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Like traditions shape the mentality of the Russian people. Characteristics of the Russian mentality

Vzagalі, mentality - tse overriding schemes, stereotypes and patterns of thought. Russians are not obov'yazkovo Russians. Okrema people can be written to them, that they are “Cossack”, “Bashkirs” and “Jews” at the borders of Russia, but after the її between the borders of all Russians (many and present) for the tradition they call (independently in the form of a trip) Russians. For whom є podstavi: as a rule, all stinks may have similarities in their mentality and stereotypes of behavior.

We write to the Russians, we have a majestic and strong country, we have talented people and deep literature, while we ourselves know our weak sides. Yakshcho mi want to become the best - mi goitre yazanі їх nobility.

Father, let's marvel at ourselves from the side, and from the side of scientific achievements. What do the successors of culture mean specific rice Russian mentality?

1. Conciliarity, the primacy of the sleepy over the special: we are all our own, we have everything sleepy and what people say. Conciliarity turns into a day of understanding of privacy, and the possibility of being a Susidian grandmother to intervene and tell you everything, what she thinks about your clothes, manners and vihovannia of your children.

Z tієї well opera understand "suspіlnіst", "team", scho vіdsutnі on Sunset. “Dumka to the team”, “don’t stand up for the team”, “what do people say?” - Conciliarity with a clean look. From the other side, I’ll tell you how to wash your yarlik, untie the lace, slap your pants, or tear the bag of products. And also - to shine with headlights on the road, to be ahead of the DIBDR and vryatuvati in the form of a fine.

2. Practice living in truth. The term "truth", which is often used in old Russian dzherel, means legal norms, on the basis of which the court was decided (the slogan is “to judge the right” or “to judge the truth”, tobto objectively, fairly). Dzherela kodifikatsii - the norms of the savage law, princely court practice, as well as the norms of the authoritative dzherel - we are before the Holy Letter.

Behind the borders of Russian culture, one often talks about lawful hearing, rules of decency, or dominance of religious commandments. A similar mentality about the Truth cannot be found, it is important for China to live behind the precepts that are devoid of Confucius.

3. From the choice between the mind and the senses, the Russians are robbed by the senses: breadth and soulfulness. In the Russian mentality, “docility” is practically synonymous with cocky, hisististic behavior and is not in honor, like “American”. It is important for the average Russian inhabitant to show that one can wisely and enlightenedly work not only for oneself, but for the sake of someone else, to that one, without a grudge, they are otodnyayutsya with the actions of "from the heart", on the basis of feelings, without a head.

In Russia - dislike to discipline and methodicalness, life to the soul, that mood, change of mood in the form of peacefulness, forgiveness and humility to a merciless rebellion on the outside of poverty - and back. The Russian mentality lives closer to the female model: feel, softness, forgiveness, reacting with crying that fierce legacy of such a life strategy.

4. Singing negativism: the majority of Russians are more likely to sip on their own shortfalls, rather than advances. Behind the cordon, as if a person on the street vipadkovo hooked up another person, a stereotyped reaction, practically be it: “Sorry”, that chuckle was pronounced. The stench is so vihovani. Summingly, in Russia such patterns are negative, here you can feel “Well, where are you wondering?”, And it’s worse. Russians are good to understand, what is so tight, despite the fact that the word is not translated by other European language. On the streets, it is not customary for us to smile, to marvel in the guise of a lonely person, to know obscenely and simply to bewitch.

5. Smiling at the Russian splurge has ceased to be an obov'azkovy attribute of empathy. At Sunset, the more a person smiles, then the wines show more empathy. The traditional Russian splurge has a priority - more breadth. The smirk of the Russians demonstrates a special affinity for other people, yak, of course, does not spread by us. To that, a person laughs not in the face of a wide heart, he calls out hostility.

You can turn around for help - help out more for everything. It's normal to spit - a cigarette, a penny. A person with a consistently good mood calls out suspicion - chi ailment, chi neshira. The one who sounds pleasantly smiles at others - if not a foreigner, then, obviously, a faggot. Well, you bastard. Saying "So", wait a minute - a hypocrite. To that schira russian person obov'yazkovo will not wait and shut up. And I started to help with the width - if it's a matyuk! Axis todі - people vіrish!

6. Love to superchok. The Russian splurge has a great place to occupy super-cats. Russian people love to meet with different meals, both private and outrageous. Love to the super-cheeks of global, philosophical nutrition is the heart of the Russian communicative behavior.

A Russian person is often called a super girl, as a sign of knowledge of the truth, as a rozum is right, as a form of emotional, wide intercourse with one another. For the same reason, in the Russian communicative culture, those who overlap, so often use a thread of super-coolness, it is easy to come across as the primary topics.

With whom it is absolutely uncharacteristic to compromise, or before that, to give a svіvrozmovnik to save a person. Bezkompromіsnіst, konflіktnіst manifested even more clearly: our people are uncomfortable, as if they did not argue, could not bring their case. “How to formulate the quality of an English teacher: "Russians always compete for victory."І navpaki, the characteristic "conflict-free", shvidshe, to wear an incomparable appearance, like "spineless", "unprincipled".

7. Russian people live by faith in good, as if to descend from the sky(otherwise just a beast) to the richly suffering Russian land: "Good will overcome evil, but then we will hurt." In this case, the special position is unconvincing: “Bring us the truth if you want, but I’m not special. I myself can’t do anything and I can’t work.” The main enemy of the Russian people for a long time has been invading the state in the form of a punitive camp.

8. The principle of "do not hang out." The Russian mentality is unimportant to politics and democracy as a form of political organization, in which case the people act as the controller of the activity of power. Characterized by the fact that people really do not violate anything anywhere and democracy is nonsense and hypocrisy. At the same time, tolerance and a call to nonsense and hypocrisy of your own rule through reconciliation, which is not possible otherwise.

9. Zvichka to steal, swagger and deceit. Perekonanіst in the one who steals everywhere, and it is impossible to earn big pennies with an honest way. The principle is “if you don’t steal, you won’t live.” Oleksandr I: “Russia has such a steal that I’m afraid to go to the dentist - I’ll sit in an armchair and steal a crack ...” Dal: “Russian people are not afraid of the cross, but are afraid of the pestle.”

With this, it is typical for the Russians to protest against the punishment until punishment: punish for rubbish damage - filthy, as if it were dry, it’s necessary - “forgive!” long time, do not get angry at the docks and do not rule the pogrom.

10. Rice is typical for the Russian mentality, which screams from the front point - love to the point of freebies. Films need to be taken via torrent, pay for licensed programs - enter, see the joy of Lena Golubkov in the MMM-pyramid. Our fairy tales paint heroes, like lying on the stove, and as a result, they win the kingdom and the sexy queen. Ivan the Fool is not strong in prac- tiovitity, but in intelligence, if for him everything is destroyed by Pikes, Sivki-Burki, Kovzani-Humpbacked Humpbacked Bears and others, ribeye and firebirds.

11. Turbine about health is not є, sport is marvelous, ailments are normal, but it is categorically not allowed to throw the poor, among those who are morally impermissible uniquely quiet, who do not care about their health and as a result become a hopelessly disabled person. Women joke about the wealthy and the successful, and love the poor and the sick. "How is wine without me?" - Zvіdsi svіvzalezhnіst like the norm of life.

12. The place of humanism is occupied by pity. Like humanism, there is a turbulence about a person, putting on the p'edestal of a free, guilty, strong people, then pity directs the turbot on the unfortunate and ill. Behind the statistics of Mail.ru and VTsVGD, we will help grow up for popularity, we will stand on the fifth month after we help children, people of a frail age, creatures and help environmental problems. People have more Skoda dogs, lower people, and out of pity, it is more important for people to support non-living children, and not grown-up ones, as they could still live.

In comments to the article, it might be better to look at a similar portrait, something that sounds like the author in Russophobia. Hi, the author loves Russia and believes in her, already for ten years she has been engaged in enlightenment lighting activity for your country. There are no enemies here and no need for them to whisper, our task is in another way: but for yourself, think, how can we raise our country and woo our children - our new hromadas.

It's easy to send your harn to the robot to the basics. Vikoristovy form, raztastovanu below

Students, graduate students, young adults, like victorious base of knowledge in their trained robots, will be your best friend.

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Science-based work in geography

The mentality of the Russian people

Tinda 2005.

• Zmist
• Entry
• The riddle is the secret of the secret "Russian soul"
• The mentality of the Russian people
• About Chinese pragmatism
• China is a land of contrasts
• Experience: Russians about Chinese
• Irresistible humor in cross-cultural communication
• Features of the French mentality
• Experience: France is a beautiful country, the French are unbearable
• Russia and USA
• Russians about their position before the Americans and their own statement about the position of the Americans before us
• Visnovok
• bibliographic list

Entry

With my robot, I will try the following tips:

the Russian people are inspired by such rices to the character (in the opinion of the authors of literary dzherel);

among other peoples of the Chinese, representatives of the lands of Europe;

what to think about one people of the world, what to think about themselves;

what is required to work in order for all the peoples of the world to live in the world of that evil

Basic methods of work:

analysis of literary sources (contributors, ZMI materials)

analysis of materials in the Internet

conducting social education;

I will continue to work with them for a long time, because food for a joke sleepy movie between peoples, the world becomes topical. About those who are reactive and situational in the human mind of the significant world, which meant ancient philosophy. In their everyday behavior, people rarely see what the stench has done this way, and not otherwise. Sche Leibniz, back before the theory of the unfamiliar Z. Freud, writing that "in my vchinkah mi three quarters of automatic". R. Chartier, quoting yoga, respecting that “in the first place, nevertheless, “one quarter” of human veins is left, as they are determined by collective determinants. Remain not obov'yazkovo obvіdlyuyuyutsya іndivіdami, but cheruyut and punish the deeds of people in tsіh vypadki". As it seems, in folding historical periods, similar to what we are experiencing at the same time, in rich times, there is more significant social information. The collective intelligence of the nation does not start the building efficiently and in a timely manner recycle the information flows that came from the coast. It is important to reevaluate the importance of the mentality of the middle of the world. More, without analyzing the deep ethno-mental ambushes, it is impossible to understand the originality of the spiritual life of that other people, explain why the development of democratic and market ambushes in Ukraine has succumbed to the psychological inertia of the masses, to the unpreparedness of the conservatively oriented people.

In another way, the theoretical relevance of mental problems is confused by the presence of a trivial latent development, if the mentality was described and treated, without being called such. It is impossible to reveal the concept of the mentality of this period in the philosophical literature behind any obvious signs: about those that go about mentality itself, it becomes clear only after reading it.

Thirdly, in the very understanding of the mentality of the difference, the authors put in a different understanding, which significantly complicates the similar analysis. It is accepted that the mentality is to understand the scientific and everyday language, as it is important to understand the skіlki-nebud suvoroї defіnіtsії. If you try to explain the different meanings, then you will see more of an intuitive image, a lower logical category. Different authors at different times have understood the mentality and the super-chlichliving integrity of the picture of the world, and the pre-reflective sphere of thought, and the collective unseen, and the socio-cultural automatism and the awareness of individuals of that group, and the “global, all-encompassing “efir” of culture, in the and etc. Nagalnaya need in the systematization of the basic definitions of mentality, as it would form the basis of mentology, as a lesson about mentality, nature, zmist, її species, manifest, also signify the relevance of the subjects. (one)

The riddle is the secret of the secret "Russian soul"

About “I’m hiding the Russian soul” skin from readers’ feelings, maybe, more than once. I read it repeatedly. So what is it - you don’t know anything (that’s “taєmnicha”). It is most often explained that the mystery of the Russian soul is in the її suprawich latitude. But what is "breadth"? Do not see the equator along the meridian, which is expressed in degrees! If you decide on the ground, what will you understand yourself, will you speak - three speeches.

Perche. Kindness is great.

Seemingly, kind (like and evil) people are among the skin people. Ale є people, de good people - more vines, and evil, like a hungry wolf, is the rule. And the people, for some impersonal advantages, for example, practicality, discipline, musicality, etc. and only in the rest of the world, kindness does not oppose. And є people, yakі mаut impersonal nedolіkіv, albeit kindness itself opposes awake.

Axis tse i є rosіyani.

Tsya medal is maє і zvorotny bіk - I will break down tolerance to the point of humiliation, inexorable suffering from gnobites.

Other. A supra-humane mindset, if in the first place in the system of human values ​​- the share of humanity, far in the background - the share of the powerful people, it’s not rich - the share of one’s own family and zero respect - the share of power.

The very same mindset inspired the typical Russian behavior of the end of the 18th-early 20th centuries. - "intelligence" of the Russian adventure, which can be seen in the same way as the "intellectual", and in the similar "perceptual philosophy". Today, little was left of the intelligentsia: every breed was cultivated generation after generation from 1917. However, the tragic share of Andriy Sakharov, the Russian Robert Oppenheimer, with completely similar lives and share - showing how much of the intelligentsia has been preserved to this day. The most important thing for everything that is exactly the same mindset is widened among the common people - up to and including the rest of the marriage.

O people, de “skin for himself - one God for all”, and apparently, between people, they are regulated by laws. And the people, de treba dominuy all feel like belonging to the sovereign people, to your kind-tribe. I’m transforming people into a bunch of wild beasts, and woe to those who trapleyatsya tsіy graї on the way (applied to that, like on this way, trappings are trapped by different grazes of Russia - want to add). І є people, de vidnosini for people are not regulated by laws, they are inspired by the mind - the heart. Before them lay rosіyani.

Superficially rozvinene almost asceticism. Not in the sense of complete self-zabuttya, if, for the Russian order, you need to burn the mountain. There are no Russian equals, if you need to rush into the houses, what to burn, or into the river water, to vryatuvat people. If it is necessary to extinguish, I will burn and dig up the blockage. If you need to stand to death in a fortified fort, or go on a bayonet attack. If you need to lift the nepidyomne, then be patient unbearably. If you need to “dealt” your life in the life of another person, or as a whole, dedicate it to your right, like a servant. (2)

Just one example. Sensing that some of the leaders of the American communists went blind, one radian schoolboy uttered to you to transplant his eyes: even the stink of you will be needed for the fight against the evil American imperialists, like the American people! One can say that the totalitarian propaganda of the building has been nicely staged to bring me to such a state as a Russian boy. I want more support, which is typical for Russians.

And at the same time, be it a tourist who came to Moscow, he doesn’t mind the evilness of the service staff, the villainy of the skin, who trap on yoga path, ganebnoy linoshchiv, who bite on the skin. Even far away is the kind of heart kindness, self-confidence, asceticism and a typical Russian tourist, who stooped before your eyes in a foreign land. How to eat one by one? What is the mystery of the “hidden Russian soul”?

Let's take a back seat from the heart of the "soul" of the heart and marvel at the respect to the "heart".

Russia has two essential characteristics in this plan.

First, the special character of the Russian community. The Russian village has gone far away from the first stage of community, if the individuality of a person literally differs in the community, if it transforms into a simple detail of the social mechanism of the community, the ancient Greek phalanx, like it collapsed and fought like one. Such a camp is still characteristic of the rural community of the lands of Asia and Africa (including the Asian republics of the Great Soviet Socialist Republic). Vono may have a number of advances - the main rank, for the stability of the transference of miscarriage - but for the laying of the non-competitive and advanced modern way of life, which everywhere in the world of the world is changing into the stage of expansion, the transition to more modern forms of life.

