The anomalous natural zabrudnennya of the natural environment is called. Large-scale problems of the present: the confusion of the superfluous medium
The physical and chemical changes in the warehouse of natural speech (repeat, drive, ground) are taken into account in the navkolishny natural environment, which threaten the health of that life of a person who is reminiscent of the natural environment. Zabrudnennya becomes cosmic - natural, like the earth has a significant amount of space taken from space, from the eruptions of volcanoes, that is anthropogenic, caused by the state's activity of the people. Let's look at another kind of confusion, made by the will of a person.
Anthropogenic pollution of dovkill is subdivided into sprat species. Tse sawn, gas, chemical (zocrema soiled with chemicals), aromatic, thermal (change in water temperature), which is negatively signified on the life of water creatures. Dzherel zabrudnennya navkolishny natural environment є gospodarska diyalnіst lyudiny (promislovіst, silske gospodarstvo, transport). Fallow in the region, a part of that chi іnshoy dzherel zabrudnennya can signifi- cantly swell. So, in the places of the greatest pet vіd vіd zabrudnennya transport is given. Yogo part of the fermented dovkіlla to become 70-80%. Among industrial enterprises, the most "brudni" are taken in by metallurgy enterprises. The stench is 34% confusing dovkіllya. They are followed by enterprises of the energy industry, ahead of them are thermal power plants, which are 27% more likely to make dovkilya. The rest of the revenue falls on the enterprises of chemical (9%), oil (12%) and gas (7%) industries.
With the rest of the rocks before the mist, the strong state hung in the mud. Tse with two furnishings. Pershe - zbіlshennya budіvnitstva great tvarinnitskih kompleksіv for vіdsutnostі whether yakoї purified vіdhodіv scho utvoryuyutsya, that їh utilіzatsії, i other - zbіlshennya zastosuvannya mіneralnih Welcome i otrutohіmіkatіv, SSMSC time of doschovimi streams that pіdzemnimi waters potraplyayut in rіchki that lake, zavdayuchi seryoznih zbitkіv pools їх ribnym reserves of taroslinity.
One inhabitant of the Earth falls over 20 tons per day. The main ob'єktam ob'єktami zabrudnennya є atmospheric povitrya, water reservoirs, including the ocean of light, ґrunti. Today, thousands and thousands of tons of fumes, nitrogen oxides, sirka and other fluffy rivers are released into the atmosphere. І less than 10% of the total amount is covered with roslins. Oxide of sirka (sirchisty gas) is the main zabrudnyuvach, a dzherelom of some kind of thermal power plants, boiler houses, metallurgical backwaters.
Concentration of sulfur dioxide in oxides of nitrogen, generates acidic deposits, thus reducing the harvest, growth, spilling into the camp of fish stocks. In a series of sirchist gas, a negative injection of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere camp, which is established as a result of combustion. Yogo dzherela - thermal power plants, metallurgical backwaters, transport. Over the previous years, the share of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere increased by 20% and continued to increase by 0.2% on the river. For the conservation of such rates, an increase of up to 2000 times in the atmosphere of a part of carbonic acid will increase by 30-40%.
Such a physical and chemical change in the atmosphere can lead to a greenhouse effect. The essence of yoga is that the accumulation of carbonic acid in the upper spheres of the atmosphere overrides the normal process of heat transfer between the Earth and Space, streaming the heat accumulated by the Earth as a result of government action and through natural causes, for example, eruptions of volcanoes.
The greenhouse effect is shown by changing temperatures, changing the weather and climate. Similar manifestations to us posterigaєmo already at once. With current anthropogenic pressures on the skin for 10 years, the temperature rises by 0.5°. The effects of such a change in temperature are manifested in the submerged line of the Light Ocean and the flooded part of the land, settlements. It is necessary to say that for 100 years the river of the Light Ocean rises by 10-12 cm, but with a greenhouse effect, such a rise can be seen 10 times.
The last consequence of the greenhouse effect may be the growing desertification of land. Already at the same time, 6 million hectares of land are being turned to waste.
The main function of the earth's ozone sphere in the protection of people is the natural environment of the Earth in the form of a harmful influx of ultraviolet vaporization from the Cosmos. Under the influx of ozone-ruining speeches - fleron, freon, chlorine, charcoal, which is seen by refrigeration units, cars, then, in steps of ruining the ball, zokrem, in okremy places over the heavily populated territories, the tovshchina changed by 3%. Apparently, 1% shortening of the ozone layer leads to an increase in the incidence of skin cancer by 6%.
The least important objects are muddled with water, reservoirs, rivers, lakes, the ocean of light. At the ocean of light, millions of tons of rare and hard inputs are churning. Among them, naphtha was released into the ocean, as it was consumed into the ocean from ships, after the sighting of naphtha in the sea environment, and also after numerous tanker accidents. The bottling of naphtha leads to naphtha melting in the ocean, the death of the living resources of the sea, including algae, plangton, which vibrate kissen.
