Most pardons are in the voice. Features of the Russian voice
Distributed: Russian language
Oh, the beauty of Russian pure language!
Oh, my bad language is dear,
Who does not know you -
Shpana, officials, linguistics.
Who is not lamav to bіdolahu,
Not vivertav, not tormenting:
“Relieve, start, back, accepting,
Right, speak, connect"
Well, it would be good to shakhrai, but a villain,
Il drunks and drug addicts,
Ale teacher, ale prosecutor,
Ale announcer from the TV screen!
Working and intelligent
Ridnu mov, like a mongrel, byut:
“Judgments that incident,
Good, spy, stun"
Well, okay, just a bureaucrat,
Ale journalist, ale deputy
Mova neschodavno done.
From the heart I want to turn around
Until all, who is the son of Russia
Hour not start, but start
Our mova is to cleanse the filth
Friends, follow yourself
If my Russian
Adje tse our language is right -
Save yoga for onukiv!
As we know, Russian language is one of the richest language created by people for its rich history. Doslidniki affirm that the yogo dictionary fund is stocked over 200,000 words. The vocabulary warehouse of such great people, like Pushkin, Lermontov, Tolstoy, according to the statement of the successors of their work, becomes close to 20,000 words. And the vocabulary of a great person with a great light in the middle is 2000 words. You don’t need to be a mathematician, to cheer up, that we win only a small piece of that iceberg that is called Russian mine. At the link with the cim, we blame the great rightful food: we’re here, vicorist, splintering with only an insignificant part of the dictionary fund, piece by piece we’re building our language, we’re voluntarily guided by the victoria of the rich and our movie?
Language is an invisible part of our culture. Sche Ozhegov wrote: “What is the culture of promoting?.. It’s right, how to express your thoughts in the language of language.
The correct one is called mine, in which the norms of the current movie are completed. Types of norms: lexical, orthoepical, accentological, morphological… we can skrіz we can poserіgati disruption of that vіdhilennya, however, at the same time, I would like to speak on the accentological norm, more commonly, the term characterizes the person, signifies the riven її illumination and vihovannosti.
The norms of baldness in modern Russian language are not easily acquired, which are explained by two specific rices: heterogeneity and fragility. Let's start from the first point. The voice is unshakable and free. So, in Czech language, the voice always falls on the first warehouse, in Polish - on the front, in French - on the rest. In Russian language, the voice may fall, be it a warehouse. The rottenness is explained by the fact that the Russian voice freely moves from one morpheme to Russian. For example: herbs A- Tr A in and. If you explain in a clear voice and get it right, then you can follow it in a new way and say so, as we want? What gives us the correct staging of the voice?
Let's try it out for food. The need is obvious. In a different way, it’s a different form of the word (grass - herbs), in a different way, species pari, in a third way, a different kind of lexical form, zokrema, different homonyms - homographs ( A tlas - atl A With)
It would seem that pardons in the voice of the authorities would be less than a thought, the protege is far from being the case. So, at the newspaper you can read “mova Pro viy bar'єr", ale mova Pro wim can buti pate, and bar'er is less mov S m.
Often we wonder: how to correctly remember those other words. Of course, a leather-like butt can be misinterpreted by a dictionary - and it’s impossible to get along like that. But all the same, the norm of the correct voice is clear, and it’s easier to follow it, lowering it to advanced literature. Be-yaké respite from the normi є movlennєvoy pardon.
Try to forgive the blame for the reasons, which caused the norm to be destroyed, and to work out the classification of pardons, which is clear.
1. Reasons for accentological pardons
- Ignorance to the voice of an inshomonic word (m І grains vіd fr. miz E p - miz E rniy)
- Through the trash knowledge of spelling (bron I bіlya tank, br Pro nya - the right to shos)
- Ignorance of the morphological belonging of the word (r A zvitiy - razviny І ty)
- The presence of the old text yo (the elimination of two dots over the letter led to the appearance of faceless pardons. Novor Pro coins, not new peoples E ny, w e specialties)
Russian language is a living organism that is constantly growing, changing, changing. In connection with this, there is a very natural fact that the old modern forms either step by step, or organically blend with the new ones. This explains the apparent variability of the Russian voice. Movі has the following options:
- Rivnopravnі (b A zhita - barge A, І skristii - іskor І sty).
