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Uniforms of the First Light War. Russian military form of the first light war

It’s not better to overcome the head of the commander’s head, but save your soldiers.
For whom the lords foresaw the defense of the cult of the Ulamkiv.
Quite often the soldiers themselves had to work for the protection of manual labor. Simply, hello.
French okopnі obladunka against the cult of Ulamkiv. 1915

Sappenpanzer appeared on the Western Front in 1916. At the black hour of 1917, having hoarded a piece of German bulletproof vests, the allies carried out a follow-up. According to these documents, the German bulletproof vest can be equipped with a sling of twine at a distance of 500 meters, and even a smut is recognized against shrapnel and ulamkiv. The vest can be worn both on the back and on the chest. The first stars of the selection were less important, the lower ones were 2.3 mm. Material - steel alloy with silicon and nickel.

Such a mask was worn by the commander of the British Mark I for protection against the Ulamkiv.

Barricade.

Mobile shield of the infantry (France).

Experimental sholomi machine gunners. USA, 1918 rec.

USA. Zakhist for pilots of bombers. Armored pants.

Different options for armored shields for police officers from Detroit.

Austrian shield, which is worn for a moment like a breastplate.

Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles from Japan.

Armored shield for sanitary workers.

An individual armored soldier with a simple name "Turtle". I didn’t know how to understand the “sub-logies” of this thing, and I fought myself ruhav її.

MacAdam's shovel-shield, Canada, 1916. The underbelly was transferred: like a scapula, so an archer's shield. Bulo zamovleno Canadian order a series of 22,000 pieces. As a result, the sticking was clumsy like a shovel, clumsily through a too low flare, like an arrow shield, and it was pierced through with guillotine sacks. After the war, melted down like a metal brook

Not a moment to pass such a miraculous carriage (albeit already a war one). UK, 1938

Well, come on, "the cabin of the public toilet is armored - pepelats." Blіndovaniy observable point. Great Britain.

It is not enough to sit behind a shield. The enemy is "wikinu" through the shield? And here “need (soldiers) for tricks are cunning ... At the head they sent zovsimi exotic cats.

French bomber machine. Middle technologies are needed again.

Well, let's see ... a slingshot!

Ale їх treba Bulo peresuvati. The axis here is a new beginning of the practice of engineering and technical genius and labor pains.

Terminov and dosit stupidity, the reworking of some kind of self-destructive mechanism gave rise to an hour of marvelous creation.

On April 24, 1916, in Dublin, an anti-Urjad rebellion (Great Rebellion - Easter Rising) broke out and for the transfer of troops along the shelling streets, the British needed armored vehicles.

On April 26, for a total of 10 years, the officers of the 3rd reserve cavalry regiment, vicorist master of the Pivdennaya zalіznitsa in Inchikori, could pick up an armored car from the splendid commercial 3-ton vantagny chassis "Daimler" and a steam boiler. First step, and the boiler was delivered from the brewery "Guinness"

About armored railcars, I can write about the article, I’ll just use one photo for a wild manifestation.

And the butt of the banal hanging of steel shields on the sides of the vantage for military purposes.

Danish "armored car", made on the basis of Gideon 2 T 1917 with armor and plywood (!).

Another French version (who has a taste for the service of Belgium) is the Peugeot armored car. I know without zahistu water, dviguna and navit reshti the crew in front.

And how do you like such an “aerotachanka” like 1915 rock?

Abo so...

1915 Sizaire-Berwick "Wind Wagon". The death of a vorogov (in the form of diarrhoea), the flu is blowing.

Nadali, even after 1Mv the idea of ​​an aero-visa did not subside, but was called out and demanded (especially on the snowy slopes of the SRSR).

Aerosani mali made from wood, frameless, closed-type hull, the front part of such a boulder is protected by a sheet of anti-bullet armor. At the front part of the hull there was a separate control, in which the mechanic-water was roztashovuva. For guarding behind the road on the front panel, there was a bula looking at the gap with a sloping block in front of the BA-20 armored car. For the control of the administration there was a combat division, in which a 7.62-mm DP tank machine gun was installed on the turret, with a light shield shield. Fire from the machine gun vіv commander of aerosanіv. The horizontal cut of the shelling became 300 °, vertical - from -14 to 40 °. The ammunition load of the machine gun was folded out of 1000 rounds.

Until the end of 1915, two officers of the Austro-Ugorian army - Hauptmann engineer Romanik and Ober-Lieutenant Fellner at Budapest constructed such a glamorous armored car axle, ymovirno, on the basis of a Mercedes car with a 95 horsepower engine. The names of letters after the first letters of the names of the authors Romfell. Armor 6 mm. Explosion with one machine gun Schwarzlose M07 / 12 8 mm (3000 rounds of ammunition) at the basht, which is a moment for the principle of victoriousness and for repeated purposes. The car was equipped with a Morse code telegraph, manufactured by Siemens & Halske. The speed of the device is up to 26 km/year. Carriage 3 tons, length 5.67 m, width 1.8 m, height 2.48 m. Crew 2 people.

And it was so miraculously so worthy of Mironov that I didn’t encourage myself to show it again in satisfaction. At the red 1915 The production of the Marienwagen tractor began at the Daimler factory near Berlin-Marienfelde. This tractor was launched in a number of modes: nap_vnіstyu caterpillar, although the base was a 4-ton Daimler tractor.

To break through the fields, entangled with a prickly dart, they drove the axis of such a sinowire mower.

30 chervnya 1915 another one of the prototypes of the letters of choice at the yard of the london yard "Wormwood Scrubs" by military servicemen of the 20th squadron of the royal school of aviation of the navy. Bulo was based on the chassis of the American Killen-Straight tractor with wooden tracks in caterpillars.

An armored hull similar to the armored car "Delano-Belleville" was installed in front of the linden on the new one, then a corps similar to the "Austin" and I drove from the "Lanchester".

Tank FROT-TURMEL-LAFFLY, wheeled tank, on the chassis of the road Laffly. Embezzlement of 7-mm armored vehicles, weighing close to 4 tons, firing two 8-mm machine guns and a mitrailleza of an unknown type and caliber. Before the speech, in the photograph the image is richer than the statement - maybe the "dirka for the towel" was cut from the stock.

The exotic shape of the hull is framed by the fact that the idea of ​​​​the designer (of the same m. Frot), the car was assigned to attack the dart fenced, as the car was guilty of bula to drive its hull - even zhahliv dratyanі fence, order with machine guns, there were one of the main problems for pihoti.

The French have a brilliant idea - to win the fences of small-caliber harmatia for the hem of the fortune-telling darts, which they shoot with boarding hooks. In the photo there are such garmats.

Tsya war forever changed the way of waging battle. Previously unpublished photographs from the archives of the English, French and Germans will be exhibited in Milan from 1st birch until April 18, 2014. The main meta of the exhibition is to commend Danina to the anonymous and talented chroniclers of the Viysk podia, as if they changed the world forever.

Technical progress during the first hour The first light has no equal history. The First Holy War became a laboratory for testing new methods of warfare and new weapons. Vaughn, in fact, has become the stagnant war, de old, middle-aged technologies can be used on the battlefields and the stench of anger will be swept away by new developments. Itself there, in the trenches and at the forefront of the First World War, the light of the era of a fast-paced technological breakthrough near the sphere of fire.

