Rivnі volodinnya English. Riven Pre-Intermediate — to whom the program is supposed to be taught, the term is taught English knowledge of pre intermediate

Without a doubt, there is a lot of feeling about the international system of equals in English language, but not everyone knows what it means and how to classify. You need to find out about your riven, the English Volodymyr can be blamed for some life situations. For example, it is necessary to go through a joint interview with a robot or at an embassy, ​​it is necessary to complete an international test (IELTS, TOEFL, FCE, CPE, BEC, etc.), upon entry to a foreign initial pledge, when taking a job in another country, as well as for special purposes.

The international system of denoting English knowledge can be mentally divided into 7 equals:

1. Beginner - Cob (zero). On this level, the student practically knows nothing of English language and begins to learn the subject from scratch, including the alphabet, basic reading rules, black phrases and other tasks of that stage. After the end of the Beginner level, learn, sound, you can easily confirm nutrition when meeting new people. Example: What is your name? What are your fates? What are your brothers and sisters? Zvіdki where do you live? and etc. And also they can raise up to a hundred, follow the letters of their own name and special data. The remainder in English is called spelling (removing words for letters).

2. Elementary - Elementary. This river follows the zero and may on the recognition of the knowledge of certain languages ​​of the English language. Riven Elementary gives students the opportunity to learn phrases earlier in more fluent forms, as well as add a number of new knowledge. At this stage, students begin to briefly talk about themselves, about their loved ones, about the seasons, about the weather, about the hour, about the order of the day, about the country, that sounds, then. At the grammar level, on which equal, there is an early acquaintance with the coming hours: Present Simple, Present Continuous, Past Simple, Future Simple (will, to be going to) and Present Perfect. And also, the deuces of modal words (can, must), different types of borrowers, prikmetniki that step of their parity, categories of names, forms of simple meals are looked at. Having firmly dropped the Elementary rіven, you can already take the fate of the KET test (Key English test).

3. Pre-Intermediate - Below average. Riven, coming after the Elementary, is called Pre-Intermediate, which literally translates as Before-middle. Reading up to the same level, students may already be aware of those, as they will be rich in propositions and phrases, they can speak briefly on rich topics. Riven Pre-Intermediate adds brilliance and expands initial potential. There are more texts, more practical rights, new grammatical themes and collapsible speech structures. Those who speak on this level can include folding meals, the Past Continuous hour, different forms of the future hour, clever propositions, modal words, infinitives and gerunds, repetition of those fixed hours Past Simple (correct that wrong words) that Present Perfect, and deakі інші. In the plan of the young beginners, who have passed the Pre-Intermediate level, you can boldly cheat on the road and joke whether you can beat your knowledge in practice. So hard volodinnya English my at the Pre-Intermediate level, you can take part in the PET (Preliminary English Test) and BEC (Business English Certificate) Preliminary tests.

4. Intermediate - Medium. On the Intermediate level, knowledge is fixed, taken away at the previous stage, and a lot of new vocabulary is also added, including collapsible ones. For example, special characteristics of people, scientific terms, professional vocabulary and slang. The objects of the lesson are active and passive phrases, direct and indirect language, parables and adjectives, phrasal words and receivers, the order of words in folded sentences, and different articles. From grammatical hours, the difference between Present Simple and Present Continuous, Past Simple and Present Perfect, Past Simple and Past Continuous, as well as between different forms of expression of the future hour is examined in more detail. The texts on the Intermediate level become more and more important, and the texts become lighter and more important. The advantage of this stage is that the rich modern companies highly value specialists with the knowledge of Intermediate. So this rіven is ideally suitable for zatyatih mandrіvnіkіv, to the one who gives the opportunity to freely intellect the speaker and to hang out at the vodpovіd. From international tests, after successful completion of the middle level, you can add up the following tests: FCE (First Certificate in English) for B / C, PET Level 3, BULATS (Business Language Testing Service), BEC Vantage, TOEIC (Test of English) for International Communication), IELTS (International English Language Testing System) by 4.5-5.5 points and TOEFL (Test of English as a Foreign Language) by 80-85 points.

