Rіznі pіdkhodi schodo vyznachennya finansіv. The process of splitting and redistributing financial resources. Approach of business scientists to the development of financial science
An overview of the literary sources on the topic:
Finance: understanding, basic functions. The financial system of the state.
Vikonav student group Em-221101 U ... ..
Intro.
Finance is equal to the young economic science. The term "finance" itself was a vinnik in the XIII-XV centuries and meant less financial blue. In the past, in the XVI-XIX centuries, finances were introduced by the sovereign vidatki. And in the 19th-20th centuries, a number of companies came here. In the light of this difference in economy, to give a different understanding of the concept of "finance", as if it were possible to have significant and insignificant differences. The author of “Finance” assistant A.G. Gryaznov states that “finance is a term that has no single point of view for today. The versatility of financial confusion is explained by different heads of the university of understanding (academic chi applied pidkhid), different philosophical and economic schools. At that very hour, the author does not block those other points in the light of the designation of this term.
Understanding "finance".
Author initial assistant"Financy" O.V. Malinovska, I.P. Skoboleva characterize the category of "financials", presented in the Russian scientific school, which is formed from the definition of "financials" given by other authors in their robots. Let's take a look at them, as well as the designation of other literary sources, and also try to equalize them, reveal similarities and vіdmіnnosti.
Pod'yablonska L. M. at the assistant of the "State and municipal finance" gives the following appointment:
Finances are economically viable, tied to mouldings, victories and rozpodіl koshtіv, necessary vikonannya functions of the state and the accomplishment of economic, social and political goals.
G. B. Polyak, the assistant of “Financy”, was given a little more appointment:
Finances are economically viable, which are important in penny forms between the main ruling subjects - enterprises, domestic governments and that power. G. Gryaznova declares finance in the following order:
Fіnansi - sukupnіst penny vіdnosin s drive rozpodіlu vartostі vnutrіshnogo gross product dohodіv od zovnіshnoekonomіchnoї dіyalnostі that Chastain natsіonalnogo bagatstva in rezultatі yakogo formuyutsya groshovі income nadhodzhennya that nakopichennya in okremih sub'єktіv gospodaryuvannya, Power, scho vikoristovuyutsya nadalі for virіshennya ekonomіchnih that sotsіalnih zavdan .
The assistant of Malinovskaya has one honorary honor, given to A.I. Balabanov at the assistant of "Financy":
Finance is the system of financial funds, which is blamed for the formation and selection of financial funds and for the turnover of coins.
At once chotiri was appointed, given by Russian economists at about the same hour.
Let's take a look at their similarities. First, all authors agree that finance is the sum total of money. Ale, my glance, it was easy to understand that finances were counting the sum of money (penny chie of the economy) from the end of the 19th century, that part of the money had already survived. In another way, most of the authors similarly refer to the recognition of finance as “the accomplishment of social, political and economic goals”.
Now let's take a look at the key details of these appointments. In a first way, two authors call finances “penny money”, they decide to take a broader understanding of “economical”. So, in a different way, are those that finance form and expand. For the first type - tse fondi, for the other - a penny of income, which is formed from GDP, the results of ovnіshnyoekonomіchnі іyalnostі, as well as private wealth.
Okremo, I want to bring about a certain amount of finance, given by the outspoken economist Bodі Zvі:
Finance is the science of how people manage windows and the need for scarce financial resources for a long period of time. Financial solutions are characterized by the fact that they spend that income 1) spreading at the hour 2) like ...
What is finance ?
Finance - Under this term, the sum of all material resources is understood ( in penny form– modern interpretation!), as if they were talking about the Volodymyr subject of the economy: individuals, organizations, businesses and powers.
Finance and pennies- Clearly mutual understanding. If there were no pennies, there would be no understanding of finances. The word "finance" is often used as a synonym for the word "penny".
