Brothers and sisters tvir. Brothers and sisters
I remember that I didn’t scream a little with joy, if on the hillock, among the high weeping birches, an old sleepy hut appeared, quietly slumbering in the slanting exchanges of the evening sun.
Behind it was a beautiful day of marny blokan through the dense thickets of Sinelga. Hay on the Upper Sinelzy (and I climbed into the very wilderness, to the rapids with spring water, where the grayling clogs in the sinter) were not put up like a sprat of rocks. Grass - broad-leaved, like corn, piry and bіlop'yana meadowsweet, which smells astringent - hooked me with my head, and I, like a child, guessing the river side along the stretch, that taxes, that along the stitches of the beast, we will lay it to the watering hole. Until the river itself, it was necessary to break through the crazily white and gray verbalose. The bed of the river was crossed by shaggy meadows, the rapids were overgrown with burdock, and there, where there were wide stretches, now only small windows of water were visible, covered with a gloomy duckweed.
Having finished the hut, I forgot about that, and about the day's additions. Everything here was familiar to me and dear to tears: and the rickety hut itself with mossy, sagging walls, in which I could instantly see the flattened eyes, the skin gap and the ridge, , the first eye looked at me from the grass.
And stіl, stіl! - a donkey, more deeply buried with its paws in the ground, but everything is just so creamy mіtsnі yоgo thovstі yalinovі chopping blocks, hewn with juice. From the sides - lava with kinds of cinnamon for the old dogs, at the cinnamon green water, which helped the rest of the board.
Skіlki razіv, sche pіdlіtkom, I sat at this table, scorched by a simple villager's ear after a good day! My father was sitting behind him, my mother said, as if she had not survived the rest of the war.
Rudі, sukuvati, in the gorges, the chopping block of the table is heavily cut, chopped. So it has already happened from long ago: a rіdkіsny pіdlіtok i muzhik, coming to sіnokіs, without leaving a reminder about himself here. And there weren’t any more signs here! Cross those crosses, yorzhist yalinki and trikutniks, squares, kukhli ... With such family signs, when the gentleman made his wood logs in the woods, hedged their notches at the sight, laying their own path of wisdom. Then a letter came, the signs changed the letters, and among them, more and more often, the five star blinked.
Leaning down to the table, I looked for a long time at the old vise-runs, seeing the grasses of our days, which were stuffed in the gaps of signs and letters ... That is Pekashin's great chronicle! Pivnіchny villager seldom knows his ancestry far away for his grandfather. I may have made the most important document about the people who passed through the Peking land.
For a little while they slept the ancient, unseen song of the mosquitoes, the napkins of overripe grasses quietly and pokirno sipped. And it’s true, in the world of that, as I read more and more into this wooden book, my distant countrymen began to come to life in front of me.
The axis is two ancient crosses, set at the vines from the leaves. Maybe, if Pekashin’s lad is alive, he’s a man, he doesn’t know what kind of letters, but the axis is go - the soul of the artist was given signs. And who, having filled in the three blackened crosses, vrіzan amazingly deep? Below is a small dovgasty cross, the christenings are richer in the future, and even darker at the hour. Why not a man, who, wearing the birth ensign, three crossed, the first strong man in the neighborhood, about which generation after generation were passed on to the Nebili? And as a nobility, maybe, like a Pekashinsky cotton, richly rokіv because, with a wide mouth, hearing roaring rozpovid_ muzhiks about the unimaginable strength of their fellow countryman, with a pity putting a cross against the ensign.
All the zakhopleniy deciphering the writings, I began to joke about the people I know. I know.
L T M
The letters have been written for a long time, maybe even more, if Trochim was soundless podlet. Ale marvelous: they have such an insight into the character of Trofim. Wide, attached, the stench stood not here, but on the middle square of the stiltnitsa. It seemed to me that Troch himself, always loving to give goods to the faces, blunted in the middle of the table, in a witch-like way, waving his feet. Order with initials
Z S A
Here it is already impossible not to recognize the broad nature of Stepan Andreyanovich. And Sofron Ignatovich, the one, as in life, was identified with mіtsnimi, but inconspicuous letters in a small corner of the table.
It especially warmed my heart, if I had not squandered fresh writing on finishing it, I had pierced it with a knife in a prominent place.
M. Pryaslin 1942
Wrote letters of vision in a singsong and loudly in a cottony way. Nate, movlyav, - a new master has come to Sinelga, which is not like sticks and crosses, you can put zhalugidni letters, but you can sign for all the rules.
