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What are conductors, conductors and dielectrics. What is a conductor and a dielectric? relative data about the nursery and the surface support of the village

tree є conductor or dielectric? and taking away the best vіdpovіd

Reply to Olena Malikov
dielectric. a little dry.

Vidpovid vіd 2 types[guru]

Vitannia! Axis dobirka іz vіdpovіdyami on your request: wood є conductor chi dielectric?

Vidpovid vіd Andriy Rizhov[guru]
dielectric

Vidpovid vіd www[Newbie]
dielectric

Vidpovid vіd white rabbit[guru]
Dry is a dielectric.
Alive - hot and filthy, ale conductor, moreover - ionny (juices - electrolyte)

Vidpovid vіd yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyying[guru]
marveling skilki rokiv tree

Vidpovid vіd Oleksiy[expert]
Dry dielectric.

Vidpovid vіd Yoadivnik[guru]
The electrical conductivity of the wood is mainly deposited in the її moisture, breed, straight fibers and temperature. Wood in a dry mill does not conduct an electric stream, so it is a dielectric, which allows it to be stuck as an insulating material.
For example, papers, leaks are vikoristovuetsya in capacitors and transformers.
I myself often insert a zapobіzhnik for the help of a zoshit sheet.
Ale is by no means a dry tree.
As I remember at once, I was struck by a strum, if I took a dry twist with a wooden handle and went to the vimikach.
And it’s better to sleep an opir tree.
Bliskavka often hits trees with roots, which penetrates deeply into the soil. Why?
Trees with roots, which penetrate the deep aquifers of the soil, are more likely to be planted from the earth, and therefore, under the influx of electrified hmar, significant charges of electricity accumulate on them, which are added from the earth, mayut sign, opposite to the sign of the charge of hmar.
Zavdyaki roots, which go deep into the ground, the oak is good grounding, that wine is often afflicted with bliss.
The electric strum passes mainly between the bark and the pine tree, so that in quiet places, the tree sap is concentrated the most, so that it is good to conduct electricity.
Stovbur of resinous wood, for example pine, may have a significantly larger opir, lower bark and podkirkovy ball. Therefore, in the pines, the electric stream of the sparkle passes over the outer spheres without penetrating the middle. As if a sparkle hit a tree in a leaf, then a strum runs through the middle. At the village of these trees there is a lot of juice that boils under the electric stream. Bet that they have made up their minds to cut a tree.
The wooden support provides significant insulation from the point of the gap of impulse overvoltage (lightning resistance), it can extinguish the power arc of the crossover and secure the high opir of the lancet to the ground. The values ​​of power are victorious to reduce the number of thunderstorms, including submarines and security.
The impulse power of the body of the wooden support is over 200 kV/m. Such dominance is more typical in areas with high thunderstorm activity. The blow of a bliskavka to strike on a significant line in the line can be inducted on the submarine by an overvoltage with an amplitude of hundreds of kilovolts. The presence of wooden supports, including the overlap of insulation and the inclusion of lines in such slopes.
The high support of wooden supports ensures the safety of the lines for people at times of poor basic insulation. Opіr tіla support to lie down in the deposit. For example, the minimum opir of a pine tree becomes close to 20 kOhm / m, and the dry one is 100 times greater than the average one.
The high opir of the village and the high transitional opir at the dotik of the person to the support with poor insulation are between the strum through the person with values ​​that are not unsafe for life (40-100 mA).

Electrical conductivity. The building of the village is to conduct an electric jet to lie down in the form of an electric support.

The latest support of the village, placed between two electrodes, is seen as the result of two supports: volumetric and superficial. The greatest value for characterizing the electrical conductivity of the material is the first type of support, an indicator of which nursery maє razmіrnіst Ohm · cm і numerically equal support when the struma passes through two protilezhnі faces of the cube with dimensions 1x1x1 cm of the seen material (wood).

The wood is brought up to dielectrics (10 8 -10 17 ohm cm). For her zastosovnі method of vimiryuvannya supports of solid dielectrics at a constant voltage. To the improvement of the specifics of the wood and the methods of vikoristan TsNDIMOD in the development of GOST 18408-73.