5. Upper Intermediate - Higher than the middle. If students switch to the same rіven, it means that they can easily understand the English language and easily speak, vikoristovuyuuyuchi that vocabulary stock, which is already pridbali. On the Upper-Intermediate level, it is possible to more victoriously speak English in practice, because the theory is three times less, and even є, then I repeat it better, and close the Intermediate line. From the innovation you can add Narrative Tenses (Define hours) to enter such difficult hours as Past Continuous, Past Perfect and Past Perfect Continuous. Likewise, the future hours of the Future Continuous and the Future Perfect, the living of articles, the modal words of the indirect language, the words of the indirect language, the hypothetical speech, the abstract names, the causal outpost and the richly different are looked at. Riven Upper-Intermediate is one of the most demanded both in the sphere of business and in the illuminating sphere. People who are fluent in English on a given equal footing can easily go through the conversation and enter into foreign foreign countries. After completing the Upper-Intermediate course, you can add up to FCE for A / B, BEC (Business English Certificate) Vantage or Higher, TOEFL for 100 points and IELTS for 5.5-6.5 points.

6. Advanced 1 - Apologies. Riven Advanced 1 is necessary for faculty and students who want to achieve high fluency in English. On the vіdmіnu vіd vіdnya Upper-Intermediate, there are a lot of cіkavih turnovers, including idiom. Knowing the hours of those other grammatical aspects, learned earlier, is less likely to be looked at from other different angles. The topics of discussion become more specific and professional, for example: the middle ground and natural disasters, legal processes, genres of literature, computer terms, too. After the Advanced level, you can get a special academic degree CAE (Cambridge Advanced English), as well as IELTS for 7 and TOEFL for 110 points, and you can apply for a prestigious job with foreign companies or a job with foreign universities.

7. Advanced 2 - Super slip. The name speaks for itself. You can boldly say that Advanced 2 is nothing more than that, the shards of the grave are worn by the mov, tobto. people who were born and grew up in the English middle ground. With such an equal, you can go through be-like spivbesid, among those of higher education, and add up be-like to sleep. With the highest score of English and academic CPE (Cambridge Proficiency Exam), and according to the IELTS test, it can be summed up for the highest score of 8.5-9.
This gradation is called ESL (English as a Second Language) or EFL (English as a Foreign Language) categorization equals and ranks association ALTE (Association of Language Testers in Europe). The system of equals can be changed, shifted stalely in the country, schools or organizations. For example, deyakі organіzаtsії shortly presented 7 equals to 5 and call them іх іnakshe: Beginner (Elementary), Lower Intermediate, Upper Intermediate, Lower Advanced, Upper Advanced. Prote zmіst and zmіst rivnіv vіd tsgogo do not change.

Another similar system of international hospitals under the abbreviation CEFR (Common European Framework of Reference for Languages) divides equal into 6 and other names:

1. A1 (Breakthrough) = Beginner - Cob
2. A2 (Waystage) = Pre-Intermediate
3. B1 (Threshold) = Intermediate
4. B2 (Vantage) = Upper-Intermediate
5. C1 (Proficiency)=Advanced 1
6. C2 (Mastery)=Advanced 2 - Super Slip

Shilni to self-criticism love to repeat, that they don’t know anything (want to really be able to take my words closer to the middle one and continue to regularly write down in the course of English), and shilni to marnoslavism sing in spіvbesіdі, to speak English until , can be "middle peasants").

For the intolerant, they change their ribs after the skin cup of cavi, the buttons on the top. This is made for your convenience: daily boring searches for the text, click on your health and take away your certificates - we are not at a disadvantage.

And for the most wise ones, who didn’t call fortune-telling in the midst of the thick, it’s pronounceable to abandon the rich English. Let's feel it, to the tune, by placing the world rozpovimo about those who are the same Elementary as Intermediate and chi terrible Advanced, like yoga is painted.

Let's evaluate the fundamental base - tobto. grammar. However, it is not possible to lay down the steps of the Volodinnya with foreign mine. That which can be spoken in English, but with such a sipati such a large number of pardons, that the spy can hardly guess, about which one should go. And you can put together propositions properly, sounding like a skin word, not swearing rude pardons - and in such a rite you create an enemy of people, like good English people.

Riven 0 - Full beginner(abo Povniy ... newbie)

The axis only does not need to be told at once, what is it. You know the name of the letter "i" or else you remember those schools like "teacher", "book" - boldly go far. Zero rіven is less for those who have learned more at school. Abo vzagali nіyakoї not vyvchav.