In another way, these days, those national drawings of the Russian character were superimposed. I was ten times as strong. Vlasne, the communism itself (collectivism) helped and helped to blame the burden of totalitarianism on the Chinese, Pivnichno-Korean, Vietnamese, Mongolian, Iranian, Iraqi, Lebanese, Cuban and other peoples of the world, they were fooled.

Ale Same Patch on the community of uniquali rice of National Rosiysky character, Rosіyskomov's people did not tell Rosіyskom to the Winnings, and the Tyl Tatar Totalіtarism, and th izbroen for the past people (in the rivy zi knowingly strongly by the streams of America!) І NAVITY BREATE WITH RESPIONS OF THE KRAYA, SHO a number of rozvinenih kraїn svіtu - let's say the main rank of the line of military-industrial complex and infrastructure.

Such, at a glance, is a riddle and a solution to the apparent “mystery” of the proud Russian soul. In our opinion, there is nothing hidden in it. There are a lot of components of “mystery” among rich peoples. Collectivism is the strongest among the peoples of the lands of Asia and Africa. Latin America. The individualism is strongest among the peoples of the most distant lands of the world. The richness of the image of the national Russian character is also reflected in the mentality and social psychology of other peoples, which may have their own unique character, antrochs are not stronger and not more beautiful than Russian. Just a unique combination of different components, rice, characteristics created a unique phenomenon, which is important for the production and that, having gained a halo of “mystery”.

Ale hoch bi yak mi were set up to the designated phenomenon of the “Russian soul”, which must be taken to respect and remembrance. Otherwise, it is impossible to understand how, by what rank Russia brought the Gromadyansky war, how it reversed the Gromadyansky war of 1861-1965 by an order of magnitude for its hardships, victims of that economic ruin. in the USA. How did it bring down the latest defeat of the Russian state with dozens of millions of victims, even more similar in its traces to the current hurricanes, which, if they swept over the territory of the US states, or on the tragic slopes in the African Sahara of the 1970s, Somali 80s 90s. By some rank, she blamed the mass terror with dozens of millions of victims (who else hit the skin of the third inhabitant of the country), I’m already going to the tragedy of the Jews for an hour of the Hitler Holocaust, or to the tragedy of Cambodia for the hour of Pol Pot. With such a rank, she blamed the Friend of the light of war, if it appeared as a suffocated znenatska, unprepared for the war, and it was small to literally lay the corpses on the step on the cob to Moscow, and then to Berlin, if ten Russians were zmusheni, they would give life, so that they could kill one soldier at least eleven. Nareshti, as if at the cost of such sacrifices, she brought Mayzha pivvikov the Third light (so called “cold”) war against a richly strong economically and technologically adversary.

There can be no doubt that the Russian people are guilty of totalitarianism and the race is about to start again. Not guilty knowing the blows of the Third World War. Knowing the shocks of totalitarianism itself, which appears to be uncompetitive with the advent of the “democracy + market” system, and having begun to fall, rozkladatisya willingly in the middle. And then, at the same time, we called skeletons and sang with squeak. (3)

The mentality of the Russian people

The mentality of the people is the warehouse part of the national culture. The development of the national mentality is necessary to understand the interplay of nature, culture and society of the singing territory. People are part of the geographic medium of residence and lie in it.

S. M. Bulgakov, writing about those that the continentality of the climate, ymovirno, is to blame for the fact that the Russian character is such super-sophisticated, eager to absolute freedom and a slave to subservience, religion and atheism- these characteristics of the Russian mentality are unfamiliar to Europeans, and to this they create an aura of mystery, mystery, and unfailingness in Russia. And for us, Russia is filled with an unsolved mystery. F.I. Tyutchev said about Russia:

You can't understand Russia with your mind,

Do not die with a yardstick.

She has a special position.

With Russia, you can only have less faith.

In fact, to speak about those that the Russian state and the Russian ethnos were historically, geographically and psychologically “programmed” to resist calls. The Russian ethnos originated in the center of Eurasia, on the plains, not being invaded by the seas, not by the mountains, and accessible to military invasions, like Western Europe. The only way to preserve self-reliance in such minds is to occupy the largest territory, in which they would tie up the armies.

The majestic space, the harsh climate and the need to resist the united forces of the wealthy peoples at once and at the same time gave rise to an important type of light and strong psychological attitudes.

The harshness of our climate has strongly stuck in the mentality of the Russian people. Living white, de winter is close to the fire, the Russians virobily at home majestic willpower, obsession in the struggle for survival for the minds of the climate. The low temperature, through a great part of fate, has injected into the temperament of the nation. Russia is more melancholy, common, lower Western European

Pivnіchno-Eurasian character of our nation, having formed the type of national psychology, which does not correspond to the most important trends in the world. Ale directly opposite їm. Zvіdsi zamіst development of the commodity state - psychology of observation of the natural state(it is valuable for the fate of foreign intervention, but it is not productive for the life of an intensive economy), the deputy of independence - zvichka to paternalism, deputy of high material demands nonviolence to the minds of life.

Suvori Russian winters stuck in Russian traditions hotel room. In our minds, to send the mandrinnik in daha is a charge, which means condemning yoga to a cold death. To this, the hospitality was accepted by the Russian people, otherwise, by itself, it understood the obov'yazok. Suvorist and sknarist nature taught the Russian people buti tolerant and hearing. And even more important is the small commitment, the uninterrupted struggle against the harsh nature. For a long time, Russian agriculturism had to engage in various crafts. Tsim i explained practical is directness to the mind, spritnist and rationality. Rationalism, arrogance and pragmatic pidkhіd until life do not help the great Russian, shards of climate agility often deceive the most modest ochіkuvannya. And, having called to these deceptions, our people will for an hour vibrate, having christened their heads themselves, so as not to hopeless decisions, to oppose the whim of nature to the whim of the vlasnoi vіdvaga. Qiu grace dredge happiness, win luck V. O. Klyuchevsky called the "Great Russian Avos".

To live in such non-transferable minds, if the result is to lie in the sight of nature, one can only optimism. In the rating of national rice character, compiled on the basis of the survey of the Reader's Digest magazine, conducted in 18 European countries in February 2001, the quality of the Russians appeared in the first month. 51% of respondents voted optimists for themselves (less than 3% were pessimists). reshti Europe overcame the middle of the steel, strength of stability.

Russian people need to cherish a clear working day. Tse zmushuє our villager hasten, forceful pratsyuvati, sob to catch a lot of robiti for a short hour. The people of Europe are not built to such a strained practice in a short hour. Such practicality is taman, perhaps, less Russian. So richly blended climate on the Russian mentality. Not less inflow may be the edge. IN. Klyuchevskiy’s description of the landscape determination of the Russian character is as follows: “Great Russia of the 13th - 15th century with its forests, swamps on the skin surface represented the settler with thousands of other troubles, among which it was necessary to know. With yakim, shokhvilini had to fight. It made you want to follow nature, marvel in the wallpaper, follow the yoga wind, walk, looking around and covering the ground, not rolling near the water, not poking around the ford, it developed into a new shelter in dry hardships and nebezpekah, the call to patience is not to fight.

In Europe, there are no people who are less well-groomed and wise, grafted less than checks on nature and that part of the spectacle. The originality of Russian nature, its whims and intransigence have marked the warehouses of the Russian mind, a clear vision. Lives of nervousness and depression have taught him to talk more about passing paths, to understand further, to look back more, to look ahead. In Borunbі zhilibiyiyiyiyi І Vіdligami, with the imperfall sickle frosts і іschnevozhnyy Vіn becoming Bіlsh Coat, Nіzh the alignment, having shutting up Bільша пичатий, Nіzh Podbivati, whims from the Schod Mussettva warehousing. Tse vminnya i є those that we call the back mind ... Nature and share led the great Russian so that they taught him to go on the straight road with manivtsy. The beautiful Russian nature and the evenness of the Russian landscapes have instilled the people to a glance. At the thought of V. O. Klyuchevsky, our life, our art, our faith are looked at. And yet, in the face of the supermundane insight of the soul, they become immature, lazy, helpless, unpractical. Obachnіst, caution, thoughtfulness, seredzhenіst and prudence- tse yakostі, yakі buli vyhovanі at the russian soul russian landscapes.

It is rich in why the specific (and most of all superbly) characteristics of the Russian mentality are due to the vast expanses of Russia. The majestic sparsely populated territory of Vimagala for its development of a special type of people, building up to the boldest, zukhvalih and vіdvazhnyh. And everywhere, at the hour of their directing, the Russians created a small settlement - a fort, which also played the role of economic centers for the development of the territory. Thus, the populace was irritated by acceptability, over-the-top volition and rebelliousness. Significant part of the inhabitants of the Urals went beyond the "sovereign's eye", that very government volila trimati such hulks filed out of the capital.

The Russians were molded over the nationally - closed space, and in the open air - the river asimilation. The stench "went out" at the other Kazan. І vyyshli z new іz two fundamental feelings - feel like a tight unity one by one and scho vinikli z bagatovіkovogo dosvіdu life conciliatory setting up to the people - susіdіv - and to the quiet, from whom it was possible to hoard land, and to the quiet, who came, wandering from their own interests; and we are more quiet, who, having respect for ourselves, are important to convey to the Russians their knowledge, the creative elements of their culture.

For Russians, the distant spirit of fortune-telling and super-nativity is the most obvious over-respect, and instills from the obvious stench of the hard folk root with the Moscow haircut. This Russian "root" of the nastіlka mіtsniy, scho perepravlyuvav tsars of German blood, and the Baltic bureaucracy, and the Tatar Baskakіv and Murz, and his French nobility, and the Ukrainian variant of Orthodoxy.

The majesty and security of the expanses of the countryside could not be recognized as succesfull. Emperor Oleksandr 3 was on his way, not long before entering the country in the 20th century, saying: “Remember - Russia does not have friends. Fear our majesty.”

Trivaly period of decisive dosing of the nautical creation of information that leaked out there, took the molding into the foreigners of the objective setting to the edge. P.A. V'yazemsky, a writer and friend of Pushkin, characterizing such thoughts in this way: This is the object that yogo sp'yanyuє i vіrazu obscure yogo rozumovі zdіbnostі".

“Great expanses were easily given to the Russian people, but it was not easy for them to organize these expanses in the greatest power in the world, keeping that protection in order in a new way. The rosemaries of the powers set the Russian people as much as they could, trimmed the Russian people at an unbearable pressure (N.A. Berdyaev). Everything could not but be recognized by the mentality of the Great Russians. The Russian soul appeared strangled by the indefatigable Russian fields, the indefatigable Russian snows, there’s no stomping, it’s roaming in this infallibility. Trival and cold winters were marked by a joyless turmoil in the souls of Russian people.

The state's expanse of freedom was accompanied by a terrible centralization, subordinating the whole life to the state's interest and strangling free special and enormous forces, strangling whether it was some kind of initiative that came out "from below". Centralization was signified in the Russian soul in two ways: first, the great-growing virishiv, who is the one who cherishes such expanses that they are Russia, and the great people - it’s not enough not to have a supernatural adventure. Zvіdsi - the cult of specialness, a little reverence for« father-tsar» at the soul of the Russian people. In a different way, it seems, that one could stand above a human being and guard everything with everything, wafted into such a quality of the soul, like a lack of turbotness. ON THE. Berdyaev said: "The Russian soul is filled with breadth." The soul of the Russian is wide, like the Russian land, rivers, fields - everything can take in the soul of the Russian people, all human beings feel like they can live with them.

The power of breadth over the Russian soul gives rise to the low number of Russian “innocents”. Z tsim pov'yazanі rosіysk line, bezturbotnist, marriage іnіtsіativi, weakly rozvinene pochutya vіdpovіdalnostі."The breadth of the Russian land, and the breadth of the Russian soul squeezed the Russian energy, raising the possibility of the extensivity," - designating N.A. Berdyaev.

Russian linka (Oblomovshchina) is expanded among all peoples. Mi linuєmosya vykonuvat work not obov'yazkovo. Chastkovo oblomivshchina is expressed in inaccuracies, misunderstandings.

Bachachs the inexhaustibility of their expanses, the Russians are subdued by the thought that it is impossible to enchant with such a breadth. I. A. Illinskiy said: "Russia has gifted us with majestic natural riches - both outward and inward." The Russian people take care of the richness of the inexhaustible and do not take care of them. Tse breed in our mentality statelessness. We are given what is rich in us. And I gave at my robot “About Russia” Ilyin write “Look how generous our riches are, we have poured as spiritual kindness, as organic, affectionate good nature, calmness, openness of the soul, comradeship ... to reach everyone, and yet the Lord send." Whose Russian roots are crying generosity.

“The natural calmness, good nature and generosity of the Russians miraculously strayed from the dogmas of Orthodox Christian morality. humility the Russian people have that type of church. Christian morality, which for hundreds of years trimmed the entire Russian statehood, strongly stuck into the national character. Orthodoxy wiggled among the Great Russians spirituality, all-forgiving love, strangeness, sacrifice, spiritual kindness.

The unity of the Church is that power, which seems to itself not less than the support of the country, but with a part of the majestic cultural diversity, it has grown among the Russians patriotism to reach sacrificial heroism. A.I. Herzen wrote: "Kozhen rosiysky usvіdomlyu himself a part of all the powers, vіdomlyuє his zealousness with the rest of the population." The problem of the fit of the Russian expanses and that of the future was for the Russian people one of the worst. Shche Mykolaj 1 saying: "Stand up for the misfortunes of Russia."

Russian people have zavzyatist and gruntovnist peasant and nomadic shelter ( well done, exercising from the habitable place in search of the best, horizontal structuring space is too thin.) Russians do not separate cordons between Europe and Asia, balancing between the two models of development.

The universal geographic analysis of the ethno-cultural and natural environment allows today to reveal the most important features of the mentality of any people and the simplest stages and factories of yogo molding. (3)

About Chinese pragmatism

The sage talks about the slack, and not about the eyes: you take the necessary things and make a pledge. (Lao Tszi. "Tao de tsin")

The uniting cob of rethinking and reworking the values ​​of different cultures and religions and assimilated and assimilated in China is pragmatism. The very dominance of rice to the mentality of the Chinese will confuse that marvelous presence of the Chinese and the current building to the survival of the most important minds by stretching the richest history of the Middle Kingdom. The very same Chinese civilization, which gave rise to one of the most mystical currents - Taoism, live very pragmatically, do not talk about the benefits, but always follow it. So itself, as if it were a Chinese, pragmatically navit z drіbnitsі get your own interest. Obviously, this situation is mindful of those realities, with which a tourist is stuck, who comes to China today. Nasampered, opposing the gaudy pragmatism of the Chinese, vіrnіshe їkhnyu pratsyu be-yakoy dilyantsі, while looking at him and rіven. On the way to Chen Demi, they were watching how the Chinese are building sloping terraces in the mountains for earthworkers. Before us, pictures of the distant past literally came to life: a beak, a plow, a cat, that people. Mi bachili, like a bagatokilometer greenhouses for the cultivation of blue vegetables, peas and kvassoli robitniks vkryvali mats in the night cold, and vrantsі, zі descent of the sun, tidied them up, stacking at the majestic buy - and so on. Navit on dosit vіddalenіy vіd tsentralї ї zhіstrali auto refueling the toilet after a skin visit vіdvіduvacha is washed and deodorized by plows.