In different pores, the electrical conductivity is different, but in all pores, the fibers are more wide, lower, opposite to the fibers.

Due to the changes in the water content of the village, the opir is changing. A particularly sharp decrease in the support (tens of millions of times) is expected to be increased in the place of the links of the water, so that when passing through a completely dry village, the village will reach the boundary between the walls of the walls of W p. . Away from the increase in waterfall, the falling support is less than tens of hundreds of times. This is explained by the decrease in the accuracy of the determination of moisture by electrologomers in the region above W p. .

Increase the temperature of the wood to produce a change in volume support. On average, it is taken into account that the increase in the temperature of the tree on the skin is 12 ° C, which leads to a decrease in the support approximately twice.

The electrical conductivity of the village is protected at the slopes, if the tree is blocked for making a link, a line of high-voltage transmissions, and handles of power tools.

Electricity. This is the name of the building of the village to resist the breakdown, so that the support is lowered under great stresses. For designing the electrical power of a tree with a changing voltage with a frequency of 50 Hz in TsNDIMOD buv splitting GOST 18407-73. As an indicator of electrical properties, E pr is the ratio of the breakdown voltage to the thickness of the material, kV / mm.

The electrical power of an absolutely dry wood of fibers should be 1.3-1.5 kV / mm, which is 4-7 times less, lower across the fibers. Due to the increase in moisture, the electric power is significantly reduced. Following the BelTI data, the volume is reduced by two times with a change in water content from 10 to 14%. The electric power of the wood is small compared with other solid insulating materials (there was a slope of E pr = 30, for polyethylene - 40 kV / mm). To increase the electrical power, the wood is dripped with paraffin, linseed oil, piece resins and other speeches.

Dielectric power. The tree, which is in the changing electric field, shows its dielectric power, as it is characterized by two ostentatious people. The first one is the good dielectric penetration ε - numerically more advanced capacity of the capacitor with a gasket from the wood to the capacity of the capacitor with an increased gap between the electrodes. Another indicator - the tangent of the cut of the electrical inputs tg - signifies a part of the reduced tension, as if it is covered with wood and transformed into warmth.

Dielectric penetration absolutely dry villages with large thickets of growth. So, in the balsa tree (ρ 0 \u003d 130 kg / m 3), the dielectric penetration across the fibers in the frequency range of 10-10 11 Hz becomes 1.3 at the average, and in the hornbeam (ρ 0 \u003d 800 kg / m 3) - 2, 6. Penetration of uzdovzh fibers is greater in the average by 1.4 times. With the increase in the moisture content of the village, it does not increase, so for driving the value of the indicator in the frequency range of 10-1011 Hz becomes 81-7.5. For tribute G.I. Torgovnikova, at a moisture content of 10% and a temperature of 20 ° C for a wood with a thickness of ρ 0 \u003d 500 kg / m 3 at a frequency of 10 4 Hz it is good 4.2, at a frequency of 10 10 Hz - 2.0, and with a moisture content of 60% it is obviously good 65 and 6.6. An increase in temperature from -40 to 100 ° C for dry wood should be brought to an insignificant increase (approximately 1.3 times). To increase the temperature of the vologo village to a greater improvement.

Tangent kuta dielectric inputs also lie in the thick of the village. Across the fibers tg with a width of ρ 0 = 500 kg / m 3 and room temperature in the frequency range of 10-10 5 Hz become 0.005-0.007, and with a width of ρ 0 = 800 kg / m 3 the indicator is 0.007-0.02. Uzdovzh fibers tg hanging, lower across the fibers, in the middle by 1.7 times. With the increase in moisture tg zbіshuєtsya. The fallow of this type of frequency may have a folding character. So, for wood with a thickness of ρ 0 \u003d 500 kg / m 3 at a temperature of 20 ° C and a moisture content of 80%, the value of tg δ at a frequency of 10 3 Hz reaches 74, at a frequency of 10 8 Hz it decreases to 0.2, and in the region of supratemporal frequencies (1010 Hz) rises to 0.34. An increase in the temperature of an absolutely dry wood results in a decrease in tg, but in the low-frequency region, this indicator grows. In watery woods (W = 25%), heat up to a daily increase in tg δ, but in the area of ​​low-frequency wines it changes insignificantly.