1942 rec. Unforgettable life. Vaughn passed before my eyes. Ale de zhe golovnі stradnitsі, potіmі і lamentations, scho omili tuteshі sіnozhatі? I’ll write a suitable woman on the table, I don’t know. I wanted to write one side of Pekashin's wooden litopis.
perch head
Vzimku, suffocating with snow and sharpened from the sides of the forest, the little villages are little chimneyed one by one. Ale in the spring, when the snow falls like thundering strings, the skin of the village looks in its own way. One, like a bird's nest, clings to a steep mountain or a crevice in a misty way; a friend went to the steepest bank of the Pinega - at least from the end, throw a fox; the third, in the grassy winds, all the time listening to the free music of archery horses.
Pekashino is recognized by fashion - a majestic green tree, which is regally presented on a gently sloping mountain. Who knows, the wind has blown here flyingly now, and it has blown out of the quiet hours, if the noise is still strong and the ancient huts of the old people were smoking? At every time, behind the noises, in the backyards, now the stumps are crawling. They sang, wiped it off with goosebumps, the stench could tell a lot about the past of the village.
The families of the generation of bakers, neither collecting nor influx, not separating from the juicy, beat, wailed the foxes, robbed the clearing, started the wretched, squealing and stonemen, rilli. Even though the rilli have long been mastered, they call it news. Pekashin has no such novelties, distributed by folds and strings. I skin of them takes its cob name. Now in the name of the ruler - Oskin navin, then in the name of a whole family, or the ovens in a miserable way, if they worked hard, - Inyakhinsk news, then in the riddle about the great Volodar of the local world - Vedmezh hitka. But most of all, behind these names there is a girkot and the image of a robot, who has been fooled by his hopes. Kalinka Pustka, Olenkina Gar, Yevdokhin Kaminnik, Yekimova Plesh, Abramkino Podulok ... There are no such names!
They ate in the fox, they warmed themselves with the fox, and the fox was the first enemy. All his life, the pivnіchny peasant cut through to the sun, to the light, and he pressed on him like that: deafening the fields and blue kosovits, falling down with stinging fires, lakavіr and all kinds of uncleanness. To that, perhaps, it is rare for the pine village to curl the greens under the window. Pekashin and dosі live povіr'ya: bіlya booth bushes to infuse, empty booths.
Crushed from the logs of the budinka, separated by a wide street, tightly squeezed one to one. Only vuzki provulki and cities with tsibuleya and a small patch of potatoes - and that did not have a skin booth - water one spore in another. The next river took the pivsel later; ale, all the same, new houses, mute jokingly pidtrimki one to one, they bought again, as before.
Spring, behind all the signs, came swidka, friendly. Until the middle of April, the road on Pinezi was blackened, lined with vermilion bushes, the banks turned blue. In the dark distances black-leaved birches peeped out.
Dahiv dripped. From a few observations in one day, the budinki grew - large, bulky, in a beer-like way, with wet, darkened walls made of logs. In the daytime, when it warmed up, strings boiled in the slopes, and in the countryside, the warming scent of chagarniks, which rose up, was spreading in a whirlwind.
"Brothers and sisters"
"Two winters and three years"
"Shlyakhi-dorozhzhi"
"Batchless"
"Journey to the Past"
"Wooden horses"
"Pelageya" and "Alka"
Tetralogy - "Brothers and Sisters" (1958), "Two Winters and Three Years" (1968), "Ways of Rest" (1973), "Dim" (1978) - the great feat that suffering is quiet, having secured Peremoga in the terrible hardship of the Other world war, warned about the shares of the Russian village after the war.
In the novel “Budynok”, which has become a commandment of a writer, a girka is painted, but the picture is true: old people go, many front-line soldiers drink too much, Gina Elizaveta Pryaslina is the guardian of Pryaslin’s conscience and native fire, and Mikhailo Pryaslin, the master of that worker, nothing can be killed Budinki on aphids of a wild decay.
Diya tetralogy "Pryaslina" is celebrated in the village of Pekashino at the pivnoch of Russia Vytchiznyanoi war until the beginning of the 1970s.
Abramov, the artist, is like a master of the creation of diverse characters, depicting the whole color of life as in nature, and in human waters. At the center - the ups and downs of the Pryasliny's family. After the death at the front, the father with the head of this became fourteen-fifteen-year-old Mikhailo Pryaslin. On the pіdlіtka they lie not only turboti about the young brothers and sisters, but also the shoes are like the grown-ups in the kolgospі.
Opovіdannya about Pryaslinih - a typical Russian peasant sіm'ї, as she recognized all the zhorstokі vicissitudes of the XX century, made Abramov one of the most important representatives of the "strong prositry" - a galaxy of writers, who were engaged in artistic pursuits. The tetralogy is characterized by an epic style, a scrupulous description of the heroic spirit and the fate of the heroes.