Ale yakcho « workaholism» - Vіdoma chinese rice, then їhnya love before trade vrazhє. De b vy not buli - bіla to the museum, temple, palace, in the station, bіla to the restaurant, theater, hotel, on the observatory Maidan, there is a large number of merchants in various souvenirs, toys, leaflets, hustkas.

Over 500 million people live in China, who are “insecure”, quiet, who were born in this world over the establishment of a “minimum”: one or two children - a friend with special permission. The stench is not registered, there are no documents. And we all need to live!

China is the land of different languages, peoples, cultures. І navіt at the very Chinese movі chotiri tonіchnі voices. The least change in tone - and the word is said to have a different meaning. Chinese people from different provinces can not understand one thing alone. To that in China, video information is given precedence. May all films, performances and programs of an informational and political nature are duplicated by titles - the hieroglyphs in all provinces and all are read the same way. And yet, the very presence of tonic voices took on the development of a high musical culture.

Pragmatism The Chinese manifest themselves in everything, according to the age to health, to us. Aje same turbota about health is the basis of Taoism, the development of Chinese and Tibetan medicine, traditional martial arts. Schoranka, passing by, be a kind of place, you can guard groups of people who are engaged in the dihal-meditative rights of qigong, taijiquan gymnastics. At weekends, parks and gardens are given to volunteers for pensioners.

China is a land of contrasts

... Buttya and nebuttya one of one breed,

It’s easier to do one thing alone,

A short and a long one are reconciled by one,

High and low one to one compete.

(Lao Tszi. "Tao de tsin")

However, upon closer inspection, the classical culture is opposed to an hourly singing stereotype. In China, everything conforms to the Taoist canon and is stereotyped. In line with the principles of Taoism, that yoga symbolism in architecture overrides the unpaired number “9” - it’s the most beloved, the troch is closer to “7”, and if there is no other number, especially “4”, it’s more equal to understand “death”. At that very hour, you transcend symmetry, ring out, that with the principle of unity of the opposite principles - the woman and the man (Yin and Yang). To that, two lions will stand as fingers in front of us: from one side, a lion, laying its paw on the sack - a human symbol, which means power, and from the opposite side - a lion, under the paw of such a child, a woman's symbol, which means family. All budіvlі vіdpіdno to principіv Taoism will be the back wall adjoining to gіr, and the facade - going to the river or piece of water. True, here the symbolic elements of harmony with the Cosmos are intertwined - earth and water, and in the middle of the people, with purely practical, functional ones - defending the sights of enemies, which the Chinese always had a lot of.

Chinese gardens - the most harmonious the number of occupants Yin and Yang: nature and architecture, verticals and horizontals, empty spaces. Be it in a garden, three elements are always present, so that a person could linger: water, skeletons and growth. The colors of the din are always composed of five colors, according to Taoist statements about five elements. In addition, the color of the din means the characters of the characters - yak figurative art, and in sculpture. The colors of the din are victorious to inspire the religious rite. Well, and, of course, canonically, the use of animal symbols, in the first place, the dragon occupies, which specializes water and vikonu protective functions. The most popular are the tiger, turtle, kin, dinorig. The lotus, the symbol of purity, hopes for a lot of colors. Shche khmari is a symbol of the sky, a cult of which occupied the first place in the life of pre-Confucian China. Zvіdsi old name China - Pіdnebesna. Dragons on dahas perform a protective function, protecting all the living species of power that are brought into the life of evil spirits. The same functions win the famous bent dahi from sealed pipes tightly tiles, as well as their own labyrinths at the gates of the entrance to the life of the middle-class Chinese.

With all the originality and specificity of Chinese history and culture, on the basis of the history of the culture of our land, one can count on that їх bedrooms of rice. One can see them collectivism - chi community, good-naturednessі hospitality, building by piece do hardships, and then finish them off (5) .

Experience: Russians about Chinese

As shown by experience, 42% of Russians, judging by their own words, developed positive image of China. In groups, the respondents spoke little about those that the Chinese are a robotic, patient, wise people.

« Well, those who are Chinese - themselves practical people in the world, everyone sees it. І stink with your praciality, brought your work» (DFG, Novosibirsk).

« The country is civilized. And so - the land of robots.» (DFG, Novosibirsk).

« Tolerant people. I'm guessing that all of this is history<об этом говорит> « (DFG, Moscow).

« Vitrivali people» (DFG, Moscow).

« Stink wiser people» (DFG, Samara).

« Tse old, wise power.» (DFG, Novosibirsk).

Before the speech, significantly more often, lower than the average, about a positive image of China, the respondents of 50 years old and older (48%) speak about it. Such is the appointment of representatives of these socio-demographic groups, calling for everything, rich in what is conceived by the adopters of the country as one of the remaining "strongholds" of the communist order. Respectfully, the current television pictures from China - not with pagodas, but with a red ensign, a sickle and a hammer - are less powerful than a similar image, kinder than seasonings with nostalgic feelings.

Another group, more often, lower than the middle one, which declares that they stink even more positive image of China - tse individuals with greater illumination (53%).

Over a third of Russians (36%) seem to have accumulated stench neutral the image of a similar susіda, moreover, more often, lower than the average one, this is how young respondents (48%) and individuals from the average global illumination (41%) describe their appearance about the country.

negative The image of China was slated for 12% of respondents. It is important to note that the residents of the Siberian (17%) and especially the Far-Range Districts (29%) speak about the negative image of the country most often. The very problem of illegal immigration of bagmen "under heaven" is more acute there.

« 25% of Vladivostok are Chinese. A free passage through the cordon, a free purchase of sales, that's all! Near the center of Vladivostok there are booths, restaurants, everything is Chinese. So it is in Zabaikalli» (DFG, Novosibirsk)

« We have a lot of unemployed people. Well, how come the stars come without visas?» (DFG, Novosibirsk).

Another 10% of the food is important for food, which is the image of China in their tribute.

Among the experts, two thirds of them have a positive image of China, the fourth - a neutral one, and only one sixteen of their experts speak of a negative image of a similar country.

Chimalu's turbulence echoes among the respondents of "peaceful expansion" to China on the Far Descent:

« Everyone knows what people inhabit Siberia, and everything. Bring in the mustache ... Bring in the lіs, and the smart, and that's all. The stench is being tried, and step by step, peacefully suffocating the territory» (DFG, Samara).

« The stench is populating our territories... The stench is slowly occupying our territory» (DFG, Samara).

« Vzagali, as if marveling at the military history, the stench practically never acted as an attacking side. The stinks robbed in their own way: the stench of the garb of the khib scho let through, they assimilated it. And those who at once are rich in Chinese in Russia - tse shvidshe stench there slowly call, call.(DFG, Novosibirsk).

Nareshti, the traditional fear of the "numbers" of the Chinese, judging by the replies of the focus group participants, as before, in the mass media:

« And the whole billion is afraid of me. Viklikaє poyuvannya» (DFG, Moscow).

« Fighting for the whole world is the expansion of the Chinese. Because it develops better, the population is even more majestic, the army is even stronger. So, in the future, there is a fight, that there is a hoarding of the territory» (DFG, Samara). (6)

Irresistible humor in cross-cultural communication

Irresistible humor as a result of lack of competence in intercultural communication can be broken down into sprat types:

incomprehensible to the butt humor, due to the presence of similar realities in their own culture,

unreasonable quiet chi other accepted etiquette norms,

unreasonable deep values ​​of a particular culture.

Unreasonable humor, which is rooted in unknown realities, is easily taken for the obviousness of comments. Vinyatok to become a hero of words: the nose of a foreign culture of understanding, scho, ymovirno, in other language such a vicious combination of homonymous loners can appear ridiculous, but the words of a common language are not homonyms, then a comical effect. Ros'explaining, connected with the form of words, in fact, uses the inconsistency of semantic confusion, which lies at the basis of humor. Similarly, do not cry out the laughter of heat, awakened on the Romans. Such hotness is not typical for English culture, but in Russian jokes the stench is registered in our corpus of butts, the main rank of hundred and fifty primitive jokes.

Sound out a chuckle of anecdotes, related to different classifications, which are the manifestations of other peoples. It is easy to guess that the very structure of the anecdote can suggest its climax. For example, the translations of my Russian offensive anecdote do not fully fit into the Russian statements about Italians, but let us understand the context:

How to reconcile a parachutist recruit with the first haircut?

The American needs to be told: "What a man you are, you are a string!"

English: "Sir, tse - tradition."

To the Frenchman: "Tse is the woman's scum."

Nimtsu: Tse order.

Italian: "Shearing fenced!"

The rest of the remark in the joke was inspired by contrast, which contrast is based on the typical image-stereotype of Italy in the eyes of Europeans.

More collapsible - an anecdote from a confused classification:

Paradise is the place, de policemen are English, cooks are French, mechanics are German, cochants are Italian, and managers are Swiss. Hell - tse place, de cooks - English, mechanics - French, kohantsi - Swiss, policemen - Germans, and managers - Italians.

Anglіytsі povagoyu of up to approximately svoїh polіtseyskih, nіmetskі polіtseyskі vіdomі svoєyu suvorіstyu, vіdomo takozh, scho frantsuzka cuisine is famous svoєyu vishukanіstyu and anglіyska viklikaє narіkannya in frantsuzіv that іnshih єvropeytsіv (zaznachimo scho Suchasna anglіyska kitchen digit mіroyu Je іnternatsіonalnoyu). Nimtsі in Europe love to mechanics and precise mechanisms, the stereotype of the Italian is a biased kohanets, the Swiss are famous for their discipline and good organizational skills, the idea of ​​superstition is enshrined in the concept of "Swiss bank". Tsey anecdote podorozhuyuchih kraїnami Svoge continent, given pereplutana klasifіkatsіya viklikaє nepіdrobnu posmіshku: zgaduyut stench, scho in Frantsії nіhto not zmіg polagoditi їhnіy avtomobіl in Іtalії їm happened to vitratiti bagato hour at the airport through admіnіstrativnі problem i i bezvіdpovіdalnіst personnel etc. , Such anecdotes are based on a significant world on special evidence, that is, on the experienced experienced unreasonable realities.

Let's bring up one more anecdote, which plays on the stereotypes of the manifestation of foreign ethnic groups:

German, American and Swedish police take part in the competition - who is the best to catch evil-doers. Dane’s task: the forest has let out a hare, and you need to be evil. The Swedish policemen start creatures-іnformators according to all the forests, test all the growing and mineral reports and after three months of hard work, they will come to the visnovka, that there are no hares in nature. The Americans rush into the fox, hit the fox twice, they can’t know anyone, they pick up the fox, knocking everyone in, including the hares, and they don’t vibe to anyone. The Germans take to the right and in two years they turn around with a heavily beaten witch, like a wolf: “So, I am a hare, I am a hare! Just don't kick me!"

From the looks of the English and the Americans, the Swedish police officers are pedantic and liberal. In our opinion, the Swedes in this series turned out to be vipadkovym: it is necessary to induce their own classification of zhorstokosti and show that they are a people, the police of which are supernaturally m'yako put up to wickedness. The American police are not repulsed by thinned zhorstokistyu (here the priority is to lie to the Germans), but by insufficient competence, which is compensated by the vivacious brute force. Invitation to American Vіdstnіst Trache (`Nіkom, not to bring Vibachin), the remainder means to be sickly by Tim Cultures, de navigating the norms of Vischlyosti, repeatedly - for English cultivo films and know the zhorstokіst nіmtsіv under the hour of war.(7)

The English demonstrated the seemingly unreasonable Russian realities associated with powerful names in jokes:

Titka Valya: “Dear boys! Vova Glazunov from Moscow won the first place at our little competition on the theme "Vanya and the Witch". New himself a bunch of little ones. It’s true, I’ve helped you three times to help Illya…”

The English may not know that Illya Glazunov is a contemporary Russian artist. In addition, the thought about those who sent the child to the competition of children's little ones in the picture, how they helped to paint, is given to the English marvelous: this idea destroys the English announcement about the fair play (fair play). Analog-in-law Anglіjtsі Do not rose, Rosiyan's rose to pіdkzki pіd hour іspitu: we have a comradist, yaki Vіdmovsya Tobі Підкая під під ід іпита спитовая сто сто стовіна зак відмова на відкий и и истурії ї натровий стройльки , є duzhe suvorim).

The English found it difficult to understand specific Russian jokes about the KDB:

A person to call the KDB at a pay phone: “Hello, KDB? Poor practice! Run to another pay phone: “Hello, KDB? Poor practice! Vіdbіg to the third: Hello, KDB? Poor practice! Watching a hand on the shoulder: "As we can, so it's practicable."

The specificity of these anecdotes is that the state security is endowed with supernatural features and is assessed positively by its own. Such a setting to superimpose the norms of carnival culture, inverting values ​​and nature to an anecdote. I don't really think that similar anecdotes were specially seen in the analytical files of the KDB for the creation of specific stereotypes among the population. Before the speech, the very abbreviation “Committee of State Security” was deciphered hotly with the positive connotation “office of a deep wind”. ):

NASA is wondering why the SHUTTLE, a hard-flying squirt, is vibrating, and in the KDB, why is it not vibrating the right ...

Ignore those that the KDB is attributed in this text to the functions of the best intelligence, the Russian culture and support the building of our special services to carry out the most fantastic operations. The English take such a text as pretentious and nationally chauvinistic.

Vlady’s apologetics has ceased to be blamed on Russian anecdotes, dedicated to the zustrichas of the greater kerivniks. A childish anecdote of Brezhnev's hours:

Brezhnev comes to America. American President Reagan seems to say: "Press that button!" Brezhnev pressed and leaned under a cold shower. In one hour Reagan arrives to Moscow. Brezhnev youmu seems: "Press on the button!" Reagan pressed, nothing happened. Pressing again, nothing happened. Vіn kazhe: What is it? The axis is with us, in America ... "And Brezhnev yomu:" There is nothing more for your America.

The English did not know this funny anecdote, the reaction was an overwhelming smile, a number of vipadkivs had a push of a shoulder. It is impossible to say whether the respondents (and the followers of the Happy Kingdom) felt solidarity for the promotion to the United States, but when they praised the power of the SRSR in the genre of anecdote, it seemed strange to them. It’s clear that at the same time jokes were circulating, in some Brezhnev’s testimonies even by a German person, the jokes didn’t call unreasonable among the English respondents.

Speaking about the realities of our culture, which are unreasonable for the English respondents, it is obvious that anecdotes about the police are even more specific to Russian culture. The attitude to right-wingers among the noses of Russian culture is sharply negative. The police at the mirror anecdote is reminiscent of corruption and closeness. For example:

The police officer-daishnik comes home, angry and frozen - having earned little, standing on the highway. Youmu is guiding the doors of the sin-schoolboy. Daishnik shout: "Come on, scammer, as if having taken a deuce, I'll yell!" The boy in tears lives up to his mother: “They gave me a double today!” "Good, don't fight," as if the mother put fifty rubles in the son's wallet on the side with two. The lad with a jolt gives the father's boy. That one, frowning, gortaє, reach the side with a banknote, put it in the gut, relieved zіthaє and say: “Good, you want everything at home!”