The sourness in the atmosphere popovnyuєtsya for rahunok two dzherel - tallness (approximately 40%) and the Light Ocean (60%). At the Light Ocean, kisen is vibrated by microorganisms - plangton. The death of plangton under naphtha smelting changes the ocean's ability to replenish the Earth's atmosphere with oil reserves. As a result of the naphtha and other muddling of the Light Ocean, such negative phenomena are expected, like the reproduction of one-celled golden algae, like sour tarrying in the process of its development, and seeing carbon dioxide. It's already plodding and developing at a blissful pace. Zzvichay її belt buvaє zavshirshki up to 10 km і zavtovki 35 m; speed 25 km per day. In the process of the revolution, the mass of algae is alive all the living life in the ocean - and growing, and creatures. Such phenomena are guarded by the Pivnichny sea, on the pivnі Scandinavia.
In addition, the flooding of the Light Ocean is not only up to the speeding up of food resources, fish stocks, but also to the contamination of them with shrill speeches for people. It has been shown that, for example, the Baltic cod can contain up to 1 kg of water up to 80 milligrams of mercury, tobto. in 5-8 times more, lower in a medical thermometer.
Chemicals have become the main source of fermentation of dovkіllya, which zastosovyvaetsya to the strong state: mineral dobriva, otrutokhіmіkati, growth stimulants. Over 5 million various chemical speeches and spoluks have been expanded on the planet at a time. Toxicity of di ї їkh is not very significant (approximately 40 thousand speeches).
These and other traces of confusion in the natural environment are negatively signified on the physical health of the people, on the nervous, mental state, on the health of the future generations. Actual data: 20% of the population is constantly suffering from allergies due to the fluctuating influx of dowkill; today on the earth's backwaters in the world 25 thousand. cholovik through the trash water, tobto. drive, what to avenge in large doses the concentration of shkidlivih speeches; 35% of the population of industrial places systematically suffers from various ailments, which are caused by wanderings of dovkil.
Visnazhennya and destruction of the natural environment.
Through the war of the state's activity, the steps of the natural dovkil's excavation are being introduced, tobto. the waste of quiet natural resources, like a life of economic activity for people. More already it was said about the cutting of trees. The cost of lisiv is the same as the waste of sourness, and the most important economic resources, the necessary people for farther activities.
For ninishnіh tempo spozhivannya rozvіdani reserves kam'yanoy vugіllya, naphtha, natural gas and other brown copalin vytrachayutsya higher pace, lower it was earlier, and the number of these reserves catastrophically change. It is true, the use of the city may have its own prospect of winning other, new types of energy, zokrema, atomic, energy water, stock up some kind of non-existent. Ale vikoristannya atomic energy for peaceful purposes, for a large-scale commitment to the innocence of the problem of incoming atomic industry. The development of water as a source of energy is theoretically acceptable and possible, but practical, more precise, technologically, the task has not yet been exceeded on the level of industrial production.
Increase the pace of fresh water recovery, which leads to the expiration of non-renewable water resources. For example, you can bring the following data: for all consumption for production, one person stains in the average 150-200 liters of water; Moscow sack 200-300 l; bag of Moscow for stained glass 500-600 l. The deyakі kraїni vzgalі vzagalі prіsnoї vіdnoї vozdavlenі і koristuyutsya privіznoi. Trying to overcome the problem of providing fresh water for the transportation of icebergs from the prairie lands to the pristine ones, the climate of Africa, is no small success. Processing of sea water occurs near the Shevchenko area in the Caspian Sea, but until then the problem of industrial desalination of sea water has not gained a wide development not only in our country, but also in the whole world. Here there are some folds: for the sake of freshening, it is necessary to dilute the freshened water with divine water, and only in such a sumish it can be vikoristan for recognition.
The deforestation and zabrudnennya of the natural environment lead to the destruction of ecological links, the establishment of districts in those regions, or the frequent degradation of the natural environment, not building up the exchange of speech and energy. The biggest example of such degradation is the Aral Sea, which is dying to the fullest extent through the presence of the necessary water runoff from the two hard Central Asian rivers. The degraded steppes of Kalmikia in the wake of the irrational vigor of the earth, overwhelmed by the thinness of the pasture, which more than spared the growth of the soil, yak trimmed the roughness of the slope.
Confusion of the Earth's atmosphere- bringing in the atmospheric appearance of new uncharacteristic for the new physical, chemical and biological speeches or changes in their natural concentration.
See the confusion
Behind the dzherel zarudnennya, two types of zarudnennya atmosphere are seen
natural
anthropogenic
Behind the nature of the zabrudnyuvach, the zabrudnennya of the atmosphere buvaє three vidіv:
physical - mechanical (saws, hard particles), radioactive (radioactive vibration and production of isotopes), electromagnetic (various types of electromagnetic waves, including radio waves), noise (various loud sounds and low-frequency noise) and heat pollution . P.)
chemichne - zabrudnennya gas-like rivers and aerosols. On this day, the main chemistries of atmospheric pollution: carbon oxide (IV), nitrogen oxide, sulfur dioxide, carbohydrates, aldehydes, important metals (Pb, Cu, Zn, Cd, Cr), ammonia, drank and radioactive isotopes
biological - the most important is the contamination of the microbial nature. For example, polluted with vegetative forms and spores of bacteria and fungi, viruses, as well as their toxins and life products.
