power plants became 10.7 million kW, and in the meantime, the generation of electricity exceeded 50 billion kWh per year, which exceeded the average indicators of 1913 by 25 times. After a break, after the Great Vitchiznyan war, the electrification of the SRSR was renewed, having reached in 1950 the level of the generation of 90 billion kW * year. In the 1950s of the 20th century, in the beginning of the 20th century, such power plants were launched, such as Tsimlyansk, Gyumusk, Verkhnyo-Svirsk, Mingechaursk and others. Until the mid-1960s, the Soviet Socialist Republic occupied another place in the world of electricity generation after the United States. Main technological processes in the electric power industry
Slide 9
Generation of electrical energy Generation of electrical energy is the transformation of various types of energy into electricity at industrial facilities, the titles of electrical stations. Ninі іsnuyut tіkі vidi genаciї: Teplova elektroenergetika. In this way, the electric energy is transformed into the thermal energy of burning organic fires. Before thermal power generation, there are thermal power plants (TES), which have two main types: Condensation (CES, also the old abbreviation DRES); Heat and power plants (thermal power plants, thermal power plants). Cogeneration is called combined generation of electrical and thermal energy at one and the same station;
Slide 10
The transmission of electrical energy from electrical stations to spozhivachiv zdijsnyuєtsya on electrical barriers. Електромережне господарство - природно-монопольний сектор електроенергетики: споживач може вибирати, у кого купувати електроенергію (тобто енергозбутову компанію), енергозбутова компанія може вибирати серед оптових постачальників (виробників електроенергії) , проте мережа, якою поставляється електроенергія, зазвичай, одна, і споживач технічно неспроможна choose an electrical company. Power transmission lines are a metal conductor, as a way to pass an electric jet. At the given hour, a change of strum is practically everywhere victorious. Electricity supply in the most important way - three-phase, therefore, the power transmission line, as a rule, consists of three phases, the skin of which can include a wire wire. Structurally, power transmission lines are divided into overhead and cable lines.
slide 11
Povіtryany LEP suspended above the surface of the earth on a safe height on special spores, as they are called supports. As a rule, there is no surface insulation on the red line; insulation is fixed to supports at the points. On redundant lines there are systems for lightning protection. The main advantage of the power transmission lines is the cheapness of the cable lines. Also, the repairability is better (especially in the case of parallel lines with collectorless CL): it is not necessary to carry out earthworks to replace the dart, the visual inspection will not be difficult for the lines.
slide 12
Cable lines (CL) are carried out under the ground. Electric cables change the design, but you can also show the lighting elements. The core cable had three strum conductors (for the number of phases). Cables can be made like sound, so they can be used as insulation. Sound like an insulator, transformer oil in a rare look, or oiling paper. Strumoprovidna cable core, as a rule, is protected by steel armor. On the outer side, the cable is covered with bitumen.
slide 13
Efficient use of electricity we live near the wide development of the industry. Without electricity, neither industry, nor transport, nor science installations, nor our present day will be able to function.
Slide 14
Satisfied with this drink can be done in two ways: I. Building of new hard power plants: thermal, hydraulic and atomic, but also at the same time and great vitrates. Also, the functioning of the system requires non-renewal of natural resources. II. Development of new methods and additions.
slide 15
Ale, not marveling at all the overexploitation of honey and vidobutka of electricity, we need to save and take care of everything, we will
View all slides
short summary of other presentations"Electromagnetic induction lesson" - Type of lesson - a lesson in the development of new material. The phenomenon of electromagnetic induction. Lenz's rule.
“Obviously indulgence” - Infrachervone indifference was announced in 1800 by the English astronomer W. Herschel. MKOU ZOSH p. Zorya. Zastosuvannya. Infrachervone viprominyuvannya viprominyuyut zbudzhenі atoms chi ioni. We see viprominyuvannya (light) is far from exhausting the possibility of seeing viprominyuvanya. From visible viprominyuvannyam judge infrachervone. Infrachervone viprominuvannya. Vikonal robot: teaching 11th grade Bikova Natalia.
"Interference of light winds" - Yaksnі zavdannya (stage V?). Do not change Increase change Change. Wash the coherence of the light waves (stage? V). Interference of light feathers (stage? V). Task 1. (Stage V). The first experiment with a warning of interference light in the laboratory minds to lie down. Newton. Can you predict the interference of the light from two on top of the error? What is the explanation for the region of thin oil smelting? Dosvid Jung.
"Virobnitstvo transfer that vikoristannya electricity" - U = Um sin (2? n t +? 0). 100%. 1.5%. A) idle mode; b) vanishing mode. Palivo. Transformers. Dia of the transformer is grounded on the objects of electromagnetic induction. Generator. Nuclear power plant. a. Wikoristannya electrical. Scheme of the cost of electricity by cost from the power plant to the end. Energy. Hydrostation. Transmission of electricity.
"Radiolocation from physics" - Weak signals are strong at the subsidiaries and go to the indicator. Hypothesis: Theoretical part. Width impulses are expanding in all directions. MOU "Gymnasium No. 1". physics. The radiolocation has a vicorous electromagnetic wave of low frequency. Systematize knowledge on the topic "Radiolocation". Relevance: "Radiolocation" 2008
"Svitlovi Khvili" - Polarization of light. Given: Know: -? -? Now I’ll change to have to pass through the atmosphere more and more paths. Light - transverse fluff. Why is the sky blue? A. 0.8 cm. Light diffraction. The appearance of a rectilinear widening of the quill, which is covered with quills, is called diffraction. A. 2.7*107m. H. 0.5*10-6m. A1. (A) P. boucardi beetle; (b)-(f) overcryled the beetle with varying enlargement. A. 600 nm, B. 800 nm.
