Bacteriological method for diagnosing the meta stage. Bacteriological methods
The cultural (bacteriological) method of follow-up is a combination of methods directing the observation and identification of pure cultures of microorganisms (bacteria) for additional cultivation on life-giving mediums.
A pure culture is a collection of microorganism in one species. Most often, a pure culture is taken off with a path of selection and cultivation of an isolated colony (a spread of one microbial cell).
Steps to the method:
1. Pick up the material for follow-up.
2. Vision of pure culture and identification.
3. Visnovok.
Pick up the material for follow-up. The type of material to be deposited depends on the type of investigation (diagnosis - in the case of an ailing person; epidural analysis - from the sane middle, food products, ailing and (or) bacterionosity).
Vision of pure culture. Includes 3 or 4 stages:
1. Inoculation of the material (after anterior microscopy) on a dish with a thin life-giving medium (rather differential-diagnostic or selective) with the method of isolating colonies. It is most often vibrated by the method of mechanical rosette. In some cases (for example, shelter), the material is sown in front of a rare medium, enriched with advance transfers to a cup with agar medium. Sometimes, prior to planting, selective processing of the material is carried out (to improve the power of the microorganism, which is seen; for example, processing with acid is the best way to see resistant bacteria). Cultivate at a temperature of 37 ° C for 18-24 years. An hour of cultivation for different types of bacteria can be cumulative.
2(3): a) growing colonies on agar plates (cultural marks), most typical; b) preparation of smears from these colonies from infections (for Gram or other methods); a) incorporation of an excess of settled colony on the middle of the accumulation and growth in the thermostat at the optimum temperature.
3(4). Vivchennya purity culture, otrimanoї average accumulation. For the price
using a method to prepare a smear, farbuyut (often for Gram), microscopically weave
morphological and tinctorial homogeneity (in different fields zoru).
4(5). Identification of pure culture.
Visnovok. For the consistency, the sign of the similarity with the power of the reference (typical) strains is indicated by the type of microorganism seen from the material.
Evaluation of the method:
advantages: clearly high sensitivity and accuracy, the ability to determine the number of microbes in the analyzed material, as well as sensitivity to antibiotics; shortfalls: visible trivality, the method is expensive.
21. Living medium for aerobes and anaerobes. Vimogi to the middle of life, classification.
Wimogi:
1. middlings of guilt but life
2. owe to mother pevn ph
3. Mayut be isotonic, tobto. the osmotic vice in the middle is to blame, but it is the same as in the klitz.
4. guilty butiological and not overly rare
5. blame
6. must be sterile
7. to be unified, tobto. vengeance post_yni kіlkosti okremih іngredієntіv.
The life of the middle can be added:
A) For trips:
1) natural - natural food products (meat, milk, potatoes);
2) pieces - specially prepared for the cultivation of microbes: - media from natural products (meat water, meat peptone broth (MPB), m'ya peptone agar (MPA), - so as not to linger in a permanent warehouse; - synthetic life-sustaining media - retail strictly equal quantities of salts, amino acids, nitrogenous bases, vitamins in distilled water - may have a permanent warehouse, which are vicarious for growing microorganism and cultures of clitin with the withdrawal of vaccines, immune syrups and antibiotics;
B) For recognition:
1) wild recognition (MPB, MPA) - they grow more microbes;
2) selective - vibrating the growth of one type of microbes from sumish (for example, zhovtkovo-salt agar for staphylococci);
TOPIC: Sterilization, asepsis, antisepsis, disinfection.
Principles, methods of cultivation of microorganism and observation of pure cultures.
Bacteriological follow-up method. 1 stage.
1. Familiarize yourself with the main methods of disinfection and sterilization, which are used in microbiology and medicine.
2. Know the peculiarities of the metabolism of microorganism, the principles of their cultivation in laboratory minds.
3. Investigate the 1st stage of the bacteriological method for diagnosing infectious diseases.
1. Methods, application and modes of sterilization of life-giving media, laboratory glassware, medical instruments.
2. Main groups of disinfectants, mechanisms of their action, area and method of infection.
3. Appointment of life-giving media in microbiological practice.
4. The principle of the adoption of pure cultures of microorganism and the significance of the bacteriological method as the "gold standard" in the diagnosis of infectious diseases.
