Yaka may be a slea in a healthy person. What is a slina
Slina(Lat. Saliva) - a gapless motherland, which is filled with empty company secrets of sloughs. Slina wets the empty mouth, priyayuchi articulation, safe spriynyatta gusto vіdchuttіv, zamaschuu chewed їzhu. In addition, the slina cleans the empty mouth, can bactericidal action, protects the teeth from damage. Under the action of the enzymes of the slug in empty mouth start overdigestion in carbohydrates.
Slene Warehouse
Slina has a pH of 5.6 to 7.6. At 98.5% and more, it is accumulated from water, salts of various acids, microelements and cations of other puddle metals, lysozyme and other enzymes, and vitamins. Basic organic speeches lins are proteins that are synthesized in sloughs (ferments enzymes, glycoproteins, mucins, class A immunoglobulins) and behind them. Part of the whites of the slugs may be syrovatkovojennya (active enzymes, albumins, β-lipoproteins, immunoglobulins of classes G and M and in.).
Most people have group-specific antigens in slugs that match blood antigens. The quality of secretion at the warehouse of the line of group-specific speech is transmitted from the fall. In this case, specific proteins were revealed - salivoprotein, which adheres to phosphorocalcium deposits on the teeth, and phosphoprotein - a calcium-binding protein with high sporidity to hydroxiapatite, which takes part in the illumination of dental calculus. The main enzymes of the line are amylase (α-amilase), which hydrolyzes polysaccharides to di- and monosaccharides, i α-glycosidase, or maltose, which breaks down the disaccharide maltose and sucrose. The link also showed proteinase, lipase, phosphatase, lysozyme and in.
A small number of bones have cholesterol and yogo ether, fatty acids, glycerophospholipids, hormones (cortisol, estrogen, progesterone, testosterone), various vitamins and other speech. Mineral speech, which enters the warehouse of the line, is represented by anions of chlorides, bromides, fluorides, iodides, phosphates, bicarbonates, sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, salt, midi, strontium and other cations. and easier prokovtuvannya їzhi. After oozing out with a slime, even in the mouth empty, cobs of chemical processing are carried out, in the process, as in carbohydrates, they are often hydrolyzed by α-amylase to dextrin and maltose.
Determination at the line of chemical speeches, which enter the warehouse, sprinkle with taste with a taste analyzer. Slina can stop its function, cleansing the teeth and mucous membrane of the empty mouth from bacteria and products of their metabolism, surpluses, detritus. I also play a role of immunoglobulins, which are found in the sleigh, and lysozyme. As a result of the secretory activity of the great and small sloughs, the mucous membrane of the mouth is transformed, which is necessary for the development of two-way transport of chemical speech between the mucous membrane of the mouth and the mucous membrane. Quantity, chemical warehouse and power of the line change in fallowness depending on the nature of the secretion (for example, the type of zhі), the speed of the secretion. So, when living in the oven, the tsukerok in the zmіshanіy sleen timchasovo grows rіven glucose and lactate; with stimulation of slinovidilennya in the slings, the concentration of sodium and bicarbonates increases sharply, does not change, or the level of potassium and iodine decreases, in the slings of the snails, the sprats have more rhodanides, lower in non-skins.
The chemical warehouse is weaker to the predobovyh koliva, the wine is also deposited for a long time (in people of a frail age, for example, there is a significant increase in the amount of calcium, which may be important for the treatment of dental and sloughing stone). Changes at the warehouse, lines can be associated with the use of medicinal speeches and intoxications. The warehouse of the line changes also at low pathological states and illness. So, when the body is aquatic, there is a sharp decrease in sleepiness; in case of cirrhotic diabetes, the amount of glucose increases in the sleigh; with uremia, the sleigh significantly increases instead of excess nitrogen. Changes in slinovidіlennya and zmіni at the warehouse of the sleigh lead to the destruction of etching, sickening of the teeth.
Slina, as the main source of calcium, phosphorus and other mineral elements, is injected into the enamel of the tooth for physical and chemical power, incl. for resistance to caries. With a sharp and trivial obstructive secretion of the line, for example, with xerostomia, there is an intensive development of caries of the teeth, a cariesogenic situation creates a low level of secretion of the line during an hour of sleep. In case of parodontosis in the line, it can decrease instead of lysozyme, proteinase inhibitors, increase the activity of the system of proteolytic enzymes, puddle and acid phosphatases, change instead of immunoglobulins, which can lead to exacerbation of periodontal manifestations.
