History of the 19th century 4. History of the XIX century
Lesson on the topic: "History of the XIX century"
Tsіlі:
Learn about the reforms of Alexander II.
To form a statement about technical winemaking in the 19th century, to develop interest in history.
Vihovuvat patriotism, povagu up to history
Ownership:
cards with the names of famous people,
computer,
projector,
slide program.
a stroke of the hour,
portrait of Alexander II,
lesson type: acquisition of new knowledge
Hid lesson
I. Organizational moment.
II. Repetition of twisted material. Povodomlennya those lesson.
Before us is the book “History of Russia. 19th century". ( Addendum 1(Slide 1))
Last lesson, you already knew about one important step on the cob of this century.
Would you like to re-gorge the sides of this book? Why do you want to robiti?
In the 19th century, there were a lot of different influences in the political and cultural life of the country. You will get to know them from the senior classes.
Today, having burnt out more than a dozen sides of this book, you know:
about the new king;
about low yoga reforms;
about the deacons of winemaking in the 19th century.
Do you know about it?
Todi try to be smarter
Zavdannya vikonuvat everything.
You have a card on the tables. ( Addendum 2)
Read what is written. (Catherine II, Mikhailo Ilarionovich Kutuzov, Peter I, Ivan III, A.V. Suvorov, Ivan the Terrible).
What is written? (names of famous people)
On which two groups can you divide the names? (The rulers of our country and commanders).
What do Suvorov and Kutuzov have in common? (Suvorov - generalsimo - Nayvische military rank in the Russian army. Died 1800 p.Kutuzov - Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Army).
fought with the French troops.
Kutuzov will learn Suvorov.
they have one share. The tsars saw them out of the army, if they were at war, and they called out again, if Russia was threatened with insecurity.
Yaka nebezpeka threatened Russia in 1812? (The French army invaded to “crush” Russia).
M.Yu. Lermontov's rows:
No wonder all Russia remembersRecording on the dosh
About the day of Borodin!
How do you know why all of Russia remembers this day? (Spend up to 50 thousand for your stingy slaughter).
(Napoleon wrote: “From my last battles, those are the best, as I gave under Moscow. The French showed themselves in this day they will win, and the Russians won (better, took away) the right to be invincible. ”
Tell me about the Battle of Borodino, victorious scheme.
Battle of Borodino.
On September 22, 1812, the Russian army flared up in the wake of the river Kolochі bіla of the village of Borodino, about 110 km from Moscow. The Russian army had about 120 thousand. person, more close to 30 thousand. people's militias, yakі vikoristovuvalis for budіvnitstva strengthened і like sanitary workers і ponad 600 znaryad. Napoleon had close to 135 thousand. Person and troch less than 600 garmat.
On the whole day, the parties prepared for the battle.
Bey appeared on the 26 sickle about the 5th year of the 30th wound. A dekilka of attacks was carried out at great expense for the French. But all the same, the enemies decide to take over the village of Borodino. The most important moment of the battle was the defense of Kurgan height. Її zahisnikіv ocholyuvav General N.M. Raivsky.
For a long time, 400 French garmats fired at the height. 45 thousand French against 18 ths. Russians. All the same, after the baked attacks of the enemy, they took a high position in the distance. Russian soldiers entered the village of Semenivske and continued to strengthen the defense.
I Russians, and the French recognized great expenses. Since then, the French soldiers have moved into a huge position. The Russians lost their homes, not trying to re-occupy the spent fortifications.
Following the order of Kutuzov, the Russian army marched to Moscow.
Kutuzov: “With the waste of Moscow, Russia has not been spent yet ...”.
III. Vyvchennya new material.
1. - And at the same time, a check is sent to us: "The dispatch was not sent." ( Dispatch- Letters of information).