Finance- Uzagalnyyuyuchyniyn1) Shorshi Konti, Finansi Resource, Shaho Rosepodіlі ta Ruspod_lі, Vikodіlі, so 2) Econichnі Vіdnosini, Zuzyovlenii by Roshkutni Mіzh Sub'Kti Mr. Koztіv, penny money, vikoristanny pennies. (Raizberg B.A., Lozovsky L.Sh., Starodubtseva E.B. Modern economic dictionary. 5th kind., Rev. and add. - M: INFRA-M.2007. - 495 s)
Finance is an economic category, which provides economic returns to fund funds. “Great Economic Glossary” by N.N. OMEGA-L GROUP COMP ANII, Int-t new, eq., Institute. new, ec., In-t new K., 2004) -
Finance(Vid lat. finance- preparation, income) - the supply of economical funds, which is blamed on the process of molding, distribution and selection of centralized and decentralized funds of penny koshtіv. Ask about the goals of the foundations of the state or the subjects of the state (undertakings). To the most important understandings of the gallery of finances budget.
It is also the same economic science - finance.
Kіnets roboti -
This topic should be divided:
Lecture 1. A short introduction to the economy and finance
What is the economy? The main food of the economy? Economics as a science and as a way of thought Great... The evolution of the classical theory of finance...
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All topics of which I divided:
What is the economy? The main food of the economy. Economy as a science and as a way of thought.
The economy is a special sphere suspіlnogo life with its own laws, problems and deficiencies. In this sphere, the economic potential of prosperity is being formed, various blessings are being generated for satisfaction
Finance as science
The scientific discipline of finance makes pennies and social-economical outputs, applied to moldings, distribution and victories of material resources. Finance - ce prikl
SUBJECT OF THEORY OF FINANCE
The theory of finance (Financetheory) is the science of how people manage glass windows and the need for an exchange of financial resources (tobto.
THE SUBJECT OF MODERN THEORY OF FINANCE
Until the 19th century, the theory of finance developed as a theory of sovereign finance, then the 20th century. won became the theory of capital markets, the oscali of their significance in the development of the economy grew sharply.
EVOLUTION OF THE THEORY OF FINANCE
Topic 1-2. Etapi development of the theory of finance. Classical and neoclassical theory of finance. Interaction with the elements of the financial system of the state. For my
Financial markets
The financial market is a market (often a stock exchange) that hoots us in front of the market of capital and the market of pennies. Servicing the trading of financial assets, managing financial risks and ways.
Basic financial concepts
Financial activity (diyalnist) - ce zastosuvannya low tekhnіk and procedures, like private individuals and organizations victorious for managing their finances. Particularly important when choosing a difference between
Functions of finance
1. Rozpodilna - for the help of finances, it is rozpodilyaetsya that perepodilyaetsya internal gross income, zavdyaky why should be at the disposal of the state, the municipality
Specialties of finance
Special financial decisions are most often made before planning a special budget. The methodology for planning a special budget has been expanded as follows:
Vitrati
Within the framework of the budget planning process, it is necessary to make and finalize financial decisions, especially the vidatkovo part of the budget. Here there are impersonal important joys:
Business finance
The main task of corporate finance is the financial security of the activities of the organization. It is also important to know the optimal balance between the supply of business and financial risks. For security
Gifts and collections
The definition of the understanding of the tribute is presented at Art. 8 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation (a kind of "tax constitution"). Zgіdno z znachenim normative act, tax - obov'yazykovy, іndivіdually-free
Sovereign posture
Okremo next to say about sovereign bonds (they are also called “bonds sovereignty"). Tsі tsіnі paperi let out the order of the country and expand in the middle of the country and beyond the cordon
Rozpodіl income
The incomes of the powers are divided according to such main types of articles: defense; law enforcement activities;
Financial economy
The financial economy is the essence of economic science, which develops interrelationships between financial values, such as: price, additional warehousing, equity capital and other.