Whose text was important for the English, the stench realized that there was an inadequate behavior of the policeman, but the whole system of Russian realities seemed closed to them. М Keeping Rippovіsti, Scho Milіtsіya on the roads, the service of the Holding AvtoNSPSKії, now, to the speech, I am transferred to the ISPSEKSI of the North Road Road Road (DIPDD), MAZHEVY ROSІYSKOVYY Buli Buli Yak Zdirikniki, Yaki, unjustly fined the water. I realized that the anecdotes were the victims of the unfair control of the state over people. To the noses of modern Russian culture, the procedure for presenting the rights of a policeman is known, and a banknote is put into the rights. The humor of the induced text is based on the fact that the deputy of the rights of the water figure is a worker of learning - another reality that is common in English culture. English schoolchildren don't have students, they are the only way to control children.(8)

The English could hardly appreciate such a heat:

On the exhibition of the burnt parts:

- Uncle, do you need a helmet and a belt?

- That axis, little one, if I climb into the booth to burn, that one falls on my head - so the helmet vryatu me.

- Shut up, and I thought that the muzzle didn’t crack.

On the top of the rozumіnnya of this text is the lad's mockery of the tovsm pozhozhnik. At tsomu sensi before us is a pastiche anecdote. But in this text, the English did not understand the linguocultural presupposition: the fireman is a human being, if he sleeps all the time in the service, then his physionomy swelled up in a new one, it’s necessary to bandage it with a Reminsky, so that it doesn’t crack. The lad in rich Russian jokes is like a provocateur-trickster, which is inevitable to put in a deaf kut of a grown-up. The function of the most embossed form is expressed in a series of jokes about Little Johnny (a lot of these jokes are rude).

The results of our experimental analysis of the reception of anecdotes showed that the sign "rudeness" did not appear among the types of respondents, both from the English side, and from the Russian side (at the same time, we did not look at the anecdotes, although we wanted to conduct objective follow-up in special robots, they should also be taken to respect. A number of English anecdotes were sprinkled by Russian respondents as borderline fresh. The English have such a reaction to the Vishukan anecdotes of the lands of Pivdenno-Skhidnoy Asia:

Having punished the king of the mawp, a month was given to you from the sky. The courtiers streaked from the high rocks, fought, and, nareshti, the best of them zoomed in until the month and brought yoga to their master. Passing the month to the king, the courtier was asleep: “Oh, great king, I dare to ask, what is the month for you?” The king, thinking: “Really, now?

Such anecdotes are of a philosophical nature, start thinking about life, perhaps, with a smile, but they can hardly be brought up to spontaneous fires.

The English respondents stumbled at a twist when trying to understand the anecdote, in which figure the value is specific to the Russian language:

Goloshennya in the Ukrainian newspaper: I change the kilim 3x4 m for a piece of fat of the same size.

At the sight of Russian fats - Ukrainians are in love, an anecdote to revenge the obvious hyperbole. At the same time, the kilim appeared as a peace of value, which in our apartments was often hung on the wall as an embellishment and which looked like a valuable investment. In the angilіyskiy municipal one of the one-grained crossing of Rosіyskoy Realії` Salo ", є Words, Shaho Meaning Fat, Heats Fat, English Unzomalіlah G_perbol in Romirrah Salah Salah, Nashti, Woney Sprinkle Kilimi Tіlki Yak Zaruchna Pіdlogovy Preekty demonstratsіyu Anglіytsі takozh not mozhut zrozumіti spetsifіchnogo pіdtrunennya rosіyan over ukraїntsyami i navpaki, Hoca analogіchnі vіdnosini toil Location mіzh anglіytsyami that Scots anglіytsyami that іrlandtsyami toscho Elements vzaєmnogo nerozumіnnya in mіzhkulturnomu kontaktі, predstavlenі in karikaturnіy anekdotichnіy formі, Mabuchi, etnokulturnoyu unіversalієyu, ale yakostі іnshogo people , scho pіdlyagayut osmіyannu, spefičnіchnі: english could not comprehend and even more characteristic anecdote for intercultural misunderstanding between russians and ukrainians:

Druzhina: Why did I hit me, I didn’t hurt anything!

Cholovik: It would have been for what they would have killed.

The presupposition about the right of a person to hit a squad is wonderful for the English, although a great number of anecdotes about a mother-in-law do not have a similar presupposition. For the English, the principles are unreasonably unmotivated: sticking in the light, for whom, in principle, there are no causal and inherited cues, and the Russians themselves accept it as fun, the English feel their own cognitive discomfort. Sounds of bells and whistles about the ordering of the world as a value in the English language.

Such anecdotes are sharply contrasted with jartas, which are too big and caricatured to represent the songs of human beings. Our corpus has a humorous miniature on the subject of radio transmission:

Actual radio conversation Viconano from Chief of Naval Operations (so it says)

Hail: Please divert your course 15 short walks to North to avoid a collision.

Reply: Recommend you divert YOUR course 15 short walks to South to avoid a collision.

Hail: This is the Captain of a US. navy ship. I say again, divert YOUR course.

Reply: No, I say again, you divert YOUR course.

Hail: THIS IS THE AIRCRAFT CARRIER ENTERPRISE. WE ARE A LARGE WARSHIP OF THE U.S. NAVY. DIVERT YOUR COURSE NOW!

Reply: This is the lighthouse...on my call.

Radio recording from the ranks of the military navy.

Request: I ask you to change the course by 15 degrees for pivnich s tim, so that you can avoid the closure.

Note: I recommend that you change your heading by 15 degrees on a pivday to clear up the gap.

...

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About the riddle Russian mentality it is said richly sliv, and receptions and not much. Є y accept drawings from the mysterious Russian soul, but y dark, unkind. With more detailed consideration, it is possible to complete an ambiguous picture, but to look at it the same way and even more knowingly, wanting to have a plan to understand yourself and sharpen, to have grown.

One of the main the devil with Russian character vvazhayut the primacy of suspіlstva over specialty. The Russian people feel like a part of the suspense, and you can’t think of yourself in her posture. Vin is less than a sip, a drop at the boundless ocean of yoga brothers. The concept of prosperity goes far beyond the borders of the dekilkoh sudnіh budinkіv, one embraces one's own village in the tradition. Russian people in Persian black "Lukoshkinsky", "Tulupkinsky", "Vedmezhansky", and even then only Vasil Stepanovich, Ignat Petrovich and so on.

Positive moment in such an approach, it manifests itself in a clever way, to stand up against the enemy, to stand as a united front against the enemy. Negatively, it is the overwriting of specialness, the constant need to transfer one's own strength to the collective, to "opism".

Russian world To finish the polar, among the Russian people, there is "truth" and "falsehood", and there are no common pivtons between them. Navit processes of modern globalization can not do the level of borders, smooth out the mixing of cultures with the help of a path, our people all the same saturate themselves with light like a shakhivnitsa: black, white, and all fields are sensible and square.

Mindful, skin permanent member of the partnership pragne to live "in truth", which term should be known in legal documents. One of the first legal documents in Kievan Rus is called "Ruska Pravda", rules of regulation of trade, legal regulation, norms of criminal and procedural legislation. Explaining how to live the truth.

At that hour Germans Sound associative pedantry, suvore dotrimannya rules, discipline, everything is deeply alien to the Russian people. Vіn shvidshe skhilny to vіdsutnostі be-yakоїdiscipline, yоgo more priavluє liberties, sincerity, roznі vіddaє transcendence to a deep sense. It’s also worth bringing an hour to negativity, lack of power, that life will be in general, but in other times you can become truly a strong side. And just like life with emotions, the Russian people are given much more happiness, less blindly following written instructions.

Written by other people instructions by Russian people greatly annoyed. Traditionally, such a rice mentality was swayed, as if that suspileship - the power and the governing bodies - was opposed to itself. The state is taken as inevitably evil, as an apparatus of oppression. And the people, suspenstvo, live and stick in the minds of the state. The Russian itself does not look like that on the one who, having headed you straight, looks like on the one who has entered into a soldering with the state. Such people were always called different equivalents of the modern word "snitch" and were treated as baked abominations, patrons of the people, Christ-sellers.

Affectionately, singing Russian people Dosyazhenno, vono іsnuє. Here, far away, but there it is, and one time it will come obov'yazkovo. Perhaps, not for this life, but if you get out of it, show up, come on the Garne of life. Vira in tse grits the Russian people in the dark hours, in war, in famine, in the hour of revolution and slaughter. You will be welcome. And the Russian itself, live a good life, be a good person.

On the negative side vіri if you have more good, if you come as if by yourself - special bezvidpovidalnist. The Russian people themselves do not care about themselves, if I want to endow the world with a strong one, so that the moment of indulgence of goodness from the heavenly heights is near, so that there is no magic for that. Russian not only does not take an active part in the coming year of the victory of good, but to inspire and not to think about it, as if it were a labor.

Love to super- Another characteristic touch to the portrait of a person. In whom the whole Russian character is intertwined with the Roman one, in whose culture a wide range of popular love has been laid down to discussions. And in both cultures, the super-girl is not accepted as a way to show yourself that you can change the mind of the master in the rightness, because it is intellectually right, charging for the mind is that form of roaming. In spite of the widened pereconanny, go over to the words to curcules, it’s not accepted, on the other hand, to someone else’s thought, the Russian people sound tolerant, so as not to succumb to them without any direct aggression at their address.

Set to wet health the Russian people are definitely baiduzhe. Rejoice chi dbati about the camp of your body, take care of physical culture, to look at the Russian mentality as if it were delicacy, rozpeschennosti.

Well, I can't help but guess about supra-national loyalty of the Russian people before stealing that swag. As it has already been said, the power is set against itself, placed before it, as before the enemy, it is like setting up and up to Khabariv with theft. From historical records, we can create visnovoks, which has been so for all hours.

It's no secret, however, that for an hour to instill the mentality of peoples there may be changes. Adzhe vіn go out not only because of the geographic expansion of the place of living for the people, but also because of the richness of other factors, which signify yogo svіdomіst. All the same, I give hope in the light of the future, in order to win, or to help the nedolіkіv of our mentality and the rich strength of yoga.

- the totality of all the summaries of knowledge, the assessment of their foundations for the previous culture and practical activity, national awareness, special living knowledge.

Podbag alloy, which signifies the spiritual light of a person zagalom, її pіdkhіd to tih chi іnshih specific practical references.

Lyudin

Vcheny

Viyskogo

businessman

The skin people, cultural integrity, have their own peculiarities of thought, a way of life, which paints a picture of the world, and develops the history of the people, spielnoti. Skin people lead themselves in such a rank that they support the national mentality.

Russian mentality . Why does yoga have the main features?

Farther, superbly large kindness . Zvichayno, Garni peopleє among skin people. Ale people, yak may be impersonal short-lived, and goodness itself stand in the first place. Tse i є rosіyani. At tsієї yakostі єі zvorotny bіk - marvelous tolerance to rot.

In a different way, more humane skygazer If the first place in the system of values ​​of a person stands the share of all mankind, the other plan - the share of his people, the third - the share of his own family, the power of the share. Tsya akіst maє і zvorotny bіk - nehtuvannya by their own minds of life. A Russian can live in a drunken hut, be satisfied with the least, not wishing to build up the burden to improve, but to rozmirkovuvat with whom about global problems.

B - third, slightly higher asceticism. There are no equals for a Russian, if you need to be unbearable and unbearable, if you need to “develop” your life in the lives of other people, or dedicate yourself as a whole to your right, as a servant.

All the three yakos - kindness, humane svetoglyad i asceticism– you can learn how to understand the Russian mentality with deep understanding – spirituality. Spirituality- why and especially the morally - aesthetic camp of a person, if the wines are wide enough to such values, like truth, goodness, beauty, humanism, freedom, social justice, if there is an endless internal dialogue about one’s recognition of that sense of life.

A group of Russian mentality is coming. First, tse - Community.Її it could also be called sobornistyu, and in the Radian period it was called collectivism. And here the Russians have a principled view of the western civilization. Zahidna civilization, which was ahead of the Protestant lands, has historically evolved a particular type of people. Characteristic of yoga is individualism as a value that psychological reality of individual autonomy.

So, in the United States, the main religious trend was puritanism, one of the main ideas of such a multiplication of wealth for the glory of the Lord. Sounds of firm individualism: "Leather for himself - one God for all", pracity and energy. The basic values ​​of American society have become individual freedom, reliance on oneself and material well-being as an equivalent of happiness. Individualism has both positive and negative sides. So, the American himself suffers from his own selfishness - even if all his own lives and misfortunes can be carried with him, and in public it’s less fun to laugh. Navit in your Sim. God forbid you try to “cry in your vest” to someone - once you become an outcast: “Tse are your problems, keep quiet!”

Mentality Russian, historical formations under the influx of the Orthodox Church and the Russian strong community, other, communal, cathedral - "one for all and all for one." Let's do good in virazi: “with light”, “with light on a thread - a naked shirt”, etc.

The light of this sensi is a strong community, as a rule it was rooted in mutual support and mutual support. It is customary for us to “spare” our susi, friends on their own, take pennies from the borg, which is unacceptable in the western lands. And in front of Russia, people will not give a break. From one side, the brotherhood, wider in pre-revolutionary Russia, and now, patronage of the kshtalt brothers Tretyakov, Z. Morozov and other important people has been born; from the other side - like a polar phenomenon - also a manifestation of the quality - the communal mentality of the Russian. The very "Russian", shards community as a peculiarity of the mentality of the powerful like the Russian, and the Jews, Tatars, Buryats, Kalmik, and the mentality of that is richly sleepy. in such a manner, community it is powerful, obviously, to all the peoples and to all the peoples that inhabit Russia. So it goes, like spirituality. Adzhe not without reason, for example, Skhid was always called spy.

ale community have their own negative vibes. Nasampered the principle of "do not hang out." In the community, people are obliged to live approximately the same: “I am like a mustache”, “we are not worse, lower among others”. People, for some reason, have achieved much more success, lower, who do not want to live beyond the canons of the wild, the community does not accept and “live”.

In another way, tradition, which manifests itself in the support of folk culture, folk traditions, folk language, folk rituals, folk crafts, handicrafts. Why not draw an analogy with the United States. Buvayuchi there, marveling - like folk culture, folk traditions are not known.

Thirdly, criticality, so that the richness of a Russian, the building of Russian culture, indulges in the splendid infusions, absorb the values ​​of different peoples, spiritually enrich and transform them, taking away from one’s own uniqueness and unity.

All these peculiarities can be combined in another profound understanding - the nationality of the Russian mentality, the powerful Russian civilization.

Zreshtoyu, the third group of yakos.

First - tse patriotism like love to the Motherland, love to the small and great Fatherland, readiness to faithfully serve the right prosperity, love one’s own home, and readiness to protect yoga. Obviously, patriotism is the same as the other world's revelations among all peoples. Ale, the Russian is painfully torn apart, almost tight in the Batkivshchyna.

In addition, the Russian people can tolerate blasphemy for a long time. Ale blasphemy against their own, internal gnobiteli. I urge you not to endure more than evocative, outrageous slanderers, but let there be some kind of evangelical intrusion in your life. Yak pisav A.S. Pushkin, because of the patience of the Russian officials, was still overwhelmed, if the English began to bark.

