Great sholom andriyiv analysis. Problems of psychology and sense of life in the descriptions of "Great Sholom", "Zhili-Buli", "Telling about Sergiy Petrovich", "Dumka
M. Gorky vvazhav " Great Sholom» to short explanations of L.M. Andreeva. Giving a high rating to the work of L.M. Tolstoy. In the card game, the “great sholom” is called the position, in which the enemy is unable to take the partner’s card with the senior card as a trump card. For a stretch of six years three days (on Tuesdays, Thursdays and Saturdays) Mikola Dmitrovich Maslennikov, Yakiv Ivanovich, Prokopiy Vasilovich and Evpraksiya Vasilivna are playing at the Gvint. Andreyev baldly, that the stakes of the Greeks were worthless and the winnings were small. Prote Evpraksiya Vasilivna already valued the pennies she had won, but she paid them well to the treasury.
In the behavior of the heroes at the first hour of the card grey, one can clearly see their setting up to life in general. The summer Yakiv Ivanovich never plays more than chotirokh, navitt like a bula garna gra in the hands of a new one. Vіn charms, amusing. "You can't know what could be," - so comment on your call.
Yogo partner Mikola Dmitrovich is now invariably risky and steadily program, but not able to win the offensive time. Yakos Maslennikov was dazed by Dreyfus. Alfred Dreyfus (1859-1935) - an officer of the French General Staff, who in 1894 was called the fate of the transfer of secret documents to the Germans, but they were right. The partners start chatting about Dreyfus on the right, but then they suddenly start crying and shutting up.
If Prokopiy Vasilovich, Mikola Dmitrovich, radii, and Yakiv Ivanovich, for the sake of an offensive, do not risk it. Prokop Vasilyovich is afraid of great happiness, for after him there is great grief.
Evpraksiya Vasilivna - the only woman at the four graves. With a great grіon, it's good to marvel at your brother - your fast partner. Other partners with likarskim spіvchuttyam and condescending chuckles at tsmu ochіkuyut on її move.
The symbolic sensation of rose to the fact that our whole life, well, may be presented like a card game. She has partners, she has supers. "The cards are combined in an inexcusable way," - write L.M. Andreev. One day I blame the analogy: life also gives us endless surprises. The letter confirms that people tried their best to reach their own, and the cards lived their own lives, as it was not subject to either analysis or rules. Some people spit in life for the flow, others throw themselves and try to change their share. So, for example, Mikola Dmitrovich believe in success, mrіє play the “great sholom”. If, nareshti, Mikoli Dmitrovich comes to a serious gra, vin, afraid of losing її, he assigns “great sholom to the bezkoziers” - the best combination and the best combination in the card hierarchy. The hero goes to the singing risk, to that for the true victory of the wines he can still get at the purchase of the ace of spades. Pod zagalniy podiv and zakhoplennya vіn gravitate for buy-in and rapt unstoppably die in the face of paralysis of the heart. After his death, it was revealed that behind the fatal escalation of the situation at the purchase, he knew that same ace of spades, which had secured the win in the country.
After the death of the hero of the partner, think about those who are happy to be Mikola Dmitrovich tsіy zgranіy grі. Mustache people in their lives are grave. The stench tries to take revenge, win, win luck for the tail, self-affirm themselves, make small victories, but it’s not enough to think about the restless. Richly fateful people chatted three times a day, but rarely talked about shush, krіm gri, did not share problems, did not know where to live their friends. And after the death of one of them, the mind of the mind, how expensive the stench was, one alone. Yakiv Ivanovich is trying to show himself as a partner and see those who, like Mikola Dmitrovich, have played the “great sholom”. It’s not for nothing that the hero first protects his sounds and begins to play a card game, if you can’t help your comrade, he’s dead. It is symbolic that the world's most famous people are the first to go. Vіn more often for іnshih rozpoіvіd partners about yourself, without being baited up to the problems of іnshih, about scho yogo іншієєєєє to help Dreyfus.
Rozpovid maє philosophical depth, subtlety of psychological analysis. The plot of this hour is original and inspires the works of the “Siberian century” era. What time especially important take into account the theme of the catastrophic butt, the evil fate that hangs over the human lot. Nevipadkovo motive of rapt death is approaching the rise of L.N. Andreeva "The Great Sholom" by I.A. Bunina “Pan from San Francisco”, for whom the same hero dies at that very moment, if, on the contrary, mav can be savored by the time that he dreamed of all his life.