The most wide-ranging view of the negative impact of humans on the biosphere is zabrudnennya, which is the reason for the most basic environmental situation. Zabrudnennyam naming the natural environment of the most natural medium of any hard, rare, gas-like speech, microorganism, energy (at the sight of sound sickness, viprominyuvan) in small bones, healthy people, creatures, growing up and other forms of life.
Zabrudnyuvach- The speech, the physical factor, the biological species, which is found in the most important medium in the kіlkost, which goes beyond the borders of the natural morning in nature. In other words, zabrudnyuvach - all those who are not there, not at that hour, not including those present in the middle of nowhere.
Be it a speech chi factor, it can become a zabrudnyuvache for singing furnishings. For example, sodium cations are necessary for the body to stimulate electrical energy, conduct nerve impulses, and activate herbal enzymes. However, great quantities of salt have sodium bran; so, 250 g of kitchen salt is a lethal dose for humans.
Confusion whatever type they might be:
- Destruction of life safety systems at the local, regional, global level: change in climate, decrease in natural circulation of speech and energy, necessary for normal life of people and other living things;
- Skoda for healthy people: widening of infectious diseases, teasing and ailments of the wild ways, changes on the genetic level, changes in reproductive function, cancerous degeneration of the cells;
- zapodіyannya shkodi growth and creaturely world; decrease in the productivity of forests and food crops, shkidlivy vpliv on creatures that lead to their extinction;
– subjugation of shkodi mine: corrosion of metals, chemical and physical ruination of materials, budvel, monuments;
- an unacceptable and aesthetically unacceptable infusion: an unacceptable smell and relish, a change in visibility in the atmosphere, a clouded dress.
Contamination of the natural environment can be controlled at the entrance and exit. Control at the entrance to the passage of the penetration of the potential zabrudnyuvach in the middle of the body, or sharply short-lived. For example, the houses of the sirka can be removed from the vugill to yogo spitting, which will help or sharply reduce the appearance of sirka dioxide in the atmosphere, which is harmful for the roslin and dichal system. Control on the output of directives for the liquidation of outputs, which has already been consumed to the dovkіll.
Classification of zabrudnyuvachiv
Separate natural and anthropogenic dzherela confused. natural zarudnennya pov'yazane z diyalnistyu volcanoes, fox fires, mudflows, output of polymetal ores on the surface of the earth; vision of gases from above the earth, diyalnistyu microorganism, roslin, creatures. Anthropogenic zabrudnennya pov'yazanі z gospodarskoї іyalnistyu people.
Classification of anthropogenic (technogenic) spills, confusion of the medium, including the main categories:
1.Material and energy characteristics of inflows Key words: mechanical, physical (thermal, electromagnetic, radiation, acoustic), chemical, biological factors and agents, their daily. Most of the vipadkіv as such agents act emіsії (that's vypromіnyuvannya - wikidi, drains, vypromіnyuvannya then) of various technical dzherel.
2.Kіlkіsnі characteristics vplivu: strength and degree of insecurity (intensity of factors and effects, weight, concentration, characteristics of the type "dose - effect", toxicity, admissibility for environmental and sanitary and hygienic standards); expanses of scale, breadth (local, regional, world).
3.Timing hours parameters influencing the nature of effects Key words: short-hours and trivals, stіykі and non-negligible, direct and indirect, which may be pronounced or subtle subtle effects, werewolf and non-negotiable, actual and potency, threshold of effects.
4.Categories of effects in the injection: different living recipients (building spriymati and reacting) - people, creatures, growths, and navit components of dovkіlla, which are set: the middle of the settlement and the place, natural landscapes, soil, water objects, atmosphere, earth expanse; argue.
At the boundaries of the skin category, it is possible to rank the ecological significance of factors, indications and objects. Zahal for nature, the scale of the actual influxes is the most significant and chemical pollution, and the greatest potential threat is due to radiation. In the rest of the hour, I especially need to become not only a growing zabrudnen, but also a vague influx, which often goes beyond the final effect, just a sum of infusions, which may have a “peak” effect. synergy. If there is an ob'єktiv inflow, then a person stands in the first place.
Dzherelami anthropogenic zabrudnennya dovkіllya є pіdpriєmstva industry, energy, sіlskogo gosudarstva, budіvnіtstva, transport, virobnіstva and spozhivannіa produktіv kharchuvannya, vikoristannya podobіv pobutu.
Jerels of technogenic emissions can be organizedі disorganized, stationary and rotten. Organized dzherel have special outbuildings for the removal of emissia (pipe, ventilation shafts, drop channels), emis s from unorganized dzherel dovilni. Dzherela are also distinguished by geometric characteristics (points, lines, maydans) and by the mode of operation - non-stop, periodic, salvo.
Dzherelami chemical and thermal turbidity є thermochemical processes in the energy sector - spitting paliva and thermal and chemical processes associated with it. Associated reactions are associated with the presence of fire in different houses, with oxidized nitrogen, it is repeated with secondary reactions already in the necessary middle.
All reactions accompany the work of thermal stations, industrial furnaces, internal combustion engines, gas turbine and jet engines, metallurgy processes, and mineral syrovine. The largest contribution to the energetically polluted medium is to rob the energy industry and transport. The average heat energy for 1 tonne of smelting heat produces about 150 kg of fertilisers.