During the hour of electric heating, the temperature rises at the same time throughout the entire village. It is practical to know such a method of heating in the processes of drying, gluing and soaking wood. Heating in the low-frequency field can be done for drying wood, for surface cutting of logs before quilting and sawing.

P'ezoelectric power. On the surface of anisotropic plates made of crystals (quartz, tourmaline, Rochelle's strength), when drawn apart, electric charges appear: positive on one side and negative on the other. Electric charges are blamed for the action of mechanical forces, a vice, to which the phenomenon is called direct p'zoelectric effect(the word "p'ez" means a vice). Designated materials may have a positive p'zoelectric effect - their dimensions change under the influence of the electric field. Plates from these crystals are widely used as viprominuvachiv and priymachiv in ultrasonic technology.

The studies of V. A. Bazhenov showed that wood can be so powerful, that it is possible to avenge the orientation of the component - cellulose. The greatest p'zoelectric effect is observed with the addition of compressive and tensile tension at a cut of 45° to the fibers. Navantazhennya, spryamovani strictly vzdovzh or across the fibers, which effect can not be called. Particularly noteworthy is the p'zoelectric effect manifested in dry wood, with an increase in the moisture content of the wines it changes and already for the moisture content of 6-8% may be more familiar. With temperature rises up to 100 ° C, the effect increases. As the spring modulus of a tree, it has less piezoelectric effect.

This phenomenon makes it possible to better understand the fine structure of wood, to characterize the anisotropy levels of natural wood and new materials in villages. It is victorious for the development of non-ruining methods in controlling the hardness of the tree.

If you knew a pardon, be kind, see a fragment of the text and press it Ctrl+Enter.

Building conduct an electric stream characterizes the electric opіr of the village. In a wild way, the new support of the village, placed between two electrodes, is shown as the result of two supports: a large one and a superficial one. The volume opir numerically characterizes the passage of the passage of the struma across the surface of the streak, and the surface opir indicates the passage of the passage of the strum along the surface of the streak. Indications of the electric support є petomy volume and surface opir. The first of the names shows the size of the ohm per centimeter (ohm x cm) and the numerical strength of the support when the struma passes through two protilezhnі faces of the cube with a size of 1X1X1 cm from this material (wood). Another pokaznik is measured in ohms and numerically more advanced the support of the square, whether it be expanded on the surface of the village, leading the struma to the electrodes, which borders the two protracted sides of this square. Electricity is to be deposited in the form of a tree of a village and a straight line to the stream. As an illustration of the order of magnitude of the volumetric and surface support in Table. given deakі data.

relative data about the nursery and the surface support of the village

To characterize the electrical conductivity, the most important value is the number of volumes of opir. Opіr is heavily deposited in the water of the village. Because of the changes in the place of the waters near the village, the opir is changing. Particularly sharply lowered the support is due to the increase in the place of the pov'yazanoї vologii in an absolutely dry state to a mezhі hygroscopicity. When tsimu pytomy volume opir changes in millions of times. Away from the increase in moisture, the falling support is less than a dozen times. The purpose is to illustrate the data in Table.

nursery of the village in a completely dry camp

pouring water into the electric opir of the village

The surface support of the wood is also reduced due to the increased moisture content. Increase the temperature and bring the support of the tree to a change in volume. So, the opir of a tree of a false tree at an increase in temperature from 22-23 ° to 44-45 ° C (approximately double) falls by 2.5 times, and a tree of a beech at an increase in temperature from 20-21 ° to 50 ° C - by 3 times. For negative temperatures, the volume of the tree grows. Pitomy volume opir vzdovzh fibers zrazkiv birch wood 76% at a temperature of 0 ° C becoming 1.2 x 10 7 ohm cm, and when cooled to a temperature of -24 ° C, it appeared equal to 1.02 x 10 8 ohm cm. minerals (for example, zinc chloride) change the amount of opir, however, as seepage of creosote, it is little affected by electrical conductivity. The electrical conductivity of a tree can be of practical importance, if it is stagnant for stovpiv zvyazku, schogl high-voltage transmissions, handles of power tools, and so on.