Tetralogy "Pryaslini"
"Brothers and sisters"
Abramov's first novel "Brothers and Sisters", devotions to the life of a Russian village near a military rock, illuminating the light of 1958 rock. The writer explained the reason for this, explaining the impossibility of forgetting “the great feat of the Russian woman, who opened another front to fate in 1941, the front, perhaps not less important, the lower front of the Russian peasant.” Pochatkov's title of the tetralogy "Pryaslini" brought to the forefront the story about Pekasha's family Pryasliny, which sounded like the author's idea.
The novel "Brothers and Sisters" inspired the author's position of Abramov, remembering self-confidence, sacrificing and sacrificing the strength of the laborers at the fate of the war. The name of the novel is explained only by the fact that there is a time for a new life of great sympathy, and the memory of the words of I.V. Stalin at the speech on the radio at the first tragic days of the war:
“Brothers and sisters, I’m turning to you, my friends…” The book was conceived at a time when official propaganda magnified the role of the leader in the crossroads in every possible way, the feat of the people – “brothers and sisters” – was clearly blessed.
The idea of the novel “Brothers and Sisters”, perhaps, is most clearly expressed in the words of the secretary of the district party, Novozhilov, who speaks to Lukashinim from the heart: - It happened, maybe, to read it. And I wonder - we have zovsim navpaki. People from the rest help one to one. And such a conscience among the people rose up - the soul of the skin shines brightly. І respect: welding, chvari there - even more mayzhe nemaє. Well, how do you say? rozumіesh, brothers and sisters... Well, razumієsh, what am I thinking about?
"Brothers and Sisters" were created from the bazhannis and crossed the dominance in the literature of the 4050s. a look at the Russian village like a well-being region.
Abramov knew that he could not write “Brothers and Sisters” in no time: “I knew the village of military fates and literature about it, in which it was a lot of erysipelas ... I wanted to talk to the authors of these works, express my thought. Ale smut, well, it was in the other. Before the eyes stood pictures of live action, the stench squeezed into a riddle, shrugged off the words to themselves. Abramov, having shown the literature, was able to show the truth and the boundless truth.
"Two winters and three years"
A. T. Tvardovsky, having read the manuscript, writing to the author on 29 September 1967: “... You wrote a book, like our literature still has it ... The book is inspired by the greatest wonder, fiery pain of the people of the village and deep love for them ... ".
However, with a non-violent practice of indictments in the New World (1968), the novel Two Winters and Three Years, which continued the Brothers and Sisters and told about the hour of war. The war ended, but the "funeral" kept going. And then, choke in the sea of tears, the fearful joy is quiet, who has found his own from the front. Those themselves, who turned as a guarantor from widows and orphans, are dumb to be ashamed that they lost their lives.
The war has ended, but people, like before, grow up between a large-scale cornfield and a fox farm: the forest is consumed by the country, richly fox.
The war has ended, but, as before, the left part of what they vibrate, people give to the powers, and they themselves eat bread from the grass.
Tsya book completely overturned the enormity and versatility of the letter, the clarity of the current characteristics of the characters, the tension, the acute conflict of roses. Dramatic shares and the very homeland of the Pryaslins and other residents of the village of Pekashine, for example, the recent front-line soldier Illi Nepesov, who is vibing with the strength of his mother's attempts to blow his family, and Timofiya Lobanova, who has turned in full. The right worker Liza Pryaslina, after the summation of her brother Mikhail, was only “on the scythe already a girl”, but looking “like a swamp pine - you will freeze”, her smaller brothers are “thin, blіdі, like grass that grew in pіdpіllі”. In the novel, everything, from head to head, is dictated by this suvorim hour, to whom you have been assigned, you carry a signet with you. The burdens and burdens that fell on the lot of the Pryaslins, the former Pekshintsiv, are nothing else, like a part of the savage people's burden, moreover, they are often not yet naivazhcha, even though the fire shaft viruvav far aside. Pekashintsy are constantly watching themselves at the borg in front of the country and do not hesitate, bringing their great sacrifices, if it is clear that it is necessary to make them.
The work of Abramov has lived the life of the village of various social equals. Yogo tsіkavit like a simple peasant, і people, orders to cherubate people. Relief, on the yak, the Pekshintsy got up, looking for victory, did not come. Blood tied with a sepulchral method, until recently the stench of the boules was like "brothers and sisters." The author smashes the village with his fist, the skin of the finger of whatever he wants his life to be. Overworld sovereignty goiter, famine, the day of steadfastness will lead the heroes to think about the necessary change. Mikhailo Pryaslin (a hero close to Abramov) like the novel asks: “How is life far away? Where do you go?" Summons and hopes of the hero, a kind of roaming about the future at the end of the novel, fall into the symbolic image of the star, which blew up and “spread out”.