In another way, recognition of a strong sovereign power. Historically, Russia was developed by stribs, and tsі stribs fell on the periods of strong sovereign power - Ivan the 3rd the Great (do not stray, as often happens, with Ivan the 4th the Terrible), Peter the Great, also nicknamed the Great, Katerina 2nd the Great, and also - Stalin. Strong sovereign power is called not to supersede democracy - even if democracy can be strong or weak. Otzhe, the sovereign power of Russia is strong today in the minds of democratic reforms is extremely necessary.

Russia’s will is needed in order to stand in the minds of the lower minds of these noble and internal forces, in order to weaken our country in every possible way, to win the midst of the worldly powers, and then to destroy the world.

Entry

An important clerk, who embeds the culture of the tієї chi іnshої kraїni - the mentality of the wearer in the center of culture, which was formed by the protracting of the century. Latin mentality mens(mentis) - rozum, mind, way of thought, spiritual storehouse, rosemary, rosemary development. This term denotes the consummation of the sound and the vіruvan, the way of thinking, the tamannyy chi іnshіy splnostі. The mentality is easier to describe for the help of some key ones to understand, to give a clearer definition.

It is necessary to distinguish between the concepts of “mentality” and “mentality”. Less often tsі words є synonyms. The term “mentality” expresses a concrete, historical quality, a lack of mentality (a system of certain stable characteristics), so called. mental core, which is manifested in mov, in national character, in folklore, in politics, in mysticism.

The mentality reveals those who did not remember the historical era directly; the epoch of yak bi pose by its own will "promotes" about itself, about its secrets. On the other side, one can feel the same way that one cannot recognize oneself on the equal side of one’s own speeches.

We know about the mentality of tієї chi іnshої cultures, nasampered, z dіyan and tvorіv її representatives. Defender of national cultures and become the most important tasks of the welfare. Otherwise, no less relevant task - do not reshuffle cultural modernization, synthesis, dialogue of cultures. Today's Russia and the Russian mentality that is being born is the axis of wealth and superb material for cultural studies, even more relevant at the same time.

70 years of radian power have deprived the deep and super-experienced vibe of the culture of our country - one of the most important after the adoption of Christianity, which became the spiritual basis of Russian culture for a long time. The analysis of this folding, rich in a tragic period in the history of Russia is important even now, if the SRSR as a power has already conquered history, and the remnants of a colossal, radiant mentality have been lost.

The main problem of the Radian mentality is the introduction of religious values. For seven decades, the ideology was based on the materialist concept of Marxism-Leninism. Spiritually, well, it can be more deeply rooted.

The main problem of the radian mentality is that which is based on the human spirit, and not the divine. Whipping a person like a guide to the earthly life, we, without suspecting it, will be a huge, radiant mentality. Lyudina radyanska - tse people are far from freedom of thought and creative self-realization.

AT term paper I try to show the characteristic features of the Russian mentality, and inspire their transformation under the influx of radian ideology. The culture of today's Russia is a synthetic culture (the synthesis of the pre-revolutionary, and radyansky evidence with liberal-rationalistic values ​​Zakhod); in nіy Je tendentsії for away CREATIVE rozvitku for podolannya quiet perezhitkіv Radyans'ka mentalіtetu, SSMSC zavazhayut realіzuvati svіy іntelektualny, CREATIVE i gospodarsky potentsіal rosіyskomu people in tsіlomu that mіlyonam іndivіdіv zokrema, pobuduvati zhittєzdatnu ekonomіchnu that polіtichnu system zasnovanu on more democratic principles, scho vbiraє Statement as traditional, and new phenomena of the vіtchiznânoї and svіtovoї culture.

Chapter 1

1.1 Characteristics of the Russian mentality

Shche V.O. Klyuchevskii having revealed the link between natural and climatic minds and the national character of that other people. The Russian thought is back to back from the practice of understanding nature. The formation of Russia began white, covered with forests and steppes. The fox served as an overhead porch in the gates, the scarlet was not safe for people, the step - formed a motive for space, but also carried the threat of wars, nabigiv. Zvіdsi - "innocence" of the Russian people.

The culture of Russia was molded under the influence of Sunset (the adoption of Christianity), and the Skhod (in the XIII-XV centuries - the Tatar-Mongolian yoke, then - the capture and development of similar territories). A.O. Boronoev and P.I. Smirnov vvazhayut, that at the basis of the national Russian character lie service, altruistic diyalnіst (alternative, For-Іnshoy-diyalnіst), moreover, the role of "Іnshoy" can be played by people, and God, and nature, and the country (serving "Holy" God's mind). This was due to a low number of reasons - the closeness of the camp of Russia, the need to defend itself as soon as it comes, and right away, use it in mutual assistance. It was the cause of the development of the market vіdnosyns, the ale rose the religiosity and asceticism among the Russian people. Here, there was a demarcation (the very demarcation, but not a new one) with a rationalistic, more centric stargazer Sunset.

1.1.1 Religion as the basis of the Russian mentality

The most important peculiarity of the Russian mentality, is designated by philosophers as religion. Religion and philosophy of all peoples, long before Christianity, established that people were scorched and skinned people were close to God. Christianity of the Byzantine zrazka let it not be broken, but it fell on the pagan basis of the words of the Yang religion.

Christian religion is manifested in the search for absolute, thorough goodness, which was created only in the Kingdom of God. At the heart of this spiritual quest lie two biblical commandments: love God more for yourself and your neighbor as yourself. It’s good for Christian vchennyam, good things are not founded on a clear foundation of good and evil, do not lead to the Kingdom of God.

From Z. M. Solovyov's "History of Russia from the most recent hours" one can know the texts of chronicles, official documents, additional diplomats, commanders. All these documents are more riddles about God, God's will. The princes, before their death, had their hair cut by the Chentsi. In the eighteenth century, as in Russia, the ideas of Enlightenment began to penetrate, the activity of the Masons expanded widely, they began to destroy the knowledge of the truths of Christianity along the path of cultural and religious synthesis (Christianity, Judaism, middle alchemy, antiquity). In the XIX - at the beginning of the XX century, religiousness emerged in the works of poetry, prose, dramaturgy, and religious philosophy.

Religious people joke about the absolute goodness of the will. Yak zahіdnі (Byzantine), and skhіdnі (Arabic) dzherel witnessed about the willfulness of words. This is what happened to Russian folklore (singing, melody of Russian fairy tales, songs, dances).

1.1.2 Practicing service and self-sacrifice as a national Russian rice

Tension to isolation, development of folding plans, building to collectivism, self-sacrifice - the axis of Russian psychology. Help the social whole to be more important than your own. The service was the most important form of activity for the Russian mentality, that was the essence of life. For the Russian people, the value of the individual life of the miserable is equal to that of the sacred value (motherland, community, Batkivshchyna). Zvіdsi - the spirit of Russian sovereignty, angering the power of that suppіlstva. Orthodox humility gave rise to sacrifice, asceticism among Russian people, ignorance of the values ​​​​of worldly calm and goodwill. Prote humility - means idleness; vono transfers the will to deed (feat, honesty).

The legacy of Christian humility is the spiritual warmth of the Russians, the living room is set up for foreigners, a sense of sleepiness, and you need a careless splurge. For the Russian mentality of power, it is not its centric incentives to self-affirmation, but the exercise of spiritual freedom. Tse pragnennya shkodo gospodaryuvannya manifests itself and in vіdnoshnі to material wealth.

1.1.3 Set to pennies and wealth

Among the people, perhaps, a negative attitude to material well-being the flooring did not take root deeply, like among the Russians. In Russia, in Russia, it was necessary for the foreign people to whisper "problem reasons" of their wealth. Zvіdsi - pull up to beneficence, to philanthropic activity (guess the Morozovs, Mammoths and other merchant dynasties of Russia)

Installation on economical dobrobut showed more power to the zahіdny mentality. Vaughn showed itself to be more stable and more competitive. With the cob of the New Hour in Europe, the same letter in America, having become shaped t.zv. The “middle class” is the social prosharok of people with a stable material position, like, prote, not allowing to live, not practicing (only people in the last century’s quarters spoke about the “middle class” in Russia). The Russian character has a lack of intelligence to cherish material goods, to be elevated to material values, to work to practice, to be worthy of a lot of moisture.

1.1.4 Set to work

About the setting of the Russians to practice, there are two directly opposite thoughts. Some posterigachs vvazhayut the Russians lazy through the Bagatov's life of non-statehood, and others - they attack the practicality. It's not surprising, there is no super-sharpness here. Russian mentality is not dominated by love to the point of practice. For the Russians, the meta practice is important - not on yourself, but for the high mark (for the sake of the soul, for the rumor, to the Fatherland). At once about those Russian authorities, the exercise of self-expression in creativity. Folding task, robot chi problem is a good incentive for the Russian to intensive, often materially invisible work.

Warehouse of the Russian mentality - skhilnist to collective, artillery work. Earnings are divided not for the contribution to the result, but "for justice."

Russian acceptance is also rich in why it is rooted in the Orthodox tradition. Neither the peasant nor the merchant abandoned wealth as the head mark of the foundation. The Orthodox tradition of defence, constriction (dashing) from the near and strong, which only works can become a treasure of wealth. The pre-revolutionary Russian patronage was based on the motive of service: the tsar, the Fatherland (early Stroganov, Demidov), God (monasteries and temples), the people - (patrons and benefactors - div. 1.1.3).

Among the Russian undertakings, paternalistic, “family” were dominated by hiring staff, at times, from the post, close to the ruler of the yogo part (the same was in the hands of the assistants and kripakiv). Vyshіdnі sche to Domostroy (XVI century), the stench was wider like the XIX century.

Ring out for the family the state of the Russians was natural, only those who were prepared independently were bathed. Residents of the city - townspeople, workers, merchants, the main activity of such a bula is connected with farming, all one abandoned their mother statehood. Tilki Rosії z'yavivsya special kind of settlement - mіska sadiba.

1.1.5 Setting to power

AT suspіlnogo life the willfulness of Russians manifests itself in schilnost to anarchy, in singing znevaz to power. Tsya rice has injected into the mentality such philanthropists, like Mikhailo Bakunin, Petro Kropotkin, Leo Tolstoy, on the Old Believer sensibilities and deacons of modern religious association.

Znevaga Russians to the state - Znevaga to the bourgeois zealousness in power, on earthly goods, to the so-called. "philistinism". It was alien to the European mentality to inspire in the crisis era between two worldly wars (for example, to inspire escapism, the novel by H. Hesse "Steppe Vovk", de, prote, "mishchansky" spirit of descriptions from sympathy).

On the vіdmіnu vіd zahіdnoї фvropi, de derzhavі vіnkіl slyakhіvan conquest, sovereignty in Russia, zgіdno zіstorichnym dzherelі, vіdmіnu vіd vіd іn zahіdnoї фvropi, vіdnіvіnі vіdnіvіl vyklkannya varyazіv pravіlіv people. The rulers lived the "old" truth, creating the old rules of life and going to the primus strength at the time of destruction. "Earth" and the people are alive with the truth of the "internal", Christian. It was a lot of work to develop new territories, which is why not for the money of power, but for the money of the population, as it often flowed from the reshuffle of the state (Cossacks); the state nazdoganyala pershoprokhіdtsіv less than an hour of the development of new lands. The formation of an absolute monarchy in Russia was like a windfall for the rulers, and a windfall for the people. The fates of war were the most common manifestation, the lowest peaceful fates. It is characteristic of the Russian mentality to serve the great cob that the greatness of the population (clergy, merchants, military) to order their freedom of the state, like the minds of the tidying up of evil, spurred on. Till tsієї well met the bulo poklikane clergy. The Church became the moral barriers for fighting against evil, and the state became the guardians of the primus.

Patriotism, natural love for the Fatherland and national feelings, that love for the Russian people, in the church united in one inextricable whole. The Orthodox clergy became the stronghold of Russian autocracy.

Politically, Russia was left with an absolute monarchy, while in Europe the bourgeois revolutions were going ahead and constitutional orders were being established. With whom, in a supple life, the Pobutov democracy was more pronounced, lower at the Sunset (dislike to the minds of the sixties, greater freedom in church orders, lower among Catholics and Protestants).

In such a rank, the Russian mentality will have different attitudes and inspire one to one power and ways of behavior. N. Berdyaev eloquently emphasized the peculiarities of the Russian people: “Two protracted cobs formed the basis for the formation of the Russian soul: natural, pagan, dionysic elements and ascetic black Orthodox. It is possible to show the proteges of power among the Russian people: despotism, hypertrophy of power and anarchism, freedom; zhorstokіst, skhilnіst to violence that kindness, lyudyanіst, softness; rites and slander of truth; individualism, svidom_st speciality and non-special collectivism; nationalism, arrogance and universalism, universality; eschatologically monastic religiosity and zovnishne piety; shukannya God and godless warriors; humility and impudence; slavery and rebellion.”

Wealthy education in universities and technological institutes in Russia favors wealthy people. Russian pobutovyy democratism, having received scholarships and helping students from the side of partnerships at universities. Therefore, the Russian intelligentsia was post-establishment and class-by-class, rіznochinnoy. At the beginning of the 20th century, Russia had a chance to vibrate its constitutional order, the foundation of a legal power (perhaps with a monarchical form of government, perhaps with a republican one) and a community society, as if there was no First World War and no greater coup. However, after the new year of 1917, the fate and especially - after coming before the reign of Stalin, the development of the country, and at the same time, the development of mentality in a different way.

1.2 From Russian mentality to Radian

At the first rock of the Radian power, vihovannya young generation it was straight forward the development of specialness, the development of the “new people”. Years later, the Bolshevik detachment entered the protractile path, respecting that in a totalitarian state it is more important to order the specialty of the team.

Radian mentality was formed not only on the Marxist-Lenin ambushes, but rather on the basis of the Christian mentality of the Russian people. The promotion to pracі, to material wealth, to sovereignty, by the stretch of fate, was abandoned by them.

Like a Russian villager-vlasnik, he worked hard from dawn to dawn, so did a radiant worker, a kolgospnik shvidko, hourly scheduling a plan and order. The tradition of the Russian mіsskoi sadibi (div. 1.1.4) has grown into a specialty, nowhere else is the ruh of city gardeners, which originated in Radian hour and there is not a little of a dear economic root. The patriarchal visions of war (don't let the spawned form) chirp at the radyansky hours at the enterprises, enchanted by the talents of Russian directors.

Christian root may and radyansk went out “from the skin for comforts, the skin for needs”, which led to the principle of sharing material goods “for justice”. Quietly, the Russian authorities did not waste their wealth, until they made a fortune, whether it was some kind of path, they migrated to the radiant society.

The appointment to the state continued to be left in two ways. For the Radyansk hours, such manifestations are typical, like the cult of the leader’s specialness (Lenin, Stalin, Brezhnev - less for Khrushchev), the role of the party was overwhelmed by life. At one time, "unofficial", constantly setting up to the sovereign power was less serious, ironic, often - to be lenient ("political" anecdotes, caricatures of the Brezhnev era).