Let's take a look at the balance of speech of an "average" passenger car for a total weight of 8 liters (6 kg) per 100 km. With optimal operation of the engine, burning 1 kg of gasoline is accompanied by 13.5 kg of fuel and 14.5 kg of speech. Wikis register up to 200 z'ednan. The total mass of zabrudnen - the average is close to 270 g per 1 kg of gasoline, which is burned, the total consumption of the whole world, supported by passenger cars, the warehouse is close to 340 million tons; for all automobile transport - up to 400 million tons.
behind scale zabrudnennya can buti mіstsevimi, local, which are characterized by the movement in the place of wandering speeches in small territories (local, industrial enterprise); regional if you drink in, you will spend a lot of space (river pool, orb); global, if the confusion appears at any point of the planet (the confusion of the biosphere) and cosmic(Smіttya, vіdpratsovanі schablі space vehicles).
As a rule, a lot of anthropogenic zabrudnyuvachiv are not disturbed by anything natural, they become xenobiotics, foreign to the nature of speech. The reasons for the development of the chemical industry of the piece and synthetic materials: polymers, surface-active speech. In nature, there are agents for distribution, conquered, so the stench accumulates in the middle of nowhere.
Separate first and second zabrudnennya. At primary The zabrudnennya shkidlivih speeches are settled without intermediary in the course of natural or anthropogenic processes. At secondary shkidlivy speech zarudnenі synthesized in the superfluous middle from the first; The adoption of secondary confounders is most often catalyzed by sony light (photochemical process). As a rule, secondary toxicants are toxic for the primary ones (phosgene is dissolved from chlorine and carbon monoxide).
You can see the confusion of the medium in a group: chemistry, physical, physical-chemical, biological, mechanical, informational and complex.
Chemical contamination po'yazano z nadhodzhennyam dovkіllya chemical speeches. Physically confused due to changes in the physical parameters of the medium: temperature (thermal pollution), fluctuation parameters (light; noise, electromagnetic); radiation parameters (radiation and radioactive). form physical and chemical confusionє aerosol (smog, smoke).
Biological confusion due to the introduction of the medium and the reproduction of organisms that are not important for humans, to the penetration or introduction of new species to natural systems, which calls for negative changes in biocenoses. Concentration of the medium with materials that give an unfriendly mechanical injection without physical and chemical effects (remark) mechanical confusion. Complex zabrudnennya middle - thermal that th information, bewildered by a sleepy day of various kinds of confusion .
Deyakі zabrudnjuvachi nabuvayut otruynyh authorities after ingestion into the body of the process of chemical transformations that are there. One and the same speech, or the factor can multiply by an organism.
The result of zabrudnyuvachiv on the body of a person manifests itself in different ways. fuck off attack the liver, nirks, hematopoietic systems, blood, respiratory organs. carcinogenic and mutagenic effects - in the aftermath of the change in the informational powers of state and somatic clitin, fibrogenic- Appearance of good-natured puffs (fibroma); teratogenic- Indulgence among the people; allergic- Call for allergic reactions: damage to the skin curves (eczema), dyhal channels (asthma); n neuro- and psychotropic effect application of a toxicant infusion on the central nervous system of a person's body.
Behind the mechanism, the injection of a zabrudnyuvach into the body is divided into:
- speech teasing speech that changes the pH of the mucous membrane or teases nerve endings;
- Speech or a factor that changes the rate of oxidative and reactive reactions in the body;
- speeches, which are irrevocably connected with organic or inorganic layers, from which fabrics are formed;
- Fatty speech, which damage the functions of biological membranes;
- speeches that replace the chemical elements or half of the clitina;
- Factors that are added to the electromagnetic and mechanical processes in the body.
Lyudina is a creature who has deprived the natural world of reason and created with her own - so called a cultural middle ground. However, even though we are not alive in natural minds, we are still stale in nature, sing-songly, stalely. From the early fates, our heads are to blame for the fact that “human beings” and “nature” are incomprehensible, and it is my fault to try to understand the harmony of these vines.
The atmosphere, the water of the ocean of light, the camp of gruntiv - everything without a trace pours into our lives. Blame nutrition: to know everything that the straggling of the natural environment can lead to the death of all mankind, why s skin rock obsyas zgubnogo spitting on our planet is not growing?
The confusion of the current middle ground is a global problem of humankind, as it is discussed from the left side of the world of light. Impersonal organizations and groups are being created, the method of which is to avoid catastrophes that are brewing, but the fight against legacy is already dashing.
Problems of the navkolishny middle - not only a modern phenomenon And yet, in the rest of the decade, wines on a colossal scale. The problems of ecology are one of the most recent problems of the people, which are connected with us in front of the rash and simply barbaric activity of people. Let's say that even in the first era, foxes were mercilessly cut down, creatures were blamed, changing the landscape for people, having mastered new places of residence and shukav resources.
And even at that hour, qi dii did not become scarless. The climate was changing, environmental disasters were escaping. Then, for the growth of the population of the Earth, for the resettlement of the peoples, and for the growth of species with brown copalins, the first place was the chemistry of the nasty world.