Riven 1 - Elementary(elementary)

Holmes rejoiced at such a name. That one is quieter, who has graduated from an excellent secondary school - tezh. To that, unfortunately, the broadest middle is quiet, who learned English through a stump-deck, and at the graduation day, radiofully got “three”.
What characterizes Elementary: you can read a lot of words with great patience (especially without any gh, th, ough), you have a vocabulary of mother, father, I am from Russia and other found phrases, and also you can catch some of the songs know.

Riven 2 - Upper-Elementary(Vishchy elementary)

Such a person can boast of a good and excellent school of English language students. And so often on the Upper-Elementary I myself sing the sounds of ty, who sang the language independently. Why? Scho Viknikiє ілузія завника инлійскиї: Slovenia Strip Vzhelnia, Schoba Pіdtimaty Yakіski Main ones for Roseki (Prinimnі in Gotelі for cordon you can be wondering without obscenennye), Khthanni Write to Ide Tsіlmi Dobre, і navіt american less sensible (more than 25).
Prote are so tempting. Especially how to marvel at other English movies.
You can shave from the great Elementary to Upper for a year for 80, which means you can get it done in a pot.

Riven 3 - Pre-Intermediate(Lower middle rіven)

If you have passed the English language rhyme test, you have taken the following result - our veil. To that tse - even more worthy of an English volodin. Zustrichaetsya at vіdminniki v zvichaynoї school, good spetіsіzovanої school and more quiet, who goes to English language courses with trips for the cordon.
What characterizes this riven: there are no common “f” or “t” in the language [θ] and the language of such a language does not have a strong Russian accent, the writing language is fully literate and understandable, you can speak on unknown topics for the help of simple speech. Zagalom - mid-range English movie Pre-Intermediate is most often heard by quiet people who are serious.

Riven 4 - Intermediate(Middle rіven)

Good result. Practically unattainable for schoolchildren at a secondary school, but quite real for those who don’t skimp on English lessons at a specialized school. The middle is quiet, who independently speaks the English language, far from everyone reaches the same level. Let’s sound in the front, so that Intermediate can be reached for about a few foreign courses from living, a lot of good courses or a tutor to take.
What characterizes this riven English movie: a reading of Wimov, a garniy stock of words, a smart way to talk on different topics, the ability to put together letters of letters (even to official documents), English films with subtitles to go with a bang.
With this equal you can take international tests TOEFL, IELTS.

Riven 5 - Upper-Intermediate(Upper middle rіven)

If you have passed the test for English language language and have taken such a result, you can write in your resume without deceit for a job: “English language is a free language”. The graduates of colleges at the Faculty of Foreign Languages ​​reach such a level.
What is characterized by: the ability to manipulate different styles in one’s own promotions (business, romanship, etc.), the ability to perform like a synchronous translation in an informal setting, a swedish reading, a comprehension of the folded style - moving newspapers and a magazine especially folding structures.

Riven 6 - Advanced(Stick through)

Tse, ymovirno, the peak, which can reach the English language in the country, is not official. Whoever manages to speak on the level of Advanced, is accepted by the comrades as people who have lived in the United States or the other English country.
You can actually get Advanced at the Faculty of Foreign Languages ​​at a college, not seeming like a university. It is necessary to bring, that 5 years, with a stretch of some rozmazuvatimetsya for 1-2 years a day for an English wedding, enough. And if you choose an intensive course, then the result will be achieved earlier.
What characterizes the riven of the English Advanced: by right, it is the volodinnya of the English language. Vimova Mayzhe without an accent, conducting official and unofficial conversations, working with a synchronous translator, clearer understanding of films / books / songs in the original, the presence of grammatical pardons in the written word, and the minimum presence of pardons in the word You can plan your career behind the cordon, as if you were trained in foreign universities.

Riven 7 - Super-Advanced(Super prone)

What is it like here? If so, then the computer, which is better for everything, gave the score on the test for the equal of the English.) For my Volodinnya on such a equal footing is the share of the aboriginals who live near the countryside, where English is accepted by my sovereignty.
What characterizes Super-Advanced Rhubarb? Show yourself that you should speak Russian. You will understand whether it is a mov, to learn how to rozmov two podlitkiv emo, as they will discuss those who are unknown to you. You understand the jargon. Ale, with all the help of the mysticism of the word, sparsely operating in terms and putting them together in a beautiful speech, without pardons (zokrema - stylistic). And now - those same English. Well yak?