5. Meta and sequence of the 1st stage of the bacteriological method of seeing pure cultures of microorganism.
1. Choose your own, the mode of sterilization and disinfection is appropriate until specific dates.
2. Describe the proponated life-giving medium, which is stagnant in microbiological practice.
3. Carry out the 1st stage of the bacteriological method of visualization of pure cultures of aerobic microorganisms.
Control nutrition:
1. Bacteriostatic and bactericidal control of low and high temperatures on microorganisms.
2. Influx of chemical speeches of various classes on microorganism. Antiseptics and disinfectants.
3. Concepts: sterilization, disinfection, asepsis, antisepsis.
4. Methods, equipment and modes of sterilization, their choice depending on the authority of the object that is being sterilized.
5. Main groups of disinfectants and tactics of their congestion in LPZ.
6. The principle of the method of cultivation of microorganisms.
7. Life of the middle: understanding; wimogi before them; classification.
8. Understanding about the species, strain, colony, pure culture of microorganism.
9. The essence of the bacteriological method in that sphere of yoga research.
10. Meta and sequence of observation of the 1st stage of bacteriological method of observation of aerobics.
Tasks that are counted for the busy hour (UIRS):
1. Familiarize yourself with the accessories that are used for sterilization in medical and microbiological practice: steam sterilizer (autoclave), Pasteur's oven.
2. Choose accessories and sterilization modes for life-giving media, laboratory glassware, medical instruments.
3. Be aware of the disinfectants that are used in medical and microbiological practice. Select disinfectant and disinfectant mode for proponated objects.
4. Familiarize yourself with various life-giving mediums that are used in microbiological practice, give their characteristics for storage, consistency, and recognition.
5. Carry out the 1st stage of the bacteriological method of seeing pure cultures of aerobes:
5.1. To prepare a fixation preparation from the studied material, to prepare for Gram, to carry out the identification of microorganism manifestations for morphological and tinctorial powers.
5.2. Follow up the material using the “stroke from the maydanchik” method.
5.3. Posіyati doslіdzhuvannya material by Drigalsky's method (demonstration).
6. Familiarize yourself with a set of tools for taking and transporting pathological materials.
Methodical statements before the end of the final task:
1. Familiarization with accessories that are used for sterilization: steam sterilizer (autoclave), Pasteur's oven.
1.1. Steam sterilizer (autoclave) – steam sterilization under a vise.
The most advanced and universal method of sterilization in medical and microbiological practice is steam sterilization under a vice. They vibrate in an autoclave, in a way that objects that are sterilized are heated with a rich steam under the pressure of atmospheric pressure. Between the readings of the pressure gauge and the temperature of the increased steam, there is an onset of staleness:
With a zero vise, a normal atmospheric vise (760 mm Hg) is taken into account.
Sterilization can only be achieved if the autoclave is properly maintained and operated by specially trained personnel. Therefore, a constant monitoring of the sterilization regime is necessary, which is carried out by physical (maximum thermometer and in.), Biological (biotest with spores of microorganism test cultures) and chemical (chemical tests, type IC indicators) methods.
The control of the sterilization mode of autoclaves is carried out by a chemical method under the hour of skin exposure of the autoclave. Chemical test - a glass tube with a chemical rechovina, which can measure the melting point: antipyrine, resorcinol - 110 ± 1 °, benzoic acid - 120 ± 2 °, benzamide - 126 ± 1 °, sechovin, nicotinamide, D (+)-mannose - 13±2°. To the warehouse of chemical tests, introduce an aniline barvnik (magenta, gentian violet and other), which evenly zabarvlyuє speech during yogo melting. In Denmark, most of the time, indicators of type ІС (firm "Vinar", Russia) are most commonly used, which represent the wife of a paper and put on it with a ball of indicator sum that signs for operational visual control not only of temperature, but of the hour of sterilization (ІС-120, ІС-132 ) . Quarterly control of the sterilization regimen is carried out with vicarious biotest and test-culture spores Bacillus stearotermophilus BKM B-718
