Sanpinary lighting in schools per square meter. Sanitary and epidemiological guidelines for schools for lighting standards
School: basic, secondary education
Decree of the Head Sovereign Sanitary Doctor of the Russian Federation dated December 29, 2010 N 189 (as amended on December 25, 2013) "On the approval of SanPiN 2.4.2.
VII. Vimogi to natural and piece lighting.
7.1. Natural vision.
7.1.1. Usі navchalnі vіshchennі vіshchennі mіtії prirodnі otvіtlennya vіdpovіdno up to hygienіchnyh vimog to natural, piece, poddnánogo svіlіnnyа zhitlіvіh huh gromadskih budіvel.
7.1.2. Without natural lighting, it is allowed to design: shells, washrooms, showers, toilets at the gymnasium; showers and toilets for staff; komori and warehouse premises, radio stations; film and photo laboratories; bookshops; boilers, water pumps and sewers; ventilation chambers and air conditioning; higher education institutions of management and other facilities for the installation and management of engineering and technological facilities; application for the protection of disinfectants.
7.1.3. At the main premises, there should be left-sided lighting design. When the depth of the initial landing is over 6 m, the obov'yazkovo vlastuvannya of the right-handed lightening, the height of which may be not less than 2.2 m in the case of the underlay.
It is not allowed to direct the main light flow from the front and back to the windows.
7.1.4. At the workshops for labor training, assembly and sports halls, there can be a two-sided natural display.
7.1.5. In the premises of solar lighting organizations, the standardization of the value of the coefficient of natural lighting (KEO) is carried out from the point of view of hygienic levels to natural, piece, daily lighting of residential and community life.
7.1.6. In the primary placements with one-sided natural side lighting of KEO on the working surface of the desks, in the most distant view, at least 1.5% of the placement is to blame. With double-sided natural illumination, the indicator of KEO is calculated on the middle rows and can become 1.5%.
The light coefficient (SC - the ratio of the area glued to the surface to the area of the underlay) can become less than 1:6.
7.1.7. The windows of the main places may be oriented to the pvdenny, pvdenno-skhidnі and skhіdnі sides of the horizon. On the pіvnіchnі side of the horizon, there can be orientated windows in the cabinets of armchairs, painting, as well as the kitchen. Orientation of informatics classrooms - on pivnich, pivnichniy skhid.
7.1.8. The light-projection of the main premises is fallow in the climatic zone, they have regulation of sun protection outbuildings (pivot-rotary blinds, fabric curtains) with a dovezhina not lower than the riven of the ceiling.
It is recommended to use curtains made of fabrics of light tones, which can provide a sufficient level of light transmission, good light intensity of power, as it is not the fault of lowering the level of natural lighting. The choice of curtains (firanok), including curtains with lambrequins, polyvinyl chloride plaiting and other curtains or outbuildings that surround natural lighting, is not allowed.
At a non-working camp, it is necessary to place curtains in the spaces between the windows.
7.1.9. For a rational choice of day light and equal illumination of the main premises, follow:
- do not make mistakes;
- do not place kviti on the windowsills, place them in portable kvіtnits with a height of 65-70 cm in the form of pіdlogs or pіdvіsnyh pots in the spaces between windows;
- cleansing that mittka was carried out at the world of zabrudnennya, but not more than 2 times on the river (autumn and spring).
Trivality of insolation in the primary offices and offices can be uninterrupted, for trivality no less:
- 2.5 year. near the pivnіchnіy zone (pivnіchnіshe 580 pn.sh.);
- 2.0 year. near the central zone (58-480 p.sh.);
- 1.5 year. near the pivdenniy zone (on pіvden vіd 480 pn.sh.).
It is allowed to have insolation at the head offices of computer science, physics, chemistry, painting and armchairs, sports and training halls, facilities for the cooking block, assembly hall, administrative and state offices.
7.2. Piece lighting.
7.2.1. In all places of the central lighting organization, equal piece lighting is provided, ranging from hygienic to natural, piece, daily lighting of living and community life.
7.2.2. At the main premises, the system of luminous lighting is provided with insulated lamps with fluorescent lamps and light-emitting diodes. Lighting is transferred to different lamps over the spectrum of color variation: white, warm white, natural white.
7.2.3. Chi is not vikoristovuyutsya in one place for the infamous lighting dzherela svetla raznoy prirody vprominyuvannya.
7.2.4. At the head offices, auditoriums, laboratories, equal illumination is due to the following standards: on work tables - 300-500 lux; at the offices of the technical chair and painting - 500 lux; lux, in assembly halls and sports halls (on the ground) - 200 lux, at recreations (on the ground) - 150 lux.