Dia friend! Do you already see the sverbіzh at your fingers? Are the belts fastened? І more dosі here?
Tisnemo on the button - and forward! Don't forget to put paper in front of the printer to hand out the certificate and proudly show it to everyone.

especially for

Make your choice and take away the certificate

If you know only the English phrase of the Terminator, or if you have misunderstood the theory of imovirnosti “but what do you think is true” - don’t worry, take the certificate of a novice (“Full Beginner”) and rejoice.

And for everyone who can’t change their knowledge and enlist documentary evidence of their success, press the button “determine your English language” and take the test. Be honest with yourself!

Let me be with you English. advanced.

Classification of rivers in English language

Zalezhno vіd step vіdіnnyа timі іnshimi movnimmi novice, you can name kіlka rіvnіv znannya movi.

There is little classification, but it is not enough whether it is impossible to draw a clear line between equals.

On the level of the European Union, it is accepted from A to C, the skin group is subdivided into 2 subgroups. However, in our country, the widest, there is another classification, which includes 3 to 8 stems in different dzherelakh.

The middle one sees six:

  1. Basic. On this equal it is too early to talk about my volodinnya, I can only talk about the cob of education, knowledge of the basics.
  2. Elementary. On this square, a person is already aware of simple propositions and writings in large places. Vіn is also to blame for the future of elementary modern constructions, for example, introduce yourself, sleep on the road, rob the cafe too soon.
  3. Pre-Intermediate. This stage may be based on the knowledge of the basics of English grammar, and it is necessary to explain it in everyday terms with those who are mixed with foreigners with the garna of vimova. The average non-moving school gives its teachings approximately the same.
  4. . on such a level, it means a sense of sensibility when reading books and re-watching films, more competently sleeping and writing in more non-technical subjects.
  5. Upper Intermediate. At this stage, people are smart, let them and not without rough pardons, speak in written form, use all the grammar system of the English language, although you may not understand the subtleties and nuances that are mostly understood only by noses. Whose equal is sufficient for life, trained by that work behind the cordon.
  6. Advanced. This stage means only on equal terms - a great stock of vocabulary, knowledge of slang and common language, building can be easily combined with those, vicarious idioms and other tired expressions. Such a level can be reached only by trivial philanthropists of the language of the splurge.

Riven movie pre intermediate

Beginners on the river Pre-Intermediate

This step may, on the knowledge of the troch, is lower than the average, so that you can confirm my will on the everyday level.

Rozmovna mova that splkuvannya

  • Talking: smart with competent intonation, correct vim and not necessary to speak fluently on common topics
  • Rozuminnya movi: in the mind to understand calmly and inconsistently mov in situations of suspense-buttovoy interdependence Let’s talk not only about special splintering, but also, for example, about goloshennya on the streets, railway stations, airports, etc., talk on the phone, TV station

Reading that sheet

  • Reading Beginners: building to read correctly and understand the essence of the texts of the wild directness as an artistic, as well as a publicistic speech
  • Sheet navchiki: smart, describe the situation, the person you are going to, put together the main types of electronic messages - prohannya, vibachennya, ask.

Wash for a distant wedding of an English movie from equal Pre-Intermediate

Development of my current skills at the Pre-Intermediate course

Everything that is possible, and with the help of the main grammatical constructions, allows you to go from the simplest propositions to the linking and shifting on the next basic topics:

  • Sim'ya.
  • Purchases.
  • Transport.
  • Tell about yourself.

Pre-Intermediate - what's the price of an English movie? - Ask you. - What do you need to know about it for your own mastering?

Today we are encouraged to grow up in the same food.

Nasampered, next, clarify that this stage of learning has not been found or is most important. the building is much stronger: here, behind the statistics, it’s more difficult, or to bring more students with the “guinea” kintsy.

Riven Pre-Intermediate is an important team, that the indulgence ends here and preparations begin for the real, great and lakayuchy world of various and inexhaustible English movies. Get up and enjoy the indulgences: adapted texts, “sleepy” roses and easy grammar; prepare yourself mentally and physically until the end of your English childhood.

True, up to the point of needing more maturity. In the meantime, they are checking on you ...