Electricity of the village

The electrical value is significant when assessing the wood as an electrically insulating material and is characterized by a breakdown voltage in volts per 1 cm of the thickness of the material. Electricity of the village is not high and lie down in the form of breed, moisture, temperature directly. With the increase in moisture, the temperature will decrease; vzdovzh fibers won signifi- cantly lower, lower across. Data about the electrical power of the village vzdovzh and across the fibers is shown in Table.

electric power of the tree vzdovzh that across the fibers

With a moisture content of a pine tree of 10%, the electric power was reduced in kilovolts per 1 cm of a dresser: fiber vzdovzh 16.8; in the radial direction 59.1; in a tangential straight line 77.3 (the designation was carried out on 3 mm stripes). Like Bachimo, the electric power of the tree is about 3.5 times less than the fibers, lower across the fibers; in the radial direction, the force is less, in the lower direction, in the tangential direction, the shards of the core exchange change the breakdown voltage. The increase in moisture content from 8 to 15% (dvіchі) reduces the electric power across the fibers by about 3 times (on average for beech, birch and wilkha).

Elektrichna Mіtsnіst (at Kіlovoltov for 1 cm Tovshchini) paraffin, piece resins; The effectiveness of such seepage can be seen from the coming data about birch wood: seepage with linseed oil increases the penetration strength of fibers by 30%, transformer oil - by 80%, paraffin - may be doubled with penetration strength for dry-dry non-leaked wood.

dielectric power of the village

The value, as it shows, increases the capacitance of the capacitor more often, so that if you repeat the gaps between the plates, replace it with such a gasket from this material, it is called the dielectric penetration of this material. The dielectric penetration (dielectric has become) for these materials is shown in Table.

dielectric penetration of certain materials

Data for the wood show a mark of difference between the dielectric penetration of air and across the fibers; at the same time, the dielectric penetration across the fibers of the radial and tangential straight lines is little. The dielectric penetration at the high frequency field lies in the frequency of the struma and the water content of the village. With an increase in the frequency of the struma, the dielectric penetration of the beech wood of the fibers at a moisture content of 0 to 12% changes, which is especially noticeable for a moisture content of 12%. With an increase in the moisture content of a beech tree, the dielectric penetration of the fibers increases, which is especially noticeable at a lower frequency of the struma.

At the high frequency field, the wood heats up; The reason for the heating is to spend on the Joule heat in the middle of the dielectric, which is blown under the influx of the alternating electromagnetic field. At the cost of heating, a part of the energy that is supplied is shown, the value of which is characterized by the tangent of the cost cut.

The tangent of the cut of the flow to lie in a straight line of the field of the number of fibers: the width of the fibers of the fibers is approximately twice the greater, lower across the fibers. Across the fibers in the radial and tangential straight lines, the tangent of the cut of the inflow is little disturbed. The tangent of the cut of the dielectric inputs, as well as the dielectric penetration, to deposit according to the frequency of the stream and the water content of the tree. So, for an absolutely dry beech wood, the tangent of the cut of the fibers in the increase in the frequency increases, reaching a maximum at a frequency of 107 Hz, after which it starts to decrease again. At the same hour, with a moisture content of 12%, the tangent of the cut in the increase in frequency drops sharply, reaches a minimum at a frequency of 10 5 Hz, then sharply increases.

the maximum value of the tangent of the cost of dry wood

In case of increased water content of beech wood, the tangent of the cut of the fiber joint increases sharply at low (3 x 10 2 Hz) and high (10 9 Hz) frequencies and may not change at a frequency of 10 6 -10 7 Hz.