The main line in the transition from the Russian mentality to the Radianian bula was the change of the status to religion. It was important that the approval of the communist ideology led to the completion of religious evidence and the approval of atheism. The policy of the power of the church changed at various stages radian history in the trials until spivpratsi in the first month after the Zhovtnevoi revolution, until the end of the fencing of church activities, the destruction of temples at 30 years. The Bolsheviks did not shy away from the conflict with the church, but the decrees of the Radyansk government about the resurrection of the church in the state of power, the schools in the church, and the transition to the Gregorian calendar called out the condemnation of Patriarch Tikhon. Tse lead to conflict; the church becomes a bulwark of the counter-revolution. The Radyansk order is trying to get a part of the clergy to their own birth and immediately liquidate the Moscow Patriarchy. Until the end of the 1920s, the Bolsheviks were able to secure the splitting of the church and the strength to re-examine quietly, who was not ready to spivpratsi.

During the Great Vytchiznyanoi war Stalin did not lose sight of the fringing of the activity of the Orthodox clergy, and he turned part of the temples, monasteries, and helped to renew the Moscow Patriarchy. For Khrushchev, on the other hand, the authority of science is being strengthened and atheism is being declared anew. At the rocky government of Brezhnev, the activities of the Russian Orthodox Church, even though they changed under the zhorst control of the party and the KDB, still hung around and supported it, and anti-religious campaigns were directed against the sectarians, who took away the praise of all church officials. Proto-religious traditions of the country were used; a significant part of the clergy was either repressed or emigrated. Tse became no less of the Orthodox. In the 30-40s, the number of people was reduced at once from their vіruvanni, with their temples, rites, and sounds.

Irrespective of those who in the Soviet Socialist Republic became unfortunate, and sometimes disastrously, the remnants of religion were preserved in the sight of numerical examples and zaboboniv, which became yet another invisible rice of the Ryansk mentality. The Radyansk epoch did not eliminate all forms of mass religious beliefs, it protested them beyond the traditional norms of the galusian butovo mysticism. The riven of the religious culture of the population has significantly decreased; national ideology occupied the space of religion.

The importance of the value of the idea over the value of human life, the slenderness to asceticism was characteristic of the pre-revolutionary mentality. Radyansk propaganda transformed this idea, removing the Christian subtext from it. Sacrificing oneself has become righteous not for the sake of God, but for the sake of the triumph of the ideology of communism, for the sake of future generations. Tsya setting has been lost from the mentality of a large number of formations of Radian people. The introduction of religious recession changed the order to morality, morality, brought the legal culture to the fall. For a radian people, it has become natural to exercise one's own mind, not rowing by any means.

The cultural potential of pre-revolutionary Russia was wasted not only through the persecution of the clergy and the planned destruction of the “reactionary” survivals of Christianity in the mentality of the people. The worldly culture of the Russian society was also instilled: the color of scientific and creative intellectuals, the traditions of merchants, entrepreneurship, rural government (a tragic legacy of collective “exploration of the kulaks”), jurisprudence, state administration. The formation of a radiant mentality was behind the minds of the cultural crisis, which was cloaked in official ideology. The recession of the generations, the traditions that were given signs of the seven decades of life to socialism and continued to be known in modern, capitalist Russia, were destroyed.

Chapter 2

As has already been said in the previous division of the Radyansk mentality, I want to have a lot of foreign Russian rice, prote, even as a matter of fact in the spirit of the pre-revolutionary. The period of socialism called for the formation of a super-smart mentality of the “radian people”. We have to tell about її characteristic of rice that formed the fate of the Radian regime in our country.

2.1 Feel like a giant overpowering

After an ear of cold winter light became bipolar. The main resistance of the world was the opposition of two systems - socialism and capitalism, two world powers - the formation of the SRSR. The new role of the country in the world of light was given signs and on the information of people.

The main setting of the Radyansk propaganda was to talk about the fall of capitalism, the “decay” of the zahіdny sospіlstvo and about the advanced camp of the Radyansk Union. It was valued as politics, economics, craftsmanship, inflow from the world, the development of new territories and space, as well as moral values, artistic culture, sports achievements. The roots of anti-American attitudes, which have become wider in the Russian society, lead the very beginning of the “cold war”.

Having resisted the "capitalist" light Sunset, the SRSR leaned against cultural isolation. Some super smart processes that have been tried in Western culture(zastrennya political struggle, youth revolutions, growing protest moods), did not take enough credit from the culture of our country. Interest in foreign culture, literature, distant principles socialist realism, philosophy is not Marxist-Leninist core, western music of the 20th century (“Today we play jazz, and tomorrow we will sell Batkivshchyna; today we will play rock, and tomorrow we will reject the term”) To find in the "brotherly" socialist lands of Northern Europe a similar phenomenon is not a little of such a ubiquitous character, like in the Radyansk Union. Censorship in Ugorshchina, Czechoslovakia, Poland is small, not defensive, but permissive. Synthetic manifestations in culture were found in pidpilli; more than once they talked about riches of them, if they themselves became the bastards of the Radian history.

Officially it was respected that all those processes that are going on in America and Europe (economic crises, unemployment, increasing malice, moral expansion of prosperity), lead to the collapse of the capitalist system of values, but for socialism it’s not possible. In fact, it turned out that similar phenomena in the Radyansk Suspіlstvo simply zamochuvalsya, and before the crisis of socialism in the rocks of Brezhnev's "stagnation", until the recognition of the utopianity of the communist mind, the impossibility of propaganda and the real stand in the country, the people were not ready to sviliya.

An important attitude in the mentality of the radyansk people was to be inspired by tomorrow, by the future, like this, the future generations, and all the lands. Today's adherents of the communist ideology say that the quality, ruined by the modern Russian mentality, is unambiguously positive. At one time, the mere act of pardon caused millions of Radianian hulks to linger on the last ten years of supremacy.

2.2 Constructing the image of the enemy

For the Radyansk mentality, becoming a characteristic unambiguous podіl otochuyuchih on "their" and "strangers". An "outsider" could be someone, someone who did not fit into the imposed "from above", called the system of values. The image of the enemy (the enemy of the country, the suspense, and at the same time the ordinary Radyansky hulk) was constructed by official propaganda.

Through the rocks, the number of "heavens" to the Radyansk Suspіlstvo forces only expanded. At the dawn of the revolution, everyone was the enemy, who, having adopted a new order, a new way of life. With the beginning of the Stalinist rule, with the increased repressions, the fight against power, the inner-party counterfeiting, the representatives of the ruling kil, official ideology, tried to resist the dictatorship. At the hands of Khrushchev’s “leaders”, if the party headed for the cult of Stalin’s individual, the huge thought condemned the old ideological clichés. In Brezhnev’s time, the totalitarian regime became the authoritarian figure, and the “enemies” became those who didn’t give in to authority, didn’t give in to bigness, who spoke out loudly, who expressed sympathy before Sunset, and even before remnants of the pre-revolutionary mentality. We were wary of setting ourselves up to changes in the sciences, science, community thought, to those of other religions, to people who are engaged in artistic creativity(like professionals, and amateurs). Let the methods of fighting against the ignorant minds not lay on the door of the zhorstok, like for Stalin, the share of wealthy people were ill-treated in prisons and psychiatric hospitals.

To inspire among the creative intelligentsia, as they always tried to resist stereotypes, soothsaying images were constructed. Pratsyuvav attacked “ours” and “strangers”, people of “party” and “inhabitants”. Znevaga to the “townspeople”, to the “sovkivs”, as to the antipodes of the representatives of “their own stake”, did not reach the list of values ​​of the radian society, as it was sometimes mentioned at the Sunset; practically intellectually "free-thinking" is not enough, it has a forward, declarative character. The "protest" installations of the radian hour were thoroughly pierced with the spirit of conformism, people's efforts to live in the depths of the system and, on the basis of this, induce the system to power. Those same pragnennya poserіgalosya and in the youthful revolutions of the rest of the rokіv; it will be guarded in our days. Part of that is super friendly, but it’s a perfectly rich counter cultural recession In the 1950s and 1970s, Europe and America had a hard day in the Soviet Socialist Republic, only like the 70s - on the cob of the 80s, and a lot of things began to appear in Russia only in the 90s.

For a short period of time, the influx of socialism in the world has seen the adoption of the communist ideology even more unevenly. Velika Kilkіsti, HTO "SUCHNIVA", CREATING HOSTATING THE INDUSTRY OF THE CRSR, CHURCE, CULTURE, MENTALNION їхна їн ї ї SRSR over fascism. . For all the sums I had to pay with little blood, which explains the dislike for the Russians of the meshkans of the lesser independent powers - the foreign suzids of Russia. Even though the Poles, Ugrian, Czechs, Latvians, Estonians were trying to survive in the socialist past, a new image of the enemy in the special modern Russia, the right to transfer the past to the entire Russian people can also be joyfully experienced.

AT everyday life representatives of any kind of minority could have consumed the image of the “thug” of the Radian people: national (I’ll tell you about “pobutov’s” xenophobia), religious, sexual (more often in Stalin’s fates, criminal re-investigation of homosexuals called out to praise homophobia, but it’s not going away in such a way), that one is simply quiet, who must have been strongly seen from the attack, "the white raven." Almost like a fortune teller splintered from childishness (guessing the film "Scarecrow") - to people who were gifted with this chi іnshim to quietly die, talent, to tih, who grew up, pratsyuvav better than chirche greater, more rich, cheered for the manner of dressing up, trimming, mislity.

"Cold war", anti-American propaganda constructed a fortune-telling image of America. Young people are interested in culture Sunset rose at the hour of Khrushchev's "vіdliga" - just the same, if Europe and the United States were stunned by protest moods. The Radyansk intelligentsia published their own creations of the writers of the "used generation" - Ernest Hemingway, Richard Aldington, Francis Scott Fitzgerald, and novels of those contemporary authors - Jerome David Selinger, John Updike. Prote ce was served under a singing ideological kut; the point of view was imposed on readers, which often had a small anti-American character, which did not match the glimpse of the writers themselves. For example, the 60s and the stretching of the 70s, the interest to Sunset did not fall, but, on the contrary, grew. Image, gleaned from books, from skhidnoevropejska periodicals (censorship in the "lands of socialism, scho win" was not so hard as in the Radyansk Union), from the enmity of the military, sailors, diplomats, who were outside the cordon, they were obviously propagating. The culture of Europe and America bogged down, nasampered, powerful young intellectuals, less wisely adopted ideological attitudes and were critically placed before them. Having explored among the generations of “fathers”, for those who dominated the ideology was not transverse, and for the generations of “children”, who tried not to overthrow the radically accepted ideals, then I would like to critically rethink their creative work. Those among the youth middle class "dudes", "informals", shy to the point of "destructive infusion of Zakhod", knew their opponents among the middle party and Komsomol activists. Similar clichés were not found among the witnesses of people (among those who themselves wear “protest” installations) even at the turn of the thousandth.

Scientific and technical progress, the development of natural sciences, the military-industrial complex were brought up to one more subdivision of suspenst - into "physicists" and "lyrics". Radianskoy svіdomistyu was accepted to establish the priority of technical knowledge over the humanities. Under the image of the "enemy", "foreigner" were consumed by representatives of creative professions and the humanities; before them, the setting was shaped like “ledarіv”, “people without enlightenment”. To learn from the 90s, if with the development of information technologies and connections between the countries of the humanities knowledge were more and more in demand, a lot of professionals did not fool the stereotype that they were out of radian hours.

The spirit of the fortune teller permeated all the radian society. The atmosphere of fear and suspicion lay at the basis of the socialist order; won and caused yoga fall. This relic of the radiant mentality is not safe for the current Russian society, even more rabid, lower radian. Not a safe team, for the image of the enemy - for the color of the shkiri, or for the political perekonanny, for the manner of trimming, for the religious and natural perevag - you can have a drink. The old attitude towards tolerance is far from always turning into tolerance in everyday life, often on the other hand. For podannya vorozhnechi, vorozhny installations svіdomosti need more chimaliy hour.

After the Great Veteran War Radian Union positioning himself as the head of fascism. Zvіdsi - declaring the friendship of peoples, internationalism as opposed to "bourgeois" nationalism, neo-fascism.

The SRSR was a bagatonational power. The majestic territory of the large Russian empire was residually mastered; the people who inhabited її, were known on a different level of development. Starting from the Stalinist hours, the official propaganda told about the advancement of the cultural equality of the peoples in the Krainoi Pivnochi, the Far Skhod, Central Asia, the Caucasus, the development of education, writing, and literature in the union republics. These are few great nasledki, and no less positive. Іsnuyuchi in Tsarist Russia, national and cultural autonomy was underestimated; tsili people were deported from Stalin's rocks (Crimean Tatars, Volga Nimts). The traditional way of life of the peoples in Pivnochi and Sibir bu v vruynovaniya zzovni, which led to the death of a majestic number of people, the growth of drinking, not powerful to the peoples before, spend traditional culture, vіruvan, folklore, crafts. Just as Nazism victorious as one of its foundations of neo-paganism, founded on the old Germanic and Scandinavian religion and magic, so did Stalinism in the Extreme Pivnochi, near Siberia, on the Far Descent richly, in which it established itself for the rahunok of paganism and shamanism.

The violent processes of the Stalinist fates (on the back of the internal party reprisals, and then the bitterness of the “right doctors”), the dissatisfaction of the radyansky kerivnits with the politics of the young state of Israel under the hour of Brezhnev’s rule led to the expansion of anti-Semitism. Regardless of those who among the first revolutionaries, among the members of the Bolshevik party, there were few representatives of the Jewish people (which can be easily explained by Jewish pogroms, growing Black Hundred sentiments at the turn of the 19th-20th centuries), for the “translatable name. Independence to a specific nationality appeared in the mentality with sing-song qualities, rices of character, mostly negative, "prophet" to the radyansky suspіlstvo (sknarіstyu, schilnіstyu to gain, hisism). But despite the fact that the Jewish people themselves have revealed to the Russian and Radianian supremacy a galaxy of children's science and artistic culture. A lot of people were adopted by their travels, changing their nicknames in Russian, locking in their ancestry.

"Pobutova" xenophobia, which was rooted in the radian mentality, pushed and left the Caucasus and Central Asia. It can be boldly said that the growth of similar attitudes in Russia, the post-war conflicts in the foreign territories of the large SRSR are the legacy of remnants of the Radianskaya Svidomo. During the first days of the day, the Daedals often stumbled on the territories with the great importance of the Russian population: some stumbled in the RSFSR after the war and the Stalinist deportations, and others came to study at the university and practice for the rozpodil. Insufficient volodinnya Russian mova, vіdmіnne vіd srednоrosіyskogo stavlennâ to sіm'ї, to zhіnki, to eldest for a century, rallied against the inhabitants of pіvdnya of the native population. Zvіdsi - Numerical anecdotes and jittery "about Georgians", "about Uzbeks", contemptuous names "khachik", "chock", "chuchmek", "black-haired" without parsing nationality.

Under the motto of internationalism, the Radyansk Union, instilling national-vibrant revolutions in the large European volodins in Asia and Africa, the climes of Latin America, establishing diplomatic powers with new powers in 50, 60, 7 years. At one time, the radyansky rank supported dictatorial regimes, which were often restored after the victory of arbitrary disruptions in these powers, which cost the lives of thousands of people.