On the card, which you open, letters of reminder. Find out who will immediately correct yoga.
| Catherine II | A.V. Suvorov | |
| Peter I | Ivan the Terrible | "Sea ships booty!". |
| M.I. Kutuzov | Ivan III |
Revising. Flip cards. If you see a portrait, then the head of the vikonan is correct. ( Addendum 1(Slide 3))
Whose portrait of the viishovs? (Portrait on the board) (Addendum 4)
Tsikavoy to post Oleksandr II. If you are a child, yogo father, Emperor Mykola I ( Addendum 1(Slide 4)), urging the famous poet Vasily Andriyovich Zhukovsky to become the promoter of a small recession. Before us, reach out to us, as if trying to pinch, he sings to his vikhovance: “Love your people: without the love of the king for the people, there is no love for the king.” Alexander II ascended the Russian throne in 1855 for 36 years. (1855-1881)
Vіn rich їzdiv Russia and odnієyu z tsarskoї sіm'ї having visited Siberia. In the eyes of rich wines, we are kind and fair.
2. - This rebus will help you to recognize, as they called Tsar Alexander II. ( Addendum 1(Slide 6.7))
Whom and what do you win?
You will be helped by the key word from the crossword puzzle, which the boys guessed.
A word to the interpreter: how they ran into the zavdannya.
What is the key word used? (Village).
How was the life of the villagers?
What do you think, the tsar slayed the villagers? (Type of security).
What is such a kripatstvo? How was the life of the villagers for that hour? (Fortechne right is such a law, as if the majority of Russian peasants could not deprive their landlords).
How do you know why it was necessary to tell the kripatstvo?
A) Ganebny and petty order.
B) By stretching the bags to make a strong right, the development was like a galm. The main mass of the population was the villagers.
C) Oleksandr II, on 30 February 1856, addressed the Moscow nobility with a promo: “Better say hello to the beast, lower the checks at that hour, as if by itself, it’s more likely to say from below.”
For such a statement, all were submitted. Most of the villagers survived from bread for kvass.
On doshtsi z'yavlyaєєєєє:
Reforms - skasuvannya krіposnogo right
Oleksandra II
(Portrait)
IV. Physical culture.
Look at the line “Historical Podії”. (On the board).
On the line of the hour, fates are written, if there were famous pods in our country.
What are all the fates recorded on the lines, do you know? (Ni. 1861 p).
And reshta rokiv? (So).
Let's conduct a group: "Zistav podії z date." (Children get up) You will need a little one, or a photograph to guess what it is and wonder, for which date the date is written. (Children win zavdannya styles of times, skils indicate the number)
(Addendum 1(Slide 9-13).
Development of St. Petersburg. 1703 (4) - Right hand in the mountains, rivki hands
Christening of Rus'. 988 r. (1) – hands to the sides, bavovna above the head
Lloyd's massacre. 1242 p. (2) - haircuts
Battle of Borodino. 1812 r. (5) - got sick
Battle of Kulikovo. 1380 (-) - Presidency
Z kakoyu povієyu pov'yazaniya 1480? (Fall of the Orda yoke. Battle on the river Ugri. Akhmat).
V. Development of the new.
1) - What happened to the fate of 1861? ( Addendum 1(Slide 14).
Read the article "Tsar-Vizvolnik" on the side. 122 and you will know the answer to the question. (Signed manifesto- Letters of the Supreme Rule to the people. Manifesto on February 19, 1861, granting freedom to the villagers).
Russia stopped trading people. “All you are, but now the axis, speak of God, and become your own,” the peasants said among themselves.
2) – In the name of Oleksandr II, a lot of changes were made in the life of the country. They were and were developing place, quickly began to grow the population of the city.
What was the main reason for the growth of the Russian population?
(The villagers move to the places near the villages for the shortest part, or they rely on the locality for timchas work).
W'were backwaters:
Mechanical (Supplement 1 (Slide 15))
machine-building
metalworking
cursing
cement (Additional 1 (Slide 16 - plant and plumbing shop)).
textile manufactories (beautiful fabrics)
factories (confectionery, cloth) ( Addendum 1(Slide 16) .
Oleksandr II gave great respect to the enlightenment. created new initial mortgage . Schools were created (The term was introduced without changing 3 years), high school. One of the primary schools for Oleksandr II viniklo over 20 thousand. (gymnasium).
Viniklo over 700 names of newspapers and magazines.
Were created zemstvos – musical choice organs.
- ship processes were conducted with lawyers and jurors.
I've been new saloons . (Addendum 1(Slide 17 - Budіvnitstvo z / d)).