By way of succession of dielectric authorities of the pine village and taking away cellulose from it, lgnina and pitch was installed, which tsі authorities are signified by cellulose. Heating the wood in the field of high frequency streams to know the stagnation in the processes of drying, seepage and gluing.

p'zoelectric power of the village

On the surface of the active dielectrics under the mechanical stresses, electric charges appear. Ce, due to the polarization of the dielectric, has a direct p'zoelectric effect. The piezoelectric power was more or less manifested in quartz, tourmaline, Rochelle salt and other crystals. These materials may also have a p'zoelectric effect, which affects the fact that they are changed under the influence of an electric field. Plates from these crystals are widely used as viprominuvachiv and priymachiv in ultrasonic technology.

These phenomena appear in single crystals, and in a whole series of other anisotropic solid materials, called p'zoelectric textures. The p'zoelectric powers of power were also manifested near the village. It has been established that the main bearing of p'zoelectric authorities in wood - її orientation component - cellulose. The intensity of the polarization of a tree is proportional to the magnitude of the mechanical stress in relation to the applied external forces; The proportionality factor is called a p'zoelectric module. For example, the occurrence of a p'zoelectric effect, in such a rank, is brought to a higher value of p'zoelectric modules. In connection with the anisotropy of the mechanical and p'ezoelectric powers of the village, indications are assigned to lie in direct mechanical susceptibility of the polarization vector.

The greatest p'zoelectric effect is observed at compressive and tensile tensions at a cut of 45 ° to the fibers. Mechanical stresses, straightened strictly ventilated or across the fibers, do not exude a p'zoelectric effect near the wood. At the table the value of p'zoelectric modules for certain types has been specified. The maximum p'zoelectric effect is observed in a dry wood, with an increase in the moisture content of the wines it changes, and then it rises. So, even for a water content of 6-8%, the magnitude of the p'zoelectric effect is already small. With temperature rises up to 100 ° C, the value of the p'zoelectric module increases. With a small spring deformation (high spring modulus) of a tree, the p'zoelectric modulus changes. P'ezoelektrichny module to deposit also in view of other factors; however, the largest impact on the yogo value is the orientation of the cellulose warehouse village.

p'zoelectric modules of wood

Reveal the presence, giving you the opportunity to better understand the fine structure of the wood. Indicators of the p'zoelectric effect can be calculus characteristics of cellulose orientation and, moreover, are important for the development of anisotropy of natural wood and new villages of materials from the tasks assigned to them by the authorities.

With the appearance in our life of electricians, few people knew about its power and parameters, and as conductors vikoristovuvali different materials, it was remembered that with the same and the same magnitude of the voltage, the struma was strummed at a slower, more variable voltage value. Bulo ozumіlo, scho on the same type of material, that zastosovuєtsya like a conductor. If you were busy with food, then there were problems with the stench, but the material had a charge of electronics. І zdatnistst conduct an electric stream is isolated by the presence of free electrons in the material. Bulo z'yasovano, scho deakі materials tsikh elektronіv large number, And in others, there are none. In such a rank, materials are founded, like, but deyaki do not think of such a building.
In view of everything that has been said, all the materials were divided into three groups:

• guides;
• napіvprovіdniki;
• dielectrics;

Skin from the group is widely known in electrical engineering.

Explorers

Guides є materials that are good for conducting an electric jet, they are used for the preparation of darts, cable products, contact groups, windings, tires, streak conductors and tracks. More important is the large number of electrical extensions and devices built on the basis of conductor materials. Not only that, I will say that the whole electric power industry could not have been based on the yakbi not a lot of speeches. Before the group of conductors, they include us metal, deyakі rіdini and gas.

Also, you can guess which middle conductors are super conductors, which are practically worth zero, such materials are more expensive and expensive. І conductors with a high support - tungsten, molybdenum, nichrome thinly. Such materials are vicorous for the preparation of resistors, heating elements and spirals of lighting lamps.

Alelev's part in the electrical field belongs to the cross conductors: copper, silver, aluminium, steel, various metals and metals. These materials are known for the widest and greatest zastosuvannya in electrical engineering, especially for midi and aluminum, because they stink cheaply, and they stosuvannya as conductors of electric jet are the most important. Navit mid is surrounded by its own vikoristanny, її zastosovat like winding wires, luggage cables, and more secondary outbuildings, the mid busbar trunkings are more easily tapped. And the aluminum axis is considered the king of the middle conductors of the electric stream, let the wine be more high-pitched opir lower mid, but it will be compensated for by the low vartistyu and the resistance to corrosion. Vіn widely zastosovuєtsya in elektropostachannі, in cable products, in repeated lines, bus ducts, etc. etc., etc.