Ale, in 1914, there was still no flooring, obviously, and the soldiers in uniform wore like middle-class chain mail, as little as possible to protect their views of the cult and artillery fire. In the first battles, the soldiers took their fate, dressed in the uniforms of the baristas of the middle cavalry of the nineteenth century. For example, the soldiers of the army were equipped with camouflage uniforms and helmets; Archive Mary Evans, author of nevdomiya, 1914-1918

A British pilot manually drops a bomb on the enemy during the mission on the Western Front. The sound of writing commemoration on the bombs of vinyl was saved until the first hour of the First Light War and was saved until the next day. Archive Top Foto, author of nonfiction, 1914-1918

The crew of the German underwater boat U-35 takes a shower on the deck for an hour of summer sintering on the Mediterranean Sea. The singing of the New Year's Eve became one of the most important technological innovations during the First Light War. Archive Scherl / Suddeutsche Zeitung author of nevidomiya, 1917

Fire a salute from the ships of the allied fleet, and give tribute to the Turkish population about friendly namiri at the hour of the passage of the Bosphorus. Archive Mary Evans, author of nevidomiya, 1918

A searchlight, which is victorious for the defense against the attacks of the enemy on the Western Front. Archive Scherl/Süddeutsche Zeitung, author of non-domes, 1914-1918

French soldiers in the trenches at the improvised antigas. The defenses were razrobili, prepared and expanded at the military only once, if it became clear that Nimechchina had a wide variety of brittle gas on the battlefield. Spadshchina archive, author of nevіdomiya, 1915

British and German officers in the "neutral zone" ahead of Christmas 1914 after the armistice. Similar incidents were strangled to the highest command. In 1917, in Furano, there were a number of slaughtered insurgents at the lava of the Entente armies. The French judges found 23,395 soldiers guilty of slaughtering. Chotirist was sentenced to death, 50 of them were shot, the reshta was sent to work in the colonies. Archive Mary Evans, author of nevidomiya, 25 December 1914

British soldiers bathe in Etapli, at the French teel, at the break between battles. After the numerical slaughter of the middle French and English armies, the soldiers were given a better life. Archive Top Foto, author of nevidomiya, France, red 1917

Children watch over the passage of American troops 101 companies, as they carry ammunition through the Soulosse-sous-Saint-Elophe at the French brewery gathering on the Western Front. Archive Mary Evans, author of nevidomiya, April 10, 1918

The Viysk litaky was victorious before the hour of the First Light War. A lot of pilots were aristocrats and did not limit the code of Litsar's honor. On a sign, a German pilot bombarded a French train, bombing with ammunition, under Verdun on the Western Front. Archive Rue Des Archives, author of nevidomii, 1916

A military chaplain walks among the corpses of French soldiers on the Western Front. Archive Rue Des Archives, author of nevidomii, 1914-1918

An American soldier is getting ready to the right with a gas mask. Archive Mary Evans, author of nevidomiya, 1917-1918

The Great War took the fate of rich peoples, zocrema from colonial territories, liberated from the conflict. As you can see, the Senegalese soldiers, who served as infantrymen in the French colonial army, are getting ready to fight. All sides that lured soldiers from the colonies in the conflict. France mobilized 818,000 colonial soldiers, especially from Senegal and Algeria, of which 449,000 fought on French soil. Archive Rue Des Archives, author of nevidomii, 1914-1918

French soldiers storm the fortune-telling trenches near Verdun. The battle for Verdun was one of the worst on the Western Front. Archive Mary Evans, author of nevdomiya, France, 1916

German soldiers carry rations to their comrades in the trenches on the line of the Western Front. Protein poisoning for the soldiers was the cause of frequent dissatisfaction among the military. Archive Top Foto, author of nevidomiya, 1918

Two Russian soldiers laugh at a photographer from a hideout on the Hidden Front. Archive Scherl / Suddeutsche Zeitung, author of non-domes, 1918

Natovp on the streets of Paris, the holy truce on the 11th leaf fall of 1918, which ended the war on the Western Front. Archive Rue Des Archives, author of unknown

The German pilot launches a container with instructions for soldiers on the front line at the hour of the gas attack. Archive Scherl/Süddeutsche Zeitung, author of non-domes, 1914-1918

A German pilot, who was taken from the cockpit, was beaten by the British over the front line of the Albatross aircraft. An anonymous British pilot, who made a photograph, saying that he had gone to take the German pilot at the hour of the fall, from the cockpit of which the pilot’s body was thrown. Archive SSPL, author of nevidomiya, 1914-1918

Algerian rozvіdnik horseback riding on the beaches of the river Isere in Belgium. Archive Rue Des Archives, author of nevidomii, 1914-1918

Artillerymen of the infantry regiment lead a shooter from a machine gun against the positions of the Germans, which have taken root, on the Western Front. Lightroom Archives / Short photographs, author of nevidomy, France, 1918

English tank Britannia on P'yatіy avenue. Technical progress during the first hour The first light has no equal history. In the first battles, the soldiers took their fate, dressed in the uniforms of the baristas of the middle cavalry of the nineteenth century. For example, the soldiers of the army were equipped with camouflage uniforms and helmets; Spadshchina archive, author of nevіdomiya, 1914-1918

Women are small substitutes for workers in factories. In the photo, a British manufacturer at a factory for the manufacture of spare parts for aircraft near the Midlands. Archive Mary Evans, author of nevidomiya, 1914/1918

The attack of the British troops on the western front. Soldiers check their cards to get out of the trenches under the fire of prophetic bombs. Archive Top Foto, author of nevidomiya, 1914/1918

Photos of Italian and Austro-Ugric positions. This is how the trenches of two armies looked from the heights of the bird's field. Scherl/Suddeutsche Zeitung archive, author of non-domes, Italy, 1917

Three German soldiers after a night shower on the eyes

French sniper and yogo dog

Australian near Ypres (Belgium)

British soldiers torn off by a German gas attack with girchichny gas near Bethune (France)

In Berlin, the masses are trying to take their pennies from the bank after the slander of the war

Zhacks with a prickly dart for defense. Battle of the Somme

See the Soldier, Victoria Station (London)

Soldiers at the stove near France

Skeleton remains of Slaviski horses (Poland)

At Regent's Park near London. Nurses of the Red Cross, yakі give help to patients

American soldiers

American nurse with gas mask

German women to sort out the commemoration from the wartime Nazis

Recruit nurses trained to help wounded soldiers

Protest in the UK over the increase in milk prices

British soldiers at the tank

A German soldier in a trench entrusted with the body of a murdered Frenchman, near Fort Vox

British soldiers at the antigas, on the first day of the battle on the Somme

Russian soldier hovaєtsya for the body of the horse

British soldiers sit next to a lamp in the mill

The French infantry traditionally wore a uniform of blue and red colors. In 1914 French pikhotintsy, who went to the front, were already telling their spivvitchizniks from 1870.

Patriotic uniform
In 1902 p. Viysk began to take on the shape of a gray-green color. Before the war, the 106th Infantry Regiment marched at the parade in Paris in experimental uniform, including helmets, which called out to the great crowd. Tim is no less, the curiosity of the evil forces of great interest in the new form did not show, and, if the influx of 1914 was born. the war broke out

Pikhotintsy went to the front in blue uniforms and pants of a bright red color. Okremi officers hung in the spirit that they switched to a new uniform ahead of the war - a sign of fear, or, at least, a demonstration of the fact that France was zalyakana. The work on the new form has come to an end, but the delay from these introductions has led to tragedy. Already in the autumn of 1914 the army command began to quickly switch to a new uniform.

Officers born in 1914
In the spring of 1913, the officers of the infantry districts took away the order to adapt their old look to the old look of their subordinates. The officers switched to dark blue uniforms with chest straps (stinks were introduced in 1913, in April 1914 their wear became obov'yazkovym. The new uniform replaced the uniform of black color, introductions in 1893). The stench of a small comir-stіyku with rounded edges, on some gold letter of a shelf number. Signs of authority were ruffled on the cuffs. Sob the comir was not shaking, the officers often wore a shovkovy scarf under it, blue or white hustka. From the sides of the bright red pants passing the black stripe of the hem 45 mm. Shkiryany leggings or dark windings were worn with laces, although boots with spurs were allowed (captains and lieutenants, as commanders of companies, could change their tops).
The head hood of the cap of the “Samur” model, or a variant of a lower high tulle (yogo was called “polo”) with a shkiryan visor with gold along the edge, a black band, on which the number of the regiment hung with a golden thread. The bottom of the kepi is a red color. Smuzhki from the golden galloon on the black border denoted a ring, the same function was performed by vertical swags on the front and back parts of the cap. On the bottom there is a vizerunok made of gold galloon (so-called Ugrian vuzol). Pіdborіdny remіnets buv made from gilded shkіri. Beginning in 1913, a dark blue chohol was put on the caps of the polovs on their caps. Sometimes they destroyed the fire, so that the number of the regiment could be seen. In the free time, during military service, they wore a black-coloured cap.
Explain belts, as a rule, were made from black shkir. Belts in the case for the binoculars were also worn out of the shkiri of black color (the binoculars were obov'yazykovy for officers). Most of the officers were embroidered with a sabbath (mostly - zrazka 1845) in brown fur coats, yak hung on the harness of the 1882 revolver (mostly the revolvers of the 1892 zrazka) were worn in a holster. The officers were small shkiryan pіdbags for additional cartridges. On the right shoulder strap, they often wore a black shkiryan tablet. For ease of communication in 1896. a whistle was sent to the warehouse of the officer's equipment. Deyakі officers went from bіy from reeds or stacks. Beginning in 1890 special officers were carried in shoulder bags, even though deyak officers won the same backpacks as ordinary soldiers.
They went in winter overcoats (the deacons officers volilis double-breasted soldier's overcoats, they wore them with belts and orders; the officers changed simple hudziks on gold). The overcoat, yak was made in 1913, bula is popular among soldiers. They were sewn from dark blue cloth; The overcoat was a dovezhin lower than the knee and stuck on six golden gudzikiv. It was also allowed to wear capes similar to cavalry ones. Signs of authority were roztashovulysya on the sleeves, on the comіrі obov'yazkovo buv regiment number. In 1881 p. the replacement of the white mittens was procured in black shkiryan.