"Shlyakhi-dorozhzhi"
The third novel of the tetralogy "Pryaslini" is the novel "Shlyakhi-Dorozhzhі", which in a way grow up on the cob of the 50s. Vіn z'yavivsya at the press five after the other part of the tetralogy. The hour of yoga diї - 1951 r_k. As the bakers did not check the change for the best in the village, the important hour for her had not yet passed. For the six years that the wars have passed, the life of the pub village has changed a little. Cholovіkіv vzagalі Mayzha did not get even working hands, like before, not working, even, krіm kolgospnogo vyrobnitstvа, working force is constantly mobilizing either for lіsozagotіvlі, or for lіsosplav. I am awake before the heroes dear to the heart of the writer, there are unresolved problems.
"Ways-Razdorozhzhya" on the thought of literary criticism - Abramov's most social guest novel, which does not know proper understanding.
Why panuє zlidnі that bezgospodarnіst? Why and after six years after the wars from the village "were everyone to the grain"? Why does the peasant, who makes bread, who lives in the country, himself be deprived of bread and milk? Who is the right ruler of the country? The people are the power. The party is the people. economy. Politics Lyudin. Methods of the gospodaryuvannya and methods of curation. Conscience, obov'yazok, vіdpovidalnіst, samosvіdomіst and fanaticism, demagogy, preoccupation, cynicism. A tragedy for the people, the state, the special. The axis of the burning and the most important problems posed by the novel.
Abramov shows the negative changes in the character of the Russian peasant. Sovereign policy, which does not allow workers to speed up the results of their work, zreshtoy, taught yoga pratsyuvati, uplifted the spiritual foundations of yoga life. One of the most important topics in the novels is the share of the kolgospu clerks, who will try to change the order in them - to give the villagers the bread they grow. Illegal action caused the arrest. Seriously trying out for Pekshintsiv, there is a sheet on the head of the head, which is necessary for them to sign - less than deyakі zdіysniti tsey moral vchinok.
The dramatism of the novel "Ways of Kolії" is suto podіyny, situational, already not directly, not without intermediary spіvvіdnosya z vіnoyu that її nasledіv, and іnоdі y zovsіm not svіvvіdnosіs z it.
"Dim"
For about six years, the prose writer worked on the final book of the tetralogy "Budinok" (1978) - a piece of the sheet "behind the hot traces of coming." The novel is no longer in the past, but in the present. Diya starts the most for the river before the book is opened, in the hot, suffocating summer of 1972. Opovіdannya to rob the one who found the “streak” from us, which is in the artistic chronicle, in twenty-one rivers. For the share of the main heroes, this term is life results, for the writer - the ability, zvetayuschiesya until the day, summarily describe the fruits of the military development of the village, show how everything went, what it came to.
Inshim, “city”, now Pekashino has grown, it has grown into hundreds of brand new good-quality budins, it has acquired nickel-plated lizhki, kilims, motorcycles ... It’s not good to live, it’s important to be quiet. They got used to it and became the norm already, the order of that sound, as if the new (stagnant - as they are now) epoch approved the rest. The whole atmosphere of opposition is filled with suffocating objects... People eat a lot, sleep a lot, easily stumble into empty spaces, work “for the state”, as a rule, in a bad way and do not hang out. Bigger, nebi epidemic, choked with the excitement of a buttress, stunned by the new, stunned by the "life shtovhanini", constantly stormed by someone else, and smut - tim » », do not say «your own».
In the novel "Dim" the characters are rich in thinking, roaming, seeming. For this reason, in the earlier books of the tetralogy (the novel "Brothers and Sisters" and "Two Winters and Three Years") prevailed over the social and political, and then the socio-political zmist ("Ways-dorozhzhi" - with yoga the theme of "curious" and "grassroots" Stalinism), then "Budinok" can be called more importantly a social-philosophical novel.
“Budynok” is a book of bags, a book of goodbye and turn. At every time, for the Pryaslins - the very hour to look around, to whom to change their minds, to whom to be warned, and to pick up all at once. For the author - the hour of pіdsumkovoї artistic thought, scho pov'yazuє all pekashinsky cob and kіntsі, all routes and rozdorіzhzhya, all winters and summers. Ale pіdsumkova thought of a true artist - always open a thought: for continuation, for development, for the awakening of new thoughts. Podbags are not for the sake of pіdbags, but for the sake of a new life. “... The people will be the houses of the mustache of life. I will immediately be myself, ”writing down Abramov with a student. I repeat these words to the changed looker in Yevsey Moshkin’s novel: I do not burn at the fire, nor at the water do not tone.