Travelers from the lands of the "third world" came to study to the Radyansky vishis. In the order of their well-being, they were more aware of the "export of the revolution", imposing on the young national creeds the mentality of radian values, which has not yet developed. "Export of the revolution" becoming the cause (not the only, but important) civilizational conflict at the turn of the XX-XXI century. Setting up foreigners in the middle of the Radyansk Union continued to be wary, even to the point of divination.

The declarations of internationalism, the woeful "friendship of peoples" led, on the one hand, to the establishment of links between the inhabitants of the Ukrainian land, that and the other world, and on the other hand, they lost an unforgettable trace in the mentality, in the culture of the peoples of the SRSR. I tsey slid far from zavzhd ishov at the expense of the cultural equal of the population. People were rooting for their roots, forgetting the traditions of their people - and at one time they were deprived of “foreigners” for the lonely. National defences, like in the post-traditional space, so in the world of ours, have become one of the biggest problems of the new thousand.

2.4 Collectivism

The communist ideology put the interests of the collective higher than the interests of the specific specialty. The status of a Radyansky hromadayan protyazhy life is rich in what lies in his belonging to the singing groups, social education - or zagalnoobov'yazkovoї (zhovtnyata, pioneers), or bazhanoї (Komsomol, party, trade unions).

Radyansk schoolchildren - young people, pioneers, Komsomol members - were instilled, that in the middle of the team they are blamed more for their relatives and friends, that a comrade can be disliked because of the special quality, but you can’t help yourself to help. With the help of an installation, a person went to an older life. Here, the decay of the traditional communal order for Russia, the Christian mentality (“love your neighbor”), the truth, the relief of religious warehouses, are remembered.

Irrespective of those that the team is right, having a little comradely viability, but allowing the special ability to develop within the individual framework. Membership in the communist party, community work in the Komsomol, trade-union organizations, service in the armed forces wanted both morally and financially, promoted the social status of the radyansk hulk. Well, if a person was confided in a group, or she quarreled with their interests - she would inevitably become an outcast. Individualism, exaltation to a special thoroughness, primordial pretrial acceptance of schemes, escapism, its centrism were condemned by the suspense. The team did not accept quietly, who commemorately looked up in the bigness - on the image of a thought, for an intellectual equal, a stake of interest that intercourse. Yaskravі osoblinostі іnоdі could not be realіzuvatsya povnіstyu, rozkritisі in nadra іnshoy іnshоgo sredіdku suspіlstva.

If, with the collapse of the Radyansk Union, the lamatis and zvichnі social schemes began, people did not have the strength or the chance to attach themselves to new minds for an hour. The development of the Russian market, and at the same time - the market system of values, superchilled in the wake of many generations of perekonan, which led to a financial crisis in Russia.

2.5 Anti-intellectualism

Znevaga to the intellect always played an important role in the radian mentality. The word "intelligent" was a figurative protagonist of Stalin's old rule. The Radyansk leaders had the right to impose their thoughts on scientists, artists, writers under the fear of reprisals. For the fates of the radiant ruler, the representatives of the intellectual prosharka had a chance to emigrate; a lot of those who are quiet, who have left the Soviet Socialist Republic, became victims of the totalitarian regime, or "internal emigrants." Dosi key positions in Russian science and science are occupied by those who have made their careers through political means.

Anti-intellectualism has become a legacy of official ideology in the mentality of people. At the subject of the Radyansky inhabitant, a person was intellectually blamed for being “ideologically undesirable”. The Radyansky “intellect” is heavy on values ​​that are alien to the supremacy, which were super-calculated against the blatantly accepted manifestations, critically posed to the appearances that were seen in the country and the world, not shying before the representatives of the government, chirping with the culture of the capitalist Sunset, but not without fear, albeit.

Vіdsutnіst in kraїnі povnoї freedom of speech, censorship zasobіv masovoї Informácie prizveli before scho spadschina dorevolyutsіynoї rosіyskoї culture, culture Srіbnogo vіku that Perche rokіv radyanskoї Vladi, tvorchіst stalіnіzmu victims and takozh velichezny layer zahіdnogo Mistetstvo, fіlosofії (navіt marksistskogo shtibu) viyavivsya nevіdomim Radyans'ka . reading, hearing, looking. They talked about a lot of manifestations in the rocks of peresbudov, but a significant part of it went through an unmarked cult of vіtchiznyanu culture.

The heroism of criminality, immorality, the protection of drinking, hooliganism, physical strength, which thoughtlessly zastosovuetsya, do not reach the special reach of people and was not officially declared, but became homemade rice radian mentality. Navit for the artistic intelligentsia has become a powerful force both over the sovereign's valuable priorities, and over the "upholstering" stereotypes, which often went beyond the innocent heat. Being sensible, illumined for your sharpness became shameful. Stretching to "thieves" romance, "pobutovy" alcoholism, unfamiliar to morality, and to the rule of law has become a sign of the whole society, independent of the cultural and illuminating level. The fall of the cultural level of the people of Radyansk, which had been lingering for a decade, was given signs at the turn of the 80-90s, if everything was talked about openly.

2.6 Transfer the right to power for a share

The totalitarian regime, which was formed in the Radyansk Union, reached its apogee in the 30s-50s, taking on the back of authoritarian rice. The political struggle in the middle of the one-party system was weakened, and the masses created the illusion of “stability”, the innocence of power.

The low level of political culture, ignorance of the mechanism of democratic elections have led to the fact that a normal person, an individual, could rarely make important political decisions. Just as for the autocracy among the people she based her hopes on the “good tsar”, so also for the radian hours people succumbed to us in front of the government, and not on themselves. The main thing is that in pre-revolutionary Russia, the tradition of tsarist, then imperial power was founded; the radian regime did not virobib similar traditions.

The radiant mentality has the ability to compete with the authorities, to rebel. In the 1980s, it brought about the fact that all reforms, like in the 19th-20th centuries, were called out to the beast. The country appeared not ready either for the mechanism of free democratic elections, or for market changes in the economy. People's masses were easily led to the extinction of populist politicians, as they announced the virishity of all their problems, vikonat all their spodіvannya. If obіtsyanki not vykonuvalis in practice, new demagogues came with new programs, yakі most unaware of the real situation in the country.

The axis is a short resemblance of the mentality that the Radian period has become a rebuff on the inconsequential path from socialism to capitalism, from dictatorship to democracy. the swindler of the 90s brought to visible stability on the cob of the new century. The authority of a “solid” sovereign power, a clearly defined ideology, was recognized anew, a new turn was born to authoritarianism, and perhaps a new totalitarian regime. In order to get away with it, it is important to understand, as if the present day Russian mentality can be accepted, and if it can be persecuted by the process.

Chapter 3

3.1 At the turn of the century: from the Radiant mentality to the Russian one

With a head pardon, I was trying to mechanically attach the elements of the fertile culture to the Russian soil. The older generation of the radyansky hromadas has spent an infatuation (don’t let it be often ilusory) tomorrow, like a system of “accused socialism”, the younger generation has thoughtlessly taken over new values, wildly, forward, respect for their outside, outside, outside sides. For example, for example, the past century has suggested a transition from the Radiant mentality to the modern Russian one.

The life of the people of post-communist Russia is individualized and less regulated “burn”, lower earlier (before the beginning of reforms and market reforms). The freedom of choice is transferred, henceforth, and the risk, and the choice. The right of a skin person to live their own life independently is not only a right, but rather rich in what they wear. Without an informed choice of today, further success is impossible (which is fundamentally the same as the Radiant illusion “believing in the light of the future”).

From similar installations, it is clear that modern Russians are formed in the face of the radyansky setting up to pennies and wealth. Pratsyuvati that zaroblyati became not disgusting, but, navpaki, prestigious. Material values ​​have become accepted as a sign of strength (both physical and intellectual), success, luck. When discussing income, salaries often become filthy in tone like in America and Europe.

There is a great influx of zahodnoi, rationalistic mentality, and in the pre-revolutionary culture of Russia one can know the forerunner of this phenomenon. I was a Russian peasant, and a Russian merchant were, nasampered, hairdressers, kotri material wealth, meaning glory, power and upliftment (guess, it’s painful, at the cost of great human sacrifices, there was a collectivization and “rozkulachuvannya” at Stalin’s rock).

We would pardon unequivocally, which is the only sign of a change in the post-traditional mentality, a rethinking of putting life on the material side of spirituality. With a change in the setting to the income, the setting is changed to the light. Without special knowledge, that mind becomes more and more accessible to the reach of financial well-being, and Russian citizens of various times and social beliefs are more and more drawn to new knowledge. Graduates of the current and middle special primaries of the Radyansk hours are re-acquiring enlightenment like in Russia, and there, investigating professions, demanding for the minds of the market economy.

Pobutov at the sight of the rich people of our country the thought about the “lack of spirituality” of young people is far from being able to imagine. Stereotypes, which are imposed on the basis of mass information, less often reflect the processes that are experienced in real life. Among the young Russians, there are more rich people who are thoughtful, and it is accepted to be happy. For the people of the 70-80s and the beginning of the 90s, it is characteristic of the people that no ideology has become obsessive for them. Thousands of young Russians in our time are going through political, religious, ethical and aesthetic jokes. І perevagi odnіtkіv, representatives of one and the same generation and navіt one tієї social stratum often differ to the extent. Alone at the jokes moral orientation go back to the Radianian past, feeling unrooted in Suspіlstva, others - to the turn of Russian pre-revolutionary culture, to Orthodoxy, deyakі - to Russian nationalism and monarchism, third - to the values ​​of Zakhod, a fourth - to the religion of the descendant of philosophy. Freedom of choice is the freedom and religion, political likeness, and everyday values ​​of people and prosperity.

There is another important change in the mentality of the Russians, which touched us in front of young people (the lesser - the older generation) - in relation to the intimate sphere, nudity, discussion of details, po'yazanih іz sexuality. Tse vіdpovidaє to the current Western European standard of decency.

From one side, sexually blue at the sight of the Russians, they took away the right to strike a pose with family and pose as spiritual sensibilities. From the last - the middle of the illuminated part of the population, the setting and to the center of the sphere of life has become rational.

E. Bashkirova in the article "Transformation of the values ​​of a democratic state" is trying to reveal the structure and dynamics of the valuable advantages of the society, relying on the data of empirical results (the data of two sociological experiments presented - 1995 and 1999). An analysis of the views of Russians on food driven by traditional, primal human values ​​allows us to reveal an advancing hierarchy of priorities (there is a decrease in their significance in the world):

sіm'ya - 97% and 95% of succesfull lives in 1995 and 1999 were good;

work - 84% (1995) and 83% (1999);

friends, know - 79% (1995) and 81% (1999);

free time - 71% (1995) and 68% (1999);

religion - 41% (1995) and 43% (1999);

politics - 28% (1995) and 38% (1999).

Once upon a time, the populace falls into the vіchі vіddanіst of the traditional, whether or not the support of values ​​(motherland, interbreeding), the setting of which is even insignificantly changed by the prolongation of the fates. The priority of work as a source of income in the minds of an unstable, stubborn to partial crisis of the market economy can be easily explained. At that very hour of the robot, it is the best way to realize the intellectual and creative potential of a person.

Religion and politics are not being promoted in the hierarchy of values: atheism and "political literacy" were actively cultivated even before the hour of the country's history. The Constitution of the Russian Federation guaranteed the freedom of the skin hulk to follow, whether it be independent, or independently, with others. Liberalization of legislation in the country led to the fact that, for example, in the 80s - on the cob of the 90s, the number of religious communities in the country grew a lot.

Oskіlki protyago bagatioh stolіt the share of the Russian people was tied to the Orthodox, other religions (navіt іnshі models of Christianity) take root among the suspіlstvі not easy. There are a few people who honor the Orthodox Church as the sole custodian of the national spiritual treasures.

The ROC plays an important role in the life of the country (to complete the project, which is widely discussed, with attempts to introduce lessons in Orthodox culture in schools), which is sometimes negatively signified on the exchanges of representatives of different confessions. The lower camp of the church predicts the situation of the beginning of the twentieth century: on the one hand - social self-isolation, on the other - a tight dotik and state apparatus.

Significant world process of religious identification, religious enlightenment of ordinary Russians of the expansion of pseudo-mystical religions and cults. Newly, for an hour, the door is totalitarian for the purpose of correcting and directing the doctrine, and at the same time, no less, they take away their social commitment.

The Orthodox clergy call out the nalashtovu parafyan against the various "heretics-sectarians" and there are few non-followers of Russian traditions, to which they unfairly squander Muslims, Buddhists, Jews, and Christians of other ages.

On the other hand, religious minorities are trying to save their faith. The 90s - the hour of resurrection, not only closed down the Orthodox churches, but also churches, mosques, synagogues, which were destroyed by Stalin's fate. Religious communities are being created, religious schools are being built and all the foundations are being laid.

One more thing that appeared in the 70-80s and three dos - growing interest in religion and philosophy right off the bat. Do not start this interest, looking like a cheap hoarding of mysticism. Є y tі, who, being a child of waving in the Christian tradition and the soul of the atheism of the Radianian spirit, svіdomo accepts Buddhism and Hinduism, Judaism and Islam. Tse manifestation did not become massive; more importantly, it is wider among young intellectuals. Proteo rise of tolerance to adherents of non-dominant denominations, a tendency to an independent choice of religious affiliation - no doubt, progressive destruction of the development of mentality.

It is not safe to promote respect for religion for those who can play those other political forces (with enough: the so-called “Islamic extremism”; “Orthodox nationalism”; neo-paganism and occultism as a propaganda of right-wing radicals). Religious associations are guilty not in words, but in fact, be equal before the law and minimally trained to fight the parties and the revolution.

The role of politics in the life of the inhabitants of our country is steadily growing. With the collapse of the Soviet Socialist Republic, an indistinguishable number of parties and revolutions entered the political arena, only a small part of them were small under themselves, the program of which was entrusted with a sufficient support from the society. With their fates, the kіlkіst began to shorten; Naivagomish forces shaped the system of structures of state power, most of the non-numerical parties and the ruhi either united, or remained on the periphery of the political struggle.

Let the political system in Russia become, for the time being, a kind of democratic szrazkіv, the rіven politіcії svіdomosti hulks all the same deschivschivsya zv'yazku with the right to rob and buti denounce. The rest of the fates appeared to inspire a “fashion” for politics, especially for youth (injecting “orange” revolutions in the allied republics, dissatisfaction with the political course of the representatives of the different, the hour of the opposite, perekonan). The ratings of young politicians are getting more and more frequent in the field of mass information - from 18 to 30 years old. Possibly, the very same forces could throw into the political development of Russia in the 21st century.

However, as we see the results of the experiment, special interests still prevail over the susceptibilities. In the obviousness of the legacy of the synthesis of the zahodnoi, calmly Russian and Radianian system of values, which nevertheless led to the deako democratization of the Russian mentality. Unfortunately, it's not ubiquitous. In the coming division, I want to talk about the remnants of the radiant mentality among the self-confidence of the citizens of our country.

3.2 Remnants of the Radiant mentality in post-communist Russia

In the XX century, the western world is far ahead of its development. Modern Russia has to conquer a foreign culture, foreign values, sometimes not zvajayuschie on centuries-old traditions. The weakness of Russian liberalism is the perversion of universality, absoluteness, objectivity of laws and the development of prosperity. In fact, this installation is a Marxist position. Social laws are not absolute, but fallow on the type of people, their national character, traditions, culture.