English that fr. finances vіd porіvn.-lat. finantia - completion, order about paying) - a fundamental, significant, rich economic category, which characterizes the processes of adoption, distribution and re-distribution of the costs of the state, regions, subjects of the state, legal and physical principles in the course of the formation of their income, expenditures at the same time financially blue. The category F. represents a supple-political and social-economic system, in the minds and warehouses of a financial system. Vid. The authors are arguing for positions, which are meaningfully discussed, with the interpretation of this term. Being a historical category, F. also know the vyznach. change the world's transformation, the development of the economy and prosperity. Viniknennya F. yak povnotsіnnya. systems lie until povn. capitals and zoomed in by the development of production, trade, commodity-den. vіdnosin, interkraїny den. turnover, banking and exchange. do it. Іsnuvali back to the next penny, їх roc, the beasts of the earth are gaining a new quality, іnshiy zmіst. Den. The pennies become the most varied, change the form and nature of their movement, the state mobilizes money. resources for the development and expansion of their economic, social, political life. functions, den. vіdnosini move from the sphere of exchange to the sphere of virobnitstva and rozpodіlu comrades. product. Blame the specifics. finance. in-ty, which operate with various finances. tools like pennies, nat. and foreign currencies, valuable papers This is how F. gospodaryuyuchih subjects, d-vi, svіtov F. in their mutual modality. The evolution of F. is characterized by two more important conditions: 1) economical. processes of production, improvement, recruitment, improvement of products, goods, work and services are accompanied (by the singing sense they are improved) by adequate financial processes, which improve the variant side of the creative process, the change and change of vartost, the dynamics of income, and 2) blame independently. finance. operations, ruh den. Koshtiv yak, not zv'azok. bezposeredno z virobom and the sale of goods; the currency market and the market of valuable papers are being formed, which will establish a single financial market. The flow of pennies is gaining independence, and, by the same token, penny money is becoming financial money. The structure and sparseness of F. in different lands is rich in why it is described by the type of panuycho in the krai ekonomich. systems. In the krains from the central kerovan economy in the beginning the place is occupied by the state. F., shaped hold. the budget and budgetary funds that mobilize the main. part of the financial resources and then spread them out behind the curtains, territories, social and economic. program vіdpovіdno up to holding. social and economic plans. development. In the minds of the head function of F., the first rozpodil and, at the next stage, the rozpodil finance. resources. F. themselves are characterized here as a den. you can see that the distribution process has and resubmitted. GDP (newly created vartosti) and part of the nat. wealth at the link with the molding and vikoristannyam den. funds of the subjects of the state (pr-ty) and d-vi, s stained glass їx on the expansion of the creation, mater. stimulation of practitioners, satisfaction with social. cons. In the lands of the market economy, it is not possible to mean. the role of holding F., budgeting income and witrat d-vi, which are victorious on the public., societies. consume, social numbers. Prote center of importance of finance. the activity shifts from centralization. razpodіlu finance. resources for the sustainable functioning of the goods market, work, services and holding. regulation of market revenues in terms of taxes, mites, tax rates, subsidies, subventions, quotas and others. finance. important. Іstotno rises the role and mozhlivist independently. wikoristannya finance. resursіv gospodaryuyuchimi subjects: pr-tiami, komerch. firms, companies, banks, private enterprises. The greater part of the country has a zmishana economy, which will gradually increase centralization. ceramics and free market economy; the same way, you should be careful about finance. system of lands. Functions F. zdіysnennya finance. activities are manifested through income, spending, surpluses, taxes, payments, remuneration, heaping of money. koshtіv, osvіtu den. funds, forming the budget and the budget. finance, investment, finance. support and finance. pіlgi. Take care of Dr. F. to save the economy. that social zavdan, security of stability, protection of crisis situations, economic. growth, molding of market vіdnosin. F. gospodaryuyuchih subjects - a tool for the development of production, business, innovation, secure bitcoin-free, cost-effective activities, vizhivannya for the minds of the market competition. However, F. allow otrimati ochіkuvany efekt іlki at їх ration. strategy, virobluvanoї i spent ї zhittya z urakhuvannyam historical, natural and environmental., economic. , socio-psychological. factors and minds.