Napіvprovіdniki

Napіvprovіdniki, among the middle conductors and the conductors. The main feature of theirs and their staleness is to conduct an electric stream from the best minds. The key mind is the presence of different houses in the material, which ensures the ability to conduct an electric jet. So it is with the singing arrangement of two filling materials. On the basis of these materials at the moment, it is possible to determine the nameless conductors of the outbuildings: , light diodes, transistors,semistories, thyristors, stablestories, various microcircuits. Іsnuє tsіla science, assigned to heaters and outbuildings on their basis: electronic technology. All computers, mobile attachments. That scho say there, practically all of our technology to avenge napіvprovіdnikovі elements.

The following materials can be added to the filling materials: silicon, germanium, graphite, gr. Afen, Indian and Ind.

Dielectrics

Well, the rest of the group of materials dielectrics , speeches are not built to conduct an electric stream. To such materials, you can bring: wood, paper, wind, oil, ceramics, slop, plastics, polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, gum thinly. The dielectrics got a wide zastosuvannya zastosuvanya zavdyakovy their yakosty. Їх zastosovuyt as an insulating material. The stench protects the closure of two strum parts, does not allow the direct dot of a person to reach these parts. The role of a dielectric in electrical engineering is no less important than the role of conductors, the oscillators ensure stable, safe operation of all electrical and electronic appliances. At all dielectrics, there is a boundary, until such a stench is not built, to conduct an electric stream, which is called a breakdown voltage. This is such a show, when a dielectric begins to let an electric stream pass, when a vision of heat is seen, that ruining the dielectric itself. The value of the breakdown voltage for the skin dielectric material is different and induced in the finishing materials. Chim vіn vishchy, tim more beautifully, more importantly, the electrician is more important.

The parameter that characterizes the building is to conduct an electric stream, є nursery opir R , alone in the world [ Ohm ] that conductivity, support return value. What is the parameter, then the higher material is to conduct an electric jet. At conductors, wines are more expensive, in a few tenths, up to hundreds of ohms. Dielectrics have access to dozens of millions of ohms.

All three types of materials are widely used in the electric power industry and electrical engineering. And also closely mutually pov'yazani one with one.

Dielectric - the same material or speech, as it practically does not let the electric stream through. Such conductivity comes from a small number of electrons and ions. These particles are settled in materials, so do not conduct an electric stream, only when reaching high temperature authorities. About those who are such a dielectric and can be found in this article.

Description

A leather electronic or radio technical conductor, a conductor or a charge conductor, a dielectric passes an electric stream through itself, and the peculiarity of a dielectric is that it can be wound into a new one at high pressure over 550 bude a stream of small size. The electric stream at the dielectric is the whole charge of particles at the singing directly (it can be positive or negative).

Vidi strumiv

The electrical conductivity of dielectrics is based on:

• Absorptive strum - strum, which flows in the dielectric with a constant strum until quiet pir, until I reach the level of brilliance, changing directly when the power is turned on and when the voltage is turned on and when it is turned on. With a changing stream, the voltage of the dielectric will be present at night for the whole hour, while being in the dielectric of the electric field.
• Electronic electrical conductivity - the movement of electrons under the field.
• Іonna elektroprovіdnіst - tser ruh іoniіv. To be found in the ranges of electrolytics - salt, acid, meadow, as well as in rich dielectrics.
• Molonna electrical conductivity - the movement of charged particles, called molons. To be found in column systems, emulsions and suspensions. The manifestation of the movement of lightning in the electric field is called electrophoresis.

Classify behind the aggregate camp and chemical nature. The first to divide on solid, native, gas-like and solid. Due to the chemical nature, they are subdivided into organic, inorganic and elemental organic materials.