Pre-Intermediate - what's the price of an English movie? Description

Pre-Intermediate- Tse still basic (also known as a pre-threshold) riven of the English movie. On the cob of yoga, learn to know already:

The stench of the building navit trohi vikoristati otrimanі knowledge:

  • read an easy adaptation of the text;
  • listen to the initial podcast , specially designed for new needs;
  • try to speak (it’s important to think about it, but the devil doesn’t get hot).

Ale, on whom all the fun will end; sіrі suvori weekdays and hundreds of years of important, smoky work are coming. Do you still want to know about those that you need?

Formally. Vіdpovіdno until the appointment of the Western European system of grading with foreign languages ​​(Common European Framework of Reference, CEFR), level A2 (for common people - Pre-Intermediate) includes:

The health of the mother is right with simple, direct information (without movnih vyshukuvan at the sight of phrasal words, idioms and other attributes of English literature) and speak to yourself as you know well.

Having translated from the harsh European Russian: you will find a miraculous building, you will open a company, grow into the world of rich-meaning “M-m-m!” and "Ah-ah-ah!".

Pre-Intermediate - what's the price? What do you need to know about it at any stage

grammar

On the Pre-Intermediate level, it is necessary to explore upcoming topics:

  • infinitive (infinitive);
  • punishment method dієslova;
  • Simple and Continuous hours;
  • hour Present Perfect;
  • food;
  • gerund;
  • modal words;
  • level of polishing of prikmetnikov;
  • passive outpost (passive voice);
  • grammatical construction of the future hour - be going to;
  • additional propositions for the hour;
  • difference between - a little, few, little, few.

I will add to the list of references on those that are necessary for passing the KET (Key English Test) - an exam in English language at the level of A2 (Pre-Intermediate) at the University of Cambridge - Grammar topics (A2).

vocabulary stock

In the process of learning grammar, reading and writing letters in a fluent manner, you can form a stock of words and phrases in your mind - 1 .500 -2 .000 (Check the current vocabulary stock to help with the selection of sites in zі statti -). Before the translation, various forms of words are included. For example:

2nd form of the word, which serves to create the simplest past hour (Past Simple):

  • correct words that are formed by adding the suffix - “- ed»;
  • , can be written individually (for example: "see-saw-seen" - three forms of the word "bachiti"); їх it is necessary to simply visualize.

Dієslovo z -ing:

  • take part in the approved continuation hours (Continuous tenses);
  • the form “gerund” is an important name: teaching – teaching; speaking - speaking.

So I’ll add a message to the set of tasks, so as to allow for a wide range or lack of vocabulary: to allow expansion in Pre-Intermediate and understanding, what is the cost of a part of the vocabulary - Vocabulary topics (A2).

Reading

Including building:

  • understand the propositions and often sing words in foreign languages, connected with the basic information about yourself and your family, go shopping, those good clothes;
  • read a short text from a small amount of unknown vocabulary.

An example of the text in a vіdpovіdnoї folding:

“Remember, my friend, the gold was not taken – it was still there, on the floor. So what kind of thief is that? A very, very stupid one, a thief who murders 2 women and then he leaves, forgets to take the gold with him!” The Murders in the Rue Morgue

Audio bath

Turn on the rhetoric of a clear move of the middle tempo:

  • in short dialogues with familiar vocabulary;
  • in small records with a minimal set of grammatical constructions and unknown words.

Reverse the audio novice at once with audio recordings about the jokes of life, plan for the weekend, go shopping and talk about it (the most immortal and uncompromised topics in the history of human civilization) - Listening practice (A2).

Sheet

Here you are guilty to learn:

  • write simple reminders: guessing at the refrigerator, a note to a member of your family or friends;
  • put together short texts (10-15 words) for the help of a dictionary, which include additional typing of grammatical constructions.

The self-verification of some of the active beginners (the sheet of that language) will be even more foldable. Required:

Mova

For riches, the most foldable aspect of whether it be a foreign movie. But, fortunately, everything that is needed at the Pre-Intermediate stage is:

  • splkuvannya and exchange of information on known topics, on the most basic level - one-word propositions;
  • clarification in simple words of important food, that there are sharpening of those urgent needs.

True, in order to distort knowledge, to happen (as in the case of Liszt), or to strongly improve from the recording of the voice and the place for the recording of the recording, or to know the course / tutor.