Signs of authority
On the sleeve of the uniform of another lieutenant (su-lieutenant), a gold coat is ruffled, and another coat is over the outskirts of the cap. Lieutenants were small in two coats, captains - three (with one additional coat on a vertical patch on a cap), battalion commanders - chotiri coats, lieutenant colonels - five and five colonels - six coats.

The uniform of a private and a sergeant's warehouse
Most of the French infantrymen went into battle near their overcoat, independently
kind of wait. Overcoat zrazka 1877 a bula of dark blue color (dark blue, officially known as blue, gray-steel). Mustache belts were dressed over her. The overcoat was double-breasted, with six gudzikami from the skin side and two guts. On the gudziku was seen an image of a burning grenadi. The undercoats of the overcoat can be fastened with gudziks to the back, to make it easier to move. It was all right in wet weather, if the overcoat got wet, it became important and grimaced like a ball of mud. The overcoat is small, unhandled comir-style, on which red buttonholes with blue numbers were sewn, which indicated the number of the regiment.
Under the comir overcoat they dressed in blue or white hustka. The overcoat is small chase. In 1913 p. the rolled-up chases were introduced, and the calls were better to trim the twine belt and harness straps.

The uniform (“blouse”, as the soldiers called it “short dupa”) was unpopular and not often worn. Models 1867 and 1897 were practically the same, differing only in the number of gudzikiv (nine and seven in number). The collar of the uniform does not blow over the collar of the overcoat. French infantry wore the famous baggy red trousers (as a rule, zrazka 1867, the cut was slightly changed in 1887 and 1893) with a back strap to adjust the width. A lot of French soldiers wore pants more streamlined, or they were replaced with pants made of brown leather corduroy. Out of the blue, more privates and sergeants gave priority to the boots with windings or gaiters. The design of these chereviks, which had been adopted by the 1893 r., recognized the change in 1916, if the podmіki began to be attached with flowers. Summing up, that there are few inexhaustible number of variations, it didn’t always hang out.

The soldiers wore a handy cap with a visor and a shoulder strap, a dark blue band and a red tulle. A thin blue vertical cord was sewn on in front in the center on the body. The same cords were sewn on the back and sides. In front, with blue threads, you will see the number of the shelf. On the cap, they often dressed a chokhol, pofarbovaniya at the color, similar to the color of the overcoat. In 1913, a waterproof version appeared.
Badges of authority were worn by the wives, they sewed a sleeve over the cuff on the skin. Private (1st class) mav in one red male, corporal in two, sergeant in one metal male (three comrades), and sergeant-major in two. At the upper part of the left sleeve of the sapper's uniform, the traditional red emblem was ruffled at the sight of the sokir, which were crossed (crowned with a executioner's grenade). Most of the sergeants wore the uniforms of the 1897 sergeant. The uniform of the soldiers of the reserve infantry regiments was the same. At the territorial parts of the regiments, the numbers on the cap and on the tops of the overcoats were hung with white threads.

Arrangement and recovery
The soldier's outfit was more important (yogi vaga in the average became 29 kg) and unarmed. In addition, it was important for the soldiers to put on yoga independently. The knapsack of 1893 was prepared from black shkіri (stretched over a wooden frame). Fastened knapsacks were also made from black shkir. In the middle of the knapsack, the soldiers took care of special hygiene, accessories for the leg, clean white and (only in the territorial parts) night kovpak. Acting soldiers were instructed to carry cauldrons for cooking zhzhi or kavomolka. Below the knapsack they fastened a bag for the provision of a bread bag, and the spares stretched out a carpet, and to wind a cauldron - at the new one. A sapper's shovel also entered the warehouse of the order, as if they were wearing evil. A flask for water (imovіrnіshe, scho for wine) mistila lіtr rіdini and vіdrіznyalas unusual design. In 1915 її changing the double option. As for the soldier's waist belt, then with greater ease, the model 1873 with a copper plate was worn, and not the belt with a buckle. On the side of the belt hung black pouches of models 1888 or 1905. The stick was hanging on a collar, which was fastened to the belt. The widest type of archery of the Lebel system was the gvintivka of the Lebel system (1893). The buckles of the presence of a belt from a brown coat could be worn on the shoulders.

Change in uniform and order
Shvidko bulo was put on over the red trousers of blue harem pants (with them it was necessary to wear windings) - the next soldier became less visible. In 1915 at the division, which went to the front, overcoats of a simple cut began to arrive. The stench was single-breasted, with farbovannymi gudziks, and different shades of blue color - from the classic pre-war to the grayish-blaky. Vіdkladny komіr appeared zruchnіshim. 3 chest 1914 the new one had new buttonholes from the blue numbers of the regiment. Most of the cloth came from England, so this color (mid-blue) was called English blue.
At the fierce 1915 p. a metal helmet was broken for wearing a cap. This is an intermediate variant (less than 700,000 pieces were ordered), appointments in order to protect soldiers with injuries to the head. At the front, they didn’t like a helmet - it was very hard to stop, and my head was sweating in it. At the time of zastosuvannya by the Germans of balloons with jet gases and then, spring 1915, gas shells, the first protikhimichny compresses were adopted for the construction. Compress C1 was worn in a waterproof case, hanging on the neck. In some cases, yogis were victorious with their own eyepieces (the 1915 inlet was in stock with 610,000 sets). Buv also razrobleny zahisny kovpak, ale vin encircling the sector to look around, to that vіd ny shvidko vіdmovilis. Potim, u Zhovtni 1915 a protigas (Tampon T) appeared, which stagnated until the middle of 1916. The need for a victorious order was the cause of the storms in the borid and vusiv - the growth in the guise made it difficult to put on the gas mask. The order was, like before, important and bulky, now such elements have reached the new one, like hand grenades and antigas.

Siruvate-blakytny
Regardless of those who experimented with the shape of the gray-green color ended in failure in 1911, the work was done in search of an acceptable neutral color trival. Bula tried to vicorate a mix of red, blue and white colors, although it was important to guarantee the presence of the required amount of red barvnik. Zreshtoy, from the day they turned off the red color and decided to do without it. As a result, the material has a blackish color, which officially became called grayish-black. The production of a grayish-black cloth started in the summer of 1914, and in the fall of the autumn it appeared in the army. Ale is less than hanging 1915 the production of this cloth has reached the scale, the building change the old look of rich French soldiers. Virobnitstvo roared up on the floor quickly, which was pronounced differently at the sights. Most often, overcoats of black and blue-steel colors were worn.
Priority was given to the issue of overcoats and caps, and even more so, for example, in the summer of 1915. the production of new uniforms began, the first time with aluminum gudzikami and the number of the regiment on the komiri from blue cloth. In addition, the pants hem with yellow piping for furry was improved. Pilots and berets also began to be sewn from a new blue cloth. Gudziks now robbed of piece materials, farbovannyh alloys and cheap aluminum. Most of the metal was used for the production of smelting. As a rule, on the dziks, as before, they stamped the emblem in front of a stinging grenadi.
Pokrіy kepі buv forgiveness, the front did not indicate the number of the regiment. I saved the police on my overcoat. The back of the letters is of blue color on a yellow background with a black edging on the back of the number. The proteges were zipped and blue numbers on red cloth squares. The blue numbers on the black valves have become an uncommon standard sign for identifying the regiment. Signs of authority also recognized revisions. Instead of a bright-red coat, dark blue stripes appeared at the lower part of the sleeve above the cuff. All of it was destroyed in order to build up less commemorative sergeants, who were few in the French army.