(The 1st passenger hall opened in 1837 between St. Petersburg and Tsarskoye Selo).
There was a Trans-Siberian Highway - the Great Siberian Way. ( Addendum 1(Slide 18 - Mist through the Yenisei).
Find the Trans-Siberian Railway on the map. Through yakі mista won't pass?
Why is railway life of little importance?
The life of the Trans-Siberian Highway made it possible to connect the center of the country with Siberia and the Far Descent.
- The development of new lands allowed the resettlement of villagers from the center of Russia.
Railroads have become the most important mode of transport. Shvidki transportation hastened the development of rich galluses of the state.
- Zavdyaki Trans-Siberian highway sharply increased the defense of far-reaching borders.
(Addendum 1(Slide 19 - locomotives, wagons)).
What other technical innovations appeared in the 19th century? Read the article on side 124-125. (Electric lighting, telephone, air curtain - KONKA, trams, the 1st passenger car (1899), the 1st Russian car with an internal combustion engine - working on a finger (1896), elevator). ( Addendum 1(Slide 20-22).
Mozhaysky Oleksandr Fedorovich ( Addendum 1(Slide 23)) from 1856 worked on the folding of the lethal apparatus. Vіn vyvchav polіt ptakhіv, poіtryanyh zmіїv, having carried out the follow-up. They saw him a cottage on the Viysk field near Petersburg, where a spore of a litak began with two steam engines and three twins. Litak Mozhaysky first lifted the man at the door.
On doshtsi z'yavlyaєєєєє:
A rich change in the life of the country was celebrated on the eve of the reign of Alexander II. Against the background of the special share of which king was tragic. In the course of life, there were many sprats of swings, as one of them died on February 1, 1881 in St. Petersburg. (People appeared, as if they respected for the possibility of changing the sovereign mode for the help of driving in the rulers they did not like).
On that mission, de bouve murders of Alexander II in 1907 for the order of Alexander III (2nd son of Oleksandr II), the Church of the Resurrection of Christ was awakened ( Addendum 1(Slide 25). Differently colored baths, stone vizerunkas. The church is a tribute to the memory of the Tsar, to that they call it її іnakshe - the Savior on Blood. If the sleepy change falls on the red stone of the walls, let's go, don't stink splattered with blood.
VI. The fastening of the tresses.
The axis of mi was burned out by the deacons of the history of the 19th century. ( Addendum 1(Slide 26).
Gra "Domino"
| Generalisimus | Oleksandr II | succumb | |
| Persha Zaliznytsia | Catherine II | ||
| Talking about Creepiness | |||
| Vitchiznyan war | F.F. Ushakov | naval commander | A.V. Suvorov |
What was the name of Alexander II?
Why in Russian history did Oleksandr II become a tsar-willer?
When the kripaks got freedom?
Is it not enough?
VII. Podsumok lesson. Homework.
Learn about the technical innovations that appeared in the 19th century from the supplementary literature.
Come up with a story about the share of so many kripakiv after the omission of the will.
Presentation of assessments.