We cannot estimate what a contribution to the current environmental situation has been made by the past generation, the protégé at once becoming possible as accurate as possible and reporting analysis will become an important indicator of life in our planet. That is why it is necessary to win the strength new technologies for the control of the current state of development of programs, building to improve the environmental situation on the planet. For the time being, everything is known that the appearance of people is the greatest ecological catastrophe of the Earth. So, from the development of industry, from the increase in the scale, the camp of the skin environmental indicator, for example, the chemical warehouse, repeat, drive that soil.
Classification of natural zabrudnen
Іsnuє kіlka types of zabrudnen, which are seen behind the dzherel and straightening:
- Biological. Dzherelo - live life. It can be due to natural causes or due to activity.
- Physical. Changing the physical characteristics of dovkill. Until the new can be seen: noise, heat, radiation and other zabrudnennya.
- Mechanical. Zabrudnennya for additional accumulation of unutilized smіtta and vіdhodіv.
Most often, you can see the confusion collaborating among themselves, creating a complex problem, as it is necessary to overcome it.
Without constant gas exchange it is impossible to live any living thing on the planet. The atmosphere is a participant in the most manipulative natural processes. Won indicates the temperature of the earth, And at the same time with it, the climate, protecting the view of the cosmic climate, and also pouring into the relief.
Apparently, the chemical warehouse of the atmosphere was changed by the stretch of the earth's historical step. In our days, a situation has developed, if the warehouse of a part of the obligatory atmosphere is designated by wikis, creating a collection of industrial enterprises. For rahunok tsgogo warehouse is more heterogeneous and lie in geographic position. So, in the great industrial and densely populated city, which is located on the plains, instead of different houses, it is richly built, lower in the mountain village, residents of such a rural backyard in the strong state.
The main sources of chemical contamination of the atmosphere:
- Undertakings of chemical industry;
- PEC objects;
- Transport.
Due to the fluctuations of these factors, the atmosphere accumulates salts of important metals, such as mercury, copper, chromium and lead. On the right, it went to the point that stinks became constant elements of the chemical warehouse again in places, the main activity of such a work of great enterprises, important or chemical industry. For the navkolishnoї nature by the most safest enterprises of the very same galusi.
Chi varto say that in our days, power plants can release hundreds of tons of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, as well as ash, saw and soot. It is important that the great scourge of carbon dioxide is the main cause of global warming on the planet.
Mayzhe kozhna sіm'ya can be in a corystuvanny car. The place is filled with cars of different brands and models. Prote for sruchnist and freedom of transferring a fee: for the time being, near the places and other settlements, there were sharply increased in the place of different shkіdlivih speeches near the windows, where you can enter the warehouse of the engine flurry. Through different types of pollutants, additives in gasoline are dissolved in the air with half the lead, and are easily released into the atmosphere. Krіm tsyogo, avtomobilіl - tse dzherelo saw, brud and ash, yakі, osіdayuchi, zabrudnyuyut shche y ґrunt.
Blast gases are also strongly injected into the gas shell of the earth - by-products of the chemical industry. It’s easy to dispose of chemical plants, otherwise it’s not rich, but they still fluctuate into the atmosphere, for example, oxides of sulfur and nitrogen, cause black acid deposits and navіt can change the chemical warehouse again on the adjacent territory, atmosphere.
Also, the release of carbonic acid and fumes into the atmosphere is released by numerical forests and peat, which can be caused by both natural factors and anthropogenic activity.
The ground is called a thin ball of the lithosphere, which has become a result of exchange processes between living and non-living systems.
Most of these unsafe conditions fall on lead. It appears that the lead ore production process utilizes approximately 30 kg metal per skin ton. Also, your contribution is roiling and automobile swirls, in which there is a large amount of lead that settles in the soil. I'm destroying the natural blue in the ecosystem of the earth that has been formed. Until then, work in the mines is also carried out to the promotion of soil, zinc, and other non-safe metals.
Power plants, radioactive outputs from nuclear power plants and other nuclear facilities are one of the reasons why radioactive isotopes get into the ground.
Dodatkov’s concern is those who can consume all the transferred speeches and spoluky in the body of people with products grown on the soil, which will lead to a minimum to a decrease in immunity.
Unsafe skids near the water
The scale of the hydrosphere turbulence is much larger, but you can see it yourself. Spill naphtha, smіtya near the ocean of light - just the tip of the iceberg. The main її mass is attached to the glybins, or, to be more precise, spread by the water. The catastrophic turbulence of the waters is the cause of the great shkodi sacks.
Prote water is prone to wandering and from natural causes. As a result of mudflows and floods from the soil of the continents, magnesium is released, which is drained into the ocean, through which the shkodi yogo bagmen get in. Ale natural zabrudnennya - tse meager part, yakshcho porіvnyuvat scales dії s anthropogenic.
Through human activity at the waters of the Light Ocean they drink:
Dzherelo zabrudnennya - fishermen's ships, great farming states, oil platforms, shoe resources near the shelf zone, hydroelectric power stations, chemical industry facilities, as well as sewage effluents.
Acid boards, the result of anthropogenic activity, plunging into the soil, break up the soil and mimic the salts of important metals, like, after drinking near the water, they exfoliate.