Adrian's helmet
The most important service in the field of uniform and order was in 1915. became the appearance of Adrian's helmet. General Joseph Joffre bachiv, that the obvious metal helmet is not suitable for the soldiers, and having longed for the most likely emergence of a new helmet helmet. At the fierce 1915 p. vin reach of the term launch at the design helmet design of George Scott. Until the dawn of war at Veresni, 1915. 1,000 sprats were issued. Scott's helmet was too expensive, and the release of the moment was accompanied by stutters, and at the same time, it was revealed the simple design of the helmet, razrobblen by the officer of the commissary service Auguste Louis Adrian. The prototype of the helmet was tested at the quarter of 1915, and the grass helmet was launched at the factory. 1600000 helmets with the emblem at the sight of the grenadi that were falling were issued for the sake of the fire. Until the red stench hung on the military warehouses and the stars began to fall behind the divisions. Up to the chest, the delivery was made up of 3,125,000 pieces.
The helmet was also taken off by colonial parts. Її farbuyali in napіvtovy blue colors, which made light and robbing the soldier of the target for the enemy. That's why the nap_matt color was changed to blue matte. Before that, for additional masking, the helmet was often poked around with a ball.

Soldiers around 1917
With a variety of clothes in uniform, which was worn by French soldiers in 1915. (in the photographs of soldiers, who go straight to the front, you can see caps and helmets), in 1916. giblets began to fight. The step-by-step uniform had a one-mantled look and remained so until the end of the war. Pikhotintsy wore Adrian's helmet with the emblem of a blazing grenadi and the letters RF (type RepubliqueFrancaise - French Republic. Note. prov.). A beige hood was worn over the helmet, which was tied with laces under the visor and under the hood. If the chohol was worn, then in the fighting minds the helmet was furbished in different colors - from matte grayish-blaky to dark gray. The soldiers most often wore a uniform, which was approved in 1914. Yogo was caught on five metal black-blue gudzikivs. Sometimes, as well as the posture of the service, the soldiers pulled in a blouse from a white linen. In cold weather, under the overcoat, they dressed a grayish-blaky uniform. The overcoat itself vindicated the zrazka adopted in 1915. Trousers, on which now everything is more like a yellow edging, were now greyish-blaky. Under the comir, like in 1914, they knitted scarves and woolen khastki, mostly with light-black and blue-blue fabrics. Like before, the bluish-gray windings were wider. The soldiers gave the upper hand to the chereviks (sound the sign of 1912), for the stench was the most handy vzutty for trench warfare. In 1916 and 1917 Changes were made to the design of the laces - flowers were driven in at the soles in order to make the design and work them less slimy.

Vіdminnostі і formі
At the Lipnya, born in 1916 the shape of the bulo was equipped with a color disk, which was worn on the commander's uniform and overcoat. The color of the disk, denoting the battalion, de serving as Yogo Vlasnik. The first battalion wore a dark blue disc, the second - a red one, the third - a yellow one.
On April 3, 1916, chevrons were introduced, which signified the trivality of service. They were worn on the left sleeve. One chevron, meaning the day of service, a leather additional chevron - another six months (five chevrons meant three years of service). At the front, you can also wear armbands. Most of all, you can look at the uniforms of nurses-wearers. As a rule, on the pov'yaztsі buv blakitny or white maltiysky cross. Vodії wore a bandage from the number of the regiment. Ті, who recognized for safety, wore a bandage with the letter L (like Liaison - zv'azok, vzaєmodiya. Note. prov.). The armbands of the armbands were sometimes dressed up by the soldiers, as if they took their fate from the attack. A white tricoutnik could be attached to the back of the overcoat. In 1917, the rozznavalny tokens for the lancet were removed from the vzhitok, which replaced the front version, which was adopted in 1899. On the token was indicated the name of the soldier of that number, on the back - the day, the month of that day for military service.
September 10, 1917 the infantry began to take off the buttonholes of the new zrazka. The stench was shaped like a rhombus and fixed on the edges of the overcoat. The number of the regiment, like and before, was of blue color, a noble edging passed over it. Colored discs for identifying the numbers of the battalion were worn on the tip of the commander. The stench turned out to be even more unpopular among the soldiers, so you can rarely see them in photographs of quiet rocks. Krіm zaznachenyh badges vіyskі vіdmіnnostі, zustrichalis on the sleeve patches or other emblems, recognized for the designation of the wearing of a specific military specialty or vikonuvanny functions. The replacement of the red sleeve patches of the sappers looked dark blue.
The best shooters were decorated with a stripe at the sight of the mislivsky rizhka of blue color, yak was worn on the left sleeve (the stripe was especially taken off the gold). Zv'yazkіvtsі wore a blue p'yatikutnu zіrka with glitters, and the emblem of the spring of 1916 was taken away by telephones. The emblem of the grenadiers was the blue palyucha grenada (the officers of the grenadier units wore the emblem, embroidered with gold thread). The grenadiers-machine-gunners drew the emblem at the looking harmonic stovburs, which would cross (or a light machine gun under a vibrating core). The emblem of the artillerymen, as they served the 37-mm regimental armament, from the sickle of 1916. there was a sign on the wheel. Scooters took away the emblem from the look of a bicycle, the musicians - from the look of the lyre (in addition, they wore a red-white-blue stripe at the bottom of the sleeve). Zbroyov maistri wore an emblem on their sleeves at the sight of crossed twines and grenadi. Rozvіdniki іnоdі wore а blue p'yatikutnu zіrka as an emblem.

Badges for injuries
Qi stripes were introduced as a badge of honor for the Entente soldiers, as they took away the wounded in battle. Zzvichay їх were worn on the left front shoulder of the sleeves of the uniform. In France, stripes for injuries or "Insignedesblessesmilitaires" began to be awarded in 1916. They were worn on the right sleeve after returning to the service. Patch with a width of 8 mm bula blue color. The officers often victorious for the preparation of stripes for the wounded and for the service of the rokіv more chevrons from metal thread, the proteas gave priority to the less commemorative blue. March 3, 1916 the soldiers of the regiments, who were appointed, took off the permission to wear an aiguillette (Fourrageres) on their shoulders. The colors of theirs were changed, for example, the color of the line of the Order of the Legion of Honor was chervonim, and the Viysk cross - red-green.

Assault gear
The French soldiers, like before, pompously shuffled around in the trenches, or else they climbed out of them through those who were maddened by their mothers when they were in order. Whose order was even more unruly, if the soldiers took back the order to attack the positions of the enemy. In 1916 new pіdbags were procured, and 1917 p. step by step improved the release of the order from unblackened natural sheet. The new protigaz M2 is also accepted for deployment. Yogo was taken in a blue metal box, as if hanging below a pouch with clips. The officers continued to carry a small first aid kit. The satchels were flooded at their trenches. The infantrymen went on the attack, dressed in uniform and trousers, with Adrian's helmet on their heads, and in caps with windings on their legs. The order was reduced to a minimum and the sound was formed from a rolled-up carpet (thrown over the shoulder in the Russian manner), one or two double flasks (with wine or water), a bag of sugar and a bag for antigas (a new container for antigas ARS ) German model, which started to enter the front in the first month of 1918). In addition, the rich soldiers had with them bivalve lighters and a trenching tool (shovel, pickaxe or sokir). Empty bears for pishka or pouches for grenades were shot. Most of the infantry was studded with Berthier abo Lebel's twines, entrenched knives (of various designs) and wound with clubs. They also made grenades, which they fastened to the belt, or they took them in a bag, thrown over their shoulders.

