Yak koristuvatsya litmus wives. Litmus papriets - pH mitigation
moes - sumish, pasta, porridge) - a barn of natural hiking, one of the first and most widely used acid-base indicators.The name of the standard chemical preparation "litmus papier" has become wild in Russian language, as well as in chemistry for all types of indicator papers, so everyday life in the description of the iconic phenomena, that podіy.
power
The clean look has a dark powder with a faint smell of ammonia. Kindness spreads by pure water, approving the variety of purple color. In acidic environments (pH<4,5) лакмус приобретает красную окраску, в щелочных (pH>8.3) - blue.
Litmus, equally with other indicators, is equally small in the marked middle of the speech.
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In fact, natural litmus is a folding sum of 10-15 different substances. The main components of litmus are:
- azolithmin (English) Azolitmin, Order. C 9 H 10 NO 5) - can be seen with litmus extraction and victorious as an independent acid-luna indicator;
- erythrolithmin (English) Erythrolitmin or Orcein Erythrolein, comp. 13H22O6);
You can also see the following with a litmus extract:
- spanolithmin (English) Spaniolitmin);
- leukorcein (English) Leucoorcein);
- leucazolithmine (English) Leucazolitmin).
Zastosuvannya
Since the 16th century, as information about the method of cultivating litmus has expanded, black litmus from the lichens Leuconora tartarea and Rocella tinctoria in industrial areas began to circulate in Holland for export under the names Bergmoos and Klippmoos. In 1704 this indicator took away its own name - litmus. The name Lakmoes, which became the great-grandfather of the current name of the drug (eng. Litmus nim. Lackmus, grew up Litmus), was adopted from the Indo-Germanic root “leg” (kapati) and “mus” (porridge) and showed a way to remove litmus - extraction by droplets from lichens added to porridge.
In 1640, roci botanists described a barvnik, which stench was removed from fallow vegetation with dark purple flowers - heliotrope. Chemists have become vicorists without a hitch
Zhovten 25th, 2015 ChinaTested
Litmus paper: mustache chuli, ale few hto zastosovuvav.
Prop, in 15 seconds, to accurately measure the pH of the water at the tap, or to determine the pH of cosmetic products, which may be neutral, or to assess the acidity of the water in the aquarium.
We all know that water can mother different middle- sour, neutral or puddle. For an indicator of acidity, it depends on the pH factor (what is the pH?).
If the pH is less than 8, then we can talk about the acid medium.
A pH value of 8 is considered neutral.
If the pH is greater than 8, then we can talk about the puddle of the middle.
Water with a pH indicator, which is 10-12, is soft, puddle, and such water is sweet on a dotik.
Do not stray the indicator of acidity with the indicator of water hardness. Tse different characteristics, and one is not related to one.
In some types of water, it is necessary to know the pH indicator?
For a specific degree of acidity and moisture content of the soil: for large growths, the optimal pH level is 6 ... 6.5. If rіven goes in that chi іnshiy bіk, then the growth will rottenly conquer the microelements, start for no apparent reason, zhovtіti leaves thinly.
To determine the pH of the water in the aquarium, which is to be changed in the range of 6.3-7. Such a rіven will be kind for all the baggers of the aquarium. Lower for sixth - bad for ribs. Yakshcho pokaznik vshchy for sim - roslini feel bad.
For the purpose of determining the pH of cosmetic products, the zocrema is quiet, which is vicorated for the purpose of looking beyond the skin. Ideally, stinks can be neutral.
For the determination of the pH of the cross section of the blood. Necessary for some ailments of the functions of the nirok.
What is the pH of the vibrator to choose?
Shards of all pH testers and vimiryuvachi cost pennies, and vimiryuvan me it is necessary to carry out nothing at all, so I zupinivsya on the universal indicator paper, which vimiryuє pH. Make sure you have the correct copy. Do not look at the right sight. Mittevist vimiriv.
Litmus paperє universal indicator, because for help it is impossible to determine the degree of acidity and puddleness of the middle.