- Variants of the norm, one of which is recognized as the main (creative Pro g - basic, tb Pro rig, culin A riya - cook І i prick At with (zagalnoupot.) - pr І cous (special)) - stylistic .
- Permissible-outdated (industry - industry, zіbravsya - zіbravsya, reserve - reserve) - normative-chronological .
- Semantic options– versatility to the voice victorious sensory-perceptive function: dotep A(leza) - gostry Pro ta (warm viraz), tr At city (to be afraid) - boyaguz І t (bіgti).
2. Types of accentological pardons
1. Often, when changing words, transfer the voice to the end of quiet words, as if to make an unruly voice on the basis of all forms. These are names, like: bl Yu before, g about hospital, gr at nt, dos at g, zb A n, quart A l, cl A d, sv A t, wed e dstvo, t about rt, shof e r, shr і ft and in.
Father, we may remember: come sv A ty, damn for t about mouths, rich shof e ri, problem gr at ntov, all wed e dstva etc.
2. Pardons are allowed even in names, for some unruly voices at the end (if only in im. p. - zero end, then the voice of this form falls on the basis): graph, wand, oblyamіvka, scybka, raven, sickle, mova, gnіt ta іn.
Father: compote from rhubarb I, wave the wand about m, no discounts I bread…
3. The largest number of pardons among prikmetniks is tied with a short form and a equal step.
It is necessary to remember `yatati:
–
If the voice in the short form of the female gender falls on the end, then in the short forms of the middle gender of the human voice on the basis and sound out of voice in the upper form: b e liy - white A, b e l, b e lo (ale navkolo bіlim-bіl about); I dream - understood A,
I sen, I clear.
–
In most forms, multiples are afraid of ringing in the production of a voice: b e whether - white s, bl e days - bright s, bl і zki - close і, n і zki - low і, P I nі - p'yany s, P at sti - empty s, I dream - understood s, etc about sti(Old.) - Simple s
.
- Ale tilki easy і, etc A in and.
- While in the short form of the female gender it falls on the end, then in the equal form - on the suffix: dovg A- Dovg e e, you can see A- View e e. Full A- Povny e e.
- If in the short form of a woman's family the voice falls on the basis, then the voice is equally divided on the basis: Liv about wa - liv about ve, beautiful і wa - beautiful і ve, lion і wa - lion і ve, kaz і wa - saying і in її.
4. Often the statement is incorrectly voiced on the basis of the word, and not on yoga completed in the words of the past hour of one woman's family: vz I la deputy taking A, cn A la deputy sleeping A etc.
It is necessary to remember `yatati:
– There are close to 280 such discourses (not similar and similar ones): brothers (brothers, vidbrati, tidy up, tidy up ...), buti, take, viti, brehati, persecute, rot, give, fight, check, live, click, curse, lie, cast, drink, weave, spin, tear, glorify, weave.
- Only prefix in and-
“Pull” the voice on yourself: gnav A, having driven A,
ale V s drove.
- In these words of the past hour, one person of that middle kind and a plurality of voices zbіgaєtsya with a voice in the form of the ear: sv A t - sound A l, sv A lo, zv A chi. Ale afix -Xia
change the voice in the dialects of the multiplier and the other in the dialects of the middle kind alone: taking away about sya, taking і s; filling about sitting, pouring і s.
- Deyakі diєslova, even similar to the listing of the other, also one warehouse, do not enter to the next row: beaty - b і la, goliti - br і la, squeeze - well A la, know - zn A la, anger - evil і la.
5. A lot of passive dieprikmetniki in the past hour, adopted in the form of diasliv on - nuti, -at, -yat, sing your voice in the first warehouse: pіdn I t - p about days, sign at t - h about bending, rel I t - about withdrawals.
3. Accentological minimum
Gas pipeline, apocrypha, dozvіllya, call, flint, klopotannya, rebate, call, flyleaf, catalogue, flounder, obituary, premium, legitimization, vorospovidannya, life security, phenomenon.