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Options
Adrian's standard helmet could be equipped with a visor, found by Jean Dunant. Vtіm, it was rare to finish it. In addition, chain mail could be attached to the front to the cassette for a zakhist guise. The remaining popularity is not small, to that which the helmets have increased the weight.
Bulletproof vests were less wide (it’s true, trophies of German bulletproof vests were victorious), although 1915 was born. padded vests stuck in. The stench loomed over unhandled. In the most nasty weather, the soldiers vikoristovuval civil storm coats and klejonki that gagged at their mark. The stench was also wound around the neck of the civilian scarf and dressed with mittens, and the breech part of the guinea was gorged with a glue or a neck scarf. Vodії wore a winter coat overcoat on the farm, mittens and waterproof capes. Even with great popularity, the chereviks were crowned on a wooden base.
In snowy weather, the soldiers saw white (light beige) overalls. Before stosuvannya in the field was carried out until 1911 Overalls of galvanized gudzik and were taken care of during the masquerade. The effect of the remainder was fading, as if the helmet was also made in a white color. Soldiers, sent to the theaters of military operations beyond the borders of Europe (French infantry regiments fought in Gallipoli, near Thessaloniki, Macedonia and Palestine), wore a uniform (gray-black) with gray-black or white trousers. The officers of the deputy helmet of Adrian were sometimes allowed to wear a tropical sholom (first issued in 1886), which strongly inspired the English cork sholom. Sound vin light brown and beige color. At the linear parts of the chest, yogo was worn without any emblems or signs. Sholom did not protect the view of the cult of the ulamkiv, but ale was light and handy and kindly protected the head from the sleepy ones. All military men from the metropolis were punished to wear a grayish-black outfit. However, the fierce 1915 p. military servicemen near the parts, which are located in the territories with a scorching climate, began to see light (llyan) uniforms and trousers in khaki color. they were forgiven, they were stagnant.

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Previous and later publications of North Jonathan's book

ELITE PIKHOTA, Stor. 130
The Crimean Guards Infantry, the Russian army is small in other parts of the elite. The first among them in 1914 p. buli 16 grenadier regiments. More chotiri shelves were formed in 1917. (from the 17th to the 20th). Before them, other regiments were added, as well as a few battalions, formed from veterans or deserved and awarded by cities of infantry.
Rice. one
Grenadier regiments
A bunch of recruits were selected for growth and physical tribute. Vіdbir at the 1st and 13th regiments, in the house like a life-grenadier, more folding. In 1914 the soldiers of the grenadier regiments wore uniforms that guessed the uniform of their colleagues from the line of the wild. Їхні похідні kashketi mali visors and imperial cocardi. However, some at the front wore variants of a peaceful hour - without a visor and with bright bands, as well as caps (closer to the end of the war. Note. ed.). The grenadiers
the police wore uniforms of a green zahis color and tunic - on deyaky roses on the breasts of a mother a mother of red piping (zokrema, among officers), as well as bloomers or breeches of a zahis color. Grenadiers wore belts with characteristic buckles.bronze or white metal, fallow in the color of the regimental gudzikiv), on some bula the emblem of the grenadier was applied, which fell. Most of the traditional regiments have a beautiful double-headed eagle on the yarn. Most of the rank and file had a rolled-up overcoat and two pouches, leather for 30 cartridges. The officers carried revolversin a brown holster with a drawstring (shrink), attach to the handle.
Basic characteristic mark the police were chasing with colorful piping and encryption. The color side of the chase at the grenadier police was a boulder of a bright yellow color. Vaughn was a lining for the golden galloon on officer epaulettes at the first twelve polices and for the silver in the Republic of eight. The encryption on the shoulder straps of the lower ranks was red, on the officer shoulder straps - gold or silver fallow in the color of the regimental badges. The first twelve policemen had gold gudziks, and eight had silver ones.
Signs of authority of the ranks were not raised in the case of the most important ones (they are the names of the husbands). The color of the edging of the indications in the table.

Changes, which were small at the time of war, included the introduction of Adrian's helmets with a cockade at the look of an eagle, helmets of Russian manufacturing, as well as caps.
Torishny sickle 1914 in the 8th regiment, the monogram of the Duke of Mecklenburg was replaced by the letter "M" (in honor of Moscow). Spring 1917 some policemen had to replace the monograms of the tsar's coats of arms with the letters that they used to name the regiment. For example, at the 12th
The Astrakhan regiment received the letter "A" (in honor of the city of Astrakhan).
Soldiers of the grenadier artillery and engineering units (which included up to the depot of the grenadier divisions). Note. ed.) wore red chases, and not zhovt, like their colleagues-pikhotintsy.

Other parts
The increase in the number of elite parts closer to the end of the war is meagerly reflected in the documents. Vlitka born in 1917 it was shvidka molding "shock battalions" or "death battalions".
Some of them were richly promoted and after they were captured by the Bilshoviks. The battalions were small with different emblems, and most of all, like such a vicarious skull.

PIKHOTA
Russia is small, majestic army and numerical infantry. To that її it was necessary to equip it practically and economically.
Fig.2
Rocky change
The order and form of the Russian pihot changed little in the period from 1914 to 1917 (for dekilkom to finish with significant vinyatki), which cannot be said about the first years of the 20th century. Partly to the spirit of the reforms that are panuvav in Europe, and partly to the special interest of the emperor to the military form, back to the cob of war in sickle
1914 Russia has carried out a lot of large-scale uniform reformspikhotintsiv. Porazka vіd japonії vymagala operative introduction of changes to form. The Russian soldiers fought with a similar susidom in white and dark green (and in black) uniforms. Irrespective of those that the uniform of ordinary soldiers and non-commissioned officers was to be simple and economical, it would not be practical. In 1906 In 1907, the Russian Ministry of Foreign Affairs promptly tested a number of options for uniforming the military color and in 1907. it was decided to switch to uniforms, bloomers and kashketi in khaki green color. Through problems and deliveriesAnd to the influx of climate minds, it’s even more important to save the necessary vents.

Most of the uniforms of the Russian infantry were due to a bula buti of a greenish-brown color, and then later, and as a result of the change of trousers and uniforms, a color could be added, even close to beige. Uniforms were let out at different places of the empire in five regions. The back of the uniform was sewn from a bavovnyanoy material and cloth (for winter uniforms) with a comir-string. The uniform was worn often until 1912, if in the new one they began to act step by step, but it was possible to fight on the soldiers at the hour of the war.
A new shirt or a tunic came to change the uniform, as it appeared in 1907, after which it began to massively enter the army. On early modifications, the plank was ruffled with a levoruch, later it was moved to the center, in sashes of 1914 and 1916. small places of insignificant change (there appeared such gudziki and intestines). Most in 1914 the military tunics of the 1912 r. z zastіbaєtsya on two gudziks (horns or wood) with a comir and plank, which also zastіbaєtsya on two gudziki. The need for these military tunics was so strong that the stench was let out in decal variations: for some there were guts, for some they were cut in the back, for some there were cuffs that turned out.
The officers of the ring wore sewn on the dressing of the uniform (tunic) of a green dress with breast pockets. These uniforms were sewn from larger yakish material, so just like a tunic, like a raptom, the officers vowed to dress themselves for the necessary, like they were dressed. Pіznіshe sered іtserі v popular uniforms like "French".

Chase
The chases were fastened on the shoulders to the uniform of the military tunic. As a rule, the stench was harsh and two-sided. One side of the bula is colorful, the other is a sour color. On the offended sides, the number of the regiment of the monogram rang out, as if the regiment of the maw of the chief - a member of the imperial family of a foreign monarch. Sometimes the side of the sour color was empty.The color side could have two colors fallow in the regiment of the division and brigade. The police of the first brigade of the division wore red chases, the other brigade had blue ones.Regimental badges on shoulder straps (numbers and monograms) of boulevard color on red shoulder straps and white on blue shoulder straps. On the side of the zahisny color, signs were applied with yellow color.