What is finance ?
Finance - Under this term, the sum of all material resources is understood ( in penny form– modern interpretation!), as if they were talking about the Volodymyr subject of the economy: individuals, organizations, businesses and powers.
Finance and pennies- Clearly mutual understanding. If there were no pennies, there would be no understanding of finances. The word "finance" is often used as a synonym for the word "penny".
Finance- Uzagalnyyuyuchyniyn1) Shorshi Konti, Finansi Resource, Shaho Rosepodіlі ta Ruspod_lі, Vikodіlі, so 2) Econichnі Vіdnosini, Zuzyovlenii by Roshkutni Mіzh Sub'Kti Mr. Koztіv, penny money, vikoristanny pennies. (Raizberg B.A., Lozovsky L.Sh., Starodubtseva E.B. Modern economic dictionary. 5th kind., Rev. and add. - M: INFRA-M.2007. - 495 s)
Finance is an economic category, which provides economic returns to fund funds. “Great Economic Glossary” by N.N. OMEGA-L GROUP COMP ANII, Int-t new, eq., Institute. new, ec., In-t new K., 2004) -
Finance(Vid lat. finance- preparation, income) - the supply of economical funds, which is blamed on the process of molding, distribution and selection of centralized and decentralized funds of penny koshtіv. Ask about the goals of the foundations of the state or the subjects of the state (undertakings). To the most important understandings of the gallery of finances budget.
It is also the same economic science-finance.
Finance as science
Science discipline finance weaving pennies and socially-economical blues, tied with mouldings, spreading and winning material resources. Finance is an applied economic discipline.
Traditionally, finance is divided into public private. The first group can be seen: sovereign finance and municipal finance (Mustev finance). The other group sees:
specialty finance; family finance;
small business finance, corporate finance (business finance, business finance), banking finance (banking on the right), finance of non-profit organizations.
For the public finances of the first vitraty, oskolki, the financing of clearly regulated tasks and functions of the public education is carried out. For private finances, the first income, all the activities are directly related to the income, which is won by the court of an individual.
Zagalne vminnya (and it is possible to inspire mysticism) cherubate science with finances financial management. Financial management of the bank is at the forefront of science banking on the right. Financial markets Vivchaє science financial economy. Financial statistics wiggle at the borders of a small one-dimensional division of statistics. Methods for processing financial information in the field of applied mathematical science financial mathematics. Control over financial flows is at the forefront of discipline financial control.
SUBJECT OF THEORY OF FINANCE
Theory of finance(finance theory) in a wide sense- Tse science is about those, in what rank people cherish windows and overflowing penny resources (in order to make financial decisions) for a long period of time.
Financial solutions(financial solutions) are characterized by the fact that they spend and spend penny resources: 1) spreading in hours and 2) as a rule, they cannot be accurately transferred to anyone who makes a decision, not be someone else.
Financial solutions are implemented with additional financial systems.
Financial system(financialsystem) - the totality of markets and other institutions that are victorious for financial purposes, exchanging assets with taxes.
This system includes:
markets for pennies, shares, bonds and other financial instruments;
financial intermediaries (such as banks and insurance companies), firms that promote financial services (for example, financial consulting companies);
organi, scho regulate the activity of the usіh financial regulations.
Financial intermediaries naming firms, the main role of which they play in providing financial services and the sale of financial products. One can see them banks, investment and insurance companies. Prior to their financial services, they include the entry of check accounts, the type of commercial positions, mortgage loans, access to a wide range of insurance contracts and participation in mutual funds.
The current financial system has a global character. Financial markets and intermediaries of mutual exchanges one with one through the all-season international telecommunication measure, the zavdyaks of payment transfers and the trade in valuable papers are practically viable. In this rank, as a large corporation, it has been expanded, let’s say, in Germany, it is investing in a new project, then it looks like investment opportunities, including, for example, the issuance of sales of shares on the London or New York stock exchanges or on the Japanese stock exchange . pension fund. Moreover, in the rest of the year, the position can be presented both in German marks, and in Japanese yen or US dollars.