They fought with force and breadth in the author’s bazhanni to spread the suffering of a person with an invisible, sometimes painful temperament in those who fell in love - sometimes heroic, sometimes gloomily decadent - ideas, pragmatically stingy effects and dramatic - often melodramatic - situations. These works were not similar to the "traditional" literature: the stench hooted chi vіdshtovhuvali, but did not flood the bayduzhim.
The insanity of a young soul
Onuk of the Oryol gang of the nobility and the peasant woman, the blue of the earthly world, the writer recognized the zhahittya of the Moscow outskirts, the starving student was beaten, the pain of discord with himself, hatred to the pointless reasoning of “natovpu”. The sixteenth grade school student wrote to the student: “The hour will come, I will paint for people a picture of their life.” Vіn vіn vіvavav vіd attack zhorstogo svіdchayu vіdchayu, kіlka once timіv vіd vіd vіdstvostіvstі (the left hand in the new bule pierced kulei, fingers crooked) and at the same time bewitched by scorching, roz'yayuchimi, ambitious promises, burning glory and popularity. As if confessing to Gorky: “For fourteen more years, I said to myself that I would be famous if I didn’t have to live.”
Early creativity
Leonid Andrєєv uvіyshov in the literature like the past century (5 April 1898 in the newspaper "Kur'єr" for the first time after his last signature was placed a great opisaniya "Bargamot and Garaska"). The first early publications - "Once Upon a Time", "The Great Sholom", "Petka at the Dacha", "Gostinets", "From the Life of Staff Captain Kablukov" just showed us traditional realism, democratic directness, commemoration of Chekhov and Gorky. Butt - rozpovid "Petka at the dacha" (1898), which calls out loudly to the brudish and downtrodden Perukarian "lad", similar not to a decimal child, but to an "old dwarf". Prote already here the motives, known from Chekhov's "Vanko Zhukov", complicated by the demonstrative handing of the author to the share of his heroes. Navitat tsikh for the texture of their own realistic roses, obviously and now, more, new. "So be it; then it's possible," the writers of the 19th century affirmed with their creations. Andrєєva dedalі bіlshe perevazhali tune of "sotsіalnogo pesimіzmu" tyazhіnnya to "bezodn" lyudskoї psihіki that simvolіchnim uzagalnennyam in zobrazhennі people. We tsomu bula vіdmіnnіst Andrєєva od pismennikіv traditsіynogo realіzmu. Vіn yshov not od bezposerednіh vrazhen Zhittya and of vrazhayuchim hudozhnіm umіnnyam pіdvodiv materіal pid pre-set scheme.
Axis of early warning "Great Sholom" (1899), the hero of a certain Mikola Dmitrovich. Maslyanov is dying at the card table at the moment of his greatest "gratsky" happiness. And here - nechuvana on the right - it appears that Maslenikov's partners, with some faults of rich fates, whiled away at a small place for a long time in the evening, do not know about a new thing, navit yogo address ... Here everything is in the order 'unity of people.
similarity
The literary career of Leonid Andreev developed superbly happily. An unknown comrade of a sworn attorney, a court chronicler of the newspaper "Kur'er", hangs for a short hour among the first row of Russian writers, becoming a leader of the public's thoughts. Bagato meant my acquaintance with Gorky (1898), as if it had passed into trival, though it was nervous, but even more beneficial to him friendship. “... If you talk about osib, if they did it by pouring into my writer’s lot,” Andreev said, “then I can only point to one Maxim Gorky, an especially faithful friend of literature and a writer.”
Following Gorky, Andreyev uviishov at the Teleshovsky literary group "Seredovishche" and the democratic vision of "Knowledge". A collection of yogo confirmation, which appeared in 1901, was published in twelve editions in a large circulation for that hour - forty-six thousand conciliators. For the time being, one of the leading writers-“znavtsiv”, who doesn’t nayaskarevisha zirka and suzir’ї of “Great Maxim”. Ale, that very strength - stagnation in the hour, yogo tides and swells, - like Andreyev grew up as Gorky's comrade-in-arms, and voddalila yogo, moving to the other pole of literature.