Considering all the artefacts, I would like to say it again, that the language is an invisible part of our culture, it’s not a trace to forget, but the food about the purity of the language is not just a problem. To raise the quality of your own language, you need to raise the quality of your heart, your intellect. It is not enough to achieve that people did not say "Vibir A“or “to be like”, you need to achieve that, so that the person would be trembling and stunned to feel like her native language, appreciate her beauty and sweetness. At the link with zim, verbally bring the words of the great classic Turgenev: “In the day of sumniviv, in the day of hard thinking about the share of my fatherland, - one less support and support, about the great, mighty, truthful and free Russian language. If it were not for you, how can you not fall at the vіdchay, after drinking everything that comes home? But it’s impossible to believe, so that such a language would not be given to a great people!
Among the other norms of the Russian language, which is often called difficult, you can call it that.
1. Vimov's borrower, like the worst kind.
Literary norm є vimov [to]. Vimova [h o] is respected by the dialect and open; [h that] - is typical for the promotion of Petersburgers, but it also goes up to the post-literary ones. Also, there are more similar types of borrower - shoo, shoo, shob.
Vinyatok skladє nevyznachene place-maєtok with the prefix not-, To sound like [h], - hos.
2. Vimova poednannya -ch- in the middle of the word.
More words from these phrases sound like this, like it is written (zgіdnim [h]): final, competent.
Prote at the bottom slіv vymovlyaєtsya [sh] at home h. This is the name of the old Moscow vimova. It was wider in the 19th century and in the first half of the 20th century. And at once, among the promoters of native Muscovites, you can remember to bring the tradition to the end of the day, ch yak [shn] (for example, often say: significant[w] per group). Ale taka vimov not є normative, wanting and not є such a rude pardon, like vimov [h] for a borrower what.
Ninі kіlkіst sіv, yakіh zberіgaєє vimov [sh] іn the literary movі, stremko fast. Vono zalishaetsya obov'azkovym in the words:
kіnets [w] ale, purposely [w] ale, nud [w] ale, nud [w] ny, nud [w] innovations, drybnitsky, laundry, eyeglass case, eye w] ny, shpakivnya [w] nik, shpakivnya [sh] ] nitsya, shpakivnya [w] ny, egg [w] nitsya, girl [w] nik.
In a number of words of Vimov [w] є the main literary variant, and Vimov [h] is permissible:
bakery, dvієchnik, triєchnik.
Options s [w] that [h] equal in words:
copy, in order.
Name rest, at the clerk brown the main variant of vimov is variant s [year] , then yak vimov [w] is acceptable, but roztinyuetsya as outdated. Those same can be said about the words kalachnik, kalachnik. Basically [w] is used by orders: with a cloth reel at the kalach [sh] row.
3. False omission of sounds in a few words. Dosit frequency in the space there is an inaccurate omission of voice and voice sounds, which are sometimes heard together.
Return respect on vimova sliv, from whom to hear regularly, unfairly, visions of voices are used: combination of zones, drotu, ups and downs, hiring, ish ac, nickname.
In the space to dosit often zustrіchaєtsya Vimov's names bulletin n, brelo up, val t in indirect voices without voices [o] and [e]. The richness of Russian words is characterized by the lack of voice in indirect voices ( day - day, hammer - hammer). Ale tsі іmenniki іnshomovnі і tsіy regularities don't follow. Need to be seen:
no bulletin, medical bulletins; two trinkets, garni trinkets, no valet, throw off the valet.
Return respect also on vim’s words, in those who speak, often unfairly, the sights of the voices fall, the voices of that sound are heard: apop lexical, spending an hour, in a boil, if, compost, troll beads, ankle, corkscrew that in.
As it was meant to be, in a roman language (with an inconsistent, non-oratorical type of speech) it is allowed to “forge” a few sounds, but in an official situation, in an oratorical type of language it is unacceptable.
4. The insertion of voice and voice sounds in words is not true.
Not less often among the common people, the insertion of voice and voice sounds is untrue.
Zayviy vygolosnyy n can be moved between seen letters in the words:
unprecedented, incident, gelatin, ascertain, compromising, pid jak;
zayvy prigolosnyy l - mizh seen by the letters of the word blessing;
I will vote - in words:
unstriking, future, omniscient, ruble, crane, harvest.