Non-commissioned officers were wearing shoulder straps of a transverse dark yellow-hot coat (sub-ensigns - yellow or white metal galloons). The officers wore zhorstki pursuits of the same color as those worn by the soldiers and non-commissioned officers. A gold or silver galloon was superimposed on the officer's epaulette and details were attached (combination of stars and enlightenment). On the shoulder straps of a zahisny color, there is a ciphered boule of a bronze color. Spend the middle of the officers zmusili before switching to less obvious signs of timesindividuals, including the soft chases of the zhorst ones. Volunteersthat chases were worn with a edging of braided black-orange-whitecord. The police, who were camped for 1914 p. chiefs - members of the German or Austro-Ugric imperial families (for example, the 6th Infantry Lieutenant of Prince Frederick Leopold of Prussia), their monograms were removed from the chase and replaced by regimental numbers.

Other powers
In winter, Russian soldiers wore overcoats from the outside of different colors from gray to grayish-brown. Basically, the stinks were single-breasted (model 1911) or with hooks and loops (model 1881), with gates. The overcoat was often vicorated like a carpet. Її, as a rule, they rolled into a roll at once with a cloak and wore it over the shoulder (sound offended by the kіntsі zv'yazuvali and thrust into cauldrons). If the overcoat was dressed, the cloak was also worn in a roll over the shoulder. If the temperature dropped to -5 ° C, the soldiers were allowed to put on a hood (hood). Yogo was tied in front on long lines, which were tucked in at the waist belt. The hood itself hangs freely on the soldier's back. Some people wore chases on their overcoats, trochs were bigger for the rozmіrom, lower on the tunic. The fences and regimental signs were worn on the chests of the uniform and overcoat.

Headwear
Pikhotintsi wore kashketi style, introduced in 1907. and recognized the change in 1910. The stench of the boules of a sour color with a black visor (sounds like we’re turning the greens or a brown color) and used the uniform for a year. The officers wore zhorstkish kashkets with a shoulder strap, non-commissioned officers and other tezh. Transitional soldiers got by without the help of remembrances. In front of the chest there was an oval-shaped imperial cockade (the center - black color, then - concentric to the orange (or gold), black and orange color). The non-commissioned officer's cocardi were of a large size and small on the edge of a wide streaked husband. The officer's cockade was similar to the non-commissioned officer's, but the edges were small and swollen in front. Vzimka wore hats from hutra chi poyarku. Such hats were called hats, they could have a different shape and color (sound gray and brown). The papakha is small on the top of the zahish color and the imperial cockade in front. In addition, there are small gates, like they crooked their necks and ears, giving them a zahist, a kind of necessary under the hour of the Russian winter. The design of the hat appeared so far away that most of the 20th century was victorious.

The cards "Pikhotnі kokardi" are incomprehensible!

Z 1916 the Russian army began to win the French helmets of Adrian with a cockade like a double-headed eagle, scarlet stench, sounded, were given to the elite regiments and officers. The steel helmet (Zolberg zrazka 1917) was broken up and issued in 1917. the Solberg and Holmberg company near Gelsinka (at that time, Finland was included in the warehouse
Russia) by small parties. Russian soldiers victorious also captured German and Austrian helmets (this statement is true for the period of the Gromadyan war. Note. ed.).
In 1907 p. the introduction of bloomers of the same color as the uniform. The stench was large in quilts and tight-fitting gomіlki. On the old bots of officer's harem pants іnоdі buv kant color khaki. Harem pants were sewn from bavovnyanoi fabric, and cloth was worn with dressings at black shkiryan chobots. Instead of scarves, smug fabrics were used to wrap the feet and ankles (legs). Footcloths were richly cheap for a sock and better (to wind them up correctly). It was easier to prati and the stench hung out more, which is important in fighting minds.
Fig.3
Order and ammunition
We will forgive the order of the Russian infantry. The backpacks did not ring out - the stench went to the guards. The soldiers wore brown and black belts with buckles with a small eagle that looked like a double-headed eagle. From both sides of the buckle, one brown pouch (1893) was ruffled, 30 stitches each for the skin. Sometimes the bandoliers were victorious with an additional stock of cartridges. More soldiers in a small bowler hat or an aluminum flask on a strap, a sapper shovel (Linneman's design with a shkiryanim case) and a bread bag or a speech bear.(for example, from 1910) from a light brown or white canvas. The new one had spare clips and special speeches. Protigazi vanished from vzhitok for example 1915 r. Tse buli yak antigas, imported from the krajn-allies, and antigasZelinsky (the first effective protigas with a carbon filter) in an aluminum container.
The officers wore brown belts (with a frame buckle) with a shoulder harness, adopted in 1912 or without it. The set of their equipment included binoculars (produced by the German firm Zeiss), a revolver with a holster, a polova bag, a saber (1909) or from 1916, a dagger in black fur.

Strilec police
At the warehouse of the Russian army, there were a few rifle regiments, and they were few in number in the leading line infantry regiments. In the middle of them there were zvichaynistry regiments, Finlyandsk striletsk regiments, Caucasian strelecki regimentspolice, Turkestan striker police and Siberian striker police. At the beginning of the war, the Latiska Rifle Regiments were formed. Soldier of Striletsky regimentsBulo v_drіzniti on raspberry shoulder straps. The same color was used for the lining of officer chauffeurs.In addition, ciphering was carried out on the persecution (the number of the regiment or the monogram). On the shoulder straps of the soldiers of the Turkestan regiments, the Crimean numbers, the letter “T” was worn, at the Latvian regiments - the Russian letter “L”, at the Siberian regiments - “C”. On the shoulder straps of the 13th Striletsky Regiment, the cipher "НН" (Cyrillic) and number 13 was used, at the 15th regiment - the cipher "HI" and the number 15, and in the 16th - the cipher "AIII" and the number 16 under it. 1st Caucasian Regiment Mav cipher "M". The encryption (monograms) of the Siberian regiments is indicated in the tables below.

Buttonholes were ruffled on the commander's greatcoat, yak, sound, boule black color with raspberry edging. On the buttonholes of the overcoat of the non-commissioned officer, there is a sewn gudzik. Across the epaulettes were stashed wisps (golden or dark-zhovtogaryachi).
Riflemen wore the same kashkets, like the soldiers of the infantry regiments, the caps also wore hats. The stench could be of different forms and roses, Siberians could be shaped for a more “volohatym” version of black or dark gray color. The belts of the Striletsky police were small but black.
Russian officers sometimes wore regimental badges on their belts. Like in other armies, the Russian army introduced stripes for wounding. The stench was compared with the officers and red with the lower ranks. One stripe showed one wounded by a gas attack.
Above the cuff on the uniform of the regimental rozvіdnik was sewn a line of green color, at the machine gunner - a raspberry line, and a mortar - a line of red color.
The sappers wore an emblem on their sleeves at the sight of a shovel and sokiri of a red color.
The Russian army also wore armbands. Representatives of the military police wore red bandages in black Cyrillic "VP".The soldiers, who occupied the lane and replenished the stock of ammunition, wore bandages from the blue or black inscription "SO".
The war caused a number of changes. The pre-war warehouse of a regiment of four battalions was replaced by a tribattalion, even as the number of regiments grew (from 209 to 336). For the formation of regiments from the 393rd to the 548th, there was a vikoristano militia. As it was supposed to be, the quiet policemen, where the monograms of the representatives of the royal houses of the fortune-telling lands were ruffled on shoulder straps, they were replaced by numbers.
Buli and іnshі zmіni - at the breast 1916. The 89th Belomorsky Infantry Regiment, having removed the monogram of Tsarevich Oleksiy, who fell to the throne, who suffered from hemophilia, became the regiment's chief. Zagalom through the second time, the Grand Duke of the Bilshoviks together with the other members of the family.

The picture is more incomprehensible now about the position of the twines and readiness before the attack!