1.2. Pecti Pasteur - dry heat sterilization.
At the Pasteur oven, they are sterilized with steel wool, metal and gum based on silicone rubber. Sterilization mode: 160 ° C - 150 minutes; 180 ° C - 60 min. Control of the skin cycle sterilization regimen is based on additional indicators of sterilization ІС-160, ІС-180; quarterly - with victorious biotest with spores of test-culture Bacillus licheniformis PCS. G BKM B-1711
2. Save at home table number 1.
Table 1
Sterilization
3. Get familiar with disinfectants and remember busy table No. 2, vikoristovuyuchi appendages No. 1, 2.
Table 2
Disinfection
4. Familiarize yourself with the life-giving mediums and remember busy table No. 3 "Life in the middle".
Table 3
5. Clinical microbiology as a division of medical microbiology defies two main tasks: etiological diagnosis of infectious disease and rational choice of etiotropic therapy.
The main method of microbiological diagnostics, which allows you to virishiti tsі zavdannya, є bacteriological method. The essence of the bacteriological method is based on the observation of a pure culture of the viper, due to its sensitivity to antimicrobial preparations.
Selection of the finished material lie in the form of illness and the most important localization of the disease at the singing stage of development (pathogenesis). The material can be blood, liquor, early discharge, sputum, deformity, cutting, etc. The technique for taking the material may be of great importance for obtaining a reliable result.
The success of the vision of pure culture is determined by the correctness the choice of a life-giving medium and the minds of cultivation. There is no universal life-giving medium, vikoristannya to allow seeing whether micro-organisms from any existing material. Therefore, in order to improve the physiological features of the possible ill health, the material should be planted on the living room of the middle or the complex of the living middle (special, elective, differential diagnostic). For certain microorganisms, it is necessary to have a special mind and cultivation (anaerobic, microaerophilic, with the introduction of carbonic acid).
Pathological material in the case of an ailing person often leads to the summation of microorganisms. At zv'yazku z zim zavdannyam є їх roses'єdnannya that removal of isolated colonies. The colony was isolated, as a result of the multiplication of one microbial cell and which is formed from one type of cell, the basis of the development of pure culture. In microbiological practice, vicorist has different methods for isolating colonies. Most often vikoristovuyutsya like this:
1. Sending the final material by the method of "stroke іz maidanchik"– the final material is applied to the surface of the slit life-giving medium on the fenced space, and then spread along the sowing path with partial parallel strokes.
2. Drigalsky method- material, applied to the pershu cup with a life-giving medium and applied for an additional spatula, sequentially sowed with the same spatula, without sterilizing it for 1-2 cups.
3. Method of sectoral settlements- The final material is sown with one loop sequentially on a sprat of sectors. At tsomu pevna tekhnіka sivu (method gould) allows not only to eliminate the isolation of the colony, but also to determine the number of microorganisms in 1 ml (g) of the added material, which may be significant in the assessment of the etiological role of mentally pathogenic microorganisms (MPM).
5.1. Carrying out the 1st stage of the bacteriological method for the observation of aerobics:
Prepare a fixation preparation from the collected material, use the Gram method, microscopy, identify the manifestations of microorganisms for morpho-tinctorial powers; Give respect to the number of microorganism. Record the results of the protocol and make a visnovok;
· put the finishing material on half a cup with a heart-shaped life-giving medium using the “stroke from a maidan” method;
· put additional material on three cups with a life-giving medium using the Drigalsky method (demonstration);
Sign the cups, indicating the date of sowing, and place them upside down at the thermostat at a normal temperature of 37 ° for 18-24 years.
6. Arrangements for the collection and delivery of pathological material
Note: * - vicorist at a time, as the term for delivery of the material to the laboratory after revisiting 1.5-2 years.
Nutrition for self-control:
1. Name and outline the principles of cultivation of microorganisms.
2. Why, in case of sivbі pathological material, there are selective, differential-diagnostic media and media accumulation.
3. Reveal the principle of the elimination of pure microorganism cultures.
4. Why is the bacteriological method the “gold standard” for microbiological diagnostics of infectious diseases?
5. Why are chemical and biological methods of obtaining pure cultures of microorganisms grounded?
6. Why do you prefer sterilization as a disinfectant?
7. Explain the recognition of sterilization and disinfection in microbiological and medical practice.
8. Obgruntuyut the priority of the choice of thermoindicator systems under the control of the sterilization mode (on the butt of the indicator ІC of the company "Vinar", Russia).