Also, there is physical pollution of the water, specifically - thermal. Enormous obsyagi lead to stop at the process of generating electricity, for example, for cooling turbines. And if the motherland is reclaimed, which raises the temperature, it is disposed of near the water basin.
Also, the water quality can be aggravated through її zabrudnennya by butovy entrances in settlements. It is detrimentally signified on flora and fauna by water and can lead to extinction of many species. The guardian led in the wake of the confusion of us in front of the pov'yazanі z everyday life of the daily cleansing disputes.
Ways to fight іz zabrudnennyam dovkіllya
Tsya problem may be the first for all the world. One by one, the strongest power is not in a position to run into such tasks. Nature has no sovereign cordonies, the planet Earth is our sleepy house, which means that a turbot about a new one, a pidtrimka in a new order is our sleepy and most important shoe language. It is possible to protect our planet with less sleepy zusils.
In order to start or reduce the wiki in the middle of the toxic speeches, follow the suvori sanctions to the enterprises, like the wiki give the entry in the nexus of the middle, and also prostrate for the introductions of the saints. Krіm tsgogo, goiter yazati pіdpriєmstva, scho emit gases into the atmosphere, install filters, scho reduce the number of slugs of rubbish speeches in the air. It is necessary for all the powers to impose large fines for the overpayment of debts at the places that were not taken into account, as, for example, it was successfully smashed in Singapore.
Yakі sled vykoristati
It is necessary for us to remember that the zabrudnennya of the natural environment and the healthy people lie. In a nutshell, the worse the environmental situation, the greater the number of sick people. Were you aware that in the last hour there was more information about oncological illness? This fact is also related to the deplorable environmental situation on the planet. The earth is our booth, її the defense of that defense is the task of our skin. In order not to post a picture for the future, as a better way to illustrate books in the post-apocalyptic genre, we need to unite the science in the mission to improve the environmental situation on the planet. Together we chained strength.
As a result of anthropogenic activity, the middle ground is now engulfed by the zabrudnennya of various species. The whole point is not only influencing the life of people, but also in the climate, flora, fauna, which produce up to summative heritage. Mostly dzherelo zabrudnennya - tse wines go people:
- cars;
- power plants;
- nuclear bullet;
- promissory undertaking;
- chemical speeches.
Everything that may not be natural, but piece-wise, pours into the health of people that ecology is scorched. Navit objects of the first need, such as wearing that clothes, at the same time can not do without innovative developments from the accumulation of chemical speeches.
On this day, anonymous machines and technical devices have been found that make noise with their robots. Tse transport and special equipment, possession of enterprises and a lot of other things. As a result, cars, trains, and people see the majestic number of sounds that sound like people's ears and creatures. Also, unacceptable noises can be seen as a natural path - thunderstorms, volcanoes, hurricanes. All this calls out to the sound confusion and pours into the health of people, calls out head pain, problems with the cardiovascular system and problems with the auditory apparatus. Use the cream to your hearing, you can cause a stroke or a heart attack.
Atmospheric confusion
Today, a large number of wikis and greenhouse gases enter the atmosphere. Most of the time, the exhaust gases of cars are becoming more and more frequent, and there are more passenger cars in the places with leather rock. One more thing dzherelo zabrudnennya atmosphere - tse industrial enterprises:
- naphthochemicals;
- metallurgical;
- cement;
- energy
- coal shoes.
As a result of the confusion, the ozone ball of the Earth is collapsing, which protects the surface from direct sleepy changes. Pogіrshuєtsya become ecology zahal, shards of the molecule sour the necessary life processes of us living organisms.
Congestion of hydrosphere and lithosphere
Confusion driving the soil is another global problem. The war has reached such a scale that not only rivers and lakes, but also seas and oceans, have come to the inaccessible camp. The most unsafe dzherel dzherel zabrudnennya water like this:
- stіchnі vody - pobutovі and promislovі;
- Wikid smіtya to the river;
- bottling of petroleum products;
- hydroelectric power plants and rowing.
The earth is zabrudnyuetsya water, and agrochemicals, products of industrial enterprises. A particular problem is posed by smіtєvalishcha and polygons, as well as the burial of radioactive speeches.
- introductory lesson without cost;
- There is a large number of reports of vikladachivs (natives and Russians);
- Kursi DO NOT use the term (month, pіvroku, rіk), but take it in a specific amount (5, 10, 20, 50);
- Over 10,000 satisfied customers.
- Varity of one occupation with a Russian speaker 600 rubles, with the nose of the movie from 1500 rubles
See the confusion of dovkil
The simplest sign of zabrudnennya is the introduction in the middle of viniknennya in nіy new zabrudnjuvachіv chi the natural average long-term equalization of these zabrudnyavіvachіv.
From ecological positions, it is not easy to introduce foreign components into the environment, but to bring them into the ecosystem. Some of them are chemically active and constructive in interaction with molecules, which can enter the warehouse of tissues of living organisms or actively oxidize on the surface. Such speeches are cut off to all living things.
The zabrudnennya navkolishnyy middle ground is subdivided into natural, viklikana by some natural causes: volcanic eruptions, breaking of the earth's crust, spontaneous fires, storms, etc., that is anthropogenic, which blames the connection with the government's activity of people.