The tetralogy of the writer Fyodor Abramov "Brothers and Sisters", or, as the author himself gave the name to the work, "the novel in some books" is composed of the novels "Brothers and Sisters" and "Two Winters and Three Years", as well as "Ways-Dorozhzhi" and "Dim". Povyazanі spilnimi characters that m_scem dії (pіvnіchne village Pekashine), these books tell about the thirty-fifth share of the Russian pіvnіchnogo selyanstvo, starting from the wartime of 1942. In the course of an hour, one generation grew old, another generation matured, and a third grew older. That same writer himself, having gained wisdom at once with his heroes, putting all sorts of problematic food, delving into and marveling at the share of the power, Russia, and the well-taken people. Over twenty-five years the tetralogy was created (1950-1978). For over twenty-five years the author has not parted from his beloved heroes, joking at once from them on sick food: what is Russia like? What kind of people are we? Why did we literally in non-human minds zoom in to survive and overcome the enemy, and why in the hour of peace we could not infuriate people, create righteous human, humane stosunki, founded on brotherhood, mutual assistance, justice?
About the idea of the first novel "Brothers and Sisters" Fedir Abramov repeatedly spoke in conversation with readers, in interviews, at the front desks. Miraculously, after a grievous injury near Leningrad, after a besieged hospital, in 1942, the fate of the hour of admission for wounded wine, leaning on native Pinezhzh. For all life, Abramov remembered that summer, that feat, that "battle for bread, for life," as if they were drunk-hungry women, people of a frail age, faggots. "The shells did not burst, the kuli did not whistle. But there were funerals, the need was terrible and the robot. The burden of a man's robot in the field is in the pocket." “I just couldn’t write “Brothers and Sisters,” I just didn’t have a moment ... Before my eyes stood pictures of living, real action, stinks were pressed into memory, they screamed words to themselves. "Only the truth is straight and without sides" is Abramov's writing credo.
Immediately after the release of the novel, the writer z_shtovhnuvsya іz dissatisfied fellow countrymen, yakі learned from some heroes of their prikmet. Todi F. A. Abramov, it is possible, first of all, how important it is to tell the truth about the people to the people themselves, roamed by both lacuval literature and propaganda laudatory promos to this address. F. A. Abramov wrote: "Fellow countrymen did not do better, but the deacons could easily bring annoyance: it’s okay, that in my heroes the deacons were seen from them, moreover, we didn’t see them in the wind. Spirals a lacuval theory, the theory of ideal art? On the idea of the people. art is not for the people, it can be brutalized to intelligence. The axis of the contraption: in order to work for the people, you need to go apart from the people. This important problem is occupied by F. A. Abramov's future fates. The writer himself used to say: "The people, like the very life, are super-smart. I among the people are great and small, high and low, good and evil." "The people are the victim of evil. And yet - the support of evil, now, and the creator of chi, at the extreme, the living soil of evil," - F.A. Abramov rozmirkovu.
F. A. Abramov zoomed in on the story of the tragedy of the people, about the suffering, about the price of self-sacrifice of ordinary workers. Youmu far away "marvel at the soul" ordinary people", Vіn vvіv in the literature of the civilization of Pekashin's world, representations of various characters. Yakby were not the next books of tetralogy, all one would be lost from the memory of the family Pryaslinykh, Anfisa, Varvara, Martha Repishna, Stepan Andreyanovich.
The tragedy of the war, today the people in front of the sacramental bida, showed in people unbelievable spiritual strength - brotherhood, mutual assistance, compassion, building up to great self-sacrifice and self-sacrifice. This thought pervades all the rhetoric, revealing the pathos of the novel. Still, the author thought that he should clarify, slander, fold in a folded, ambiguous way. For whom it was necessary to send ambiguous super girls, sumniv, think about the heroes about life, about military summation, about asceticism. Yomu wanted to think for himself and learn to read about the nourishment of "buttevih", which does not lie on the surface, but the roots, which encroach, in comprehending the very essence of life and those її laws. With the fates of wines, more and more pov'yazuvav social problems with moral, philosophical, primordial people.
Nature, people, war, life... Podіbnі mirkuvannya wanted to send a writer to the novel. About this - Anfisi's internal monologue: "Grass grows, lives are not warm, lower at peaceful rocks, a horse gallops and is more like a mother. What is it like that, people? New? Until what pratsyuvati? Well, overcome them. Turn back home. What's new? Youmu what? And, perhaps, the next life for Makarivny was the only person who was born, and he said that. That navіscho we live? Can't you just practice? And the author immediately marked the transition to the offensive division: "And life took its toll. Makarivna left, and people practiced." Ale smut nutrition, as if he wanted to see Abramov, - ce nutrition of conscience, about asceticism, about the saying of a special person in the name of a sleeping person. "What is the right of a person to a special life, so that everyone suffers for a long time?" The food is the best. On the back, the author shied up to the idea of sacrifice. In further notes to the characteristics of that situation, connected with Anfisa, Varvara, Lukashinim, making the problem worse. Recorded on December 11, 1966: "What is it possible to live with full blood, if you've been hurt? Axis of food, like you have to believe Lukashin, and Anfisi. It's impossible. Conscience is the same. You can't live full blood at once.