Well, the cheapest one, with cost-free delivery to your home, you can buy litmus paper on Aliexpress.
Posilochka without a track, the bula was thrown into the mailbox.
Small box in the middle
Axis of stench, litmus smugs, The order was handed over to the palette, from the assigned color values of the smog for the pH indicator.
Wow, tsikh muzhok there is rich! I navit polіnuvavsya rahuvati, vystachit for all life.
How to squirm with litmus paper?
Yes, it's simple. We bring one wife and weary at the end of the marriage. Mayzhe mittevo іdkatorny papyr zabarvitsya at kolіr, yaky vydpovidaє your rozchiny. To assess the pH factor, it is necessary to take a sample of the mixture from the palette, and you will know about the exact indicator of acidity.
Litmus papriets is chemically processed with litmus infusion with litmus paprits. Її Vicorista is assigned a degree of acidity and lustreness of the middle.
The first papier began to seep through with litmus, and yoga victorious was used as an indicator and a chemical reagent. Formerly victorious litmus as an indicator of the Spanish alchemist Arnaldo de Vilanova around 1300. This is the speech of the natural adventure, yoga is possessed from lichens.
Litmus papriets is an acid-base indicator, which in the sour medium is filled with red zabarvlennia, and in the puddle - blue. Fallow, according to the intensity of the fermentation, vicory, and a special scale, determine the pH of the medium.
Water pokaznik or pH є kіlkіsnim setting of spіvvіdnennia in water ionіv H+ and OH-, yakі settled down during dissociation of water. At room temperature in neutral pH = 7 in acidic pH< 7, щелочном рН > 7.
In practice, litmus papyrus can be finished in an easy way: it is necessary to take yogo in one go and omit the middle middle in a seldom. It is not necessary to lower the papier at the motherland deeply. The result is immediately apparent: omissions near the middle edge either change their color, or not. Then the papers are compared with the standard values, as the scales are applied on the tubes or on the packaging, in which the indicator is known.
Litmus paper is considered a universal indicator, because for її help you can name steps and acidity, and puddleness of the middle.
This indicator can be prepared in the minds of the home, having spent at this minimum cost that hour. For whom you need red, blue or purple cabbage, filtering or great white paper. It is necessary to grate the cabbage on a dry grater, boil for 30-35 strands, and then carefully strain it. The cabbage itself was not to be needed, but in the vіdvar, scho wiyshov, it is necessary to put the swag, cut with paper. After that, as the paper leaks out, yogo wilt and hang. It is necessary to take such paper in a dry room, far away from the sleepy light. When vikoristanny of such a self-contained indicator, it is necessary to lie, that the wine gives a little more death to the victims, the lower factory.
Litmus papyrece zavdyaki simplicity and versatility of the well-known pH is widely used for not less than an hour of conducting chemical experiments in the primary foundations and clinical laboratories, and in the butt.
So, be it a person with ease, squirming with a litmus paper, you can sign a water show, be it a biological homeland, rozchiniv, sumish - shed, sich, breast milk, drive, mila, etc.
Parameters of pH-biological rіdin need to be independently controlled in case of certain illnesses. Also, litmus paprietz is actively vicorated by kvtnikarіv at home minds to determine the degree of acidity and lubricity of the soil. It is possible to help to determine the pH of cosmetic products, the cream is quiet, which are vicorated for the sake of looking beyond the skin, because. ideally, stinks can be neutral
RATE pH
The differences and rіdini about their acidity are important:
Neutral at pH = 7
acidic at pH< 7
pudding at pH > 7
Acidity of the section
If the pH level is fluctuating between 6.0 - 6.4 and 6.4 - 7.0 in the evenings, then the organism is functioning normally. The most optimal rіven is slightly sour, at the boundary 6.4 - 6.5. A pH value below 5.0 speaks of її sharp acidification, more than 7.5 - about її sharp puddle reaction.