Slew secretion
At the norm, in grown-up people, up to 2 liters of slime are seen for doba. The amount of secretion of the slough is uneven: it is minimal during the hour of sleep (less than 0.05 ml per quill), with an unsleeping posture, it becomes close to 0.5 ml per quill, with stimulation of the slin, the secretion of the sliver decreases to 2.3 ml per quill. The empty company has a secret, which is seen from the skin of the burrows, squirms. Zmishana slina, otherwise the oral cavity is called so, it is secreted, which is seen without intermediary from the duct of the colon, the presence of a constant microflora, which includes bacteria, fungi, spirochetes and other, and products of their metabolism, as well as the descended (leukocytes, which migrated into the empty company with the lead rank through the clear). In addition, slugs may have sputum, seen from an empty nose, erythrocytes and other.
Zmishana Slinaє viscous (at the link with the presence of glycoproteins) homeland with a pet vaga species 1001 to 1017. The acidity of the pH line to lie down in the hygienic state of the empty mouth, the nature of the hives, the secretion consistency (with a low level of secretion, the pH value shifts to the sour side, with stimulation of the slivation - to the puddle).
Sleepwalking is under the control of the autonomic nervous system. The centers of slumber vision are growing near the dovestey brain. Stimulation of parasympathetic endings great number line with a low amount of protein. Navpaki, nice stimulation to produce to the secretion of a small amount in the viscous line. Viddilennya sleen changes with stress, or the wind is practically attached to anesthesia. Stronger vision of the slug is observed when smelling and smelling stimuli, as well as after mechanical teasing with large particles of hedgehog and when chewing.
To some doctors, go to Slyny's stew:
Dentist
Yakі zahvoryuvannya pov'yazanі zі Slinoy:
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Other anatomical terms starting with the letter "C":
| spermatozoid |
| Nasіnєvi bulbashki |
| Foot |
| spleen |
| Heart |
| middle brain |
| Skeleton M'yazi |
| middle |
| Spinal cornea |
| middle wuho |
| Slyny zalozi |
| Cardiovascular system |
| Suglob |
| Skeleton |
| Somatic (pretty) nervous system |
| nice nervous system |
| Synapse |
| Sitkivka eye |
| Slizna zloza |
| auditory nerve |
| Slime shell |
| Seal ridges |
| Sim'yavividna duct |
| Sperm |
| middle finger |
| Nasіnєvy cord |
Slina has different functions: herbal, sour, bactericidal, trophic, mineralizing, immune, hormonal and other.
Slina takes part in the cob stage of etching, wetting and rozm'yakshuyuchi zhu. In the mouth emptying under the action of the enzyme -amylase, splitting into carbohydrates occurs.
Zahisna funkt_ya lyagaє in the fact that, washing the surface of the tooth, the oral cavity constantly changes its structure and warehouse. With this sloughing, glycoproteins, calcium, proteins, peptidates and other speech are deposited on the surface of the enamel of the tooth, so that the spleen is healed - the peliculum, which transfers organic acids to the enamel. Krym tsgogo, slina protects tissues and organs of the empty company from mechanical and chemical infusions (mucins).
Slina vikonu also immune function for the rachunok synthesized by the sinuses of the empty mouth of the secretory immunoglobulin A, as well as immunoglobulin C, D and E of the gray-wool-like action.
Non-specific powers of volatility of the following proteins: lysozyme (hydrolyzes β-1,4-glycoside linkage of polysaccharides and mucopolysaccharides, which avenges muramic acid, in the cells of microorganism), lactoferin (takes part in the rіznіh rіznіh rіzmіv).
Small phosphoproteins, histatins and staterins play an important role in antimicrobial activity. Cystatins, as inhibitors of cysteine proteinases, may play a role in igniting oral emptying processes.
Mucins trigger a specific interaction between the wall of bacterial cells and complementary galactoside receptors on the membrane of epithelial cells.
The hormonal function of the snail is due to the fact that the sinus ridges produce the hormone parotin (salivaparotin), which is a mineralization agent of the hard tissues of the tooth.
The mineralizing function of the line may be important in maintaining homeostasis in the empty mouth. Mouth cavity is variant, interspersed with calcium and phosphorus, which underlie its mineralizing function. When the line is filled with calcium ions and phosphorus, there is diffusion from the empty mouth into the tooth enamel, which ensures “maturation” (strengthening of the structure) and growth. Qi mechanisms change the exit of mineral speeches from tooth enamel, tobto. її demineralization. For the growth of the permanent density of the enamel with the chins, there is an increase in the thickness of the enamel of the tooth with a century, a decrease in the variability, which ensures a greater high caries resistance of the permanent teeth of the people of the frail age in comparison with the young.
3. Warehouse for the secret of long vines.
Close to 98% of the mass of the slimy secret becomes water; 2% dry surplus, close to 2/3 of what becomes organic speech, 1/3 mineral.
