What does "facsimile call" mean? Facsimile call - from the wine road to the present day

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Rozuminnya podomlennya Communication is the act of transferring ideas and attitudes from one person to another. However, communication can be a mother of a place, but only as a leader and possessor may still be, for them, the symbolic meaning that is victorious.

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Fax call (facsimile communication) - the process of remote transmission of non-violent images to the text. The main function is the transfer of documents from the paper sheets of the authorities to the paper sheets of the holders. As such, documents can include texts, armchairs, little ones, diagrams, photographs, etc. In fact, the facsimile transmission method is used for remote copying of documents. Fax call is available for additional fax machines.

Facsimile machine for the XX century. Looking forward to breaking up in the AT&T lab G.I. Ivsom for the participation of G. Nyquist. Apparatus for public presentations, 1924

In the 1930s. in the Soviet Socialist Republic was created by the state of phototelegraph equipment, which victorious photographic methods and materials for recording images. When I developed the photo paper, I saw an image that was a copy of the transmitted photo telegram. In Nіmechchinі similar equipment is small called bіldtele-graph, in the USA - telefax, teleautograph. Phototelegraph mayzhe immediately began to win transmissions no less than phototelegrams. Yogo began to win in cartography, the transfer of newspaper sleepers with a decentralized friend of newspapers.

Later, they took away the development of other, photographic, methods for recording images on the receiving side, and as a channel for communication, not only telegraph, but telephone lines and radio communications began to be victorious. That is why the term “phototelegraphic call”, which was previously zastosovuvsya, for the recommendation of the International Advisory Committee for Telephony and Telegraphy (CCTT) in 1953. buv zamineny more zagalnym - "facsimile call".

It is important that the facsimile call is made by electronic mail and by other means of transferring files, that it is your fault to give up your money more modern methods zv'azku. However, the role of today's business does not change. Crim of transverse clarity and simplicity of this kind of communication, chimala role in this situation is the breadth of facsimile machines. A lot of organizations continue to exploit the equipment by virtue of the rooted tradition - the transition to other methods of communication of the capital gains and the training of personnel. More modern faxes are more oriented towards the most excellent paper - there is a major claim to faxes in the past, due to the non-handedness of the copying of the thermal paper.

Facsimile call is not only richer for express mail or courier delivery; Won mayzhe have all vipadkah schey and richly cheap. Facsimile call can be both individual and collective (corporate) correspondence.

Attachment and principle to the facsimile machine. What is a telefax from a technical point of view? In fact, a whole bunch of different outbuildings, like combined in one. The facsimile machine is functionally composed of the following main parts:

• a scanner that ensures the reading of information from the arch of paper and the introduction of yoga into the electronic part of the device;
• receiving and transmitting electronic part, which ensures the transmission of notification to the addressee and to the receiving notification from another subscriber;
• a printer, which other accepts the introduction of a roll or a great paper on the arcade;
• vuzlіv telephone set - dialer, handset.

The current fax machine for a specific fax transmission session can be used as a receiver or a transmitter. A modem is used as a receiving-transfer block, which uses the internal method of presenting the original in electronic form and the method of presenting information for transmission by a telephone line to serve as a modem.

Facsimile call includes a dekilka of the main operations. The first one is used in the last one - point by point - the image is transformed into a series of electric impulses, which carry information about the originals. It is necessary to scan the external image. Zagalom tsyu operation called razgortkoy. Further zdіysnyuєtsya transfer tsikhіpulsіv liniї zv'yazku. The receiving equipment is placed in the same sequence of the reverse transformation (a bunch of images) and the recording is made at the receiving annex, as a result, a copy of the image that is being transmitted will come out.

The speed of transmission of facsimile information by telephone communication channels lies at the borders of 4 800-28 800 bits / s (CCITT standard V.34); with the choice of digital channels, the possibility of compressing information, the speed of transmission, is 64,000 b/s.

The facsimile link is blocked in bulk and such methods of recording the image were blocked.