In all the changes of a suspenseful, political life, Leonid Andreev looked at, I would like to say, seismographic strangeness. Indulgence in the commotion of the masses, in the wake of the life-changing short story "Navesn" (1902) and "La Marseilles" (1903) - a tale about the awakening of a heroic feeling and a surge of comradely solidarity with a fearful and apolitical inhabitant. If the Russian-Japanese war broke out, it will be blamed on it with the victorious “Chervonim laughter”, permeated with pacifist protest against the stupid massacre. And if the revolution of 1905 breaks out, write to V.V. Veresaev: “Believe me, I haven’t lost my thoughts in my head, the Crimean revolution, revolution, revolution ...” carrying out the tasks of the Central Committee of the RSDLP of Moscow, stacked at Taganskaya v'yaznytsia. Vіn performs with the song “Until the dawn”, which creates the image of a revolutionary worker Treycha, close to Nil from the Gorky “Mischans”. Then the reaction is coming, and that Andreyev himself is the author of the anti-revolutionary admonition "Temryava" (1907), the appearance of which was strengthened by the strife of Gorky. Andreev himself said as if: “Today I am a mystic and anarchist - harazd; Tomorrow I will write revolutionary vivisky ... and the day after tomorrow I may go to Iverskoy with a prayer service, and call for a banquet before the private bailiff.
On the rise of realism and modernism
Prote behind all the swings of the pendulum - to the left, to the right, again to the left, etc. - the daedals were more different than the direct directness of Andreyev's artistic jolts. A pismennik, chuynyy to social protirich, vin dositko zhivaє іluzії sentimental and deshcho benevolent humanism і, starting from "Chervonogo smihu", pragne in zagalnennyh images-symbols to hang all the super eloquence of the life of human suspіlstva at its head, vozlovih moments. “Food about okrem_individuality, as if it’s already exhausted, apparently, - Andreyev was known from the list before V.V. Veresaev in 1906, - I want all the different colors of individuality, so chi іnakshe, forever chi, let’s look at it.” Lyudina "started up", - leaning against the vinyatkovіy situation, - the axis of the scho is attached to respect. “It doesn’t matter to me who is “vin” - the hero of my opi- dan : pip, official, good-natured man or thinness, share wine with the leaf until. - Only one is important to me - that the person is the only one who bears the hardships of life alone.
If you talk about the success of Andreyev's creations with a reader, then you can talk about the success of the 1900s. Vіn less growth. Reply to the reprisals against revolutionaries and celebrities "Tell about this rise" (1908). However, the writer's respect is also concentrated here on the "infernal" experiences of those sentenced to death, if they go through the stages of martyrdom: trial, rebuking in a cell, remaining in custody with loved ones, a stratum. Everything is specifically tidied up, the pain of seeing these people near death, which is unwelcomely put on, has been left. People and death - such a philosophical problem, how to put Andreyev in "Information about this increase." Zlochin and payment - the essence of the story "Governor" (1905), de tsar's dignitary, who, having punished shooting at innocent people, himself understands the inevitability of paying for money and pokirno checks the eye of a terrorist with a black revolver.
Protest by Leonid Andreev, for all yoga maximalism, not at home internal wipe. Bursting with the gloomy philosophy of Schopenhauer and the psychology of Dostoyevsky's "dirty people" current culture, today's place, today's suspense, let's go, let's go, to the rest of the border in criticism of religion, morality, reason. However, skepticism, bezvir'ya, a thought about the inevitability of suffering and the impossibility of happiness are instilled in many heroes of yoga. Batko Vasil (“The Life of Vasil Fiveysky”) raptly says that there is nothing there, and throws a curse on the God who doesn’t already know: “Then all my life is coming to me in captivity, in slavery, in kaidans? No thoughts, no will! No sense! Don't give up!" But what do you check for something new now, freedom is without a virus? Witnessing a mindless life, Dr. Kerzhentsev (“Dumka”), having blamed vbivstvo for jealousy, touches the marnism of human reason and morality, at the Nietzschean blow rises over suspility: “You say that you can’t steal, drive, and I’ll tell you what you can drive in and rob, and even more morally. However, the weakness of the mind turns against itself, if the premises at the psychiatric hospital, Kerzhentsev is left alone “with his own miserable, powerless, self-reliant “I”. The anarchist Sava (a drama of the same name) knows all the stupidity of the suspenseful arrangement and wants to promote the suspense, that culture, to deprive the “naked people” on the “bare earth”. But firstly, the test of Savi’s zlamati pіdvalini suspіlstva (vіn vіn vіdrivає ikonu in the monastery) is less likely to lead to zmіtsnennya tsikh pіvalina and viri viri at the “natovpu”.
Revolyutsіynі stab lead at Andrєєva to pererodzhennya litsarіv іdeї in rozbіynikіv "lіsovih bratіv" (novel "Sasha Zhegulєv", 1911), viklikayut rozgul pervіsnih іnstinktіv, orgіyu bezgluzdih vbivstv, znischennya cultural tsіnnostey, samovizhivannya yak result zavershuyutsya restavratsієyu despotichnoї Vladi, celebration gnobitelіv (opovіdannya "So Bulo", p'esa "Tsar-Hunger"). The anarchic protest, the maximalist denunciation of bourgeois supremacy turn into anger in a human being, in health, a creative cob.