To the mineral components of the line see cations: calcium, potassium, sodium, magnesium, silicon, aluminium, zinc, salt, copper and other, as well as anions: chloride, fluoride, iodide, bromide, rhodanide, bicarbonate and other.
The amount of calcium in the sleigh becomes 1.2 mmol/l. In this case, the majority (55-60%) of the total calcium of the slug is transferred to the ionized steel, otherwise 40-45% of the total calcium is found with the proteins of the slug. In combination with certain organic components, excess calcium salts can be deposited on the teeth, making tartar, which plays a special role in the development of periodontal disease.
In the sleigh, the station is constantly exposed to hydroxiapatites, and during hydrolysis, ions Ca 2+ and HPO 4 2- are established. The transfer of hydroxiapatites is also characteristic of the blood for the whole organism as a whole, which allows it to regulate the warehouse of mineralized tissues.
Slina has more high mineralization, lower roofs, shards of water are oversaturated with hydroxiapatites by 4.5 times, and blood - by 2-3.5 times. It has been shown that in particular with multiple caries of the feet, the overcrowding with hydroxiapatites is 24% lower, lower in caries-resistant. With caries, sodium in the sleigh decreases, and chlorine increases. The amount of potassium and sodium in the sleigh is significantly changed by the stretch of the doby.
The slut has 0.4-0.9 mmol/l magnesium. From the vіkom vmіst magnesium at the line zbіlshuєtsya.
With the help of fluorine, which enters to the deposition of the line, the building can kill the bacterial flora, and also turn on to the deposition of dental plaque and fluorapatite of the tooth enamel.
The concentration of inorganic iodine in the sleigh is approximately 10 times higher, lower in blood spleen, scallops of the slough concentrate iodine, which is necessary for the synthesis of hormones in the thyroid slough.
The sleigh has rodanides. Їх вміст at the sleigh is significantly different, but the stench is not revealed in the sleigh. It is important that rhodanides defeat their function, that is why peroxidases are activated by halogens, so that they take part in the metabolism of peroxide spores. Shards instead of rhodanides in the sleigh outweigh them in other biological motherlands, it is customary to take into account that the sleigh concentrates rhodanides. This fact is won over by judicial medicine.
Etching starts in the empty mouth, destructing mechanically and chemically. Mechanical processing polygaє at podrobnnі їzhі, soaking її sleu and molded grub breast. Chemical treatment vydbuvaetsya for the rahunok of enzymes, which are to be found in the sleigh.
At the empty mouth, the ducts of three pairs of great sloughs fall into: pharyngeal, podschelepnyh, pod'yazykovyh and impersonal other sloughs, which are found on the surface of the tongue and in the mucous membrane of the underside and cheek. Navkolovushny pods and pods, roztashovanny on the bіchnih surfaces of the tongue, - serous (white). Your secret is to avenge rich water, protein and salt. Creepers, rotting on the roots of the tongue, hard and soft bottoms, can be seen to slimy sloughs, the secret of which is to avenge the rich mucin. Pіdshelepnі i pіd'yazychnі zalozi є zmіshanimi.
Warehouse and power of the line
In a grown-up person, 0.5-2 liters of slime are settled for doba. Її pH is good 68-74. Slina is made up of 99% water and 1% dry excess. Dry surplus of ideas by inorganic and organic speeches. Among inorganic speeches - anion chlorides, bicarbonates, sulfates, phosphates; sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium cations, and navit microelements: salt, copper, nickel and others. Organic speech is represented more importantly by proteins. White slime mouth mucin gluing the okrem parts of the їzhі i formє grub breast. The main enzymes of the line alpha amylase ( breaks down starch, glycogen and other polysaccharides to disaccharide maltose) and maltase ( split into maltose and break down to glucose).
Other enzymes (hydrolases, oxidoreductases, transferases, proteases, peptidases, acidic and alumina phosphatases) were also detected in small numbers in sleighs. This is how white speech is avenged lysozyme (muramidase), may be bactericidal.
Line functions
Slina vikonu such functions.
Herbal function - more has been said about her.
excretory function. At the warehouse, you can see some exchange products, such as sechovin, sechoic acid, medicinal speech (quinine, strychnine), as well as speech that has entered the body (mercury salts, lead, alcohol).
Zahisna function. Slina can be bactericidal for zavdyaki instead of lysozyme. Building mucin neutralizes acids and fumes. The sleigh has a large number of immunoglobulins (IgA), which protect the organism from pathogenic microflora. In the sleigh, speech was revealed, which is visible to the blood collection system: blood collection factors, which ensure macular hemostasis; speech, which pereskodzhayut blood pharynx and may fibrinolytic activity, as well as speech, which stabilizes fibrin. Slina protects the mucous membrane of the oral cavity from drying out.