• Photographic - recording is carried out by a lamp of light, the clarity of which is modulated by a video signal, on a light-sensitive material (sound - photopaper).
• Electrochemical - in a new place, a special paper is installed, which changes the color when an electric stream is passed through a new one (in this case, the veins pass between two point electrodes, and a video signal is sent to them).
• Dashed, otherwise inky - like a victorious papyrus, the recording is recorded with a roller, smeared with farboy, or with an ink pen, the position of which is indicated by an electromagnet, to which a video signal is sent. It is also possible to mechanically conduct with an electromagnet through a copy paper.
• Thermodruk - as if wearing papyrus, it becomes darker when heated, but pours into the new in such a time the vibrance of infrared light.
• Strumeneviy or laser druk.

More and more wide-ranging ways to receive faxes are being recorded when viewing a graphic file on a computer, a file server or a memory of a specialized device, so you won’t be able to save up to a request for a visualization or another.

Images transmitted at the borders of a facsimile link, as well as facsimile machines, are divided into 3 main groups.

• Black-and-white - revenge two gradations of optical width (sound black and white colors to the original). Manuscripts, armchairs, maps, images of newspaper spatulas and typewritten text are brought up to them. For the representation of the vividness of a particular element of the image, a bit is enough. Recorded with sufficient accuracy and accuracy, be it with the recording methods that were victorious at the facsimile link.
• Napіvtonovі - to sing a little gradation of brilliance. So, for example, artistic photographs, for the creation of such it is necessary to be able to transmit at least 8-12 degrees of optical width. Pleasant quality can only be reached by a photographic method of transmission.
• Colors - are modified in the form of a navtone image, for transmission of one channel of optical width, three victors are used - I, b and V. Attached is the principle of їkhnyoї dії when burning an image similar to color scanners. The creation of a color image in them is created by an inkjet printer.

Fax settings.

• Expand the image that is being transmitted. The standard image format is 220 x 290 mm, when transferring newspaper sleepers, it becomes 422 x 600 mm.
• Fax speed, which are won by a small number of rows, which are passed on for quills. When transmitting images over telephone and radiotelephony channels, standardized speed is 60, 120 and 250 rows per line. The transfer of newspaper sleepers is carried out on the basis of 178, 1500 or 2250 rows per piece of wool.
• clarity, or Razdіlna zdatnіst, characterizes the clarity of the creation of the smallest details of the image. Vymiryuєtsya maximum number of lines, which fall on 1 mm of the length of the row, yakі okremo (not angry) priymachem. The value of readability for standard facsimile machines is 5 lines per 1 mm, and the equipment for transmitting newspaper sleepers is 13 to 16 lines.
• Number of gradations - for navtonovy devices: scaling of gradation of optical thickening can be seen on the accepted copy.
• Hour of transmission of the image. It should be made (deeply in the form of fast transmission): for the format 220*290 mm - from 6 to 25 min., for newspaper smuga - from 2.8 to 50 min.

The facsimile machines can automatically set the data transfer speed to the remote, as if receiving a telefax or a channel, the call is insufficiently clear - in the channel, for example, high rіven pereshkod. At these vipads, the back is inserted, ring as much as possible, the speed of transmission is reduced, the docks will not be reached by receiving notifications, confirmation by receiving telefax.

With the capabilities of the receiving fax machine, you should select the maximum length of the document that is accepted: some types of machines will not be interchanged, and if you transfer a document to such a machine too soon, you will not be accepted.

Fax machine services:

• availability to the mode of copying documents; more telefaxes to make copies of documents with great security - up to 10 copies / min (in fact, the security of the robot and other building is determined);
• the presence of the handset and the possibility of switching to the voice call mode, and the other and presence of the additional telephone channel, which allows one hour with the transmission of a fax to send a message;
• the presence of auto-reporting, which allows you to oversell to the line before the recording of the notification, allowing you to accept that savings from the notification for a distant listening;
• "Guchny zv'yazok" - the ability to dial a number and call it with a subscriber without picking up the handset;
• the possibility of calling non-essential calls - ignoring calls that come from non-negotiable subscribers;
• possibility of connecting a fax machine to a computer