With the use of computer technology and the need to spriynyattya іnformatsiї ї ї svedennі ї ї svedennyа ї ї svedennya zapis v zoshitі - illuminance on the tables uchnіv may not be lower than 300 lux.
7.2.5. At the initial appointments, a system of incandescent hanging should be installed. Luminaires with fluorescent lamps are placed parallel to the light-bearing wall on the wall 1.2 m from the outer wall and 1.5 m from the inner wall. Luminaires with light-emitting diodes are roztashovuyutsya z urahuvannyam schodo obezhennya indicative of discomfort vіdpovіdno to hygienic vimog to natural, piece, total illumination of living and community life.
7.2.6. A classy doshka, which does not have a damp light, has special lighting - spotlights, which are used for lighting class boards.
7.2.7. When designing a system of piece-by-piece lighting for the primary premises, it is necessary to transfer separate inclusions of linear lamps.
7.2.8. For a rational victorious piece of light and equal illumination of the initial applications, it is necessary to vicorize materials and farby, which create a matte surface with coefficients of fermentation: for a stele - 0.7 - 0.9; for walls - 0.5 - 0.7; for sub-logs - 0.4 - 0.5, for furniture and desks - 0.45; for classy boards - 0.1-0.2.
It is recommended to vikoristovuvat such colors of farb: for stel - white, for the walls of the main places - light tones of yellow, beige, erysipelas, green, blackite; for furniture (shafi, parties) - the color of natural wood or light greens; for classy boards - dark green, dark brown; for doors, window frames - white.
7.2.9. Purification of the lighting fittings of the lamps is carried out in the world of zabrudnennya, but not more than 2 times on the river, and the replacement of the lamps of the light is carried out at the same time, which went out of tune.
7.2.10. Incorrect fluorescent lamps that have burnt out are collected in a container from a specially seen place and sent for disposal in accordance with the relevant regulatory documents.
Vityag from dzherel:
Sanitary and epidemiological care for schools
Decree of the Head Sovereign Sanitary Doctor of the Russian Federation dated December 29, 2010 N 189 Moscow “On the approval of SanPiN 2.4.2.2821-10 “Sanitary and epidemiological efforts to the minds of that organization of education in the central lighting installations”.
Published on 16 March 2011
Registered with the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation on March 3, 2011
Registration N 19993
VII. Vimogi to natural and piece lighting
7.1. Natural vision.7.1.1. Usі navchalnі vіshchennі vіshchennі mіtії prirodnі otvіtlennya vіdpovіdno up to hygienіchnyh vimog to natural, piece, poddnánogo svіlіnnyа zhitlіvіh huh gromadskih budіvel.
7.1.2. Without natural lighting, it is allowed to design: shells, washrooms, showers, toilets at the gymnasium; showers and toilets for staff; komori and warehouse premises, radio stations; film and photo laboratories; bookshops; boilers, water pumps and sewers; ventilation chambers and air conditioning; higher education institutions of management and other facilities for the installation and management of engineering and technological facilities; application for the protection of disinfectants.
7.1.3. At the main premises, there should be left-sided lighting design. When the depth of the initial landing is over 6 m, the obov'yazkovo vlastuvannya of the right-handed lightening, the height of which may be not less than 2.2 m in the case of the underlay. It is not allowed to direct the main light flow from the front and back to the windows.
7.1.4. At the workshops for labor training, assembly and sports halls, there can be a two-sided natural display.
7.1.5. In the premises of heating and lighting installations, the value of the coefficient of natural lighting (KEO) is normalized to hygienic levels to natural, piece, total lighting of living and community life.
7.1.6. In the primary placements with one-sided natural side lighting of KEO on the working surface of the desks, in the most distant view, at least 1.5% of the placement is to blame. With double-sided natural illumination, the indicator of KEO is calculated on the middle rows and can become 1.5%.
The light coefficient (SC - the ratio of the area glued to the surface to the area of the underlay) can become less than 1:6.
7.1.7. The windows of the main places may be oriented to the pvdenny, pvdenno-skhidnі and skhіdnі sides of the horizon. On the pіvnіchnі side of the horizon, there can be orientated windows in the cabinets of armchairs, painting, as well as the kitchen. Orientation of informatics classrooms - on pivnich, pivnichniy skhid.
7.1.8. The light-projection of the main premises is fallow in the climatic zone, they have regulation of sun protection outbuildings (pivot-rotary blinds, fabric curtains) with a dovezhina not lower than the riven of the ceiling.