Briefly, one can say that science about finance the flow of penny flows of the economy and the formation of funds of funds from various economic entities. Fallow from their species is seen:
macrofinance, tobto. penny flows of the state, which have their own line to be divided into blocks: balance of payments, budgetary balance, bank balance;
microfinance, tobto. penny flows of businesses (corporate finance), non-profit organizations ( public finance), banks (banking management).
At the widesensation to theoryfinance bring:
The theory of pennies, monetary policy, ideas about central banks (according to the international classifier JEL (Journal Economic Literature) - divided into group E - macroeconomics and monetary policy;
The theory of taxes and budget (for JEL they were divided into the group H - the economy of the public economics sector),
Investment Theory, Portfolio Theory, Corporate Finance Theory
Banking on the right, financial institutions, pension funds, financial markets, financial accounting (for JEL - group M - business - administration)
International finance (according to JEL - divided among group A international economics).
THE SUBJECT OF MODERN THEORY OF FINANCE
In the 19th century, the theory of finances developed as the theory of state finances, then in the 20th century. won became the theory of capital markets, the oscali of their significance in the development of the economy grew sharply.
For example, McMillan's Dictionary of Pennies and Finance shows that the main focus of analysis in the current theory of finance is the work of capital markets and the variety of financial assets. The New Palgrave Dictionary of Money & Finance. Ed. Newman P. Milgate M. Eatwell J. 1-3. Macmillan. 1992.
Instruments of modern theory of finance - actuarial mathematics (financial mathematics), financial (including banking) statistics, financial law, financial programming.
The reason is two trends.
Mathematization of the economy, tobto. the description of the laws of the model form has the exact purpose of the parameters, so that it may sound like a penny form.
The achievement of theoretical results in the practice of managing economic processes (business administration) and in economic policy requires the improvement of the accuracy of the model description of penny flows and the assessment of risks of the theoretical models.
EVOLUTION OF THE THEORY OF FINANCE
1.1. Russian interpretation of the morning of finance
The next place is also taken to be the deeds of super-accuracy in the interpretation category without intermediary in the Russian school at the stage of development of financial science, as the basis for the functioning of such, as before, the labor theory of vartost. The basis of this theory is the postulate of the priority of generic (economic) insights as a key component in the development of scientific schools, be it straight forward, which we see as the main one! a sign of finance, such as to lay a system of economic chi financial vodnosin.
1.1.1. THE EVOLUTION OF SCIENTIFIC LOOKING ON THE CATEGORY "FINANCY"
The term "financial", which first appeared in the XIII-XV centuries, meaning "a penny payment" at the translation of the Russian language. one side, and power - from the other side. In the science literature (XVI-XIX centuries) the finances of the article are related to the sovereign incomes and vitrates in all countries. with penny operations of the penny companies and banks Until the 30s of the XX century, the Russian financial school stood on the positions of the pre-revolutionary financial school, as the beginning of the difference between the penny and finance for the help of a penny flow into two blocks - states of private property. The next block was put up to a penny state “Finance is organically connected with the activity of the state; characteristic riceє exchange between the borders of the sovereign sphere: the understanding of finances does not expand on financial resources in the middle of enterprises, trade only; finance - not a penny, not a resource, but a suspіlnі vіdnosinі; financial state - primus state; If there is a moment for a primus, then there is a financial economy”1.
Spadkoєmnіst glyadіv zmіst finansіv і demonstrating і radyansk school іnаnаїї ї ї ї ї ї ї є є є є є є nії ї ї і іdkhіd (methodology - trudovoi teorіya vartosti) і to the system of financial vodnosin. “Finance to maintain a system of penny-only pennies (natural blues fall out of their sphere); finance in the middle is no longer a process of redistribution of the various parts of the vartost instead of a divided gross huge product; finance without intermediary intelligence to the foundations of the state, which gives it an imperative (sovereign-dominant) form; finance in the middle of the blue, tied to moldings and victories of centralized (central state) and decentralized (on the equal footing
Vukovetsky AL. Vnelenpe i financial science. - M: Gosfinizdat, 1929.
ta galuzey) penny funds”1. In their opinion, the sphere of activity of finance is expanded and includes a system of financial resources of business and galuzi, tobto. Undertakings act as the subject of financial transfers.