• the presence of operational and zovnishny memory;
• memory of numbers – the number of telephone numbers that are saved from the memory of telefax for recall in case of speed dialing of the priority subscriber's number;
• "memory of arches" - the number of arches of the document, the image of which may be recorded in the operational memory of the telefax for the day or not completed paper or for further transmission;
• presence of an electronic telephone dialer number and address of subscribers;
• the presence of a rare-crystal alphanumeric indicator (display), on which the current modes of operation and telefax are displayed, including the phone number that is being dialed, the speed of exchanging information, the number of the subscriber, such as setting up calls, etc.;
• the possibility of transferring notifications from the zatrimkoy (widowed transmission) and transferring to an external request;
• the possibility of making a transfer, which allows for further preparations before transferring the document to automatically transfer to subscribers at the tasks of the hour, for example, at night, if the tariffs for international and international negotiations are significantly lower;
• the possibility of sorting faxes for confidential postal screens;
• availability of automatic submission of documents to paper;
• the presence of an auto-roller, rolled paper too thinly.

Radio faxes are widely used; є rich-channel systems of radio-fax communication, which include a stationary base station and a radio-fax, which are installed in cars.

Telephonic facsimile prefixes are being issued, that handwritten notes are being handwritten and handwritten diagrams, signatures are daily, teleautographic prefixes. Such a prefix is ​​a computer and an electronic tablet, which are connected to the phone. At the hour of fax transmission, the subscriber writes on a tablet with a special pen; the text or the scheme is automatically coded and enforced by the subscriber that he accepts. It is important that such a rank conveys the signature of a distinguished individual.

Select fax machine. Telephone capabilities of fax machines can be delivered by standard ones. Practically, whether the fax model is equipped with a phone book, a memory for ten or hundreds of numbers, an auto-dial function and a dial tone system. And the axis on the presence of auto-discovery and the possibility of connecting the arborless tubes to wart the respect. Even so, the possibility is not in the skin model. Not less important characteristic- Memory capacity for saving received or ready-to-strength faxes. The greater the memory of such a memory, the better. It’s all right, as you plan to rozdrukovat not all accepted documents, but only a few of them. In addition, the presence of wet memory in telefax allows you to receive remembrances, to wind papers that have ended in the tray. A lot of modern telefaxes have an interface for connecting to a PC. In this way, you can win not only for direct recognition, but also as a printer and scanner, and send a copy by receiving and editing fax notifications through a special interface on a PC. And the axis of the possibility of working with color for telefax is not binding. Today, they won't win often, but the colorful fax machines will make a lot of money with their black and white sworn brothers. The speed of accepting and accepting other documents is important to the mind, especially for great offices. The maximum speed is provided by telefax, which is good for laser technology, with a speed of about 10 sides for a piece of paper. Other types of telefaxes are much better. Before speech, the type itself is a key characteristic of fax machines. In the midst of it, I’ll build a vartist and jointly one vodbitka without intermediary.

Inexpensive device for the office. The most accessible telefaxes are attachments that work on thermosensitive paper. Thermo-drug technology allows you to create devices that can afford a reasonable price, which makes it possible to stain on stained glass materials. These models are inspired by high arrogance, shards are as simple as possible to be mastered and prepared for technologies that have been overturned by the hour. For locking, faxes are equipped with a subscriber's number identifier, the function of speedy dialing of numbers from the notepad, and the possibility of sending a document for a delay by setting a list of telephone numbers. Ale є fax machines, which vicorist thermopapyre, and nedolіki. On such a paper, it is not possible to infringe on the color of the image, only in black and white. Until then, thermopapier is not the best wear for paperwork and the trivial collection of documents. By the time of the image, darkness and become practically unreadable. Tse sound the sphere of zastosuvannya of such outbuildings. The stench is coming for small offices, as they are faxed infrequently, or as more documents are not sent to save a long time.