It is recommended to use curtains made of fabrics of light tones, which can provide a sufficient level of light transmission, good light intensity of power, as it is not the fault of lowering the level of natural lighting. The choice of curtains (firanok), including curtains with lambrequins, polyvinyl chloride plaiting and other curtains or outbuildings that surround natural lighting, is not allowed. At a non-working camp, it is necessary to place curtains in the spaces between the windows.
7.1.9. For a rational choice of day light and equal illumination of the main premises, follow:
- do not make mistakes;
- do not place quilts on pedestals, place them at portable quilts with a height of 65 - 70 cm in the form of underlays or hanging planters in the spaces between vents;
- cleansing that mitt of the warehouse is carried out at the world of zabrudnennya, but not more than 2 times on the river (autumn and spring).
Trivality of insolation in the primary offices and offices can be uninterrupted, for trivality no less:
- 2.5 years. near the pivnіchnіy zone (pivnіchnіshe 58 degrees latitude);
- 2.0 year. near the central zone (58 - 48 degrees north latitude);
- 1.5 years. near the pivdenniy zone (on a pivden day, 48 degrees north latitude).
It is allowed to have insolation at the head offices of computer science, physics, chemistry, painting and armchairs, sports and training halls, facilities for the cooking block, assembly hall, administrative and state offices.
7.2. Piece lighting
7.2.1. In all places of indoor lighting, install safe equal piece lighting from hygienic levels to natural, piece, reduced lighting of living and community life.
7.2.2. At the main premises, the system of indirect lighting is provided with stele lamps. Luminescent lighting is transferred from different lamps over the spectrum of color variation: white, warm white, natural white. Luminaries, which are victorious for piece lighting of the primary premises, are responsible for the safety of friendly roses in the field of light, which is limited by an indicator of discomfort (Mt). Indicative of the discomfort of the lighting installation of a flashy lighting, whether it be a working place in a class, it is possible to change 40 individuals.
7.2.3. Not a trace of vikoristovuvaty in one luminescent lamp and lamps for glowing lighting.
7.2.4. At the head offices, auditoriums, laboratories, the level of illumination is due to the following standards: on work tables - 300 - 500 lx, at the offices of the technical chair and painting - 500 lx, at the offices of informatics on the tables - 300 - 500 lx halls (on the premises) - 200 lux, at recreations (on the premises) - 150 lux. With the help of computer technology and the need to spriynyattya іnformatsії ї z vedennya svіdnyatya іnformatії іn the screen іn zіsіtlenії illuminance on the tables uchnіv is guilty but not lower than 300 lx.
7.2.5. At the head office, there should be a system of incandescent hanging. Luminaires with fluorescent lamps are placed parallel to the light-bearing wall on the 1.2 m window from the outer wall and 1.5 m from the inner wall.
7.2.6. A classy doshka, which does not have a damp light, has a special lighting - soffits, which are used for lighting classy boards. It is recommended that the lamps be placed higher than the upper edge of the board by 0.3 m and 0.6 m at the back of the board in front of the board.
7.2.7. When designing a system of piece-by-piece lighting, it is necessary to transfer a separate inclusion of linear lamps for the primary premises.
7.2.8. For a rational victorious piece of light and equal illumination of the initial applications, it is necessary to vicorize materials and farby, which create a matte surface with coefficients of fermentation: for a stele - 0.7 - 0.9; for walls - 0.5 - 0.7; for sublog - 0.4 - 0.5; for furniture and desks - 0.45; for classy boards - 0.1 - 0.2. It is recommended to vikoristovuvat such colors of farb: for stel - white, for the walls of the main places - light tones of yellow, beige, erysipelas, green, blackite; for furniture (shafi, parties) - the color of natural wood or light greens; for classy boards - dark green, dark brown; for doors, window frames - white.
7.2.9. It is necessary to clean the lighting fittings of the lamps around the world, but not more than 2 times on the river and replace the lamps that have burnt out at the same time.
7.2.10. Incorrect fluorescent lamps that have burnt out are collected in a container from a specially seen place and sent for disposal in accordance with the relevant regulatory documents.
Natural lighting is the most pleasant for the dawn, the shards of sleepy light are necessary for the normal life of a person. Visible changes in the sony spectrum (400-760 microns) ensure the function of the eye, signify the natural biorhythm of the body, positively influence emotions, the intensity of metabolic processes; ultraviolet spectrum (290-400 microns) - stimulates the process of speech exchange, hematopoiesis, tissue regeneration and may antirachitis (vitamin D synthesis) and bactericidal action.
Usі prim_shchennya z postіynim perebuvannyam people due to mother, as a rule, natural visvіtlennya.
Natural illumination is created with the help of a direct, pink and broken sony light. It can be bichnym, upper, combinable. Lateral illumination - through the light, open at the outer walls, upper - through the light, open at the roof and light, and combined - at the outer walls and at the roof.