To finish a lot of pardoning inserts of vocal voices posterizes in backward, old-Slovak and bookish words:
gentleman(wrong - dzhente lmen), perspective(wrong - perspective).
Dosit often doshka, cf am, zgіdnogo d at the word nr av. In the space, the insertion of the voice-like to the prikmetnik is widened, it is not true donkey evil(covered with mucus).
The reason for the untrue insertion of a voiced, vociferous one may have misunderstood the etymology (spoofing) of the word chi importantly vimovi poednannya sounds. For example, for a Russian movie, an uncharacteristic great sound of voices can lead to a pardon insertion of a voice sound. On the other hand, it is uncharacteristic for a Russian language to speak in such a way, so that the number of vocal sounds is played out. For this reason, in space, in backward words between two voices, a voiced sound can be inserted.
SR: rave about Deputy Literary - radio.
In some cases, the insertion of the sound is not true due to the incorrectly understood word structure of the word, to the incorrect approximation of this word to other words that are close to the meanings.
For example, name grapefruit often vimovlyayyat іz zayvim prigolosim to the final warehouse, incorrectly approaching yogo to generic understanding fruit. For similar reasons, there is a pardon for the insertion of a voiced b in the dialect laugh(wrong - about laughing), os wonder(wrong - about looking): in my opinion, the prefix pomilkovo was introduced close to the meaning of the prefix pro-. For these reasons, in the commonplace, there are often zayvy vociferous words pos swear(wrong - pіd kovznutis). Timi for reasons of the viklikan pomilkov vimova deputy of the name bottle form - glass bottle.
I would like to say insolently that it is wrong for Vimova to base on the wrong logical word structure of the word. Nevipadkovo tse mozhe otrimati svіy vodbitok і sheets. In these words, often give spelling pardons.
5. The replacement of one sound with another is not true.
Tse ring out in retrospective, bookish and old-fashioned words, the etymology of which is unknown to the speaker and appears pardoningly with some other Russian word. Tsim, for example, Viklikana Vimov [and] deputy [i] from the Greek for the words high quality. One day to the prikmetnik high there is nothing. R_znimi for the meanings є іmenniki: bіd vіn for milkі bet wine for everyday life. The same reasons called out the wrong way to such backward words, like plec seaglas(in space - weave a golok), renegade(invalid plural - renegade).
Sometimes the replacement of that permutation of sounds can be viklikana by associations, as if to say they are not supposed to be “decent”.
SR: pardon vimov's words stupid hose yak dru hose.
For the most part, it is spacious to replace one sound with another one, but it can be viklikana with the help of a sound.
For example, even often in the language of unlit people it is allowed to change the sound [m] to [n] with a special sound: tram wai, compliment, am bar, їm bir, plom buvati, catfish brero, catfish bula. Vimova tran wai or con pliment not only unacceptable, but also to testify about the low culture of the one who speaks. Possibly and zvorotna zamіna. So, the frequency is vimov's pardon. fork to whom Deputy Regulatory - fork burner.
Dosit often at movі posterіgaєtsya pomіlková zamina hard vociferous to soft (for example, vimova kliz ma Deputy Regulatory - kliz ma), and navpaki, replacing a soft voice with a hard one (for example, replacing normative ones - urgent, exhaustion, sleepiness- vimova - dry, sweating, sleepiness).
So, before the category of spaciousness, vim's introductory word is added to mean(So, it was so necessary) Deputy Regulatory - to mean.
saver of red writing
pamper, pamper, pamper
bartender
cask
water pipeline, gas pipeline, smіtєprovіd, naftoprovіd, ale: electric wire
contract (and contracts)
blinds
enviably
catalog
quarter
prettier
cooking and cooking ( offensive options equal)
marketing
maisteren
extensions
new peoples
security
feel better
throw out
Loop (loop - Dorechno in everyday movement)
phone, call, call
pullover
beetroot
dancer, dancer
sir i tvir ( offensive options equal)
tiramisu
Torti
immediately
shoe
phenomenon
scoop
What is written in pen...
The accessibility of the rules of those lists is for those who do not stink in their heads: after reading - forgetting. There are a few ways to lose the basic information in memory, in our mind - words from the correct voices.