Fax in A4 format. Telefax, like a victorious paper, can be different, fallow in a different way. Useful stinks require periodic replacement of stained glass materials, which will increase the versatility of the operation of such outbuildings. Then the stench may be clearly overwhelmed - the possibility of arranging documents on standard arches in A4 format. Such an option is suitable for small offices, as it is necessary to actively win and save all the documentation that is included, as well as for private corlists. One of the technologies used in such telefaxes is thermal transfer. Appliances are made on the basis of special smelting, so that when heated, it is necessary to apply an image on papyrus. Another technology is strumine, it wins out at the best printers and MFPs. Such telefaxes are cheaper for laser, prote, the need to frequently replace expensive fuel or cartridges for a larger variance of one ticket. Therefore, if you can use our devices more actively, it is better to use a laser telefax. I don’t care about the price of the building itself, the co-operation of one ticket will change. Well, for home stosuvannya or small offices, the best option is telefax, a kind of Vikoristov Strumenev technology or thermal transfer.

For business. For grand offices, when telefaxing is more important than ever, it's more advanced with laser technology. Such telefaxes are more expensive, but it’s easy to pay off for the high speed of work and the relatively low cost of the ticket. From a glance, the process of laser telefax does not work with laser printers. The image on the paper is formed by a path of applying a lot of special powder - toner. Qi particles under the action of an electric charge form an image. Then the toner will stick to the paper under the paper high temperature. Toners and light-sensitive drums need an hour or so to change, but one set of window materials is enough to make thousands of beats. And take it to heart that whether a fax machine has a copying function and can be used as a printer, the value of laser telefaxes in the office grows even more. If you want telefax, which works for laser technology, the high-roaders are getting into it, now the average price is going down step by step.

Universal option. Rich functional add-ons (MFPs) with fax function can be a good alternative to standard fax machines in small-sized premises, where a square meter of the core area can be victorious as efficiently as possible. Such a choice is relevant and in that case, as telefax is necessary in home minds. In order not to harass the application with a printer, a scanner and a telefax, you can add an MFP, like a cheap one, and it will be possible to use all the transfers of attachments. Well, the MFP has its own minuses. In the first place, the stench of the average worker is more povіlnіshe, lower okremy telefax, printer chi copy. In a different way, if the MFP is broken, the office will be left for a certain hour not only without a telefax, but without solving storage outbuildings.

The current technology of the building is such a variety of tasks that the company’s (the most advanced) rich functional add-ons can figure out as the main part of such a system, directing the optimization of documentation. The result of the implementation of the integrated approach will be the improvement of the efficiency of the work of spivrobitnikov, yak without intermediary take part in the process of documenting, so and serve yoga. Tse also allow the shortness of office meetings and the transfer of the possible future growth of the organization. Axis only dosіlshіst spozhivachіv so clearly and not razumіє, in what, vlasne, polagáє vgrash and navіscho kupuvati itself digital rich functional attachment, and not just - an inexpensive printer, analog copier, a simple fax.

Offices and personal richly functional extensions are expected to reach the young segment of the market, and the molding is still completed. However, even before the richly functional outbuildings “zapiznyuvalis” at their development, then at once printers, scanners and MFPs, based on their basis, come out practically overnight. Possibly, in the future, new solutions will be realized in the future by themselves in richly functional devices, and the more functions the stink will be taken away, the more interest will be in the calm, the skin will know for itself.

Fax call- the process of remote transmission of non-violent images to the text. Basically, facsimile typing is written for the management of documents (texts, armchairs, small prints, diagrams, photo prints) on paper noses. In fact, the facsimile transmission method is used in remote copying of documents.

The term "facsimile link" refers to transmission systems of both nautical and line documents. The facsimile communication is based on the method of transmitting the timing sequence of electrical signals, which characterizes the fidelity of all the elements of the document that are being transmitted.

The main stages of facsimile transmission are:

Scanning the image that is being transmitted, and transforming it into a sequence of electrical signals;

Transmission of electrical signals through the communication channel;

The reception of electrical signals and their transformation in that other form, necessary for the creation of the image;

Reconstruction of the image.

To arrange a facsimile call, you will need to facsimile machines(telefax) and channels zvyazku: most often telephone, less digital and radio channels.

Fax machinesє richly functional outbuildings, which, as a rule, have three components:

1. scanner, which ensures the reading of information from the original and its transformation into a sequence of electrical signals;

2. receiving and transmitting attachment(modem), which controls the function of transmitting a signal over the channel, calling and receiving signals from other subscribers;

3. Printer, that you have accepted the image of the original on paper.

The significance of such components of facsimile machines is dangerous, like a scanner and a printer, it is possible to understand what different models of facsimile machines are examined by the method of scanning, creating an image of that different building.

per image rendering method, which is determined by the type of victorious printer, facsimile machines are subdivided into thermographic, strumene, laser, electrographic, photographic, electrochemical, electromechanical.