The most hygienically bright lighting that penetrates through the windows, the shards of the upper light at the same and the same slope area create less illumination of the premises; moreover, open the light, roztashovanі at the stele, less handy for tidying up and vmagayut special attachments for the purpose of met. You can win the second lightening, tobto. illumination through the screened partitions from the dry room, possessed by windows. However, it is not suitable for hygienic conditions and is only allowed in such places as corridors, wardrobes, bathrooms, showers, utility rooms, and other rooms.
The design of natural lighting can be based on a detailed description of technological and other processes that take place in the area, as well as on the light-climatic features of the territory. When to cheat:
Characteristics of Zorovoi work; local life on the map of light climate;
Necessary equivalence of natural vision;
Roztashuvannya possession;
Baghany straight fall of the light stream on the working surface;
Trivality of vikoristannya of natural visvitlennya stretched doby;
The need for protection against the blindness of direct sleepy light.
How hygienic signs of natural lighting should be stagnant:
Coefficient of natural lighting (KEO) - the ratio of natural lighting in the middle of the premises at the control points in the world (not less than 5) to the lighting of the bells (%). There are two groups of methods for the designation of KEO - instrumental and rozrahunkov.
For applications with side lighting, the minimum value of the coefficient is normalized, and for applications with upper and combined lighting - the average. For example, KEO in trading floors with a bright light can be 0.4-0.5%, with the top one - 2%.
For businesses community eating when designing side natural lighting KEO may be used: for bays, buffets - 0.4-0.5%; hot, cold, confectionery, finishing and procurement workshops - 0.8-1%; miynyh kitchen and tableware - 0.4-0.5%.
The light coefficient is the ratio of the area of the glued surface of the windows to the area of the underside. In virobnicheskih, trade and administrative offices of the wines can become no less than -1:8, in the butovykh - 1:10.
However, this factor does not lie in the minds of climate change, architectural features and other factors that affect the intensity of lighting. So, the intensity of natural lighting is rich in why to lie in vіd vlastuvannya and rostashuvannya vіkon, orientatіїїї їх on the sides of the light, shading vіkon vіkon dovokolishnі budinki, green plantings.
Kut padinnya - kut, utavleniya two lines, one of them to pass through the working area to the upper edge of the glazed part of the window opening, and then - horizontally through the working area to the windows. The fall will change when the weather is farther away. It is important that due to the normal illumination of natural light, the fall can be less than 27o. Whatever happened, the fall fit more.
Kut open - kut, utavleniya two lines, one of them zadnuє work space with the upper edge of the window, and insha - with the highest point of the obscuring light of the object, rostashovano in front of the window (the tree is thin). With such a darkened illumination, the occupant may be unsatisfactory, although the fall and the light coefficient are sufficient. Kut open maє buti no less than 5o.
The lightness of the place is found in the direct fallow in the number, the shape of the expansion of the vicons, and also in the quality and purity of the warehouse.
When cloudy slopes decrease natural lightness to 50-70%, when smooth slopes decrease 6-10% light, dull - 60, frozen - up to 80%.
The color of the walls contributes to the lighting of the premises: white color up to 80% of sony rooms, gray and yellow - 40%, and blue and green - 10-17%.
For the shortest vikoristannya, one should be at the place of the light stream of the wall, the stele of the obladannaya owe buti pofarbovani at the light tone. Particularly important is the light supply of window wickerwork, stels, upper parts of the walls, as they provide a maximum of light changes.
Dramatically reduce the natural lightness of the environment for the contamination of light apertures. That is why, at the enterprises, it is necessary to protect the goods from the possessions, products, packaging as if in the middle, so I’ll wake up, and also replace it with plywood, cardboard and that’s it.
In warehouses, lighting does not sound, but in some cases it is not allowed (for example, near comoras for harvesting vegetables), and it is allowed (in refrigerators). However, for harvesting boroshna, cereals, pasta, kharchoconcentrates, dried fruits, it is dotally natural lighting.
In case of insufficient natural lighting, a combination of lighting is allowed, in which natural and piece light is simultaneously victorious.
More on the topic of Hygiene to natural lighting:
- Hygiene standards for the microclimate of sports facilities of various specializations. Naturally, that piece of sporting applications with the improvement of hygiene standards.
- Hygienic measures before laboratory clarification and ultraviolet testing
- Injecting light into the body of a person and hygienic vimogi to the minds of lightening the primary premises
- Norms of natural and piece lighting of creatures' premises
- Sanitary facilities before lighting, scorching and ventilation
- Hygienic ambush placement of schools. Service radius of the school. Hygienic help to the land plot and school life