Literature:
Assistants:
1. Borisov L. B. Medical microbiology, virology, immunology. - M.: TOV "MIA", 2002. - S. 26-29, 63-66, 150-159.
2. Pozdєєv O. K. Medical microbiology / Ed. acad. RAMS V.I. Pokrovsky. - M: GEOTAR Medicine, 2001. - S. 76-77, 126-130, 253-265.
Dodatkov literature:
1. Safety of robots with microorganisms III - IV groups of pathogenicity and helminths: Sanitary rules. - M.: Federal Center for Health and Epidemiological Monitoring of the Ministry of Health of Russia, 1999. - 107p.
Lectures on microbiology.
Testi.
Bacteriological (cultural) method
a combination of methods of piece cultivation of microorganisms on life-giving media with the method of their identification in the case of an established d-for infectious disease, or another process caused by microbes and the designation of low physiological sv-in k-ri. goals, for example, when choosing a chemotherapy drug. Modern methods of growing more biol. St. in bacteria can be less for obviousness pure k-ri(Div.). Contamination to-ri іn. type of microbes, as a rule, led to the creation of results and the wrong vysnovka. For this, the head of B.m. є otrimannya pure to-ri be-what kind (vara) of microbial associations and pre-contamination by third-party microflora material for the follow-up of that microbial to-ri at all stages of follow-up. It is possible when taking the material in sterile sinks from sterile dishes, placing the material in sterile media with a sterile instrument, preventing microbes from getting in again during the delivery process, taking that material incubation and inoculation of living media. Another manager B.M. - identification of microbes(div.) seen pure to-ri, the third - the designation of additive saints, for example, sensitivity to antibiotics, virulence. Steps B.m.: 1) pick up the material (div. Materials for follow-up) that yoga delivery in bacteria. laboratory; 2) microscopy material (div. Bacterioscopic method). This stage is often not victorious, although, regardless of less sensitivity, anterior microscopy in a row vypadkіv gives orientation information about the wake-up call and allows you to choose the necessary information about the middle; 3) literal translation. physical material. chi chem. factors for the method of vidallennya chi zmenshennya 3rd party microflora. The whole world stagnates, for example, with prolonged sputum, seeing acid-resistant and spore-forming microbes; 4) posіv іsl. material (div. Posіvi bacteriological) on the living quarters for the possession of isolated colonies; 5) incubation of seedlings of living mediums. The terms and temperature of incubation lie down according to the pre-batch species belonging to the k-ry. Start vibrating the thermostat at 37°C for 1-2 days. As a matter of course, the term of incubation can be extended for 2-3 days. With more trials of incubation, it is necessary to avoid the hanging of the medium, for which it is placed in a desiccator with water, or the stoppers of the test tubes are filled with paraffin; 6) follow-up colonies(Div.). For vegetation, select uniform isolated colonies, which are spread far from the edges of the cup and with a stroke of the loop, leave them with rice, number them. If the follow-up is carried out in an undirected way (polyetiological process and in.), then on the basis of the results of a visual examination, select 2-3 colonies of all types that are visible on the cup and make smears from them; 7) transfer from selected colonies to the accumulation medium. For this, an excess of a colony, in a smear, it is more uniform for the shape of that infected bacteria, a loop, trying not to catch a sudo colony, take a part of the colony and sow on bevels in MPA samples or a special middle stroke; 8) incubation of cases at the thermostat until the appearance of a succumbing growth (call 1-2 days); 9) designation of the purity of the virus on the beveled middles to-ri with a macroscopic look at the growth and microscopy of a smear from a new one; 10) Identification of the seen clean to-ri and at different times of consumption (for the help of a clinician, epidemiologist) the appointment of different biol. sv-in; 11) vysnovok about the species affiliation of the seen k-ri and її sv-vah. Visnovok is given on an official form with a request for a number, under the crimace of the k-ra is listed in the laboratory journal. B.M. є the main bacterium in d-tsi. infections. Vіn, as a rule, has a high sensitivity, which allows you to see s, іsl. the material is pure to-ru, to instill even in a sufficient dose the material was given a sprinkling of dozens of specialties. For B.M. characterized by high specificity. Seeing these different types of bacteria from pathological material for the study of low minds (div. Ailment alarm) Nadiano establishes the etiology of the pathological process. Vignatok to become mentally pathogenic autochthonous for that chi іnshoy biotope of bacteria for the purpose of etіol. The role of these was taken by the need for special criteria, as well as the separation of nose and sickness (for example, diphtheria nose with streptococcal angina). Value B.m. I also believe in the fact that, with this help, St.-va can be installed, which are necessary for the recognition of chemotherapy, serotherapy, the manifestation of the cause of infection, and the mechanisms of transmission of the alarm, the choice of anti-epidemic approaches. Zreshtoyu, B.m. to be brought to early methods of d-ki. Nedolіki B. m. Reliable data about the warehouse of microflora and її sv-vah can be taken only if the final selection is 3-10 kr.