Trophic function. Slina є zherelom calcium, phosphorus, zinc on the molding of enamel teeth.
Sleep regulation
In case of suppuration in the mouth empty, the mechano-, thermo- and chemoreceptors of the mucous membrane are teased. The damage to these receptors is located at the center of the slumber vision in the dovetail brain. Efferent way of representations by parasympathetic and sympathetic fibers. Acetylcholine, which is seen with teasing parasympathetic fibers that innervate the lining of the eyes, produces a large number of thin lines, as a way to avenge a lot of salts and little organic speech. Norepinephrine, which is seen with teasing sympathetic fibers, calls for a small amount of thick, viscous slime, which avenges little salt and richly organic speeches. That's how I can get adrenaline. Incl. painful teasing, negative emotions, rozum's tension rattle the secretion of the slough. Substance P, on the other hand, stimulates the secretion of the snail.
Dream vision is not only created for the help of insane, but also mental reflexes. The sight and smell of hedgehog, the sounds associated with the preparation of hedgehog, as well as other imitations, as if the stench used to fall with the reception of hedgehog, rozmov that spogad about їzhu call out mentally-reflexive dreaming.
Yakіst i kіlkіst sleigh, scho vіdokremlyuєєtsya, stale vіd features of grub diet. For example, if I take a sleen, it may be possible. In the sleigh, which is seen on the frying speech, there is a significant amount of enzymes, there is a lot of mucin. When you get into the mouth empty of unnatural speeches, which are seen, you can see a slime of a rіdka and a bagat, bіdna with organic slugs.
Important value may functional activity of the slender vines themselves.
Її reduction may cause low serious negative consequences:
1) The steps are lowered by washing the teeth with a slough.
2) Self-cleaning of the mouth emptying;
3) Changes in the vision of mineral speeches from the mine,
which negatively influences homeostasis in empty mouths.
In case of lack of vitamin A - decreased secretion of the sinuses (order of xerophthalmia, dry skin)
1) The herb is secretory
The etching process starts from the mouth empty, de їzha is analyzed behind the savory warehouse, refined and prepared for further transportation and chemical processing. The important role of this graє slin. The slea envelops the skin and flutters around it when chewing, in order to crush the grub's breast with soft and slimy, adventitious for caulking. In addition, the sleen in the mouth is empty vikonu function of grass juice. Behind the rahunok is quiet, scho to roam in the sleigh amylase, maltase, a small number of various peptidases take care of the first stage of hydrolysis of carbohydrates and proteins. If you want to be in the empty mouth for a non-trivial hour (15-30 seconds), the aloe diya tsikh enzymes of the line continue to be more often in the shell.
The slyna is known to be accessible to the taste receptors and cym pours on appetite, which may be important for further stages of etching, zocrema, for seeing shlunkovogo and intestinal juices. Ale, the meaning of the line is not exhausted.
The impaired secretory function of the ligaments is accompanied by a change in the functions of the ligament.
Pathology of secretion slant veins appear for the big ones number of produced slugs (hypersialia, ptialism, sialorrhea), or yogo change(hyposialia, oligoptialism), right up to the total attachment of the slumber (asialiya), as well as the changes in the warehouse of the slough.
Cause hypersialismє reflex without intermediary stimulation of the centers of sleviformation. Reflex stimulation of sleep vision may be caused by supra-mundane stimulation of M-cholinergic receptors in the empty mouth, duct and intestines. In case of ailments of the teeth, gingivitis, stomatitis, whether there is any movement of superfluous afferent impulses from the receptors of the empty mouth along the sensitive fibers of the lingual (triangular nerve), lingua-pharyngeal nerve, tympanic string (facial nerve) and superior laryngeal nerve (b) slinovidіl center, mixed in a dovetailed brain and zbjuє yoga.
The peculiarities of the sinuses are those that stench can cause sub-innervation, that call not antagonistic, but synergistic action. Stimulation of sleep vision is possible with the activation of both sympathetic and parasympathetic systems. With a nice teasing, one sees a thick, viscous sleen at small obsyagi. With certain emotional states, which are accompanied by the activation of the sympathetic system, zokrema, with the spasms of anger, a stronger secretion of the line is guarded. This is the name of psychogenic secretion. And all the same, the system is parasympathetic main role in stimulation of the secretion of the sinuses. It is parasympathetic to stimulate the sloughs to bring out the sloughs that you see. The axis of why the introduction of cholinomimetics (pilocarpine, prozerin), teasing the drum string (chordae timpani) are accompanied by strong dream visions.