Behind the aggregate mill:

• Electrical conductivity of gases. In gas-like speeches, the conductivity of the struma is low. Vіn can be blamed for the presence of charged charged particles, which is due to the influx of external and internal, electronic and ion factors: x-ray exposure and radioactive species, molecular closure and charged particles, thermal factors.
• Electrical conductivity of a rare dielectric. Officials of the fallow: the structure of the molecule, temperature, houses, the presence of great charges of electrons and ions. The electrical conductivity of rare dielectrics is rich in why to lie in the presence of a vologist and houses. The conductivity of the electricity of the polar speeches is also created with the aid of a source of dissociated ions. In case of polar and non-polar rіdins, it is obvious that the conductivity is superior. How to cleanse the homeland like houses, accepting the change of authority. With an increase in conductivity and її temperature, a change in її viscosity is caused, which leads to an increase in the friability of ions.
• Solid dielectrics. The electrical conductivity is connected as the movement of the charging parts of the electrician and the houses. In the tight fields of the electric struma, electrical conductivity is observed.

Physical power of dielectrics

If you use a support material that is less than 10-5 Ohm * m, it can be carried to conductors. Anything more than 108 Ohm * m - up to dielectrics. It is possible to fall, if the nursery opir will be in times greater than the conductor's opir. In the interval 10-5-108 Ohm * m, there is a conductor. The metal material is the main conductor of the electric stream.

According to the Mendelian tables, only 25 elements can be seen to non-metal, and 12 of them, perhaps, will be the power of the conductor. Ale, zrozumilo, krіm speechovin tablі, іsnuє shche vlіch alloys, compositions chi khіmіchnіh spoluk іz vlastivistyu provіdnik, navіvіdnіka chi dielektrika. For this reason, it is important to draw a line between the meaning of various speeches with their own supports. For example, with a reduced temperature factor, the conductor is similar to a dielectric.

Zastosuvannya

The choice of materials that do not conduct an electrical strum is already widespread, even if it is one of the popularly chosen classes of electrical components. It began to dawn on me that it is possible to zastosovuvaty zastosovuvaty authorities in an active and passive way.

In a passive look of power, dielectrics are vicorated for stosuvannya in electrical insulating material.

In an active look, the stench is found in ferroelectricity, as well as in materials for high-performance laser technology.

Basic dielectrics

Until the sights that are often chanted, one can see:

• Sklo.
• Guma.
• Naphtha.
• Asphalt.
• Portselyan.
• Quartz.
• Repeat.
• Diamond.
• Pure water.
• plastics.

What is a dielectric rare?

The polarization of the same kind is seen in the field of electric strum. Rіdkі strumoprovіdnі speech vikorivuyutsya in tehnіtsі for pouring or oozing materials. Є 3 classes of rare dielectrics:

Oily oils are weakly viscous and more importantly non-polar. Їx often vicorist in high-voltage equipment: high-voltage drives. - not a polar dielectric. Cable oil has been known to stagnate at leaking insulating-paper wires with a voltage on them up to 40 kV, as well as coating on the basis of metal with a stream of more than 120 kV. Ol_ya is transformer in pov_vnyann_ z condenser maє more pure structure. The Danish type of dielectric has a wide breadth in variety, regardless of the great compatibility, it is paired with analogous speeches and materials.

What is a synthetic dielectric? In this hour, it is practical to cut the vines of the fences through the high toxicity, which vibrates on the basis of chlorinated coal. A rare dielectric, based on organic silicon, is safe and environmentally friendly. This species does not call for metal irzhі and may have small hygroscopicity. The use of dielectric power, which is to avenge organofluorine since it is especially popular due to its incombustibility, thermal power and oxide stability.

І the remaining look, the whole olives. The stinks are weakly polar dielectrics, you can see lyane, castor, tung, hemp before them. Castor oil gets very hot and stagnates in paper condensers. Other oils - evaporate. Viparyuvannya in some cases is not a natural vipar, but a chemical reaction called polymerization. Actively zastosovuєtsya in enamels and farbs.

Visnovok

In the article, it was reported that it was a dielectric. Bully guessing see different that їх power. Obviously, in order to understand all the subtlety of their characteristics, to be more vicious, I divided physics about them.