Catherine II,Mikhailo Ilarionovich Kutuzov , Peter I, Ivan III,A.V. Suvorov , Ivan the Terrible
Catherine II,Mikhailo Ilarionovich Kutuzov , Peter I, Ivan III,A.V. Suvorov , Ivan the Terrible
Catherine II,Mikhailo Ilarionovich Kutuzov , Peter I, Ivan III,A.V. Suvorov , Ivan the Terrible
Catherine II,Mikhailo Ilarionovich Kutuzov , Peter I, Ivan III,A.V. Suvorov , Ivan the Terrible
| Catherine II | A.V. Suvorov | “If I dare to say that the kripaks are such people themselves, like me, then I will risk it that I will lose the throne.” |
| Peter I | Ivan the Terrible | "Sea ships booty!". |
| M.I. Kutuzov | Ivan III | “Well, how can you not beat the French with such young people ?!!” |
| Catherine II | A.V. Suvorov | “If I dare to say that the kripaks are such people themselves, like me, then I will risk it that I will lose the throne.” |
| Peter I | Ivan the Terrible | "Sea ships booty!". |
| M.I. Kutuzov | Ivan III | “Well, how can you not beat the French with such young people ?!!” |
| Catherine II | A.V. Suvorov | “If I dare to say that the kripaks are such people themselves, like me, then I will risk it that I will lose the throne.” |
| Peter I | Ivan the Terrible | "Sea ships booty!". |
| M.I. Kutuzov | Ivan III | “Well, how can you not beat the French with such young people ?!!” |
| Catherine II | A.V. Suvorov | “If I dare to say that the kripaks are such people themselves, like me, then I will risk it that I will lose the throne.” |
| Peter I | Ivan the Terrible | "Sea ships booty!". |
| M.I. Kutuzov | Ivan III | “Well, how can you not beat the French with such young people ?!!” |
| Generalisimus | Oleksandr II | succumb | |
| Persha Zaliznytsia | Catherine II | ||
| Talking about Creepiness | |||
| Vitchiznyan war | F.F. Ushakov | naval commander | A.V. Suvorov |
Oleksandr II
Oleksandr II reminded us of the fact that under a new boulder the fortress was sacked. With a stretch of bagatioh, it would be like a sumptuous galm for the development of the country. For a long time the commissia worked out, as the law about the freedom of the peasants from the kripatstva was established. 1861 becoming a turning point in the development of Russia. The villagers ceased to be the power of the helpers, they could not be bought, bestowed, sold. The stench took away the rights of the people: they could arrange contracts on their own, pay the bills, conduct court justice.
The talk of the krіpatstva called out to the unimaginable rise of trade and craftsmanship. Bulo held a lot of zaliznits, which zv'azali between themselves great places. Schools were opened for post education, which was even more important for the illiterate rural population.
Bulo carried out the reform of the army, replaced the recruitment (25th service) of the military duty. The term of service was shortened to 6 years (and 9 years in stock).
For the first time in the history of Russia, the circumnavigation of the world was more expensive at the beginning of the 19th century by the ships "Nadiya" and "Neva" under the command of Ivan Kruzenshtern and Yury Lisyansky. In an hour of the expedition, the stench wriggled the islands of the Pacific Ocean, Sakhalin, Kamchatka, visited China and Japan.
On February 23, 1876, a demonstration of an "electric candle" by the Russian electrical engineer Yablochkov was held near France. Parisian and London newspapers and magazines, telling about the miraculous wines of Yablochkov, wrote hoarsely: "Light comes to us from Pivnochi - from Russia!", "Russia is the fatherland of the world." Until 1880, the creative genius of the last Russian electrical engineer, Oleksandr Mikolayovich Lodigin, created an electric heating lamp.
Set the sequence of subdivisions
On the contour map:
a) circle the borders of the Russian Empire;
b) appointed the capital of the Russian Empire with a red carpet;
c) show the color line of the Trans-Siberian highway from Yekaterinburg to Vladivostok.
Chi could take a booty? Find one new firmness and see
yoga sign "-".
1) For example, in the XIX century at the Polytechnic Museum you can turn on an electric light bulb
--- 2)
In 1825, a railing was laid between Moscow and Yekaterinburg. (The statement is not correct, to that the railroad between Moscow and Yekaterinburg was laid richly behind)
3) In 1852, the inhabitants of Tver traveled to St. Petersburg and Moscow by air.
Write in numbers:
a) vіk - 100 years;
b) half a century - 50 years;
c) quarter of a century - 25 years.
What vіdrіzka vіdіzka sіtty vіdnosya tsі roki? Get your respect! 25 years to make half of 50 years, and tse means that the date is due before the first quarter of the last quarter of the century, at the same time as the first half of the century.
Another half of the 18th (18th) century |
1790 |
STORIES OF THE HISTORY OF THE NINETEENTH CENTURY
Qile:
1. To formulate the manifestations of the teachings of life in the 19th century.
2. Learn about the reforms of Alexander the Other.
3. To formulate a statement about technical winemaking in the 19th century.
4. Develop interest in history.
Equipment: portrait of Alexander II, historical map “Russia in the 19th century.
Hid lesson
I. Organizational moment. Povodomlennya those lesson.
Teacher. This rebus will help us find out about the topic of the lesson.
Learn. Will.