Irrespective of those who are more important than the bulk of the bulk of the population, they changed their behavior, they could not easily stand with the values ​​themselves. Values ​​in Russia often supersede one to one. In connection with the current literature, one often talks about the current crisis in the Russian industry. The wind of the pre-revolutionary Russian intelligentsia, which became the original in the established mentality of the Russian people at the turn of the XIX-XX century, or emigrated to Zakhid, or was impoverished by the Stalinist system. The freedom of creative realization after 50 years has been hindered by the valuable disorientation of the soul. The ideals that are propagated often either did not cry out for confidence, or were given out of reach.

For the rest of the 20 years, the Russians have gained more freedom of choice, and less for this ten years of socialism. It is a pity that the recognition of this fact is often brought to the point of being recounted by the entire previous generation. The image of the “peresichny Radyansky hulk” at the rocky perebudova transformed into one of the options for the image of the enemy. Especially blatantly it was expressed in the other half of the 80s. From one side, during the same period, people started talking widely about the wealthy recession of the country, and that part of history was wrapped up by the protract of the century. On the other hand, the manifestations of the Radian culture often began to thoughtlessly “throw off the ship of history”, instead of being rethought and constructive criticism. It was caused by the split between generations. The youth in the Radian and post-tradian expanses were not splintered in the way of the people, they were placed up to this, to the elders. In the wake of the change in the values ​​of older generations, in the eyes of the young, the youth began to look like the noses of the old, "soviet", non-current glances.

A self-critical, sometimes self-deprecating tone, they spoke about the radian and Russian mentality, saved and in Yeltsin's Russia. The first Chechen campaign called out to the wind of anti-patriotism and shock.

Changes at the turn of the 80s - 90s did not cause revolutionary changes in the mentality of the majority of Russians. The very sign of the Radiant mentality of the Russian people was one of the greatest after the adoption of Christianity in Russia. Rocky perebudov and shvidshe can be taken like a chergovy period of "in the league" at the sight of the people. Pragnennya will renew the freedom of private life in the face of uninvited invasions, the power of the state, continue to rise to authoritarianism, which is characteristic of the Russian mentality.

Mosaic appearance, their fragmentation is clearly manifested in the political sphere. The global trend in all the lands of the SND is to strengthen the influx of vikonavchos. Here such a rice of the Ryan mentality appeared, like a pragnennya to shift the power to power for their share. The citizens of Russia at the referendum of spring 1993, not zumіvshi zrobiti vibіr mіzh strong presidential and legislator power, on the one hand, sanctioned the spіvіsnuvannya of the leader of that independent parliament as elements of different cultures, the choice of the electorate - showed the characteristic of the people of radyansk. In nayavnosti synthesis zahіdnoї and radianskoy cultures. The second butt, which illustrates, is the results of sociological testing conducted in Crimea. It turned out that different groups of the population, supporting democratic values ​​(freedom of speech, friend, equality of forms of power), immediately vowed that a leader of the type Lenin, Stalin, Andropov was needed for the exit of the country from crisis strong hand". The current cultural situation is composed of different elements: the radian culture, as a system of manifestations, has collapsed, but continues to exist like a dozen fragments; actively poshiryuyutsya vyavlennya, pritamannі modern zahіdnoї culture; the inflow of the Russian-Orthodox chi of the other national-religious mentality.

From the mid 90s. the terms "radian mentality" and "Russian mentality" have become increasingly familiar. Although the stench was more negatively charged, all the same, in the contexts in which the stench was accustomed, one could see the exercise, from one side, to build bridges between Russia until 1917. that Russia after 1993, and later - to rehabilitate “a simple radian people”. The search for cultural identity, which was taken in such a vein, in a more important assessment of the radyansky period of the marriage history. More and more often, lunatic voices began, as if they were asserting that "not everything is bad" in us. In tsomu, insanely, it has its own hard grain. However, faith in authority (as it has spent its cob, religious connotation for the Radyansk hours), like before, it will go with distrust to liberal values, which brought a little bit of zzovn, to democratic institutions.

In the light of riches, nostalgia for the “superpower” coexists with the “image of the enemy”, which has been lost from the radian hours. The collapse of the Radian Empire, a series of sharpened interethnic conflicts, called for an increase in nationalistic moods in the Suspіlstva - in the form of pacification to the point of fascist. Unfortunately, at stay rocky tse vіdbuvaєtsya strіmko і vіdchuvaєtsya espe- cially warmly - they change less than objects of hatred. The anti-Semitism of the era of stagnation changed to anti-Islamic attitudes of the hours of “wild capitalism”. The majestic generation of people saved the negative attitude to the United States that Americans, who stood at the fate of the cold war. The image of the enemy, promoted by the Radyansk propaganda, became only more pronounced in the 90s: there are representatives of other nationalities (Azerbaijanis, Chechens, Jews), and homosexuality, and power, and the church. A number can be continued indefinitely.

For the appearance of ideological pluralism for 20 years, the state did not develop a political scale. The riven of political and legal culture, which is left behind by the low of the radian hours, is compensated by confidence in the government, which is rooted in strength. For the time being, there was a force that was ready to resist extremism - especially the extremism of the right-wing radical shtibu. Xenophobia, homophobia, religious fanaticism under the guise of "spiritual rebirth" is recognized by the post-traditional community. “Anti-fascist”, law enforcement movements are not uniform for their social, ideological warehouse; їхні extinguished often declarative character (a relic of the radyansk mentality), and the methods of struggle, unfortunately, are often little challenged by their opponents.

A negative consequence of Gorbachev's reforms, if everything that was economically efficient was considered moral, was the criminalization of our supremacy by that state. Calling to freedom and private initiatives are accompanied by the unfortunate brothers of guilt for the consequences of their decisions.

A. Ovsyannikov at the article “Sociology of catastrophe: like Russia we carry in our lives” to induce data on the criminalization of witness and behavior of people (in % of types of patients).

At once, on the cob of a new thousand, disregarding the law, which has been lost from the radian hours, to bring to a high level of wickedness and invariably the bulk of the people to exercise their rights. This is because of the lack of knowledge of official legislation, the legal framework, and because of the inconsistency of moral norms in the mentality of Russians.

Perebudova and the fates of "wild" capitalism that followed her, exposed all those problems, which were born in the Radian period, and about which it was accepted movcha. Mental, valuable insight between different formations, between different social strata calling for a cultural crisis in the country. The intelligentsia re-introduced its own pre-revolutionary and early Radian, pre-Stalin cultural landscape of Russia, the culture of the Russian abroad; in the hands of mass information, they started talking about the neo-official culture of the SRSR, about the Radian "underground". The creators of the classics of zahidnoy literature like the past centuries, and the XX century, were again friends. For some reason, that part of the light literature that was seen in the books of those periodicals in the SRSR (the literature of the socialist lands, the lands of the "third world", many of the allied republics) often ceased to be seen and forgotten.

The skepticism of censorship has led to the fact that practically everything can be seen in ZMI, and far from always, "everything" was shown to be of high quality. Falling equal to the literacy of journalists, oglyadachiv, vidavtsiv, blindly copying the radiant mass culture (and without that it is often miserable) American zrazkіv (not talking about American pop culture in general, but on the most "commercial", non-fictional sides), the growing popularity of "tabloid" reports - all this was said to the Russians in the rest of the decade.

It’s only a better translation of quiet real protirich, as it allows you to unambiguously evaluate the place of Russia in the world. For podalannya all sukupnnosti problems, pov'yazanih іz culture, z mentalіstyu need chimalo hour that forces. However, today's Russian culture has not spent all its strength, which will help the formation of a new mentality, which does not supersede either calmly Russian, or Radian, but all the same, they are distinguished by them.

3.3 Podolannya radyanskogo mentality as an individual and suspіlne task

For the formation of some new values, it is necessary to rethink the rich cultural heritage of Russia. Rozuminnya of the values ​​of one's own country - cherozuminnya not only today, but also the past. For the advancement of the cultural level of the Russians, an important interest in the history of their country and their people.

The study of history can be as free as possible in the light of any ideology. Such a historical podia, such an epoch is not guilty to be assessed unambiguously; skrіz treba shukati as positive, and negative side. Be it a thought, it can be supported by historical facts, thoughts of fahivtsiv. Without which it is impossible to objectively evaluate historical data.

An important, key period in the history of the country, becoming the period between two revolutions (1905-1917). With the substitutions and the fall of the absolute monarchy in the country, the appearance of political pluralism has been established. The parties of the Socialist-Revolutionaries, the Cadets, the Octobrists, the faction of the Menshoviks for a long time were real political forces, standing up against the rulers, the Black Hundreds, and the Bolsheviks. The beginning of the 20th century was not only the rise of a supple thought of that artistic culture, but the rise of a legal culture, a development of jurisprudence, which is not seen today Russian society.

For the rehabilitation of the recession in the culture, mentality of the Russians, it is important to renew the interest in the culture of the Russian abroad. Irrespective of those who vagoma part of the hromada dyachіv nebіlshovitskoї orientatsii emіgruvala, not bazhayuchi spіvpratsyuvat z new regime, most supported the Radyansk Union and the anti-Hitler coalition at the rock of the other world. Rehabilitation of pre-revolutionary values, which began in the fates of perebudov, is not guilty of interruptions, but it is not guilty of being unequivocally anti-radiant in nature. To be sued for guilt against evil deeds, regardless of what, under some kind of religious and ideological ensign, the stench was raised. Sustaining the system with a zagalom (i, tim more, “struggle” from it) seems to be unreasonable, but stupidly.

The cordonness of the geopolitical camp irritates Russia on the values ​​of the Sunset, the Skhod. Necessary as the establishment of diplomatic vodnosin from the nearest countries, and the development of the culture of small peoples in the country. The Russian is not guilty of his own nationality and religion. The importance of the middle believers in the singing religion (Orthodoxy), the rich priority of Christian values ​​in the Russian mentality is not guilty of transforming religion into an official, sovereign one. The middle class of enlightenment, legislation, business can be based on the fundamental human values ​​and cannot be unambiguously identified with the native religion. Unacceptable and religious extremism - irrespective of whoever, with any denomination, you ottozhnyu.

You can’t help but call on foreign values, having poured them into the Russian mentality, becoming more famous for the rest of the 20 years. It is also necessary to speak about a foreign culture, and supernatural phenomena can be seen objectively. About an individual varto judge like a representative of his hour and his own culture; unambiguously unacceptable, let's say, the American, Jewish and Islamic system of values ​​- wickedness. Thanks to mass communication, they ensured the possibility of dialogue with the inhabitants of various points of the world, and if possible, this dialogue can be conducted peacefully, which is especially listuvannya, business-like speech and diplomatic negotiations.

As it is unacceptable to bring the Russian national idea over the reshta, so the very varto unikati and the door of Russophobic attitudes. It is important to wiggle as if not kohannya, then, prinaymni, povaga to the quiet chi and other representatives in their own land, their own culture - co-participants of chi memorable features of the past.

It's a pity, with the rest of the fates, the tendency to stifle ideological pluralism will be renewed. The current regime in Russia, voting by democratic votes up to the Constitution, actually has an authoritarian character. There are fewer real political forces ready to take their part in the struggle for power. Under the brand name of struggle against extremism, the Daedalians often disregard the political opposition, even though the evil spirits of the extremists are filled with the uncaring ones. Tse mozhe viklikati either the establishment of a new dictatorship, or another sharp change in the political course. About tse varto remember everyone who is so chi іnakshe po'yazany іz politikoy. Stop worrying about what to replace the lower representatives of the government, the politicians of the “radianian” garrison, come those for whom you will not win the pardon of the pardon goiters, but the full-fledged profession.

However, the spiritual factors that lie at the basis of the synthetic Russian mentality are more guilty than political and economic ones. The introduction of elements of a zahodny svetoglyad, which seems to be life-giving for the minds of democracy and the market economy, is inevitable. Russia is tied from Sunset through the system of Christian values. The root of the Russian mentality is in the Orthodox Byzantine spirit, and the root of the Protestant ethic. The formation of two systems of values ​​occurred in parallel; The Radyansky period prizupiniv tsey process. Now, if the "spring of the curtain" has fallen, Russia will need a harmonious interplay of the calm foundations of the moisture culture and the progressive development of other lands.

Visnovok

At the borders of the capital, Russia is changing again on a journey, trying to separate itself from the lands of Europe and the USA, whose dosvid happened to be taken over, starting from the mid-80s. Regardless of the super-clear evidence of such a position, it’s not varto to unequivocally override this evidence; shvidshe, radically rethink all the gains that spend.

In the Marxist system of values, the culture was no more supernatural; The basis of whether suspіlno-economical formation vvazhavsya type gospodaryuvannya. Tragic under the stretch of the twentieth century - wars, revolutions, the death of a great number of people - brought the country's activity to the people as cultural features.

Cultivation of cultures, synthesis of cultures, try to understand someone else's system of values ​​- the axis of change to the rich polar world, in which you can and can take your place. The advancement of the cultural balance of society is impossible without the advancement of the cultural balance of other individuals. Values, orientations of special development, may become dominant in society. Any idea is not guilty of costing more dearly for human life; tsomu podlannya one of the negative, most ruinous sides of the radian mentality.

I would like to understand that the development of Russia in the new capital is still on the path of democracy. The “firm hand” of the sovereign power, without question, plays its role. It is important that there is a competent politician standing at the head of the state, and there are those sharpened, who could immediately offend one’s thought, propagate their own alternatives to the political, economic, cultural development of the country. It is important that the representatives of the government could support the population through the mechanism of free elections. But for the establishment of a new order, you still need a chimal term, for which Russia can try to learn its place from the past, the present and the nearest future.

List of references

1. Bashkirova E. Transformation of the values ​​of a democratic state / Є. Bashkirova// World of Russia. - 1999. - No. 4

2. Berdyaev N.A. Russian Idea/N. Berdyaev. - M.: Midgard, 2005. - 834 p.

3. Boronoev A.O. Russia and Russians. The character of the people of that part of the country / A. O. Boronoev, P.I. Smirnov. - St. Petersburg, 2001. - 252 p.

4. Dyakonov B.P. Like a healthy mind to fight with the Radiant mentality / B.P. Dyakonov// Dilovy quarter. - 2003 - No. 35

5. Zinkivsky V.V. Russian thinkers and Europe// In search of their own way: Russia between Europe and Asia. - M., 1997

6. Ilyin I. A. About Russian nationalism / I. A. Ilyin. - M.: Russian Fund of Culture, 2002. - 152 p.

7. Karsavin L.P. The foundations of the middle-class religion in the XII-XIII centuries. / L.P. Karsavin - St. Petersburg, 1997. - 341 p.

8. Ovsyannikov A.A. Sociology of catastrophe: like Russia we carry with us / A.A. Ovsyannikov // Holy Russia. - 2000. - No. 1.

9. Philosophical ambush of wholesome knowledge// Solovyov B . C. Op. at 2 vols. - T. 2, M., 1988

10. Fedotov G.P. The share of the sins of Russia. Selected articles from the philosophy of Russian history and culture. - In 2 vols. - St. Petersburg, 1991

11. Shchuchenko V.A. Spirituality of Russia: I.A. Ilyin in the context of modernity// Spirituality of Russia: traditions and modern life

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