In the midst of anthropogenic confusion, one sees such confusion: physical, mechanical, biological, geological, chemical.
To physical confusion bring thermal (thermal), light, noise, vibration, electromagnet, ionizing zabrudnennya.
Dzherelami raising the temperature of the soil and underground life, laying communications. The temperature rise of the soil stimulates the activity of microorganisms, as agents of corrosion of various communications.
Svіtlove zabrudnennya - Damage to the natural lightening of the middle. Lead to the disruption of the rhythms of the activity of living organisms. The increase in water calamity in water objects reduces the amount of dormouse light at the depth and photosynthesis of waterweed.
Shumov zabrudnennya . Sound- like a physical manifestation, it’s a fluffy rush of a springy middle. Noise - all kinds of sounds that zavazhayut priynyattu brown sounds or break the silence. The sound frequency range, which captures the voice of a person, becomes from 16 to 20,000 Hz. Sound waves with a frequency below 20 Hz are called infrasonic, more than 20000 - ultrasonic.
Thickness to sound lie in the amplitude of the sound waves. Zvukova diya evaluate the sound intensity (rіven noise), how to numerically express decibels (dB).
Dzherelami noise є all types of transport, industrial enterprises, butovy tekhnіka іn. With strained dzherelami noise є aeroporti, the biggest noise is made by airs for an hour of zlotu. Intense noise creates railroad transport. Living quarters have a large number of noises: elevators, fans, pumps, televisions, walkers, etc.
Noise negatively affects health. It is especially important to transfer raptovі sharp sounds of high frequency. When equal to the noise over 90 dB, there is progressively weakened hearing, ailment of the nervous, cardiovascular system, mental disorders and others.
Especially suttєvі naslіdki infusing infrasound and ultrasound. Infrasound causes resonance in various internal organs of a person, the nerves, the functional state of the nervous system, internal organs are disrupted, and the nervous system is disturbed.
Vibrating confusion - due to acoustic colivans of low frequencies and infrasonic colivans. Dzherelami infrasonic colivan and tied with them vibrationsє compressors, pumping stations, fans, vibrators, air conditioners, cooling towers, turbines of diesel power plants. The vibrations are expanded by the metal structures possessed and through them they reach the foundations of the huge and residential buildings, are transferred to the fenced structures of the surrounding areas.
Vibrations negatively pour into people, cry out for a dramatic action and a shift in work and change. When transmitting vibrations, there is an uneven settling of the foundations and the foundations, which can lead to deformation and destruction of engineering disputes.
Electromagnetic confusion . The development of power engineering, electronics and radio engineering viklikav zabrudnennya navkolishny medium electromagnetic fields. Head їх dzherelami є power stations and substations, television and radar stations, high-voltage lines of power transmission, electric transport and іn.
Peace infusion Electromagnetic fields - field strength. The fields of increased tension negatively pour into the body of a person, calling out the disorder of the nervous system, head pain, drowsiness, development of neurosis, sleeplessness.
Іonіzuyuche vipromіnuvannya – this is the same way of vipromonition, the interaction of which with the middle substance to lead to the resolution of ions (positively and negatively charged particles) from neutral atoms and molecules. Razrіznyayut kіlka vidіv іonіzuyuchy vipromіuvannya.
Gamma-modulation There is a flow of electromagnetic winds, a high penetrating building, the width of the yogo is close to the lightness of light. At the surface, you can expand for hundreds of meters, freely pass through the body of a person and other organisms.
Beta-Viprominue- Storing the flow of negatively charged particles - electrons, penetrating into the ground for a few meters, and in living tissues and water for a few millimeters.
Alpha viprominuvannya - e then the flow of positively charged particles (nuclei of atoms in helium), their penetrating property is small, and the ionizing property is great, that the most troublesome stench is to become at once consumed in the middle of the body.
Injection of ionizuyuchogo prominence on a person to bring to yogo prominence. Kilkisnoy assessment of ionization to the body dose prominence. Confirmed dose- all the energy of radiation is clayed by the loneliness of the mass of the body, which is to be changed. Alone in the death of a clayed dose є gray.
Under the influx of ionizing prominence, speech ionization occurs in the body on the molecular level, causing strong changes (deposit in the dose of prominence) in the clitin nuclei, disrupting their normal functioning.
Razrіznyayut promіnennya out of the blue, if it's too much trouble to know the posture by the body and internal if it’s too much trouble to be found in the middle of the body, drinking water, water, even medical preparations.
Until the middle of the 20th century, the main natural dzherela - cosmic exchanges and mountain breeds. Aletodays equal radiation significantly increased, reaching the highest values in the areas of uranium ore deposits, radioactive slates, phosphorites, and crystalline rocks.
Nine dzherela radioactive viprominuvannya, created by human beings, took on the rise of the natural radiation background.
Doses of the popula- tion in the natural gerel lie in the height of the place above the sea level, geological territory. For the meshkants of the mountain regions, the riven is omitted in the form of space industry growth. Aircraft crews and passengers, who often fly at heights of 8-11 km, can take significant doses of radiation.
Dose adjustments in natural environments may be viklikane for everyday life, expensive or planned areas of life materials with a high content of radionuclides.