The reaction of the section determines the possibility of setting stones: ratnyh - in sour, oxalate - in neutral acid, phosphate - in a larger puddle medium. So, for example, secic acid stones actually do not shrink at a cross section pH of more than 5.5, and phosphate stones do not in any way settle, so the cut is not puddle. The best hour for determining the pH level is 1 year before or 2 years after.
Recheck the pH level for the day 2-3 days a day.
For the help of an indicator litmus paper, the pH test can be easily, quickly and accurately tested for the reaction of a change in the type of eating, stosuvanya likarskih zasobiv or dietary supplements. Positive dynamics of pH can be a criterion for the correctness of the selection of the diet, or even treatment.
The acidity of the section is strongly changed in the fallow in the case of the section. The acidity of the sech is moving, as if in the diet of the people, the m'yasna їzha, rich in proteins.
The greater acidity of the section is important for a physical work.
The increase in the acidity of the cross section is indicated for the increase in the acidity of the drain. Decreased acidity of shlunkovogo juice, adding the acidity of the cross section.
The acidity of the cross-section changes with ailments in the body, so acidity is an important diagnostic factor.
Acidity of a line:
The acidity of the line is deposited in the dryness of the line. Sound the acidity of the mixed line of a person is healthy 6.8-7.4 pH, but for the great dryness of the dream it reaches 7.8 pH. The acidity of the slugs of the polluted vines is 5.81 pH, the acidity of the slugs is 6.39 pH. In children, the average acidity of the mixed line is 7.32 pH.Optimal death from 10 to 12 years. Vimiryuvati її better in vain, two years before or two years after. Dreaming declines in the evening and at night.
For the improvement of slewing, with the method of increasing the pH of the indicator of the slew, it is good to put a small piece of lemon on the plate, to wind it up with a healthy dose of slewing. You can look appetizing, serve on a garni dish, appetizingly decorated greenery and/or/vegetables, guilty, which is called pleasing to the eye! Not only slinks are flowing, but the juices in the organism, which are getting ready for the process of etching. This is the mental phase of herbal secretion.
Acid gastroesophageal and pharyngolaryngeal refluxes that reach the empty mouth play a significant role in the underlying pathology of the empty mouth. As a result of exposure to hydrochloric acid, a decrease in the acidity of the mixed line is lower than 7.0 pH. Slina, yak in normal maє puddles of power, at low pH, especially at values of 6.2–6.0, lead to moderate demineralization of tooth enamel with the appearance of erosion of hard tissues of the teeth and empty teeth - caries. There is a lot of mucus on the mucous membrane, the ash trees become swollen and inflamed.
With low acidity empty mouth, the acidity of the dental plaque decreases, which causes the development of caries.
Bacteria, which are in the mouth, "resolve" for the daily occurrence. Slina well, rich in kisen, actively pereskodzhaє їх reproduction. An unacceptable smell from the mouth settles down, if the tide of slugs settles down, for example, more sleep. Praise, hunger, remembrance of a long monologue, exhalation through the mouth (for example, when undead), stress - to dry the empty mouth, leading to a decrease in the pH of the slough. The change in the tide of the line will inevitably come out of the century.
You can connect a weak rinsing of the mouth with water with additional soda and taking її in the middle of the middle, professor Ogulovim A.T. – weakly puddle pH 7.4-8. Rinsing the mouth with soda water may be clear in the case of various flaming ills, and the teeth are clear in the case of a sour, acidified organism.
Set the required pH of the water for rinsing, or you can get in the middle with the help of a litmus indicator paper. Recipes from the necessary proportions are not possible, tk. The skin region has its own water, which has its own pH. To that it is necessary for the mother under the hand of the indicator paper.
Acidity of pikhvi
The normal acidity of the woman's pihvi is kolivaetsya at 3.8 to 4.4 pH and in the middle it becomes 4.0–4.2 pH.