#I'll sing right now. It’s more convenient for you to speak aloud, loudly, clearly, a few times (you can sing) and ... with certificates. Let your friends or colleagues support you and come to your shock flash mob with their problematic words (“Venice is more beautiful than Paris, more beautiful, more beautiful, more beautiful than Paris”, “call me, call me”, “my lad bartender, bartender, bartender, bartender. Such є our psychology: those who are not alone are better remembered.
#wonderful moment. Tim, who has a guilty mind, it’s easier to get it to the right memory, whether it’s information of association and image, connected with it. Axis, for example, Korisny ovoch beet, and sells yogo rum'yana grandmother Fekla. And the expert in marketing knows everything about those, how to trim the brand!
#graphomania. Remember, like at school, speaking foreign language, we put together dialogues and explanations with new words, picked up rhymes before them, and guessed comedy verses? The principle is practical and for the great and powerful, it is necessary to give free rein to fantasy! A lot of preparing cheat sheets walking on the Internet, take note: “For a long time if you had cakes - you didn’t get shorts”, “Don’t bring curtains for us, we need blinds”, “FenOmen call on Wednesdays, having accepted an agreement on rock”, “Dzvіn u dzvіnok, so that you remember it right now!”.
І, obviously, always read dictionaries and dovіdniki: spelling, orthoepіchny lexicon (in the translation of the old Greek “orthoepie” means the correct vimova”), a dictionary of voices. Don’t tell and online resources: Gramota.ru portals (look at the “Zapam’yatki” section for general language) and gramma.ru, Yandex.Slovniki, orfogrammka.ru, the ubiquitous Internet. Let's talk loud!
Pardons, pov'yazanі z unknowing voice, authoritative tіy movі, z zakoї zapozitna word: minuscule - minuscule, blinds, gala concert(French); bartender(From English).
Pardons, connected with the daytime in other texts, specks over the letter e, as if they are constantly moving in a voice: zhovch(start talking zhovch), new peoples(ex. neonadzheniya), deliveries(unspecified deliveries) and in.
Poor knowledge of spelling: booking- a rude pardon, to that who can buti armor, and the voice armor(more important than the right to take away something) that armor(zahisne pokrittya) - vikonu sensory perception function ( armor on tickets - tank armor). Poor knowledge of morphology: toast- The name of a person's family and in many may voice in the rest of the warehouse - toast(correct: mishok - bears, chobit - chobots, khustka - khustki and etc.).
Low rіven volodinnya my, uncritical setting to my own language.
"Orthoepichny dictionary of Russian"- A special dictionary, which fixes the normative voice in words, vim words, their forms, and also, for the help of special normative last, shows the options and minds of their living. (The system of normative lasts is the same for evaluating visual, accentological and morphological options.)
Regulatory system
In between norms:
Equivalent options to join the union і: bargeі barge, one-hourі one-hour, muscularі filthy tunnelі tunnel, meatballsі meatballs.
Options, one of the main ones (more important):
a) last dod.(admissible): birch bark dod. birch bark, sire i additional. sir, cheap i dod. cheap (another option is rozmovny);
b) last dod. outdated. (admissible old): angle i dod. obsolete angle, hypocrisy dod. outdated. bigotry, industry dod. obsolete industry. The last one indicates that the other option is step by step, but before that, the main one.
Beyond the literary norm(For the selection of these options, the following fences are used):
not right.(wrong): kitchen! wrong. kitchen, healthy! wrong. zdobich, zoseredzhennya! wrong. zoseredzhennya plum! wrong. plum, pay! not right. pay, borrow! wrong. borrow; alcohol! wrong. alcohol;
grossly wrong. (gross wrong) : document! grossly wrong. document, engineers! grossly wrong. engineer, klopotannya! grossly wrong. murmuring;
options, a specific voice in some of them is traditionally accepted only in the higher education medium: ammonia / at professions. movie amiaku, chauffeur / at professions. movie driver, compass / sailors compass, epilepsy / at physicians epilepsy, judgments / at lawyers judgments.
All options, which are the posture of the literary norm, are evaluated as pardons.