L. Andreev and symbolism
Similar to the symbolists, Andreev saw butovism, “the flat description”. Vіn pragniv, nehtuyuchi reality, "vglyb" - to the metaphysical essence of speeches, schob to reveal the bazhan "taєmnitsyu". Ale outside bezvіr'ya brought yoga to the total zaperechennya sensu life and the value of a person like that. Yak having mentioned one of the meters to the symbolism of Vyach. Ivanov, “to distinguish between symbolism and atheism, the specificity on the mind is the recognition of the midst of the innumerable and so many failures in the life of the nebuttya. The hero of "My Notes" (1908), who, through the pardon of a court of rich fates, spent time at the prison, sees freedom as a harp for the aggravation: all the light to bask in his majestic "immortal bond". I exit from the cієї v'yaznitsі, ryatuvannya, for Andrєєvim, not maє i can not be.
"HTO I? - 1912 p., - For noble decadentіv - Ganebnia Realist; for Spadenkih Realіstіv - Pіdozriliily Symbolist." Usvіdomvyuyuyi TURKIY DOWNISTY HAVE ІDISTO POSITINA TO SHIPT METHOD, Writer Lyudsko SERVICE SERVICE TSA, SERVAYS VID GLIBOKY ROSSBINKIY ZIA VIEVA recent friend Gorky.
Writer-expressionist
Who is Leonid Andreev? To a kind of directly to row yogo creativity, Najanіv's ideas, Naja Litoaturi (Vira Franz crisis of the bourgeois world. “Russian modernists,” respects the theoretician of literature P.V.
Expressionism, which is the culprit of Nimechchyna, like a direct blow to painting, has come to replace impressionism: “image” is replaced by “viraz”, which shouts “I” of the artist to capture the subject; in line with the previous art "his eyes are not his, but his mouth" (according to the characteristics of the Austrian writer Herman Bar). Their cry on the most important note, rationalistic symbolism, intelligent schematism in motivated characters, “significant” looks of the most vague, tightness of the taєmnichikh and squishy undertones are supernaturally characteristic of Andreev’s works.
Under the candle, which is shaking the orphan, to pass through the stupidity of the life of Lyudin, which is accompanied by the words of the evil resonator: nights, like viishov, and life without a trace. I will give you a zhorstok share of people” (drama “The Life of People”). On the Easter carnival before the Duke of Lorenz, the deputy of friends and terrible primaries. I, wearing black masks to step on the new one, the young duke of God's will, the divine, the guinea in the half-light (Black Masks, 1908).
Vtіm, Leonid Andrєєv mayzhe simultaneously pratsyuvav over the creations of an abstract-symbolic character and the creations of a realistic orientation. One and the same 1908 p. marked deeply psychological "Rozpovid about this increase" and the fantastic drama "Black Masks", in 1910. pobutov's poem about studentship "Gaudeamus" and the symbolic "Anatema" are announced. Moreover, in the creations themselves, rich in abstract symbolism, it is simple and suto realistic scenes (“The Life of a People”), Andriyev shukay new forms of image-creation, to expand the possibilities of literature.
Artistic originality
The protest against the strangulation of particularity is the axis of the problem of the problems of Andriivsky creativity. Tsіy metі pіdpriorakovanі all artistic zasobi - rhetoric in p'єsah and prose, vinyatkovі situations, unstoppable turn of thought, remembrance of paradoxes, form of speech, notes, student, if the soul of the "dissociated person" is bared to the brink. Bitter narrated in the minds of those who Andreyev, in comradely vmіє “beautiful with humor and beautifully”, in the descriptions “destroyed - unfortunately - qyu zdatnіst”. Ale tse Bulo pov'yazano in Andrєєva with the concept of a different person, who is blamed for coming from comical and nachebto innocent situations. A small, timid official from another department, Kotelnikov, whispers to a light drink: “I really love black women,” calling out to comrades in the service of that boss (“Original People”). Bad joke? Ale Andreev roared yoga for a tragicomedy. the phrase, "Scho Virvalasya, so much to "mite" the official, scho subordinating the entire yogo share. Faceless comrades in service write to us, a faceless clerk.