Grenadiers
Grenadier regiments, about which it was told more, were not the only ones among the Russian army. Autumn 1915 having appeared in the wake of the soldiers at the assault group, fired over importantly with grenades. Groups of 10 individuals were formed from a group of grenadiers near the skin company, as if they were given to the headquarters of the regiment. Until the end of 1915 the majority of infantry and rifle regiments had grenadier platoons of 50 soldiers armed with carbines, grenades, daggers and axes. In the fierce 1916s, it became possible to wear red (and blue) patches on the left grenadi sleeve on the left sleeve of the uniform (tunic) or overcoat.
Later, after the creation of special grenadier courses, the simple emblem was replaced by a more forgiving one. The soldiers, who had completed their studies at the courses, could wear the emblem of the Grenadiers with red or blue crescents (coloured chaps) on a black lining with a white cross. The archer's policemen had a half-day of raspberry color. The officers and guards on the base of the grenadi were stashed with gold and metal crosses.

Police of special recognition
The zahіdnym allies were given that Russia, vіdchuvayuchi lacking ozbroєn, nibito may have too much of a special warehouse. Therefore, the stench seemed to direct the military theaters of the military events. In the spring of 1916. one brigade was thrown over from France. Vaughn was formed from volunteers and organized from the 1st and 2nd regiments of special recognition. Later, the 3rd and 5th brigades were formed, and the 2nd and 4thbrigades for example 1916 buli were sent to Thessaloniki to take part in the battles on the Macedonian front.
The police wore uniforms and military blouses in khaki color in the Russian style with epaulettes in zakhish color, but also with white piping (Fig. 2). Some of them were indicated by the numbers of the regiments, ring out, in Roman numerals. However, in some parts, the numbers of the regiments are indicatedchi Arabic numerals, scho was a violation of the basic rules.
Chase Volunteers Mali black-orange-white edging. It was customary to wear loose trousers. Most of the soldiers were saved by black coats.
The soldiers, who had arrived to France, had little belts and belts, and took off French helmets of sour color (with a double-headed eagle or without it). Russians have also seen French tarpaulin satchels and pіdbags for cartridges up to Lebel's twinesthat Berthier. To finish the stench often rushed to the French belt in order. Bagneti were worn in battle postures in pikhvakh, yakі were attached to the waist belt.
In 1917 after the advent of Nivelle, which was accompanied by majestic expenses, and through a few words about the revolution that began in Russia, Russians near France began to show signs of disobedience. Quiet, who was confused at the zavorushennya, was sent to Algiers. Quiet, who saved loyalty, often rozzed or stopped joining the Russian Legion. legion sraall in France, like 1917 and in 1918, after which it was dissolved. Part of the soldiers turned to Russia, others settled at France.
The police of special recognition in Macedonia were split up and split up. A lot of their soldiers were allowed to come to the Serbs or turn back home.

Russian legion
Legionnaires wore uniforms similar to the uniforms of other regiments of special recognition (Fig. 2), but over time the stench became more and more similar to the French. Most of the soldiers wore uniforms and overcoats of a zahish color similar to Moroccan infantrymen (a legion of warriors at the warehouse of the Moroccan division). At the kutakhs of the Komir, the legionnaires had the letters "LR" ruffled, edged by two husbands with a blue color. At the legion, French signs were won, and instruct the French order. Legionnaires could wear helmets with the abbreviation LR, or else they continued to wear their old helmets, but without the imperial eagle. On the sleeves of the rich soldiers, a stripe was worn by a Russian white-blue-red ensign. The soldiers of the Estonian company, which fought at the warehouse of the legion, could have a stripe on the sleeves of the ensign of Estonia. Officers, perhaps, wore dark blue trousers and breeches.

Timchas order
The speech of the king on the throne caused far-reaching changes in the army. Having poured in yoga, the outfit is not so significant. The imperial eagles were cut off from the buckles of the waist belts, the same proportion of the eagles were spitted on the helmets of Adrian (on the other hand, crowns were cut off, which only roztashovuvalis over the eagles). Cocardi on chests were sometimes replaced with stripes of colors of the national ensign (white-blue-red).
The army itself began to lay out. The team of hours, spodіvayuchis utrimati front and zoredit nadіynyh bіytsіv v chastina, zdatnyh to carry out an attack, trying to form "shock battalion" or "battalion of death".
In the same armies, battalions were also formed from soldiers, decoratedGeorge cross. The stinks were called "George battalions" and they were also dressed in the same uniform, like a linear fury, but with characteristic epaulettes. Stopboules in orange or black color or basic color, ale edged
weave with a black-yellow hot cord. Officer's breeches mali orange-blackno stripes, edgings of the same color were sheathed with cuffs and, inodes, a strip of a uniform. The hoops were worn on the chests. Soldiers and officers of the "shock battalions" wore on the sleeves of their uniforms and overcoats characteristic emblems and often embellished their hats
with metal cockades like skulls. In other parts, emblems like skulls were attached to the chase. The warriors of the “death battalion”, who defended the Winter Palace from the Belarusians, wore uniforms, a description of which was avenged in the divisions about the army, who took the fate of the Gromadyansky war.
Fig.4
Romanian soldiers
Russia made doors for rich foreign volunteers. Among them were Serbs, Romanians and Poles, and the most popular, no doubt, were the Czechs. Rumuni were equipped in Russian uniforms, and replaced the cockade with a blue-yellow-red stripe. The Poles also have a small Russian uniform, but in 1917. began to wear hats with the Polish eagle and, possibly, buttonholes, as well as stripes with an eagle on the sleeves of the uniform.

Polish soldiers
The “Legion of Pulawski” was formed from the Poles. Polish infantry were equipped in Russian uniform with epaulettes, on which they wrote “1LP” in yellow. In addition, three Ulanian squadrons were formed, dressed in uniforms of zahis color and dark blue breeches. The form of the uhlan bula is sheathed with a chervonim, with a blue or yellow edging (a fallow in the numbers of the squadron). Dress uniforms Malilapels. Blue breeches were small stripes (red ones - at the first regiment, white ones - at the other regiment, and yellow - at the third). The same color of the boules went around the uniforms and around the kashkets. Later, the infantry went to the warehouse of the Polish Strile Brigade, and it took off the cockade with the great Polish eagle. The Polish Legion was of smaller number of formations in Finland in 1917.
In addition, the formations of the other national military units were formed, and the majority of them were fired before the war for independence against the red and white armies.

Czechoslovak soldiers
Czechs and Slovaks, like before, are being taken in by the most foreigners who fought at the warehouse of the Russian army. Most of them were military-polluted, which they ate into the Russian full, fighting near the lava of the army of the Austro-Ugric region in Galicia and Ukraine. Others already lived in Russia or came to the Serb after the defeat of the Serbian army in 1915. Begley to Russia. The Russians were reluctant to mold the pieces from the woolly ones, the shards were superb signs of the Geneva Convention. In 1914 of formations of the reserve battalion (druzhina) from ethnic Czechs and Slovaks, like Russian soldiers. Another battalion of buv formations in 1915. On the cob 1916 offensive battalions went to the warehouse of the Czechoslovak rifle regiment, on the basis of a bulathe brigade was fired, and then the division. If the Timchasovy order came to the vlady, then the Czechoslovak corps was the Czechoslovak corps. On the back of the Czechoslovak regiment, imovirno, equipped with Russian uniforms, all with a diagonal red-and-white stripe, which appeared in 1917. deputy cocardi on the outskirts of the kashket. Badges of the deputy cocardi also appeared on Adrian's hats and helmets. On the cob of 1918, the chases changed the stripes at the guard on the left sleeve of the uniform and overcoat. The chevrons on the shield showed the rank of the yogi vlasnik, and the number under the chevrons of the part, serving in the yakіy vin.
The swindler, who was panowed in Russia for example in 1917, had extra uniforms thrown on the right, and the Czechoslovaks were adored by those who they could know. Tilki in 1918, if the stench crossed over to the allies and fought against the Bolsheviks, trying to get out of Russia, they were able to take off the uniform and formalize the badges of authority and the emblems of the parts. For more information about the Czechs and Slovaks, you can find in the section about the army that fought during the hour of the Gromadyansk war.