Hypersalivation is also observed in quiet depressions, if the central structures of the brain are irritated, so that the regulation of synovidilence is disturbed. Ce nasampered slinovidilny center of the dovgasty medulla, hypothalamus, amygdala complex, zone of the sylvian furrow of the measles of the brain, the region of the olfactory medulla.
Increased secretion of the slug may also be indicative of hyperestrogenism in patients with toxicosis of vaginess. The increase in the secretion of the line is called by some kind of medicinal speeches - anticholinesterase drugs, nicotine, drugs that purify iodine.
Symptomatic hypersalivation develops with poisoning with lead, mercury, as well as with barbiturates, fighting or butting speeches, which give muscarin and nicotinomimetic diyu, a fly agaric mushroom, and deaky roslins (ivy, tyutyun, akonit dzhungarsky).
In some ailments, increased salivation manifests itself during the period of adaptation to winter plate prostheses.
At the edge of lonely valleys, congenital forms of sialorrhea grow. Before them lie Glazer's syndrome, if aphids of atypical neuralgia of the facial nerve are afraid of slyness, tearing, undead; Crey-Levy syndrome, which is characterized by hypersecretion of slough, mucus, shell juice, a breakdown in the exchange of chloride and calcium.
It is necessary to revitalize the right hypersialia in the presence of a fever. So, ailments with bulbar paralysis can succumb to the promotion of seeing a slug. Cі skargi lie in the form of a filthy carpet, it is true that the number of sheds is normal. More zakovtuvannya slings are afraid of parkinsonism, which will help to relieve hypersalivation.
In case of hypersalivation, the amount of slough that is water-creamed, in a grown-up person can reach 10 liters and more for production, the amount of 0.5-2.0 liters. Hypersalivation, which trivally abated, leads to significant changes in water exchange, use of salts, especially potassium, and also to hypoproteinemia in connection with the second large amount of protein, which is found in the line. In case of triple hypersalivation, sloughing etching is often caused, shards of increased secretion of neutral sludge can lead to the neutralization of slunk juice and a decrease in yogo zdatnost, which is over-etched. In case of hypersalivation, the entire mucus does not wrap, but turns into names, calling out maceration of the skin and inflammation of the mucous membrane of the lips. At one time, in a number of mood swings, hypersalivation develops as a zahisno-pristosuvalna reaction. In the same way, the body can be seen from the blood with various toxic speech exotates of endogenous excitation. For example, among workers employed in shkidlivih virobnitstvah (lakofarbovі, galvanic shops), in ailments from the dust, lack of nirok.
More often than not, the doctor is brought to watch for the sick, in whom hyposialia develops. Decreased slant vision may be necessary in case of anomalies in the development of the development of the sloughs themselves. Happily, in the wake of the development, the natural presence of the slender vines is more rarely streaked, and the aloe and the sills are especially unacceptable. As far as the developed pathology of the sinuses, there may be a different nature. Tse i traumatic ushkodzhennya sluni zaloz, i dystrophic changes in parenchyma zmeni zaloz of non-inflammatory genesis, so called sialosis. Sialosi can be both primary and secondary.
Primary sialosis - dystrophic damage to the ligaments, in which it is impossible to know the anterior pathology. The most characteristic representative of the primary sialosis is Sjogren's ailment. For example, the symptomatology characteristic of Sjogren's disease is manifested in aphids of some kind of infamous infection of the body, for example, rheumatoid arthritis, to say about Sjogren's syndrome. Sjogren's ailment is more important in women older than 45 years. Etiology and pathogenesis and pathology are few. Be aware that the illness may have an autoimmune character. Autoimmune process is important to cause death, destruction of cells of the parenchyma of the sinuses. One of the main manifestations of Sjogren's disease (syndrome) is a sharp decrease in the secretion of the slime, which comes from the dryness of the mucous eyes.
Secondary sialosis - dystrophic damage to the parenchyma of the sinuses, which is blamed on aphids, which are pathologies, which are in the body. It can be an infection - tuberculosis, syphilis, or an autoimmune disease - rheumatism, systemic red dog, scleroderma, or an endocrine pathology - circulatory diabetes, or an illness of a plump nature - leukemia, lymphogranulomatosis.
True, at the early stages of the development of sialosis, hypersalivation is possible for a sympathetic type, if one is careful to increase strength in the viscous, thick and viscous line. It is nice to hyperstimulate quickly until secretion is released, and hyposalivation is further guarded.
Ale, the most common pathology of sinuses and fuses cіaladenіti . The stench can be hostile, chronic, with a different etiology: viral, bacterial, mycotic, they can pick up one, a sprat of worms. The stench may be the mother's primary character, or it may suddenly develop as a result of some other pathological process, which develops on the cob in the folds and causes alteration and impaired functions. Impairment of the secretory function of the disease in ailments on sialadenitis caused by the collapse of the parenchyma, to that, with this form of pathology, the manifestation of the depression of slumbering develops only in the late stage, or in the period of acute illness during the illness
A sharp decrease in salivation may be a month and with sialolithiasis, slenokam'yanoy ailment if there is a partial or permanent obstruction of the duct of a few sloughs.