The study of bacteria can be of great practical importance for people. On this day, a large number of prokaryotes have been revealed, as they are distinguished one by one for pathogenicity, breadth, shape, size, number of flagella and other parameters. In order to examine in detail the strains, the bacteriological method of follow-up is established.
What methods of cleaning?
In order to determine, chi є pathogenic bacteria, carry out follow-up culture in different ways. Among them:
1. Bacterioscopic method.
2. Bacteriological method.
3. Biological method.
Bacterioscopic and bacteriological foundations are directly based on robots with clitins of prokaryotes, if biological analysis is necessary for the injection of such clitins on the living organism of the next few creatures. After the stage of manifestation of quieter signs of infection, you can grow whiskers about the presence or presence of pathogenic bacteria in samples, as well as naturally multiply them in the organism of creatures for their cultivation and in other robots.
The bacteriological method is considered as a bacterioscopic method. The first one has a specially prepared culture of living prokaryotes for analysis, while the other one has to work with dead or live cells on the subject surface.
Stages of bacteriological follow-up method. Microbiology
The principle of increasing the power of bacterial culture can become useful in the near future, both for scientists-microbiologists, as well as for laboratory assistants, the task of establishing pathogenicity or non-pathogenicity of bacteria, and then for diagnosing patients.
The method of culturing bacteria is divided into three stages:
1. Observation of bacteria from the primary sample.
2. Vysіvannya bacteria and viroshchuvannya vvchennya її dominion.
First stage
The sample or smear is taken from the surface of the medium or from the patient. In this rank, we take a "cocktail" of rich bacteria, as if we were guilty of hanging on the life-giving medium. Sometimes it is possible to see the necessary bacteria, knowing their midpoints in the organism.
After two or three dobi, the necessary colonies are picked up and hang on the hard middle of the Petri dishes behind the help of a sterile loop. At rich laboratories, they work with test tubes, where it can be hard, or rarely a life-giving center. This is how the bacteriological method for the follow-up of microbiology is carried out.
Another stage
After sampling a few colonies of bacteria, a non-intermediate macro- and microanalysis is carried out. All parameters of the colonies are controlled, the color and form of the skin are determined. It is not uncommon to carry out colonization of colonies on Petr's cups, that is, in the outer material. Tse may be significant in the analysis of pathogenic bacteria, for example, to lie down the stages of infection.
The bacteriological method is followed up, the 2nd stage of which is more effective in the inoculation of several colonies of microorganism, may be related to the analysis of bacteria in a biological way. Another meta work at this stage is to increase the amount of output material. You can work on a life-giving medium, or you can conduct an experiment with natural minds on living, living organisms. Pathogenic bacteria will multiply, and as a result of blood mistime, millions of cells of prokaryotes. From the taken blood it is easy to prepare the necessary working material of bacteria.
Third stage
The most important part of the study is the determination of morphological, biochemical, toxigenic and antigenic powers of bacterial culture. The work is carried out with the help of “purified” cultures on the life-giving medium, as well as with preparations (often infused) under a microscope.
Establish the relevance of pathogenic or mentally pathogenic bacteria to the third systematic group, and also determine their resistance to the limit, allowing the bacteriological method of further investigation. Stage 3 - antibiotics, tobto. analysis of the behavior of bacterial cells in the minds of drugs instead of drugs in the nascent medium.
Upgrading the stability of a culture to an antibiotic may be of practical importance, if it is necessary to prescribe necessary drugs for a particular patient, and smut drugs. Here you can help the bacteriological method of follow-up.