If Anfisa realizes that Nastya has been burned, has become a stone, she pulls the chains on herself. Stop. Happy kokhanny! Vaughn became suvoroy, ascetic, as it is called, in step with her hour. I thought: so it is necessary. At tsimu її obov'yazok. But people did not like it. People seem to like more Anfisa's money - cheerful, lifeless, greedy for life. And the same women said about her from the hoards: "Well, woman! And if Anfisa becomes an ascetic, people become nasty. І people do not go up to her. But she wanted well for them, for them she dressed herself in a sackcloth.
Ascetic moral and pagan life-like look the world was filled with the novels and other works of F. A. Abramov. The extreme meekness and hisistically blind optimism were, however, unacceptable for the writer. However, vin razbiravsya in fact, it is important to know the truth - the truth in the untransmitted world. To that again and again, having risen antagonistic nature, positions, look, chirping in difficult life situations.
Well, after the author's tribute, help the people to solve the problems of complex problems put before them by life? Less than life itself, dear to the heart and mind of Abram's nature, these are the "keys of the dzherel", in which the hero of the novel is bathed and in which they are filled with strength, "both physical and spiritual".
The novels “Brothers and Sisters” and “Two Winters and Three Years” together with the novels “Shlyakhi-Dorozhzhi” and “Dim” compose the tetralogy of the writer Fyodor Abramov “Brothers and Sisters”, otherwise, as the name of the author of the TVir, “a novel in Chotirioh books” . United by the main heroes of that city of diy (pivnichne village of Pekashine), tsі books tell about the thirty-fifth share of the Russian pіvnіchnogo selyanstvo, starting from the 1942 fate of the 1942. In the course of an hour, one generation has grown old, another has matured, and a third has grown older. And the author himself, having gained wisdom with his heroes, setting the grandfathers of folding problems, thinking and wondering at the edge of the country, Russia and people. Over twenty-five years the tetralogy was created (1950-1978).
For over twenty-five years the author has not parted from his beloved heroes, joking at once from them on sick food: what is Russia like? What kind of people are we? Why did we literally in non-human minds zoom in to survive and overcome the enemy, and why in the hour of peace we could not infuriate people, create righteous human, humane stosunki, founded on brotherhood, mutual assistance, justice?
About the idea of the first novel "Brothers and Sisters" Fedir Abramov repeatedly spoke in conversations with readers, in interviews, at the front desks. Miraculously, after a grievous injury near Leningrad, after a besieged hospital, in 1942, the fate of the hour of admission for wounded wine, leaning on native Pinezhzh. For all life, Abramov remembered that summer, that feat, that "battle for bread, for life," as the drunk-hungry women, people of a frail age, pidlets led. “The shells did not burst, the coolers did not whistle. Ale, buli funerals, bula, the need is terrible for that robot. Heavy human robot in the field and on the puddle. “I just didn’t write “Brothers and Sisters” in an instant ... Before my eyes stood pictures of living, real action, the stench pressed on the riddle, the words kept silent. The great feat of the Russian woman, who in 1941 opened another front, perhaps not less difficult, the lower front of the Russian peasant - how can I forget about it in an instant? ""Tilki truth - straight - grass and without sides" - Abramov's writing credo. Later, to clarify: "... The feat of a person, the feat of the people is vindicated by the scale of the past, the world of sacrifices and suffering, which bring wins in vіvtar of victory."
Immediately after the release of the novel, the writer z_shtovhnuvsya іz dissatisfied fellow countrymen, as if they recognized their own marks from some heroes. Todi F. A. Abramov, it is possible, first of all, how important it is to tell the truth about the people to the people themselves, roamed by both lacuval literature and propaganda laudatory promos to this address. F. A. Abramov wrote: “Fellow countrymen did me good, but the deacons took the ice to annoyance: it’s good that in my heroes the deacons were seen from them, moreover, we don’t see them at the reception light. I marno perekonuvati. Before the speech, you know what the lacuval theory, the theory of ideal art, is based on? To the thought of the people. The people can't stand the prose of science. Vіn і at a time vіddast vіddast vіddast vіznіm nebіlіtsam tverezої rozpoіdі pro yogo zhittya. One on the right - this is real life, the other on the right - a book, a picture. That is why the truth of the science is not for the people, it can be brutalized to the intelligentsia. Axis contraption: to work for the people, you need to go apart from the people. And so it is with everything, inspire the economy. This important problem is occupied by F. A. Abramov's future fates. The writer of letters himself says: “The people, like the very life, are super-smart. And among the people є great and small, pіdnesene and lowland, good and dashing. “The people are the victims of evil. And yet, the support of evil, then, and the creator of chi, at the extreme approach, the living soil of evil, ”- F. A. Abramov, rozmirkovu.