Unsafe natural gas radon. This is a radioactive gas, a product of radioactive decay of radium and thorium. It has been shown that all continents have rich hosts of vines. The wines come from the mountainous foundations of the foundations of the bud and spores and accumulate near the basements and the first surfaces, especially with their insufficient ventilation, and also through the cracks, the slits near the walls and the ceilings come on the other surfaces. Dzherelami radon also є budіvelnі materials, z yakіh zbudovani budіvlі ta sporudi.
Dzherela radioactive viprominuvannya, created by people.
Radiation aerosols, who enter the atmosphere under the hour of testing nuclear weapons, regardless of those who are trying to test nuclear weapons, it is soon after 50 - 60 years of the XX century, on the surface of the Earth continue to come from the stratosphere, long-lived radionuclides, with accumulating radionuclides, with
Dzherela ionizuyuchy viprominuvannya vikoristovuyut at rich accessories, established by the people's state, civil defense, everyday life, long-term goals, too.
Let's expand the necklineє medical procedures (especially radiological obstezhennya). Doses oprominennya rich in what lie in the qualifications of the staff that will become obladnannya.
Nuclear energy robit іstotny vnesok in pіdvischennya radіatsіynogo background: when skladuvannі vіdhodіv scho utvoryuyutsya at vidobuvannі that zbagachennі uranium ores virobnitstvі Nuclear Fuel type when pohovannі vіdpratsovanogo Nuclear Fuel type i vіdsluzhilo termіn ekspluatatsії obladnannya AEC, ale naybіlshu nebezpeku stanovlyat avarії on atomic elektrostantsіyah.
As a result of the accident at the Chornobyl nuclear power plant (which is considered to be the largest man-made disaster in the history of humankind), significant territories have become radioactively zabrudnennya, both in our country and beyond the cordon. Over 500 radionuclides were released into the atmosphere near the Wikidium warehouse during different periods. Radiation decay near the accident site a thousand times outweighed the natural radiation decay, which made necessary the resettlement of migrants near the districts.
Mechanically confused - Contamination of the middle with materials that give more than a mechanical inflow without chemical traces. Butts can be used: mulling water objects with soil, sawing into the atmosphere, a place of wakeful death on land. At first glance, such a confusion can appear innocent, but it can also eliminate low environmental problems, usunennya some vimagatima of significant economic costs.
Biological confusion podіlyayat on bacterial and organic. Bacterial Contamination - the introduction of disease-causing micro-organisms into the environment, which can spread the disease, for example, hepatitis, cholera, dysentery and other diseases.
Jerels can be insufficiently contaminated with sewage water, which are thrown off at the water object.
Organic confusion - zabrudnennya, for example, the water middle of the rivers, built up to the ford, rot: the exits of grubs, cellulose-paper mills, not cleaned sewerage waste waters.
To biological confusion is also brought resettlement of creatures new ecosystems, de vidsutnі їhnі natural foes. Such a resettlement can be brought to a vibration-like increase in the number of resettlement creatures mothers of non-transferable heritage.
Geological confusion - Stimulation under the influx of activity of people of such geological processes, like flooding, drainage of territories, stabilization of landslides, landslides, subsidence of the earth's surface, etc.
Such damage occurs in the wake of the appearance of brown copalins, life, winds of water and sewage waters from communications, in the wake of vibrations of transport and other inflows. It is necessary to inject the need to protect the hour of designing in everyday life (selection of rozrachunk characteristics of soils, in rozrachunka stamina and sporud).
Chemical contamination - Changes in the natural chemical powers of the middle ground as a result of vicissitudes of industrial enterprises, transport, and the state power of various workers. For example, weed into the atmosphere the products of the burning of carbohydrate fires, the fermentation of soils with pesticides, the discharge of untreated sewage waters near the reservoir. One of the most safe contaminants are important metals and synthetic organic materials.
Heavy metal - chemical elements that can hold high strength
(> 8 g / cm3), for example, lead, tin, cadmium, mercury, chromium, copper, zinc and tin, stinks are widely used in industry and even toxic. These ions and deacons are easily dispersed in the water, they can be ingested into the body and put pressure on a new negative infusion. The main dzherelami vіdkhodіv, scho mіstâ vаkі metal, є pіdpriyomstva zі enrichment of ores, smelting and processing of metals, galvanіchnі virobnitstva.
Synthetic organic materials are vicarious for plastics, synthetic fibers, retailers, farb, pesticides, mild agents, can be invaded by living organisms and disrupt their functionality.
Important materials and richly synthetic organic materials from buildings to bioaccumulation. Bioaccumulation- Tse accumulation of zabrudnjuvachіv in living organisms in case of suppuration from the normal medium in small doses, which are given by small doses.
Bioaccumulation is aggravated by the fry lance, tobto. herbaceous organisms acquire zabrudnyuvachi from the calf's midst and accumulate them in their organs, herbivorous creatures, eating grassland, take large doses, huts - even more doses. As a result, in living organisms, which stand like a grub lansyug, the concentration of fermenters can be hundreds of thousands of times greater, lower in the old middle. Such an accumulation of speech is called bioconcentration.
Nebezpeka bioaccumulation and bioconcentration became a sight in 60 years, if they showed a rapid population of rich birds, creatures that stand like a grub lancet.