The voice is truly the soul of the word. Take away the voice from the word, and you won’t. Put the wrong voice - the whole word collapses ”(N.A. Fedyanina).
Spelling(type of walnut orthó s- correct i graphō - I write) - a system of rules for writing words. "Spelling" literally means "spelling", that is. more correctly, according to the norms of the sheet, but the meaning of the word "spelling" is wider: it includes punctuation.
Divided spellings- Groups of spelling rules related to different types of difficulties in the transfer of words on the sheet. Russian orthography is composed of 5 divisions: 1) transfer of letters into the phonemic warehouse of words; 2) angry, razdіlnі and defіsnі (napіvzlitnі) writing words of those parts; 3) the introduction of capital and small letters; 4) transfer of parts of the word from one row to the next; 5) graphic fastness.
Graphic shorthand- Short words - vikoristovuyutsya to save time and hour at the sheet. Shorthand letters of 2 types: 1) non-graphic shorthand (abbreviations), 2) graphic, authoritative only written language (p. - storinka, zd - plant, p / l - pioneer tabir).
Oh, the beauty of Russian pure language!
Oh, my bad language is dear,
Who does not know you -
Shpana, officials, linguistics.
Who is not lamav to bіdolahu,
Not vivertav, not tormenting:
“Relieve, start, back, accepting,
Right, speak, connect"
Well, it would be good to shakhrai, but a villain,
Il drunks and drug addicts,
Ale teacher, ale prosecutor,
Ale announcer from the TV screen!
Working and intelligent
Ridnu mov, like a mongrel, byut:
“Judgments that incident,
Good, spy, stun"
Well, okay, just a bureaucrat,
Ale journalist, ale deputy
Mova neschodavno done.
From the heart I want to turn around
Until all, who is the son of Russia
Hour not start, but start
Our mova is to cleanse the filth
Friends, follow yourself
If my Russian
Adje tse our language is right -
Save yoga for onukiv!
As we know, Russian language is one of the richest language created by people for its rich history. Doslidniki affirm that the yogo dictionary fund is stocked over 200,000 words. The vocabulary warehouse of such great people, like Pushkin, Lermontov, Tolstoy, according to the statement of the successors of their work, becomes close to 20,000 words. And the vocabulary of a great person with a great light in the middle is 2000 words. You don’t need to be a mathematician, to cheer up, that we win only a small piece of that iceberg that is called Russian mine. At the link with the cim, we blame the great rightful food: we’re here, vicorist, splintering with only an insignificant part of the dictionary fund, piece by piece we’re building our language, we’re voluntarily guided by the victoria of the rich and our movie?
Normie in voice- One of the biggest problems of the Russian language. The stench of numbers is not easy to conquer. The voice is conquered at once from the word: you need to remember it. It is often simpler and smarter to remember the wrong voice, which is easier to put down. For whom the polyga is the head of a literate person - to master the norms of baldness and correctly zastosovuvat їx in practice. The Russian voicing is revealed by the greater number of other options, the lower voicing in other languages (for example, in the French movable voice, the voice is always falling on the rest of the warehouse). Norm- Odnomanіtne, zrazkove, zagaloviznane vzhivanya elementіv mov. The norm of obov'yazkova is like a dream, so a letter promo. The norms are divided: orthoepical (vimova), spelling (spelling), word-forming, lexical, morphological and syntactic. Modern norms- a historical phenomenon. Changes in literary norms are shaped by the recent development of the movie. Those that were the norm of the past century and navit 15-20 years ago, today can become reanimated in it. Dzherela change the norms of literary language: rozmovna mova; mіstsevі govіrki; space. professional jargon; other movies. Change the norms before the appearance of their options
The problems of the conquered Russian voice are connected with two peculiarities: heterogeneity and fragility.
Variety- tse zdatnіst vociferously fall on any warehouse of the Russian word: on the first - iconography, on the other - an expert, on the third - blinds, on the fourth - apartments. In rich movahs, the voice of the world is attached to the singing mov.
Roughness- the power of the voice to move from one warehouse to another when changing (vіdminuvannі or vіdminuvannі) one and the same word: water - water, go - go. The majority of Russian words (about 96%) may have a shaky voice.