I, nareshti, slant vines can be affected by a plump process.
Such a rank, the zmennia of the second, with the forms of the pathology of the Slung, was the same as the result of the zone, the secret to the secret of the very hazard of the atrophic nitrous snakes at Zalozi, the puhlini of the slunas, the Vyvezni was omnil. , otherwise the secretion of the secretory nerves of the ligaments.
Impaired secretory function of the sinuses endocrine function. From the ridges, a number of hormonal speeches are seen from the ridge, which are of the greatest interest nerve growth factor, epidermal growth factor, parotin-S. Nervous growth maker, zocrema, necessary for normal embryonic development of sympathetic nerves. Vin is also a strong endogenous anti-inflammatory agent. Its activity was higher in 1000 times, lower in indomethacin, the most active non-steroidal antiseptic drug. Nerve growth factor contributes to the processes of hyperplasia and hypertrophy in the young adults themselves.
epidermal growth factor necessary for the regeneration of the epidermis and dermis, taking part in the regeneration of cells in the mucous membrane of the gastroduodenal region, liver. Parotin-S reduce the level of calcium in the blood and increase the growth and aging of teeth, cystic and cartilaginous tissue. Parotin is also attributed to insulin-like action - a decrease in the level of glucose in the blood. Patients with diabetes often have hypertrophy of the sinuses, which is seen as a compensatory reaction.
2)
Crimea herbal functions of the line for the safety of over-etching into carbohydrates (starch)
three main functions mineralization, demineralization and remineralization of enamel teeth:
1) Mineralizing function: in Lіyanієna penetrability of enamel, mineralization of teeth, "ripening" of enamel after protrusion, improvement of the optimal warehouse of enamel, yoga renewal after damage and ailment
2) zahisna function: protection of the organs of the empty company from the shkidlivy infusion of the factors of the ovnishny middle;
3) cleansing role: post-mechanical and chemical cleaning of an empty company in the presence of excess water, microflora, detritus thinly.
3) In addition, the line is vikonu additional functions:
4) Throwing in blood.
5) Antibacterial the function of the line is provided by lysozyme, lactoperoxidase and other proteins of a protein nature. The stench can be bacteriostatic and bactericidal. Dzherelami tsikh rechovins є slinnі zalozi and clear motherland (PMYAL).
6) KOS support
Let's take a look at the report of these functions.
VERTULATIONAL AND FIBRINOLITIC ACTIVITY OF SALIVATION
The throat and fibrinolytic activity of the slug is also important in the physiology and pathology of the empty mouth.
1) Components pharyngeal system Key words: thromboplastin, half-way, which enters the prothrombin complex (prothrombin, factor V, VII, X), as well as inhibitors of fibrinolysis.
2) Components anti-throat system: antithrombin substance, fibrinase enzyme, fibrinolytic compounds (plasminogen activator and proactivator, plasmin (fibrinolysin)).
For periodontal disease vіdbuvaєtsya increased fibrinolytic activity of the line. This is one of the mechanisms that protect the resistance of tissues, wash, and saturate cleansing from aggravated epithelial cells, fibrinous rashes, etc.
In general, oral secretions with hemocoagulant and fibrinolytic activity are important for offensive processes:
1) ensuring muscle homeostasis,
2) immunological reactions,
3) cleansing of the oral cavity from the layers of the non-desquamated epithelium;
4) fibrinolytic enzymes promote tissue durability to hypoxia;
5) fibrinolytic activity of the sleigh ahead of damage to microcirculation in periodontal tissues, it favors the development of thrombosis;
6) local fibrinolysis of bandages by mechanisms transcapillary exchange.
Mineralizing function of the sleigh
one). For її vykonannya, the presence of one is necessary, even more importantly authoritatively. To the right in what is a slip structured colloid system, because to її warehouse enter mucin and other superficially active speech. In case of caries of the teeth, after taking in carbohydrates, it breaks down and the structuring of the oral cavity decreases, the mineralizing potential of the line decreases. Otzhe, ruined rarely I will become crystal clear be accompanied by a decrease in mineralizing powers
2). The mineralizing function of the oral cavity is affected cross-linking with calcium ions and hydrogen phosphate. They, which determine the mineralization function of the line, enter the warehouse colloid micelles calcium phosphate, which ensures its stability in the cross-sectioned steel and creates a friendly mind for the penetration of remineralizing components in tooth enamel. Pіdtryannja peresichennosti oral rіdini Ca 2+ ions and hydrophosphate zdіysnyuєtsya zavdjaki zv'yazkіv Ca 2+ with proteins - sedimentation inhibitors.