Acidity of pikhvi in case of various illnesses:
* Cytolithic vaginosis: acidity less than 4.0 pH
* normal microflora: acidity vіd 4.0 to 4.5 pH
* candidiasis vaginitis: acidity vіd 4.0 to 4.5 pH
* trichomonas colpitis: acidity vіd 5.0 to 6.0 pH
* Bacterial vaginosis: acidity over 4.5 pH
* atrophic vaginitis: acidity more than 6.0 pH
* aerobic vaginitis: acidity over 6.5 pH
For support acid medium that suppression of the growth of mentally pathogenic microorganism in pixiv vіdpovіdat lactobacilli (lactobacilli) and, less in the world, other representatives of the normal microflora. In the treatment of various gynecological diseases, the first plan is to restore the population of lactobacilli and normal acidity.
acidity of sperm
The normal pH of sperm acidity at the boundaries is 7.2 to 8.0 pH. Vidhilennya vіd tsikh znachen itself is not accepted as a pathology. At that very hour, at the same time, with other breaths, you can tell about the presence of illness.
The increase in the pH level of the sperm is observed during the infectious process. Severely puddle reaction of sperm (acidity approximately 9.0-10.0 pH) indicates the pathology of the anterior slough.
In case of obstruction of the ducts of both of these bulbs, an acidic reaction of sperm is observed (acidity 6.0-6.8 pH).
The accumulation of such sperm is reduced. In the acidic medium, spermatozoa lose friability and bend. As the acidity of our mother tongue becomes less than 6.0 pH, the spermatozoa again lose friability and die.
Acidity of tears in normi - vіd 7.3 to 7.5 pH.
The acidity of the shell. Increased and decreased acidity
Theoretically, the minimum possible acidity in the hose is 0.86 pH.
The maximum theoretically possible acidity at the shell is 8.3 pH.
Normal acidity at the opening of the body of the drain is 1.5-2.0 pH.
Acidity on the surface of the epithelial ball, turned into the lumen of the tube 1.5–2.0 pH.The acidity of the depth of the epithelial ball of the tube is close to 7.0 pH. Normal acidity in the antrum is 1.3–7.4 pH.
The reason for the ailments of the organs of the herbal tract is an imbalance in the processes of acid production and acid neutralization. Trival hypersecretion of hydrochloric acid or lack of acid neutralization, and, as a result, increased acidity in the sac and/or the twelve intestines, thus calling acid-stained disease. In this hour, they can be seen: peptic ulcer of the duodenum and duodenum, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERC), erosive-viral lesions of the duodenum and duodenum against the background of taking aspirin or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in the presence of acid.
Decreased acidity is associated with anacid or hypoacid gastritis or gastroduodenitis, as well as with cancer of the duct. Gastritis (gastroduodenitis) is called anacid or gastritis (gastroduodenitis) with low acidity, so the acidity at the body of the tube becomes approximately 5 or more than one pH. The cause of low acidity is often the atrophy of parietal cells in the mucosal tunic or damage to their functions.
Acidity in the intestines
Normal acidity in cibulini duodenum is 5.6-7.9 pH. Acidity in the esophagus and the air intestines is neutral or slightly lukewarm and is in the range of 7 to 8 pH. Acidity of small intestine juice 72-75 pH. With increased secretion, the pH is 8.6. Acidity of the secretion of duodenal ulcers at pH at 7 to 8 pH.
Acidity of pancreatic juice - vіd 7.5 to 9 pH.
Acidity of intestinal juice 85-90 pH.
In the lower ducts of the colon, the pH value of the acidity gradually increases, reaching the maximum pH value in the area of the rectosigmoid junction.Aciditykalu at normі vіd 6.0 to 8.0 pH.
Acidity of meconium (primary feces of newborns)- Close to 6 pH.
Acidity of breast milk - 6.9-7.5 pH
Blood acidityThe acidity of the plasma of the arterial blood of a person is no more than 7.37 to 7.43 pH, becoming an average of 7.4 pH. The acid-puddling fluid in the blood of a person is one of the most stable parameters that enhances the acidic puddle components in the sebaceous fluid at the narrowest borders. Navit small destruction in the designations between can lead to a serious pathology. When destroyed in the acid side, the camp of ranks is blamed - acidosis, in the puddle - alkalosis. Changes in blood acidity are higher than 7.8 pH or lower than 6.8 pH is not good for life.