Most of Andrey's creative works of astro-dramatic zitknennya thoughts and wills burst forth in the “cleansed” kind of splendid world of the middle, which is the soul of the hero. The idea of making people special is drawn into a series of masks that enhance specific and individual figures: Lyudina, Batko Lyudin, Susidi, Likar, Staroi, etc. (drama "The Life of Lyudina"). There are also characters who express the spirit of the soul or abstract ideas, such as: Evil, Rock, Rozum, Vigilance, etc. The role of fantasy in the work of Andrєєv is significant, which rages to the fall of Edgar Allan Poe ("The Mask of the Red Death", "Holy Mertsіv", "The Pit and the Year"), or directly reinterprets the novel "Falling at the House of Yesher" in the description of "Vin" (1912) . The drama of ideas, which is the whole work of Andreev, to bring it to the suffocation of Dostoevsky, whose spirit is seen both in nervous, strained language, and in the choice of a hero, a self-destroyed fanatic, obsessed with the hope of "people from the pidpil". Back to the German expressive writers (E. Geller, G. Kaiser, L. Frank), as well as F. Kafka, close to him, Andreyev, with an intransigent, tragic force, hung up the suffering of self-speciality, as if suffering in the minds of the “machine world”.
Stay rocky
The first world war called out to the majority of Russian writers with a surge of patriotic aspirations. Andreyev leaning in the forefront of the sixth. “Having begun war, I declare guilt in an interview with the New York Times newspaper in the spring of 1914, - we will bring the rest, to victory over Nimechchina; and it’s not to blame for either sumniviv, or vagan.” I write dozens of articles, take part in the editorial of the Batkivshchyna magazine, and 1916. ocholuє literaturny vyddіl organ of the great bourgeoisie "Russian will". In the p'єсі "Law, King and Freedom" Andrєєv vuє an ally in the fight against Nimechchina - the Belgian King Albert. July 18, 1915 vіn vystupaє zі stattey "Let's not murmur to sing", in a yakіy yakіy yakіy zvіvati vіynu. Reality fooled Andreyev's glare. The lute revolution, the collapse on the fronts, devastation, famine, strikes and demonstrations, a new revolution - all the same, Andreyev managed to get a little crazy and make me think. "I'm scared! - Vigukuy vіn in one of the articles, ordered on 15 spring 1917 on the side of the newspaper "Rosіyskaya volya" (de Andrєv ocholiuvav literary vіddіl). - Like a blind man, I throw myself in the dark and joke about Russia. What is my Russia? I'm scared. I can't live without Russia. Give me Russia! I bless you on the knees, who stole Russia: give me Russia, turn, turn." , for some zhorstoko sumuє.
At the revolutionaries-bіlshoviks, they only sang “hot faces and low foreheads”, but artistically portrayed the Russian tragedy” Leonid Andrєєv did not comprehend and, maybe, not a moment. Vіn Lishe Protestuvav: "Treba Zovsimm Do not know the Riznitzі Mіzh's true І Brehneu, Mizhlivim І Neimovіrnim, Yak I do not know їn Borevіlnі, I do not know the socialist prashubbi bіlshkivikіv, ї ї ї ї ї ї ї ї ї ї я я я я акастити Lenin, then with a virtuosic sound, like a promo of Trotsky’s crooked blasphemy.
In Finland, Andreyev worked on the novel "Schodennik Satan", de satirically depicting imperialist Europe ahead of the first world war. I see the vlady in fear. The destruction of the sound, steadfast Russia, and in front of it is just chaos, ruination. “Like a telegraph operator on the tone of the ship sends at night, if there is a haze, the remaining call:“ Help! Shvidshe! We flood! Lie!” - so I, cherishing my faith in the kindness of the people, throw into the open space and darkness my blessings about people who want to drown ... It’s dark ... And the sea is terrible! Ale the telegraphist to believe and cry out loud - cry to the rest of the whiling, the docks do not go out the remaining fire and do not lock the dead telegraph forever, "- write wine in one of the remaining works" Ryatuyte! (SOS)".
- Power supply
1. Why is the recognition of the “Great Sholom” important in relation to traditional realism? Why is it for some self-sufficient people to be the only sense of life? Will we unite more roses of heroes in the future?
2. How do you characterize Maslennikov's yoga commandment to win the "great sholom"?
3. How to put graves before any invasion into their closed world (on the right is Dreyfus, a sign about the arrest of Maslenik's son)?
4. What is the head sum of the heroes, what did they lose after the death of Mikoli Dmitrovich?
5. Describe the p'esu "Tsar Famine" as a manifestation of the theater of symbolism.
6. What kind of hero-symbols appear at this p'єsi that like an idea similar to the head symbol - Tsar-Hunger?
7. To explain from the butt of tsієї p'єsi the look of the writer on the violent transformation of the soul. What ruinous forces, in the thought of L. Andriev, wake up the rebellion of the people?