1) "The French army went to war with red trousers for the sake of panіv vіtchiznânіh virobnikіv farbi".
- The remaining French brewer of red farby "garans" was ruined on the example of the 19th century and the army was stunned to buy a chemical brewery near Nimechchina.
In the years 1909-1911, the French army carried out large-scale work on the distribution of uniforms of a zahis color (“burska” uniform, “reseda” uniform, “Detail” uniform).
The first and most infamous opponents were ... journalists and experts of the same ZMI, as if they were sweeping the bulk against the "underestimating human agility and the French spirit" of the foreign uniform.
Dali Pradiopolita Parliamentar-Populisti, VIKHO EKONNII FIMICHIT TO ARMIISKIKI Conservatory-INITITITH BULLASED to 1914 ROCO, if the Termi Viluchati Sir-Blakitan Deta, Yaki, Schepa, Shcheli, Vydm, in the boulers. that resedi.

2) "The theory of" standing before the border "disassembled by the General Staff intellectuals has put France on the border of catastrophe."
- Absolutely all sides of the cob period of WWI were supplemented, including the offensive method of warfare. Theoretical layouts of the French General Staff - before speech, less mechanistic, lower among the Germans and attached great respect to the psychological aspect of conducting combat operations, did not see anything special in this aphid.
The right reason for sickle hecatombs was a failure in the officer’s warehouse of the corps and divisional lanka, which was due to the high middle age and low level.
The cadre officers, through the low rіven of life, were deprived of people who were not able to build up to anything else, and the reserves of the masses did not modern methods waging war.

3) "Zhorstok melee essences in trenches".
- The statistics of the medical profession is merciless. The share of cold fall is 1% of fatal injuries in 1915 and 0.2% - in 1918. The main trench trenches were grenade (69%) and fire (15%).
Cerelia and s rozpodil injury on the body: 28.3% - head, 27.6% - upper ends, 33.5% - legs, 6.6% - chest, 2.6% - live, 0.5% - shiya.

4) "Deadly Gas"
- 17,000 killed and 480,000 wounded on the Western Front. Tobto 3% of the total expenses and 0.5% are lost. Tse give us the spіvvіdnoshnja vbitih to the wounded 1:28 against the middle front 1:1.7-2.5.
So, it doesn’t sound cynical, if more soldiers survived the gas, they could tell everyone who wanted about their suffering - despite the fact that only 2% of the wounded became disabled for life, and 70% of the injured turned to the fret less, lower for 6 tyzhniv.

5) "France spilled blood in the trenches of Verdun."
- PID Verden Franziya was embedded in the approximate of Soldatyv, Skilki in Rukhii Vіinі 1918 Rock I Mayzhe Menhe.

6) "The officers hovered behind the backs of the soldiers."
- Part of the dead and the ones who called to the army, officers / soldiers: infantry - 29% / 22.9%, cavalry - 10.3% / 7.6%, artillery - 9.2% / 6%, sappers - 9, 3% / 6.4%, aviation - 21.6% / 3.5%. At the same time, don’t say it for the first time - there is a supply of cavalry, studded with machine guns.

7) "The generals shot the rebellious soldiers."
- The number of soldiers sentenced to death by the military-poly courts (including with criminal mischief) is 740. The cost is 0.05% of the total number of dead French infantry.

Yak VIDOMO, to the earnings of the Pershitovo, the Army Rosiy, nimechini, the UK Buli Buli, was equipped with kulemets of one structural (Khairem Maxim), and the rods of the stabbies of Sokolov in the Rosya, Tilki at the British hour) and an unknown machine tool in Nіmechchinі. The very last one became the drive for the legend.
On the right, in that the machine gun with such a verst was transferred to carry it either like a stretcher, or to pull it like a sled, and to make it easier to work, belts with carbines were added to the machine gun.
At the front, when the machine gunners were transferred, they sometimes died, and their corpses, fastened with straps to the machine gun, just gave rise to a legend, and then the voice and ZMI replaced the straps with lancets, for a greater effect.

The French went further, and told about the closed calls of suicide bombers in the middle of the "Schumann armored carriages". The legend swollen the great searches, I yak Potim, writing Hemіnguya in one of the bastards, "... yogo knowing, yaki chuly reports about the nіmetskihi, rushed to the Kulennsky Liszhi, they did not bother with the non -aborched Kuni kuyut. yogo explanations".
Richard Aldington, in the novel "The Death of a Hero" (1929), de stuto is a civilized man like a soldier, who came from the front at the gate:
- Oh, but our soldiers are so young, so young, you know, not those Germans. You, maybe, have already gone overboard, why are the Germans a cowardly people?
- I didn’t mention anything like that. Needless to say, there are stench with a strong masculinity and an industriousness. You don’t know why it’s not acceptable for our soldiers to let in the turnaround? Aje, we are not yet far enough away from the fret to brighten up the nimtsiv."

Until the beginning of the Great War, the German command and officers did not attach an unimportant position to the French army, associating it with the "gale pivnem" - it was said that it was so ignited and noisy, but really weak and foul.
And yet, in the first battles, the French soldiers confirmed the long-standing reputation of staunch and strong fighters, ready to sacrifice themselves for the sake of the fatherland.
These high-ranking battles were shown to those who were worthy, that they had the opportunity to fight for the first time practically with the largest streak of arms, which was in the arsenals of both the allies and the opponents.

The main armament of the French soldier - the 8-mm rifle "Lebel-Berthier" - was not matched with the German "Mauser M.98" at the same time, and the Russian "triohliniytsi", and the Japanese "Arisatsi Type 38" and the American M.1903", and the Shosha hand-held machinegun "Shosha" was richly ignited and brought to the ranks of smash curiosities.
Tim is no less, the oscars of the French infantry were condemned to victorious (want to replace the trophy or the allied during the first year), as a result, it itself became the “defeat of victory” of the Great War, in the French army, insanely, played a vital role.

The "Shosha" machine gun began to be developed spontaneously as well, as a reaction to the global light trend of the creation of automatic firing systems.
For the basis of the possible automatic twine (and the French created it themselves), it was taken nowhere more unclaimed and potentially not far away, the system of the cullet of the Austro-Ugric designer Rudolf Frommer, yak was grounded on the energy of the barrel with a long stroke.
For a rapid fire, the scheme is not buggy, bring the shards to an increased vibration. The Prote French sounded vibir on nіy.
Tactical and technical characteristics of the new armor were shown on the equal footing "lower for lower". Maybe, the only positive quality of "Shosh" was a small vaga - no more than 9.5 kg with a box magazine for 20 cartridges and a bipod.
I want to win here without becoming a champion: the Danish manual machine gun "Madsen", which is a miraculous battle and superior automation, weighing no more than 8.95 kg.

Regardless of all its shortcomings, the "Shosha" machine gun was commercially successful, even scandalous. On the French army, the wines were abandoned until 1924, and the wild release of the cullet until that moment had counted 225 thousand pieces.
The main income from the sale of their gun-outsider, the French managed to take away from the US military department, as there were even more markets for automatic weapons.
In the spring of 1917, before America entered the war, Director of the Department of Defense of the American Army, General William Croz, signed a contract for the supply of 16,000 Shosha machine guns.
It is noteworthy that a few years ago, this official categorically rejected the idea of ​​building the miraculous Lewis machine gun in the United States, and also the need to purchase a clearly inadvertently French model, arguing "an obvious lack of firepower of American moldings."

The result of її zastosuvannya in the US army is not very important: the French machine gun took off your own bad ratings. Prote General Crozi continued mass purchases of weapons.
On April 17, 1917, the British Commissariat of France made a proposal for 25,000 C.S.R.G. machine guns, but only under the main American cartridge 30-06 Springfield (7.62 × 63 mm).
The share of which agreement appeared to be even more commendable. The kulemets, fired under the headstock of the Automatic Rifle Model 1918 (Chauchat), began to shoot faster, lower, they were made under the "red" 8-mm cartridge.
Larger energy-saving ammunition 30-06 not only often jammed, but even more quickly breaking the reloading mechanism. It is not surprising that having taken more than 19 thousand guns for a new contract, the Americans categorically encouraged further deliveries.
Dekіlka deputies in the French parliament then tried to initiate investigations on the subject of where the profits were made for the sale of obviously unacceptable machine guns to the Americans, and then they closed it off - a lot of high-ranking military diplomats were shot to the equipment of the Atlantic Ocean.