In this way, we can state that the historical context for the development of Russian financial science allows us to summarize the following positions in order to expand the category of "finance":
* Finance - tse finansovі vіdnosini mizh subjects gospodaryuvannya that power, under which the factor of interpreting finansіv as a system vіdnosin є prevailing;
subjects - nosії vіdnosin obkladyvayut different rights in the implementation of these vіdnosin, the rights of the state may have an exclusively imperative character;
Finance, as a term, was only fixed behind state payments (income and types of state budgets), tobto. finances to be stock-based in nature, but it was already formed look, it’s possible to include enterprises in finances (the oscillaries of all enterprises were sovereign, otherwise they could not be);
* Financing goes up to the system of rozpodіlnyh vіdnosin. The world has a wide range of financial operations
having expanded on all subjects of the state, which is grounded by the accumulation and arrears of penny incomes, and accumulating from stock and non-stock forms by given subjects. At the same time, it is important that the profits of some transnational corporations outweigh the profits of the other powers.
In the current interpretation of the category, the subjective nose of finances includes governments, that is. Іsnuє okremiy bloc finansіv, kaky pov'yazaniya іz finansom domіstvіh gosudarstv, scho. in our opinion, primed, oskolki fundamental economic science sees equal subjects of the market - home state, business and power. From the point of view of the subjective approach in modern theory, in such a rank, there are three subjective noses of finance; Rodionova and B.M. Sabanti.
Voznesensky EL. Methodological aspects and analysis of the essence of finance. - M: Finance, 1974; Voznesensky EL. Finance as a category. - M: Financial statistics, I9S5.
In the modern interpretation of the category "finance" in Russian schools, there is also a low level of inconsistencies, like this one in the other world, to add to the morning category that is the subject of discussion.
The values of authority can be systematized according to the following parameters:
the sphere of expanding financial resources: subjects - material resources of financial resources - three for the most important (power, business, population), two - power, business (school of V.M. Rodionov), one - power (school of B.M. Sabant ):
Pіdhіd to Finansіv Yak to the system of singing Vіdnosin: Rosіyskoy Skoli represented by Rosіyskoy, Financi - TsE Ekoniknі Vіdnosi, Scho Furnaces region at the Vіdkhіd Klasifіkuєmo Yak Vіdkіdi, ya represents - D.S. Polyakov. є.і. Shokhin, N. G. Sichov et al.). Other studies and analysts interpret finance as penny blue, which is less likely to function now, or else to be added to the entire creative cycle (a separate subdivision, yoga representatives - V.M. Rodionova, L.A. Drobozina. S.I. Lushin and іn. ). Offenses fit methodologically into the framework of the labor theory of vartost;
seeing the authorities of finance, like various people in other representatives of the Russian school. In one interpretation of power, it can be as follows: first power - finance with penny money; the other - rozpodіlny vіdnosinami; the third - the implementation and functioning of finances are supported by additional financial resources. In a different interpretation of finance - tse ekonomіchnі vіdnosiny, scho to service the usі stages of creation;
pіdkhіd up to vіdmіnnosti between the categories “pennies” and “financi”, which are the key activities of the Russian school, have not so clear expressions and insights through the specifics of the category “finance”. Russian schools have a lot of systemic income, which explains the difference between finances and pennies. The first (different) interpretation of the difference between them is to improve the differences between non-intermediate acts of purchase and sale, as they characterize only financial, and non-financial blues. Otzhe, pennies - a category that wins in case of uninterruptedly committed tsih favors, just like finance - a category that precedes the act of purchase and sale, it is rozpodilna. Another (incremental) pidkhid interprets the difference between them with the improvement of integration to understand “financial-> and “financial resources”. “The object of financial resources is the enlightenment and distribution of financial resources at the stages of creation, distribution and re-distribution of the total sum product and national income”1. The third pidhid promotes the synthesizing cob of discretion and to introduce two positions for the protection of finances. From one side, finance is a categorical value, from the other side it is practical (real). W pozitsіy pіdhodu to fіnansіv yak ekonomіchnoї the category - fіnansi that groshі rozrіznyayutsya processes Butte i spіvvіdnosyatsya mіzh themselves yak form that zmіst (napriklad, yak Rate n vartіst) ale yak realnіst i fіnansovі, i groshovі vіdnosini znahodyat svoє materіalne vtіlennya in єdinіy formі Ruhu fіnansovih resources"2.