The largest number of facsimile machines thermographic type, oskіlki at vіdnosno nevysokіy tsіnі stinks can achieve good technical characteristics, most often have a modem. However, the thermographic method, however, requires the installation of a special thermal paper, which is a good thing.

Electrographicі strumene facsimile machines can only be used for versatility, but they allow you to transcribe original papier.

Laser facsimile machines on the road. The stench will provide a distribution of up to 16 dots per 1 mm and 64 equal gray colors and have modems with a speed of transmission of information up to 14400 bit / s.

Photographic facsimile machines are more likely than others to transmit pivtoni and to make a high-rise building, and to create an expensive photographic papyrus, which signifi- cantly surrounds them.

Electrochemicalі electromechanical facsimile machines do not know a wide zastosuvannya. Electromechanical devices do not transmit pivtoniv, although vicorous paper is transcribed, and in electrochemical facsimile machines special electrochemical papier is transcribed.

Structurally, facsimile machines, like plotters, are subdivided into flatsі drums. In flat devices, documents that are being transferred are separated by sizes, and in drum devices they are only wide, which allows you to safely transfer the document in rolls.

Facsimile machines may still be service functions:

document copying mode;

Connecting a fax machine to a computer;

Availability of operational memory up to a few MB and call memory of tens of MB, which allows you to secure a number of functions, and itself: "memory of arches" (memory of the number of arches of a document, images of which can be recorded in RAM telefax for the day or for unscheduled completion of the paper or for distant transmission); “automatic notification” (transmission to the line of a pre-recorded notification, as well as receiving that saving notification for distant listening); "delivered transfer" (automatic transfer in the tasks of the hour after the date of the document prepared before transfer); "electronic dialer" number of telephone numbers; “memory of numbers”, which are the most common way to manage documents;

The presence of a rare-crystal alphanumeric indicator (display), on which the current modes of work and telefax are displayed;

Possibility of sorting faxes for confidential postal screens of subscribers;

Automatic filing of documents and paper and automatic roll paper.

When you receive fax after a call by phone to receive a fax, it is necessary to check the presence of the paper and turn on the machine.

When transferring facsimile notification is required:

1) Allow the size of the transferred document with the capabilities of the transmitting machine and the receiving fax machine, to change the document with a large-scale copy, or to transfer it in parts. Documents in standard A4 format can be accepted by telefax;

2) put the preparation before the transfer of the document on the input tray with the text down and put it on the panel of the device in the transfer quality mode;

3) make a phone call to the subscriber who needs to send a fax, and tell him about it. When the fax signal comes on, press the START button and hang up the handset.

Transmission speed facsimile information via telephone channels, call 4800 - 28 800 bit/s (CCITT V.34 standard), and with alternative digital channels, it is possible to have more high compression of information, and the speed of transmission is 64 000 bit/s.

In the wild season, the hour required for the transfer of one arch of the document, to lie down in the light of the remembrance of the arch, the nature of the image on the new, the speed of the transfer and the mode of distribution of the building.

Facsimile machines modes of separate housing:

standard- simple, divided building 100 x 200 dpi;

Fine (High) - yakіsny (high), razdіlna zdatnіst 200 x 200 dpi;

Superfine (Superhigh) high-yielding (supratemporal), which allows building 400 x 200 dpi;

Halftone (Photo)- Nap_vtonovy (photo mode), up to 64 gradations of grey.

What is the yakіsnіshy regime of the rozdіlnoї zdatnostі vikoristovuєtsya, tim greater number The point is read from the document and more than an hour is needed to read the entire document. Transferring data in Fine mode approximately increases the transmission hour for regular mode compared to Standard mode, and Superfine mode increases the hour for Chotiri Razi; in the Halftone mode, the hour of transmission is the least, in the higher times it is longer, lower in the standard mode.

A fax call can be set to enter information that is transmitted directly to the EOM for the fax modem to be obvious.