The acidity of erythrocytes becomes 728-729 pH.
Normal blood pressure is lymphatic cells, building deficiency is plump cells. In humans, there are impersonal lymphatic cells (for example, NK cells, LAK cells). The uniqueness of the field lies in the fact that the stench of the building revitalizes normal cells in case of ailments and injuries, and the rest remain poor. Whom does the function of the immune system of the human body. The greatest activity of lymphatic cells, while reducing the disease of cells, is manifested at a pH of 7.4. However, it sounds like the damage to cells is more acidic in the middle, like a change in the activity of lymphocytes, which works better at a slightly puddle pH. By living the food of eating, which leads to a healthy diet, it is possible to adjust the pH balance in the range of 0.5 units, creating a friendly medium for the influx of lymphocytes and the decrease in damage or abnormally induced cells.
Cancerous tissue may promote acidity on the surface of normal tissue and the organism is protected by a fibrous membrane, which has a puddle pH. As a way to continue stagnating a sour diet, the husk varies and cancer cells are given names.
Once a week, when the body is acidified, it is necessary to keep your own liquor days, living in only vegetables (1.5 kg of vegetables, distributing for the whole day), during the summer period of cooking and syrup, autumn-winter only) and thermally processed I clean the hot water brightly.
Important value for maintaining a normal levelpH the body can feel the mood of a person, a lot of fun mood normalizes the acid-puddle of the river. Laugh more!
The text below is superimposed only with a cognitive method.
For confirmation, whether there are any suspects, you must turn to the doctor!
Part of the husband with the indicator of moistening the section, give 2 quills, after which the color of the husband is equal to the scale of results.
The pH of the section is a sign that you can signal about a lot of important damage to a healthy person:
Values of pH section pH higher than 7:
- metabolic and dichal alkalosis;
- chronic nirkov deficiency;
- nirkovy cilovy acidosis (type I and II);
- hyperkalemia;
- primary and secondary hyperfunction of the parathyroid gland;
- Different diets high zmіstom fruits and vegetables;
- trivala vomit;
Infections of the sciatic system, caused by microorganisms that split the sebaceous tissue;
- the supply of certain medical preparations (adrenaline, nicotinamide, bicarbonate);
- newly established organs of the sechostate system.
pH less than 5:
- metabolic and dichal acidosis;
- hypokalemia;
- with hunger;
- Blood diabetes;
- tuberculosis;
- increase in body temperature;
- diarrhea with pronounced character;
- taking medical preparations: ascorbic acid, corticotropin, methionine;
- Different diets with a large amount of meat protein, cranes.
In case of urolithiasis infections (urinary ailments), stones are most often dissolved at pH below 5.5, oxalate - at pH 5.5-6.0, phosphate - at pH 7.0-7.8.
The control of the pH level of the cross section in newborns is also important
In chemistry, there is speech, which can change its conscience in the presence of acids and meadows. Numbers of speeches are called indicators and are used to identify the reaction medium. The middle can be sour, puddle and neutral.
Filter papier leaks out like speeches. Know a lot of different indicator papers (from schools to know everything about word formation« litmus paper» ), more precisely than indicators, with which papers leak ( litmus, phenolphthalein, methyl orange and etc.). So, to indicators, you can add red cabbage, cherries, and black gorobini. The papyrus oozes out in a variety of colors different mediums. For the indication of acidity or puddleness of the middle, it is possible to peel with paprika, a leaky variety of any indicator.
In nitric acid the paper changed its color to dark red. Іsnuyut іnshі acids, in some papriets change their color to chervoniy. Tse sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid those in Ci acids are called strong acids. And so acid, yak ottova, lemon , the wine is the one that can be seen, the head rank, to the great class of chemical speeches - organic, are called weak. In such acids, the papyrus swells with an erysipelas color.