F. A. Abramov zoomed in on the story of the tragedy of the people, about the suffering, about the price of self-sacrifice of ordinary workers. Youmu farted away "to marvel at the soul of a simple person", vin vvіv in the literature of the whole world of Pekashin, representations of various characters. Yakby would not attack the books of the tetralogy, everything would be lost to the memory of the family of Pryaslinykh, Anfisa, Varvara, Marfa Repishna, Stepan Andreyanovich.
The tragedy of the war, today the people in front of the sacramental bida, showed in people the spiritual strengths - brotherhood, mutual help, compassion, building up to great self-sacrifice and self-sacrifice. This thought pervades all the rhetoric, revealing the pathos of the novel. Still, the author thought that he should clarify, slander, fold in a folded, ambiguous way. For whom it was necessary to send ambiguous superchicks, sumniv, think about the heroes about life, about military summation, about asceticism. Yomu wanted to think for himself and learn to read about the nourishment of “buttevih”, which does not lie on the surface, but the roots, which encroach, in comprehending the very essence of life and those її laws. With the fates of wines, more and more pov'yazuvav social problems with moral, philosophical, primordial people.
Nature, people, war, life... Podіbnі mirkuvannya wanted to send a writer to the novel. About this - Anfisia's internal monologue: “Grow the grass, the lives are not harsh, lower the peaceful rocks, the horse gallops and is closer to the mother. And why are people - nayrozumnіshі z usіh istot - do not rejoice in earthly joys, drive in one by one? .. But what is it? What are we, people? About the sense of life, after the death of the son and the death of the squad, Stepan Andreyanovich: “Live through life. New? Need to practice? Well, overcome them. Turn back home. What's new? Youmu what? I, perhaps, the next life for Makarivna. A single person bula bіla new, i missed that. That navіscho we live? Can't you just practice?
And here the author marked the transition to the offensive division: “And life took its toll. She left Makarivna, and people practiced. Ale smut food, as if he wanted to see Abramov, - ce nutrition of conscience, about asceticism, about the saying of a special person in the name of a sleeping person. “What is the right of a person to a special life, so that everyone around is suffering?” The food is the best. On the back, the author shied up to the idea of sacrifice. In further notes to the characteristics of the situation, connected with Anfisa, Varvara, Lukashinim, they made the problem worse. Recorded on December 11, 1966: Is it possible to live full-blooded, if you need to? Axis of nutrition, like to be brought to virishuvati і Lukashin, і Anfіsi. Can't. Conscience and in. It is impossible to live fully today. And when will people live?
Gromadyanskaya war, p'yatirichki, collectivization, war... Lukashin's sumnivivs, but with the permission to ask "What can you do now?" vin vіdpovіdaє: “Mozhliva! Now you can. You can't say life. And on the front? Do you think everyone has a great post? What can you do? Anfisa thinks otherwise: “Let me sing so, as if I could. I don't judge. I can't do it myself. How will I marvel at women in the eyes? Maximalism of Anfisi, the author wants to explain with mіtsnimi moral pіdvaliny in її old Russian sіm'ї. “Like grief in the house - the day of the dead - can you get out of joy? Hiba tse not evil? All great-grandmothers and grandmothers, who saved their fidelity to the trouble of their people in their own family, stood up against її kohanna, against addictions. Ale and Anfіsa zmushuvav the author more hesitant, shukati vіdpovidіdі. Anfisa to torment: love is small Nastya, її it is small to bestow all the gifts of life, but in truth, love was gone, Anfisa. Is that fair? Who, who is responsible for everything, behind the back of the insurance? Why is one person dying in youth, and the other is alive?
If Anfisa realizes that Nastya has been burned, has become a stone, she pulls the chains on herself. Stop. Happy kokhanny! Vaughn became suvoroy, ascetic, as it is called, in step with her hour. I thought: so it is necessary. At tsimu її obov'yazok. But people did not like it. People seem to like more Anfisa's money - cheerful, lifeless, greedy for life. And the same women said about her from the hoards: “Well, woman! Don't lose heart. More pull us. And if Anfisa becomes an ascetic, people become nasty. І people do not go up to her. But she wanted well for them, for them she dressed herself in a sackcloth.