3). Since the pH is the main natural regulator of homeostasis in an empty mouth, then the change in pH can be directly added to the stability of the colonic micelles. The mineralizing function of the line is being strengthened under service and fall sharply at low pH.
1. When acidified the number of HPO 4 2 decreases and the concentration of ions H 2 PO 4 (dihydrophosphate) increases. Qi ioni potential-signature in micelles. (Ca 3 (RO 4) 2, Sanro 4, Ca (H 2 RO 4) 2 refurbishment in the order of increase in retail).
2. Service mouth cavity to produce up to the displacement of phosphate-ions RO 4 3-, which is added to the warehouse of micelles, in which it is important to establish the distribution of calcium phosphate - Ca 3 (RO 4) 2. In this way, the service of the oral cavity sprays the damaged process of mycelium and can be the cause of the formation of tartar. Є vіdomosti, scho in osіb іz tartar pH value of the line is increased.
four). The mineralizing function of the oral cavity is rich in why it should be deposited in the stability of the columnar micelles. change to the charge of micelle granules and tovshchina of hydrated shell leading to a decrease in the stability of the koloidnyh particles. Changing the storage of micelles, which can be reduced to a decrease in stability, can be guarded for a significant increase in concentration electrolytic components in the sleigh, in that number of dominant cations - Na+ and K+. When it is possible to move mycelium to the isoelectric camp.
5). The pits of demineralization appear on the enamel of the teeth for 23 days during the process in carbohydrate targeting in particular, they did not conduct a hygienic watch over the empty mouth. This is explained by the damage to the structural power of the line at the link with the transition of micelles in the isoelectric mill and the lowering of their resistance.
In this way, the acidification of pH and the concentration of electrolytic components of the line, which go beyond the interphysiological norms, is guilty either to a decrease in the stability of micelles and their sedimentation, or to the destruction of the process of mycelization. With this, the health of the oral cavity is used to increase Ca 2+ ions and hydrogen phosphate in the crossed mill, which leads to structural changes and a decrease in the mineralizing potential.
oral pH(Zmishanoy line - the secret of sloughing, clear and tissue line, which diffuses through the mucous membrane of the empty mouth) in healthy people, the average is 7.1 (6.8-7.5). Neutral reaction is important pH = 7, sleen is neutral or weak. Such a response of the line is supra-lingually important for the optimal health of the teeth and soft tissues of the oral cavity.
pH sliny 7.25 + 0,02.
At pH 6.0 and lower watch out for the visible demineralizing effect of enamel. The sour reaction of the line is sour, almost like a red wine. Decreased pH should be of a local nature: lower pH values are observed over the line, and dental plaque, sediment of the line, carious empty spaces and others.
Slina plays a great role in supporting the normal state of the bodies of the prosecutor's office and the tissue of an empty company. It seems that during hyposalivation, and especially xerostomia (existence of the slough), inflammation of the mucous membrane of the mouth develops rapidly, and after 3-6 months, there is a multiplicity of damage to the teeth by caries. The presence of the mouth cavity makes it easier to chew and write. The functions of the line are different, but the main ones are herbal and zahisna.
Herbal function and nasampered are seen in molded and forged grub breasts. In addition, even in the empty mouth, the first processing and signs of manifestation in the slings are observed.
Zahisna function zdіysnyuєtsya zavdyaki raznomanіtnostі authorities of the line. Inflammation and covering of the mucous membrane with a ball of mucus (mucin) protects against hanging, fixing cracks and influx of mechanical subdivisions. Zahisna funktіya zdіysnyuєtsya shlyah chistanija (zmivannya) the surface of the teeth and the mucous membrane of the mouth in the form of microorganisms and products of their metabolism, surpluses, detritus. Important in its bactericidal power of sleen, zdijsnyuvane zadyaki di enzymes (lysozyme, lipase, RNase, DNase, opsonin, leukin and others.).
The role of pharyngeal and fibrinolytic building is important for the healthy functioning of the body. The line has thromboplastin, antiheparin substance, prothrombin, activator and inhibitor of fibrinolysin. Speech, which may have hemocoagulative and fibrinolytic activity, plays an important role in the maintenance of muscular homeostasis, and in the process of regeneration of the mucosal membrane. The buffer capacity of the line, which neutralizes the empty mouth of acid and meadow, is also a manifestation of the defense mechanism. I, nareshti, an important role is played by immunoglobulins, which are avenged by the sleigh.