Later, for the help of an indicator paper, one can identify a strong and weak acid, so that the stench can be found at approximately the same concentration.
At a different meadow, the papyrus changes its color to blue. When working with meadows, be careful. Not vipadkovo stinks are called caustic (soda, caustic potash). Up to the meadows you can also see the vapnyan water thatammonia , some wrong names"alcohol" . Tse yogo butov's name. Correctly, speech is called ammonium hydroxide.
In the meadows, it is necessary to protect the eyes and hands, the stench of the farba is littered, the tables are covered with whips that do not slink.
The acidity and the value of the differences are expressed through the concentration of ions H + . For clarity of assessment, virase pH was introduced into chemistry (read"pe-ash" ). pH is called a water indicator. Tse understand vvіv Danish chemist Serensen u 1909 rock: letter "r" - pochatkova letter of the Danish word potenz- mathematical step, letter"N" - water symbol.
At a neutral retailer 25°C pH = 7. In acidic pH< 7, and tim less, scho sour rozchin; in puddles pH > 7, and tim more, scho more luzhnіst rozchina; in other words - the lower the pH, the higher the concentration of ions H + , so the acidity of the medium is higher, and in addition, the higher the pH, the lower the concentration of ions H + , then the more puddle of the middle.
So, for example, in shlonkovogo juice pH 1, 7 (strongly acidic reaction), in water water pH 6 (weakly acidic), with water supply pH 7, 5 (low-lumen), blood pH 7, 4 (weakly saline), in the slip pH 6, 9 (slightly acidic), in tears and distilled water pH 7 (neutral).
The universal indicator paper is corrosive only for the approximate value of the pH at the boundaries, exactly one pH unit.
Marvel at the same way "How to twist fish and meat for freshness for the help of an indicator paper».
"Litmus Papir" is a common name for all types of indicators in chemistry. Named to be like litmus - natural barvnik, yak bulo was one of the first and most popular. Vzagali indicators - ce of the speech, yakі can change their color in a different way when changing the water indicator of the medium pH. Tobto. we can judge by the color of the indicator that the middle in front of us is puddle, sour or neutral. For clarity, the filter papier will leak out as an indicator, which is called litmus paper in the result. Natural indicators are being prepared from Roslin. Cabbage has a pigment under the name anthocyanin, while wine itself is known for being sensitive to pH. Anthocyanin imparts a dark blue color to the roslins. Supplement with a rich enzyme can also be found in beetroots, black gorobin, currants, cherries, oats and other fruits of a similar color. So, in principle, they can be victorious as a whole, like indicators in chemistry. Ale, wait, it’s not wise to win the road for the blacksmith for chemical research. Therefore, today we will try to grow litmus papyrus from red cabbage. It's inexpensive and available throughout the country.
Litmus papir from red cabbage
Here everything is even simpler, you can turn a child around with a robot. For the preparation of litmus paper from red cabbage, we need filter paper and, well, the cabbage itself. Vitiskaemo sik іz kachan. The simplest thing to do is to rub yoga on a dry third and sweat it through gauze. Let's filter the paprika with juice and then dry it on a small swab, about 4 by 10 cm. Litmus paprika from cabbage is ready! Now you can carry out the testing by placing our indicator near the different medium.
Color of the indicator in different media
For specific types of medium, a special pH scale is used. Try on your own, with the help of our litmus paper from cabbage, to determine the acidity of the onset of the broadening of the buttir dines:
- Lemon juice (ph 2),
- Cola (ph 3),
- Kava (ph 5),
- Milk (ph 6),
- Water (ph 7),
- Salt water (ph 8),
- Kharchov soda at the water outlet (ph 9),
- Ammonia (ph 11).
And then match it with the pH scale.
And for our little readers, there is a small verse that allows you to easily remember the pH type of color:
Red color indicator
The acid is clear.
Color indicator blue,
The meadow is here - do not be roaring,
And as a neutral middle,
Then the green color is zavzhd.