Morally ascetic and pagan life-loving attitudes to the world were filled with the novels and other works of F. A. Abramov in the most sophisticated forms. Remaining asceticism and his hysterically thoughtless life were, however, unacceptable for the writer. Ale vin rozumiv, how important it is to know the truth - the truth in every world. To that I renew and renew the proteges of nature, look, perekonannya, shukannya folded life situations.
Well, in the opinion of the writer, can you help people to know the answers to those folds of food, how to put life in front of her? Only life itself, nature is dear to the author’s heart, those keys are dzherel, in which the hero of the novel bathes and in which strength is gained, and not only physical, but spiritual.
Fedir Oleksandrovich Abramov
Brothers and sisters
I remember that I didn’t scream a little with joy, if on the hillock, among the high weeping birches, an old sleepy hut appeared, quietly slumbering in the slanting exchanges of the evening sun.
Behind it was a beautiful day of marny blokan through the dense thickets of Sinelga. Hay on the Upper Sinelzy (and I climbed into the very wilderness, to the rapids with spring water, where the grayling clogs in the sinter) were not put up like a sprat of rocks. Grass - broad-leaved, like corn, piriya and bіlop'yana meadowsweet, which smells astringently, - took me by the head, and I, like a child, guessing the river side along the lingering cold along the stitches of the beast, laid to the watering hole. Until the river itself, it was necessary to break through the crazily white and gray verbalose. The bed of the river was crossed by shaggy meadows, the rapids were overgrown with burdock, and there, where there were wide stretches, now only small windows of water were visible, covered with a gloomy duckweed.
Having finished the hut, I forgot about that, and about the day's additions. Everything here was familiar to me and dear to tears: and the rickety hut itself with mossy, sagging walls, in which I could instantly see the flattened eyes, the skin gap and the ridge, , the first eye looked at me from the grass.
And stіl, stіl! - a donkey, more deeply buried with its paws in the ground, but everything is just so creamy mіtsnі yоgo thovstі yalinovі chopping blocks, hewn with juice. From the sides - lava with kinds of cinnamon for years of dogs, at the cinnamon green water, which helped the rest of the board.
Skіlki razіv, sche pіdlіtkom, I sat at this table, scorched by a simple villager's ear after a good day! My father was sitting behind him, my mother said, as if she had not survived the rest of the war.
Rudі, sukuvati, in the gorges, the chopping block of the table is heavily cut, chopped. So it has already happened from long ago: a rіdkіsny pіdlіtok i muzhik, coming to sіnokіs, without leaving a reminder about himself here. And there weren’t any more signs here! Cross those crosses, yorzhist yalinki and trikutniks, squares, kukhli ... With such family signs, when the gentleman made his wood logs in the woods, hedged their notches at the sight, laying their own path of wisdom. Then a letter came, the signs changed the letters, and among them, more and more often, the five star blinked.
Leaning down to the table, I looked for a long time at the old vise-runs, seeing the grasses of our days, which were stuffed in the gaps of signs and letters ... That is Pekashin's great chronicle! Pivnіchny villager seldom knows his ancestry far away for his grandfather. I may have made the most important document about the people who passed through the Peking land.
For a little while they slept the ancient, unseen song of the mosquitoes, the napkins of overripe grasses quietly and pokirno sipped. And it’s true, in the world of that, as I read more and more into this wooden book, my distant countrymen began to come to life in front of me.
The axis is two ancient crosses, set at the vines from the leaves. Maybe, if Pekashin’s lad is alive, he’s a man, he doesn’t know what kind of letters, but the axis is go - the soul of the artist was given signs. And who, having filled in the three blackened crosses, vrіzan amazingly deep? Below is a small dovgasty cross, the christenings are richer in the future, and even darker at the hour. Why not a man, who, wearing the birth ensign, three crossed, the first strong man in the neighborhood, about which generation after generation were passed on to the Nebili? And as a nobility, maybe, like a Pekashinsky cotton, richly rokіv because, with a wide mouth, hearing roaring rozpovid_ muzhiks about the unimaginable strength of their fellow countryman, with a pity putting a cross against the ensign.
All the zakhopleniy deciphering the writings, I began to joke about the people I know. I know.
The letters have been written for a long time, maybe even more, if Trochim was soundless podlet. Ale marvelous: they have such an insight into the character of Trofim. Wide, attached, the stench stood not here, but on the middle square of the stiltnitsa. It seemed to me that Troch himself, always loving to give goods to the faces, blunted in the middle of the table, in a witch-like way, waving his feet. Order with initials
Here it is already impossible not to recognize the broad nature of Stepan Andreyanovich. And Sofron Ignatovich, the one, as in life, was identified with mіtsnimi, but inconspicuous letters in a small corner of the table.
It especially warmed my heart, if I had not squandered fresh writing on finishing it, I had pierced it with a knife in a prominent place.