What is the life-giving center?
For development, that reproduction of the bacteria is due to be found in the distant preparations of the living environments. For the consistency, the stench can be rare or hard, and for the adventures - growing or creatures.
The main vimogi to the life-giving mediums:
1. Sterility.
2. Maximum transparency.
3. Optimal indicators of acidity, water activity and other biological values.
Removal of isolated colonies
1. Drigalsky method. Vіn the fact that a smear with different types of microorganism is applied to the bacterial loop. Pass the loop through the first Petri dish with the life-giving medium. Then, without changing the loop, use the method of excess material to carry out on another and third Petri dishes. So, on the rest of the colonies of bacteria, it is not necessary to grow very well, it will be possible for them to know the necessary conditions for robotic bacteria.
2. Koch's method. At the new vicorist there are test tubes with melted life-giving medium. A loop or a pipette with a smear of bacteria is placed there, after which, instead of a test tube, it wiggles onto a special plate. Agar (or gelatin) catches up in an hour, and in yoga it is easy to see the necessary colonies of cells. It is important to spread the sum of bacteria in the test tubes before the cob, so that the concentration of microorganisms will be even greater.
Stages of such a foundation on the seen necessary culture of microbes cannot be done without these two methods for the isolation of colonies.
Antibioticogram
Visually, the response of bacteria to drugs can be measured in two practical ways:
1. Method of paper disks.
2. Breeding of bacteria and antibiotics in the native medium.
The method of paper discs improves the visibility of the culture of microorganism, as it was grown on a solid vitalizing medium. On such a middle place put a sprat of papirts in a rounded shape, soaked with antibiotics. As a result, the drug successfully copes with the neutralization of bacterial cells, after such a harvest, the litter becomes empty, the colonies are spared. If the reaction to the antibiotic is negative, the bacteria will survive.
At a time of victoria, a rare life-giving medium, a sprat of test tubes with a culture of bacteria of various stages of breeding is prepared. Add antibiotics to the sample tubes and keep watching for the process of interaction between speech and microorganisms. It’s safe to see an antibioticogram, which can be used to judge the effectiveness of the drug for this culture.
Main tasks of analysis
Here they are rehabilitated for the points of the goal and the stage of the bacteriological method of follow-up.
1. Take away the material, which is victorious to see the colonies of bacteria. You can also use a smear from the surface of an object, a mucous membrane or an empty organ of a person, a blood test.
2. on a solid life-giving medium. After 24-48 years, colonies of bacteria of various species can be found on the Petri dish. Vіdbiraemo for morphological and / or biochemical criteria, I will need and carry out further work with her.
3. Reproduction of stuffed culture. The bacteriological method of follow-up can rely on a mechanical and biological method of increasing the number of bacteria cultures. At the first stage, a robot is carried out with solid and rare life-giving media, on which bacteria multiply and establish new colonies at the thermostat. Biological way of helping natural minds increase the number of bacteria, then here the next creature is infected with microorganisms. Through a sprat of blood in a blood sample or a smear, it is possible to detect anonymous prokaryotes.
4. Work with pure culture. In order to determine the systematic position of bacteria, as well as their belonging to health workers, it is necessary to conduct a recurrent analysis of cells for morphological and biochemical signs. In case of advanced pathogenic groups of microorganisms, it is important to know how effective it is for antibiotics.
That was a salient characteristic of the bacteriological method of follow-up.
Features of the analysis
The main rule of carrying out bacteriological examination is the maximum sterility. As far as the robot with test tubes, posіvi that peressіvannya bacterial culprit is carried out only over heated alcohol baths.
Usі stages of bacteriological method of follow-up require the use of a special loop of a pasteur pipette. Offending tools can be washed forward in half a light of spirits. As soon as the Pasteur pipette is used, then before thermal sterilization it is necessary to shake the tip of the pipette with tweezers.
The technique of sivbi bacteria also has its own peculiarities. First, with sivbі on the solid core, carry out a bacterial loop over the surface of the agar. The loop, obviously, is already the fault of the mother on the surface of the microorganism. It is also practiced to sow the middle and in the right direction a loop or a pipette to reach the bottom of the Petri dish.