Nabeul wide facsimile, mayutalnі system of a radio facsimile link, which includes a stationary base station, and a radio facsimile, which are installed in cars.

For the transfer of handwritten notes, vicorist telephone facsimile attachments, yaki ensure the transfer of hand-picked schemes, signatures. When transmitting a fax, the subscriber writes on a notebook with a special pen: in such a way it is possible to transfer the signature of a viable individual.

Computer facsimile systemsє using a computer with a fax modem and computer peripherals. To work in this mode, the computers are equipped with a keyboard, on which you can directly dial the subscriber's phone number, as well as with a video camera and a microphone, which allow, in parallel with the exchange of a facsimile notification, to call the subscriber and speak with him.

For the exchange of information between EOM (digital devices), and facsimile machines through telephone networks (analogue communication channels), modems are installed.

Control food.

1. How is information transfer organized in an automated system?

2. Specify the classification of the channels, link, and their characteristics.

3. How to install and install types of cables for organizing communication channels?

4. Yakі linії zv'yazku vіdnosyasya to bezdrotoї merezhі, їх characteristic.

5. Assigned that block diagram to the modem.

6. Why is there a difference between an external and an internal modem. This is a characteristic.

7. What are the transmission protocols for modems?

8. How does it work and what are the steps to include a fax call?

9. What is the type of fax machine?

10. Describe the organization to receive and enforce fax support.

The field of electrical communication, which is engaged in the transmission of non-violent images by means of electrical communication channels, is called facsimile communication.

Facsimile transmission method is universal. However, it is easy to hand over images: colorful and black and white photographs, armchairs, graphics, weather maps and newspapers, microfilms and business correspondence. In the case of transfers of ink-and-white images, facsimile systems are called photo-facsimile systems; Systems that ensure the transmission of color images are called color faxes.

In all types, the principle of facsimile communication is the same and similar to the offensive one. The image is transmitted - the original - is broken into elementary maidanchiki. When the light stream falling on them, the lightness of the maidanchiks, when they are fermented (or passed through), they are converted into electric impulses, which in a singing sequence are transmitted by the channel zv'yazku. At the reception, electrical signals in the same sequence are converted to the same image elements on the same recording. The result is a copy of the image (facsimile)

Be it as an image, you can see as a collection of a great number of elements, building a different world, inspire the light that falls on them. The adoption of elementary maidanchiks (raster-elements) is seen as a rahunok moving on the surface of the image of a light exchange, created by a light-optical system. The process of relocation is called a rozgortka, as a result, such an image is divided into rows. Vidbity in the surface of the original light flow consumes a photoelectric converting device, the output electric signal of which repeats the shape of the input light flow. The knots of the transmission equipment, which ensure the destruction of the image and the photoelectric transformation, are combined into a group of attachments that are analyzed.

At the receiving device, it is necessary to reverse the transmission of electrical signals in the same sequence as in the transmission. As a result, a row of images was recorded as a copy of the transmitted. Additions, yakі zdіysnyuyut qі transformation, unite in a group of outbuildings, scho synthesize. Figure 10 1 shows the block diagram of a facsimile link

As if the image was not transmitted over the communication line, the signal from the output of the photoelectric convertor is analog, so that the video signal is uninterrupted at the same time. .

Rice. 10.1 Structural diagram of a facsimile link

In digital facsimile systems, the analog signal is quantized, sampled hourly and coded.

Significantly, there was interest in facsimile communication of a hard copying in the middle of the 60s. having decreased, the transmission of photo-telegrams could not compete with the primary telegraph (code) transmission, which was essentially playing through the rest of the transmission, blurring the frequencies and other indications. It became clear that the traditional analog methods of transmitting video signals are not good enough to improve the efficiency of facsimile recognition. Only the transition to digital methods of processing and transmitting signals, allowing a facsimile call at a given hour to occupy a number of countries dominating the middle ground of a documentary call. In our country, the objective need for a facsimile link of a confession has recently appeared equally. channels, creation and acceptance of GOST on various digital codes, which allow you to quickly transfer facsimile information. The original digital equipment for transmitting newspapers (“Gazeta-3”) is being developed,