With the revealed change in finances, it should be noted that the greatest expansion has come about in such a designated category, modified by a number of authors by a lesser world. “Finance is worth pennies, which is blamed on the process of rozpodіlu and redistribution of volatility of the huge product and part of the national wealth in connection with molding from the subjects of the state, and the subjects of the power of penny income and the accumulation that vikoristovuyutsya, as a rule, from funds forms for the financing of vodvoryuvalnyh vitrats, material incentives for workers, satisfaction of common and other social needs”5.
Let's look at the definition of the category of finance from the positions of various approaches in modern Russian schools (Table 1.1).
In this way, it should be noted that the transcendental detailing of approaches to the zmist category does not allow to really define the spectrum of financial activity as a category, and as a practical activity, destroying the development of the theory and practice. The definition should be of a supra-linguistically abstract nature and require additional roses to clarify the mechanisms for the implementation of financial instruments, in their own case, they show non-perfect specific features as the basis of financial investments.
1 Financial resources of the people's government / Ed. R.K. Senchagova, - M. 1982.S. 12.
Barulin SV, Koeajieea T. At. The essence of finance: new realities // Finance
n credit. 2004, Xi 5. S. 6. ! Finance of the market state / Ed. V.M. Ridnonovop. - M: Way
Russia: Economic Literature. 2003, p. 70.
Prote discussions about the problems of the improvement of finances allow us to determine the number of positions of the Russian school on the improvement of finances. Let's get to the next week.
The dominance of finances is the main sign of the Russian school, which allows you to open your mind.
The first power of finance: finance and financial resources. This is the generic sign of the category, “ruh vartosti in the її penny form is the economic basis for the functioning of finance”1.
Otzhe, finance obov'yazkovo act less in penny form.
Finances are really ruh koshtiv, ale de stink to the same pennies. Pennies - only the basis of that necessary mental foundation of finance. The difference between them is based on the fact that pennies are blamed for the exchange and this tool is like a blatant equivalent, at that hour, finances are blamed for the process of rozpodil. “Finance, in the first place, is shaped like a penny form of vartost, in a different way, it is connected with real movement. Zvіdsi finansi zavzhdi pov'yazanі z vіdnosinami vіdnosinі vіdnosіn varіstіvі varіznymi subjects, tsіm іnаnsiі іnіd pennies, аіѕ а substance vartosti zneobleblena”2.
1 Finance of the market state / Ed. V.M, Rolnononop, - M: Way
Russia: Economic Literature, 2003. P. 63. - Ibid.
Another power of finance: finance is the crown of blue. At the same time, the process of molding and victoria of penny incomes and vitrates is considered.
Whom all the power is also divided between pennies and finances. The pennies are blamed on the exchange process, and the finances are blamed on the process of subdivision, and the notes and others serve the entire production cycle.
At the other stage of the social creation (rozpodіl) rozpodіlyaєtsya, the vartіst of the social product was created at the її fіnansovoї formі, tobto. Finansova form vartostі vіdokremlyuєtsya vіd natural-rechovinnoї formi sukupnogo goods, shcho characterizeє one-sided ruh vartostі (without zustrіchnogo ekvіvalent), - ce process funktіonuvannya fіnansіv.