Under the hour of work with rare mediums, test tubes are victorious. Here it is important to keep it, so that the edges do not stick around the edges of the laboratory glassware or corks, and the victorious tools (pipette, loop) do not stick around foreign objects on that surface.
Significance of the biological method of follow-up
Sample analysis of bacteria can be practical. Nasampered bacteriological method can be followed up in medicine. For example, it is necessary to vibrate the microflora of the sick person in order to establish the correct diagnosis, and to inculcate the correct passage of healing. Here, an antibioticogram helps, as it will show the activity of medicinal remedies against the sickness.
The analysis of bacteria is victorious in the laboratory for the treatment of such unsafe illnesses, like tuberculosis, typhoid or gonorrhea. Also, the wine is zastosovuєtsya for cultivating the bacterial warehouse of the tonsils, empty organs.
The bacteriological method of follow-up can be used to determine the severity of the medium. Behind the data about the kіlkіsny and yakіsny warehouse of the smear from the surface of any object, the steps of the population of this medium by microorganisms are indicated.
The essence of the method is the observation of a pure culture of a microbe - a health worker from pathological material, a report on the cultivation of morphological, tinctorial, cultural, biochemical, serological authorities from a method of further identification of a worker. When applying the bacteriological method, 4 stages are seen.
Healthy data, taken away with bacterioscopic follow-up, there is a choice of the most effective living mediums, for which, with the greatest frequency, it is possible to take care of the growth of the culture of transferring microbes - vigilantes.
B. Possibility of posting the collected material on a number of living mediums: rare and common, universal, selective-selective, differential-diagnostic. When sowing on Petri dishes with alkaline life-giving media, it is carried out with a bacteriological loop with a stroke to ensure the possibility of growing the isolation of one type of one colony of microbes (it can also be done by the other method of growing cultures).
A. The cultural power of viruses grows on the life-giving mediums of microorganism; to seep through suspected colonies. The next step is to say that the selection of suspected colonies is the most important and most important stage of the work. Nasampeed Vіn's characteristics of the characteristics of colony M_Krob_v, Ale, often, not a dosage of Dzvolzіyuvati collections Мікровіва оремих и и і і і Дадатоводово ививатория морфолію ікроківа по кашики З Підозрілих Колівисіва по колется старотный икророгоргисівів тефорто. Seeing pure cultures of bacteria and yogo growth can be carried out by carrying out forward sowing on a rare medium of accumulation, and after that, an additional hour of follow-up is observed.
B. From suspected colonies, a bacteriological smear is prepared, followed by Gram and microscopy (identity of microorganisms with cultures is established during microscopic follow-up at the 1st stage).
C. In the third part of the mature colony, the culture is transferred to beveled meat-peptone agar (it is possible to vicorate and other living mediums, on which the sighting of microorganisms is well grown). Purpose, accumulation of a pure culture of a microbe - an ill person who has been ill, tk. at the next stage of follow-up, you need a rich microbial mass.
The succulent beekeeper develops tsukroliticheskie dominance (sowing on the middle line of the row of Olkenitsky's, Ressel's and other lines), proteolytic activity (sowing on gelatin, milk according to Tukaev, designating the adoption of indole and sirkovodny bulptonium on mtonium). The sensitivity of seeing cultures to antibiotics is observed (often by the method of standard paper discs, more often by the method of serial breeding). Serotyping occurs in the reaction of agglutination on sclerosis with group and typical diagnostic siroworts; phage typing with standard diagnostic bacteriophages For the identification of certain types of pathogens, pathogenicity agents in bacteria are examined.
The appearance of the results of the investigations is being discussed. Z porіvnyannya vyavlenyh in microorganisms yaskostv (morphological, tinctorial, cultural, biochemical, serological etc.) zdіysnyuєє іdentifіkatsіya bacteria. There seems to be a residual correlation with the results of bacteriological investigation, demonstrating the type of bug (one and the same serotype, biovar, phage type) and sensitivity to antibiotics.
To report often on reliable results in the form of changes, biological, allergological and other methods of follow-up.
Advantages of the bacteriological diagnostic method : high reliability of the results of follow-up; the possibility of taking additional data about the sensitivity of seeing health workers to antibiotics; the possibility of conducting epidemiological studies.