8. Who has the deep pessimism of a writer?
9. What is the concept of life and light in the prose of L. Andreev?
M. Gorky, respecting the "Great Sholom" to the best explanations of L.M. Andreeva. Giving a high rating to the work of L.M. Tolstoy. In the card game, the “great sholom” is called the position, in which the enemy is unable to take the partner’s card with the senior card as a trump card. For a stretch of six years three days (on Tuesdays, Thursdays and Saturdays) Mikola Dmitrovich Maslennikov, Yakiv Ivanovich, Prokopiy Vasilovich and Evpraksiya Vasilivna are playing at the Gvint. Andreyev baldly, that the stakes of the Greeks were worthless and the winnings were small. Prote Evpraksiya Vasilivna already valued the pennies she had won, but she paid them well to the treasury.
In the behavior of the heroes at the first hour of the card grey, one can clearly see their setting up to life in general. The summer Yakiv Ivanovich never plays more than chotirokh, navitt like a bula garna gra in the hands of a new one. Vіn charms, amusing. "You can't know what could be," - so comment on your call.
Yogo partner Mikola Dmitrovich is now invariably risky and steadily program, but not able to win the offensive time. Yakos Maslennikov was dazed by Dreyfus. Alfred Dreyfus (1859-1935) - an officer of the French General Staff, who in 1894 was called the fate of the transfer of secret documents to the Germans, but they were right. The partners start chatting about Dreyfus on the right, but then they suddenly start crying and shutting up.
If Prokopiy Vasilovich, Mikola Dmitrovich, radii, and Yakiv Ivanovich, for the sake of an offensive, do not risk it. Prokop Vasilyovich is afraid of great happiness, for after him there is great grief.
Evpraksiya Vasilivna - the only woman at the four graves. With a great grіon, it's good to marvel at your brother - your fast partner. Other partners with likarskim spіvchuttyam and condescending chuckles at tsmu ochіkuyut on її move.
The symbolic sensation of rose to the fact that our whole life, well, may be presented like a card game. She has partners, she has supers. "The cards are combined in an inexcusable way," - write L.M. Andreev. One day I blame the analogy: life also gives us endless surprises. The letter confirms that people tried their best to reach their own, and the cards lived their own lives, as it was not subject to either analysis or rules. Some people spit in life for the flow, others throw themselves and try to change their share. So, for example, Mikola Dmitrovich believe in success, mrіє play the “great sholom”. If, nareshti, Mikoli Dmitrovich comes to a serious gra, vin, afraid of losing її, he assigns “great sholom to the bezkoziers” - the best combination and the best combination in the card hierarchy. The hero goes to the singing risk, to that for the true victory of the wines he can still get at the purchase of the ace of spades. Pod zagalniy podiv and zakhoplennya vіn gravitate for buy-in and rapt unstoppably die in the face of paralysis of the heart. After his death, it was revealed that behind the fatal escalation of the situation at the purchase, he knew that same ace of spades, which had secured the win in the country.
After the death of the hero of the partner, think about those who are happy to be Mikola Dmitrovich tsіy zgranіy grі. Mustache people in their lives are grave. The stench tries to take revenge, win, win luck for the tail, self-affirm themselves, make small victories, but it’s not enough to think about the restless. Richly fateful people chatted three times a day, but rarely talked about shush, krіm gri, did not share problems, did not know where to live their friends. And after the death of one of them, the mind of the mind, how expensive the stench was, one alone. Yakiv Ivanovich is trying to show himself as a partner and see those who, like Mikola Dmitrovich, have played the “great sholom”. It’s not for nothing that the hero first protects his sounds and begins to play a card game, if you can’t help your comrade, he’s dead. It is symbolic that the world's most famous people are the first to go. Vіn more often for іnshih rozpoіvіd partners about yourself, without being baited up to the problems of іnshih, about scho yogo іншієєєєє to help Dreyfus.
Rozpovid maє philosophical depth, subtlety of psychological analysis. The plot of this hour is original and inspires the works of the “Siberian century” era. At this hour, the theme of the catastrophic butt, the evil fate that hangs over the human lot, is especially significant. Nevipadkovo motive of rapt death is approaching the rise of L.N. Andreeva "The Great Sholom" by I.A. Bunina “Pan from San Francisco”, for whom the same hero dies at that very moment, if, on the contrary, mav can be savored by the time that he dreamed of all his life.