Term Fermentation Pre-Intermediate

Deposit per number of factors:

Varying between species 4 months (with a good base and a flexible training schedule) to rock(When trained practically from scratch).

To refer to the European grading system, then remember the number in 200 godin.

Obviously, the term can be stretched to the point of inconsistency: it’s too late to start, don’t report zusil, or skip classes, try to get busy, head-bill and filthy moods. If you observe your own strength until the night like English, then throw a bucket and do not suffer. You won’t be able to take anything like that, but you’ll waste your strength for an hour.

Why won't you be mean? The one that is the basis of a successful education, be it a move, is not a new-fangled method and a cool tutor, but post-intelligence. Rush in small crumbs, good practice - the axis of the pledge to success.

Razvitok novice on equal Pre-Intermediate

Dekіlka posilan, pointing more, obviously can not be seen as a full aid to the development of the English language. To that I have virіshiv okremo vkazati on materials, yakі allow to practice along the whole way to the level of Intermediate.

We concentrate on the basic aspects (most important on the first steps) - "Reading" and "Audience".

Reading adapted literature

Here I will hang a special thought. My little IMO - In My Opinion (in my opinion) about literature at the stages of Beginner, Elementary and Pre-Intermediate.

Concentrate on Adapted Books!

The best site with adapted texts, which I have found for myself a piece of rock for that - English-e-books(Report descriptions of the whole resource). Literature zvіdti, povіlno vydryayuchisya on "gatherings", I koristuvavsya pon pіvroku.

Why are the books adapted from that site? There are a few reasons for this:

  • Reading: without dents on long texts, searches for texts that fit for folding. For that, it’s the best, that a beginner can develop for the development of a newbie reading - read. Read a lot!
  • Clear rozpodіl folding let the right one go straight ahead: you don’t just know that this book is coming, but if you become offensive.
  • Obviously, this site is not the only one with adapted books and, perhaps, it is not the largest after the catalog, but yogic selection is definitely enough, so that a person from the same “forgotten school program” was amazed by reading books in the original.(to myself) I'm not talking about children's picture books and "Kinsk" font, but about a whole lot of "serious" adult literature: "Potteriad", "Hungry in Games", "Twilight, hauntings at the darkness."

In terms of cost from Beginner to Intermediate, more than 75% can become a creative resource. The other 25% (for versatility and re-wiring) can be easily taken along the “Line of Merezhevy Blukach”:

Pre-intermediate (pre-threshold rіven) - tse such a rіven volodіnnya englishskoy, in case of zdatnі zrazumіti sens znayomih vrazіv, you can put simply zapіnіnіa і know the basic rules of grammar. But speaking spontaneously is still important for you, that vocabulary stock is still small for free language. The rules of grammar are being guessed, but zastosovuvati їх bezpomilkovo practical yet not go into. You can check your rive on our website by visiting .
Let's take a look specifically, what kind of knowledge does that person have with equal English pre-intermediate.

Grammar (Grammar) on equal pre-intermediate

Tse, obviously, just a short review of the grammar passed. Tse foundations of what the student of Volodya is on equal pre-intermediate. In fact, there is still a lot of topics that are worthy of priymennikov, articles, prikmetnikov, warehouse names and others.

Vocabulary stock of rіvnya pre-intermediate

Your vocabulary stock is close 2000 slіv ​​ta virazіv. Lessons, yakі vy vyvchali, vengeance vocabulary on those: The world aroud us, people, daily life, work, leisure and entertainment, communication and technology, social concerns, tourism

You can evaluate the number of English words, you know, for the help site: www.testyourvocab.com

Rozmova (Speaking) on ​​equal pre-intermediate

You can speak English about the weather, about family, about school or class, about yourself, about those you love to work, about your profession, about your beloved creature, about the country, about celebrities and other similar speeches. In addition, in the building, raise your mind to the subject of rozmov, rozpovist, what suits you, and what does not fit in the connection with the broken topic. From the nose of the movie, you can sing it to the telephone rozmov, for sure, it’s obvious that she’ll say it correctly, that’s okay.

Reading

Sheet (Writing)

We can write a small volume of equal pre-intermediate texts on the basis of those listed earlier in the paragraph about Rozmov. We can also write, or send electronic reminders, and also welcome someone to the saint.

These were the main points that characterize the titles of the pre-threshold rіven of the English language.

 
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