Mineralizuyucha delin. It is also one of the mechanisms of the protective function of the line. At the heart of the line are the mechanisms that transfer the output of the enamel and її components and absorb the need of such components from the line into the enamel.
Calcium in the sleigh is rebuying like an ionic, and knitted steel. It is important to note that the average 15% of calcium binds with proteins, close to 30% of complex bonds with phosphates, citrates and others. and less than 5% calcium is taken from the ionic station.
At this time, it was established that the oral cavity for normal minds (pH 6.8-7.0) is crossed with calcium and phosphorus. It deserves special respect for the fact that the intensity of variability of hydroxiapatite enamel in the oral cavity significantly increases with a decrease in pH. Yak showing V.K. Leontiev, although at a pH of the mouth cavity of 6.8 it is crossed by calcium, then at a pH of 6.0 the mouth cavity becomes calcium deficient. Qi data indicate how to induce cob cob pH. on their own, they are not capable of causing demineralization, they can actively add to the support of a dynamic, even tooth enamel, so that the tooth enamel takes on a steel structure with an uninterrupted replacement of the ionic warehouse with hydroxide and fluorapatite.
The physical and chemical steel of the enamel will be deposited in the warehouse and the chemical will become the most common oral cavity. The main factor in the stability of enamel apatite in the line is pH and the concentration of calcium, phosphate and fluoride in the soil.
In this rank, the oral cavity is a collapsible middle and performs a number of important functions. The whole labile middle ground, and on the yogo kіlkіsny and yakіsny warehouse pour in a number of factors and minds, but nasampered - the camp of the body. Over the years, the secretory function of the great and small sinuses changes. There is a disruption of sleviformity in gostrihs and a number of chronic illnesses. So, one of the most important diagnostic signs of foot-and-mouth disease is the epidemiological sight of a slug (up to 7-8 liters per doba). In case of hepatocholecystitis, hyposalivation is indicated, and ailments can cause dryness in the empty mouth. In case of diabetes mellitus, glucose was increased in the oral cavity.
The great injection into the warehouse of that power of the oral cavity is given to the hygienic camp of the oral cavity. Погіршення догляду за ротовою порожниною призводить до збільшення нальоту на зубах, підвищення активності ряду ферментів (фосфатази, аспарагінова трансаміназа), збільшення осаду слини, швидкого розмноження мікроорганізмів, що створює умови, особливо при частому прийомі вуглеводів, для продукування органічних кислот і зміни концентрації pH.
Zahisnі mekhanіzmi sliny against carієsu. At this time, it has been established that the slina can manifest a proticarial disease, which is manifested in the bred and bred tsukrіv food products neutralization of acids in dental plaque, safe process of demineralization of tooth enamel
It was established that after the intake of solids in the empty mouth in carbohydrates, the concentration of glucose in the sleigh decreases, moreover, it is easy on the cob, and then it is correct. Great is the significance of its richness of slinovidilennya - the stronger slantovidilennya with the introduction of carbohydrates. It is important that the sleepiness is not made until the fluoride is removed, shards of stench appear on the surfaces of the hard and soft tissues of the empty mouth, waving for a long time. It is important to note that the main mechanism of proticariosis fluoride is to maintain the balance between de and remineralization on the residual measles. As a result of the research carried out at stay rocky, It has been established that this mechanism is realized at apparently low concentrations of fluoride in the sleigh.
Injection of the line for early vision of glucose is not the only mechanism for reducing the incidence of caries. The proticariosis effect of the line is more pronounced in the neutralization and buffering effect, which is mainly provided by the line's bicarbonate. It has been established that the concentration of hydrocarbonates in stimulated slings is significantly higher, lower in non-stimulated ones. Why is it so obvious that a stronger slinovidilennya safe lowering the pH of dental plaque.
The slime is crossed with calcium ions, phosphorus and hydroxide, which form the basis of the tooth tissue. The degree of translucency is greater in a rare phase of dental plaque, which is in direct contact with the surface of the tooth. The interspersion of the line with ions, which form the basis of the tissues of the tooth, ensures their supply to the tissues, which is the destructive force of mineralization. Intersections of the camp with ions of calcium, phosphorus and hydroxiapatite change, and then we learn with a decrease in the pH of the dental plaque.
A number of slings take part in the remineralization of subsurface balls of enamel. Molecules of statherin and acidic, rich in proline proteins, as well as a number of phosphoproteins, which bind calcium with a decrease in pH in dental plaque, increase calcium and phosphorus in a rare phase of dental plaque, which promotes remineralization.
Of the other proticarious mechanisms, we should note the adoption of spitting (pelicules) on the surface of the enamel of the sloughing. Tsya smelting changes the penetration of acids in the tooth and the exit of calcium and phosphorus from the tooth (div. section 6.5).