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Virsh A.A. Akhmatova “I came to visit the poet ...” I have an autobiographical basis: in one week of 1913 A.A. Akhmatova brought A.A. Block of yoga vіrshi on Ofitserska street, 57, roztashovan nearby the girl of Nevi, schob vіn їх signed. He sings in a laconic writing: "Akhmatova - Blok." The first stanza subtly conveys to the creation the atmosphere of this visit. For A.A. Akhmatov importantly voices...
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GRAND HELMET
(Opovidnya, 1902)
Maslennikov Mikola Dmitrovich - one of the chotirios, participants
card game and obviously one of the chotirokh, heroes of the
"Great Sholom", dedicated to the eternal nourishment of "life and death". M.
a single hero, endowed like im'yam, according to the father, and th
nickname. “The stench played at Gwent Trichi for the day: according to vіtorkah,
Thursdays and Saturdays" - this is how the rose begins. Climbed from
"the youngest of the engravers", forty-three-fold Evpraksii Vasilivna,
if you loved a student for a long time, but “knowing no one, that one won,
give up, zabula, why didn’t he have a chance to make friends. With a couple with her
engraved її brother Prokop Vasilovich, who “having spent a squad on another
rіk after the wedding and tsіlih two months after that visit at the likarni
for the mentally ill." Partner of M. (oldest) buv Yakiv
Ivanovich, for whom you can sing similarities from the Chekhovian "person in
cases" - "a small, dry child, winter and summer walking at
to the well-worn frock coat and trousers, to the mother and strict. Discontent
rozpodil couples (“lead and half moon”, seeming words of Pushkin), M.M.
to scold, “what youma happen to<...>throw a dream about the bike
kozirny sholomi". “So the stinks played summer and winter, spring and autumn.
The old world is pokirno nis importantly the yoke of the inexcusable foundation
now red in the blood, then drenched in tears, deafening their way at
open spaces with stogons of sickness, those hungry ones are skryvdzhenikh. Lish M.
bringing at the diligently welcome small light "in the moonlight
anxious that someone else's life. It was given to others marvelous.
respected "light and wrong people." Deyake
talking about the right of Dreyfus, but “yoma was given to the Movchans”.
“The Carthys have long lost in their eyes the meaning of the soulless
matter<...>The cards were combined in a variety of ways, that
diversity was not subject to any analysis, or rules, but it was
Well the hour is natural. Same for M. "great sholom for bezkoziers
becoming the strongest bazhann and inspire the world. Lishé іnodi hіd
card grey, collapsing under the bells of the call: M. sign on two or three
tizhnya, turning, aged and posiriliy, vіn povіdomiv, scho yogo
the son was arrested and sent to Petersburg. Do not come wine and one day
Saturday, and all of them confessed that they had been suffering for a long time on the “chest
toad."
Ale, I didn’t want the graves of the gvint in the ovnіshny world, vin just i
rudely uvirvavsya before them himself. At the fatal quarter, 26th leaf fall, M. smiled
luck. Prote, having soon caught up with the commandment “Great Sholom at
bezkoziryah! ”, the happy raptov died due to “paralysis of the heart”. If
Yakiv Ivanovich looked up at the deceased’s card, then shook his head: M. “in his arms
<...>buv virny great sholom. I todі Yakіv Ivanovich, scho having learned,
sho died no one knows about it, sly and understands what is
death". Prote mittve shocked will soon pass, and heroes
they think not about death, but about life: where do you get the fourth grave? So
Andreyev rethinking in an ironic way in the form of nutrition
the main character from the story of L. N. Tolstoy "The Death of Ivan III":
"Will I die?" Tolstoy put Andreeva on the rozpovid "4".
It's easy to send your harn to the robot to the basics. Vikoristovy form, raztastovanu below
Students, graduate students, young adults, like victorious base of knowledge in their trained robots, will be your best friend.
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WAYS OF WORLD MODELING AT ROZPOVID L. ANDRIEV "GRAND HELMET": GENRE ASPECT
High level of semiotics to the genre literary creation allows you to win genre analysis as a way to understand the integrity of the text. For the theorists of the formal school, the signs of the genre are dominant 1 . Tse, with their own calling, convey those that the structure of a literary work can be touched through the genre. At the robots M.M. Bakhtin to talk about the close connection between the genre and the themes of the author's work and light fixtures 2 . The concept of "genre zmist", zaprovadzhene G.M. Pospelova, is important for genre analysis, directed at the comprehension of the aesthetic concept of action, embedded in the text.