Teacher. Today at the lesson we know, if the kripaks have become free. Let's walk through Moscow and St. Petersburg - from the center to the outskirts. Get to know the technical innovations of that hour.
II. Rechecking homework.
Teacher to ask:
– Why is the war of 1812 called Vitchiznyanoy?
– Which commander commanded the Russian troops in 1812?
– Tell me about the Battle of Borodino, illustrating the vicarist's assistant.
If we are talking about it, then learn to put the “+” sign; If it's wrong, then the "-" sign.
1. In France, the commander Bagration came to power.
2. The French army invaded before Russia in 1812.
3. Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Military Appointments Kutuzov.
5. After the battle of Borodino, Kutuzov defeated Moscow.
6. The war of 1812 is called "Vitchiznyaya" to the one who rises to the war all the people.
7. In honor of defeating Napoleon near Moscow, the Kazan Cathedral was erected.
8. The tomb of Kutuzov in the Peter and Paul Cathedral is being bought from Petersburg.
9. After the end of the Vitchiznya war of 1812, a monument to Minin and Pozharsky was erected in Moscow on Chervoniy Square.
Suggestion: –, +, +, –, +, +, –, –, + .
The students put the robots for re-checking.
III. Work on new material
Teacher. Valiant defenders, peasant partisans, spodіvalsya, scho camp at the edge of change, scarlet was gone. After the war, the helpers increased the panshchina and the dues. The fine partisans quarreled: “We shed blood, let Russia be a tyrant, and the gentlemen will tyrannize us again.”
What is such a kripatstvo? How was the life of the villagers for that hour?
Learn. The villagers were kripaks. Your life was lying around like a master, what a moment to sell them, to give them a gift in a card.
Teacher. Did the villagers put up with such lives?
Learn. The stench raised the rebels. Omelyan Pugachov took on a number of dissatisfied people and became a rebel battalion.
Teacher. Krіpatstvo - tse such a law, for which most Russian villagers could not leave their gentlemen-helpers. Behind the laws, the land belonged to the helpers, and the peasants were the pratsyuvati of the newcomer. The wealth of the helper was due to the fact that the new one had “souls” - the villagers of a human status (women were not respected for “souls”). There were helpers, like a small sprinkling of thousands of "souls". The villagers attached to the land of the masters were called kripaks.
The helpers worked with their kripaks for everything they wanted: they put an unbearable work on them, for the smallest fault they were given into soldiers, sometimes they were beaten to death. The villagers were sold, separating children and fathers, they blamed dogs.
Singing Do. F. Rileev wrote:
Oh, I'm boring
І on the other side:
All in captivity
In a heavy part ...
Long Russian people
Will you be a paniv?
After the Great War of 1812, there were a lot of people who succumbed to the will of the kripaks. In 1861, the roci became less, if Tsar Oleksandr II signed a manifesto about rural freedom, for which he was nicknamed the willer.
On February 30, 1856, Alexander II spoke to the Moscow nobility with a promo: “It’s better to say a lot to the beast, lower the check for that hour, which by itself is more likely to be said from below.” For such a statement, all were submitted. Most of the Russian peasants survived from bread for kvass.
Read the text on p. 122–123 assistants. Why in Russian history did Oleksandr II become a tsar-willer?
Learn. I signed a manifesto about rural freedom.
Teacher. In the name of Oleksandr II, a lot of changes were made in the life of the country. Places were developed, factories and factories appeared, new bays appeared. New initial mortgages were being created. Alexander II carried out other important reforms. Yogo reigning for progressive Russia. The zemstvos were created - mystsevy viborny organ. Judicial proceedings were now conducted zmagally - with lawyers and jurors. Having achieved the development of enlightenment: under Oleksandr II there were 20 thousand of public schools under Oleksandr II, up to 300,000 of women’s primary mortgages. A wide range of swelled suspіlnogo ruhu. The territory of Russia itself has increased by 355,000 sq. verst.
Regardless of the price, the special share of Alexander II was tragic. From 1866 to the year of yogo life, there were many sprats of swings, as one of them died on 1 February 1881.
Learn to read the article "Petersburg and Moscow" on p. 123–124 assistants and fill in the scheme:
The vranci children have all thrown in,
Smiled, stretched,
Shvidko zrobili charging:
Handles up, handles down
They climbed on scarpets,
Cheated on the barrel
On scarpets skok-skok-skok.