At the third stage (exchange), the vartist (penny form) is exchanged for the commodity form, tobto. an act of purchase and sale is required, the entrance of which is to be entered into a reasonable price, which is in commodity and financial forms. - The whole process of the functioning of pennies.
Later, at the stage of rozpodіlu, financial blueprints function, but at the stage of exchange - financial blueprints.
Rozpodil ranks up to the range of poly-aspect and rich-functional processes, it is characterized by different manifestations, which are less often ranks up to financial ones. The separate nature of the richness of economic categories, and therefore, for the purpose of expanding the finances, the separate process may be able to see those aspects, which are in the middle of the functioning of finance. It is low for authors to give such a sign at the rozpodіlі vіdіlennya tаnіnіnіnі nіїїv finansovyh vodnosin, scho vyrazhayut the results of varіsnogo rozpodіl dlya pomogoyu finansіv. In this case, through the folding of the category “split”, one can see the first split and respawn. A bunch of financial resources are blamed on the process of the primary distribution of GDP, if they fall apart in warehouses, її elements, yak, in their own line, they are also redistributed. In this context, the most important postulate of the theory of labor income is taken as a basis: GDP = c + v + m (c is the fund of output: v + t is national income). Ce first rozpodіl GDP. dalі zdіysnyuєtsya yogo rediscovered at the boundaries of representations of warehouses.
On the equal subject of the state, the state has given rise to the money of the organization, after which various forms of penny incomes and savings are established. On the level of the home states, the family incomes are spread out, which the savings of the family make up for.
The process of redistributing the cost of capital among economic entities, facilitating a penny of income, which will help the subject to go to the market, to investments, to the state
spending money on export operations. Re-distributed to us in front of us through the financial markets (received funds through the issuance of valuable papers, credit agreements, overnight placement of free funds by the subjects of the market on the main assets of other subjects of the market, the need for dividends). Pererazpodil zdіysnyuєtsya and through the budgetary system for the help of tax-paying mechanisms and state purchasers.
“Razpodіl that pereprozіl vartosti for additional finance obov'yazkovo suprovodzhuєєєє ruh penny koshtіv, sho take special form-income that accumulation, scho to establish financial resources in the totality”1.
The third level of finance: material carrying financial resources and financial resources. A look at the financial resources that are victorious in fund and non-fund forms, as material resources of financial resources, allows us to see finance in the system of separate funds. Financial resources, according to V.M. Rodionova, vіdznyayutsya in the penny koshtіv two characteristic marks:
* Belonging to the subject of the state or state:
Achievement for the purpose of the growth of the national economy and the growth of business, as well as for the purpose of satisfying social needs. A number of authors present a specific description of financial
resources. "Pid fіnansovimi resources rozumіyutsya groshovі income nakopichennya that nadhodzhennya scho perebuvayut in vlasnostі abo rozporyadzhennі sub'єktіv gospodaryuvannya abo organіv State that Vlady mіstsevogo samovryaduvannya that vikoristovuyutsya them on tsіlі rozshirenogo vіdtvorennya, sotsіalnі require materіalne stimulyuvannya pratsyuyuchih, zadovolennya іnshih suspіlnih require" 2 .
You can see the stench of the formation of financial resources, to the first lie the depreciation of the windfall, the organization's profits, taxable income, and insurance payments. To others (for the state) - the variance of the gross domestic product, part of the national wealth, and the income from the ovnishnekonomichnoi dyalnosti. Warehouse dzherel financial resources of the subjects of the state to lay down rich officials (the sphere of activity, organizational and legal form, galuzev’s special features toshcho.).
1 Finance of the market state / Ed. V.M. RodnonovoP. - M: Way
Russia: Economic Literature. 2003. S. 68. : Finance: Pidruchnik / For red. A.P. Gryaznovoi. O.V. Markina. - M: Finance
n statistics. 2007. S. 22.
In this manner, the three powers of finance approve the change of the category of finance and allow confirmation of their appointment.