Teacher. New hours have come at the life of the country. What technical innovations appeared in the 19th century? Read the article on p. 124–125 of the assistant "Some technical innovations have gone to the lives of people."
Learn. In the 19th century, electric lighting, air curtains, and a telephone appeared.
Teacher. Look at the map on p. 120–121 assistant. Know the Trans-Siberian Highway. Through yakі mista won't pass?
IV. The fastening of the tresses.
Teacher to conduct a conversation with food:
– When did the kripaks take away freedom?
– Is it not enough?
– When did the first inlet appear?
– How did you get out of the way?
– What is Transsiberian highway?
The teacher is ready to prepare 3 sets of cards. Draw on rectangles with bold lines.
Generalisimus
The class is subdivided into 3 teams. The team is winning, which is the best clave of the first lancer from the Domino cards.
Pіdbitya pіdbagіv gri.
V. Sub-bag for the lesson. Presentation of assessments.
Learn to read visnovok p. 126 assistants.
Homework.
pp. 122-126. Reply to the question “Reverse yourself”.
slide 2
After the war of 1812 fate, if the people were taken in the hands of the defenders of the Batkivshchyna, many of them supported the will of the villagers-kripakiv.
slide 3
Talk to couples
- How was the life of the villagers for that hour?
- Did the villagers put up with such lives?
- What is a kripatstvo?
slide 4
Krіpatstvo - tse takі law, for which more Russian villagers could not leave their sirs-helpers. Behind these laws, the land belonged to the helpers, and the villagers were given to the new ones.
slide 5
The wealth of the helper was due to the fact that the new one had “souls” - the villagers of a human status (women were not respected for “souls”). The villagers attached to the land of the masters were called kripaks.
slide 6
The helpers worked with their kripaks for everything they wanted: they put an unbearable work on them, for the smallest fault they were given into soldiers, sometimes they were beaten to death. They sold them, separating children and fathers, blamed on dogs.
Slide 7
There were helpers, they started theaters with kripaks. Buli among the krіpakіv miraculous artists, musicians, sculptors. Wonderful creations of the art created by the hands of the kripaks. It's a pity, it's impossible to frighten, some talents perished in strong captivity.
Slide 8
In 1861, Tsar Oleksandr II signed a manifesto about peasant freedom. On that same day, there will be readings at churches throughout the Russian Empire.
Slide 9
Now, the villagers were more powerful as helpers - they could independently conduct justice. In Russian history, Oleksandr Another uvіyshov as a tsar-willer.
Slide 10
Now, the inhabitants of Russia were free and able to rule their own lives. Wanting to, like before, the possibilities for that were different for everyone. The value of the share was checked for a child from a family of a wealthy assistant, a manufacturer, a merchant and a child from a family of large kripakiv.
slide 11
In the name of Oleksandr the Other, who ascended the throne in 1855, a rich change was tied to the life of the country. New hours have arrived. Oleksandr Another zdіysniv important reforms.
Yogo kingship was progressive for Russia.
slide 12
For the rahunok, the rush of the villagers, who came to the city to earn money, quickly began to grow the population of St. Petersburg, Moscow and other places.
slide 13
At the centers of both places, a number of noble palaces, which were lost in the long hours, there were houses of banks, department stores, museums, theaters.
Slide 14
This hour has a lot of great factories and plants. Putilovsky and Baltic backwaters appeared at Petersburg. Moscow has a textile manufactory: Tryokhgirna and Danilovska.
slide 15
- The soldiers began to serve in the army for 6 years and for 25 years.
- The soldier, who served 25 years, turns into an old booth, de no one checks.
- Soldier-strokovik (6 years of service) turns to sim'ї.
slide 16
It took away the development of illumination.
Some public schools for Oleksandr the Other have won 20,000, and women's primary mortgages - up to 300,000.
Slide 17
Work for a handyman
Read the text on p.124-125 of the assistant.
What technical innovations appeared in the 19th century?
Slide 18
Technical innovations of the 19th century
- Electrical lighting
- Trams
- Kіnna Zalіznytsia
- Lifty
- Phones