Іsnuє y іnshe razumіnnya possibilities of genre analysis. Thus, analysis in terms of genre and genre by A.B. Yesin in his monograph "Principles and Acceptance of Analysis of the Literary Creation" to add to additional types of analysis. light modeling poetics character genre
Nabіlsh productive me to represent genresal analis, Shaho spirals on Otologіchnyy aspect, yaki dosvollaє ryovdati Genre Yak "Clean the type of Svіtomatogennya, in Yaku Sovnі Vіdnosini Mіzh Lyudino i Dіysnіsti Visiving in the center of artist Issvvіti і і Бутита ститето и отитой товінені стітлі .
What has been said above focuses our respect not on the description, but on the functional approach to the problem of the genre of a literary work, which, at its best, leads to the fact that the main tasks are not genre identification of the work, but the achievement of how the genre structure is created model the world, how to interact at the borders of one text of different genres and strategies.
This task, in our opinion, was the most successively implemented
N.L. Leiderman 6 pronounces a genre analysis on the text of spivvіdnosti with the system of bearing in the genre. The theoretical model of the genre was broken down by him and laid the basis for the analysis of L. Andreev's rose novel "The Great Sholom".
The publication "Great Sholom" was first published in the Moscow newspaper "Kur'er" on December 14, 1899. There is a practice of looking at this text in the middle of the earliest reviews of the writer, oriented more importantly at the realistic tradition. Prote, analyzing the texts of L. Andreev, followed the thought of the author of the monograph about the work of the writer L.A. Єzіtovo: «« «Сталитеватьсті л. Andrєva on the traditional-realistic of Ontosh (Narelіstichna's nonreal_stiche's traditional (Narelіstichnae, Vijvreal_stichna, Modernistski, Ekspressіstski, Symbolne, Ekistestsіalіstski) Іnodi right-hand amica, Alla Niphastіshe Ze Lache Zruchna for Viklade Mother's scheme. Offended by the nervous halves of Andreeva's creativity, they are founded as a single organism, mutually interpenetrating and interpenetrating cannot be understood one without one, with a poignant context, let's create them" 7 . This respect, by the looks of it, may be directly related to the “Great Sholom” rally. Genre, which is characterized by singing ways of modeling action, evoking the duality of the text.
Three ways of light modeling can be revealed in rozpovidi mi - metaphorical (symbolic), metonymic and associative. As explained by the genre little prose panіvnym є metonymіchny principle. The essence of yoga lies in the fact that it is a vipadok, the essence of life, which allows you to put together a statement about the savage sense of buttya, about the savage world. The function of this principle can be compared with the system of rozbіzhny kіl. Chotiri gravel near the vist perebuvayut in the closed space "deaf" 8 rooms. The cordons of the stake are made impenetrable for the "disturbing and alien" life. Zim pov'yazane sounding those case-based people, as if they were born in reality. This topic is close to A.P. Chekhov and L. Andreeva, unsurprisingly describing the "Great Sholom" are called one of the "Chekhovian" writings of the writer 10 . Ale, beyond the borders of the stone, zavzhd іsnuvala, іsnuіє i will be іnshe life. In the middle of the hour, it flowed smoothly along the stake (“Thus they played the stench of summer and winter, spring and autumn” 11), the whole hour, in its pure expression, it lost concreteness. About this watch such formulas, like “one hour”, “hours”. We have before us the formal signs of an idyllic chronotope: interdependence in the mind of the world, cyclicity to the hour, static, zoomed in on the repetition of podia. Vtіm, about the idyllic text of L. Andreev, one can speak only in an ironic key. It should be noted that the first publication of the publication is small genre subtitle "idiliya". However, the idyllic break of the hour is characteristic only for the first part of the report, the other part starts from fixing the exact date, the rozpovіd becomes dynamic, reading the sigh of the strain of ochіkuvannya of what will become vinyatkove.
Behind the borders of the stone, an hour flows for the biographical and historical worlds. We know that two graves - Evpraksii Vasilivna and її brother Prokopiy Vasilovicha - were gone: she herself was unstoppable, even if the romance is small with a student. Mikoli Dmitrovich has a right - "the senior son was arrested and sent to Petersburg" 13 . And the life of Yakov Ivanovich will be more and more surrounded by Timchas's stake, with which the gras is tied with gvint. There is a portrait detail on the cezocrem: “. a small, dry kid, in winter and summer walking around with a well-worn frock coat” 14 (our italics. - L.S.). The evocative light present in the text is rich in why the winds of Mikola Ivanovich, who brought “weak reflections of this troubled and strange life” 15 , wines, with roses about the weather, about the right of Dreyfus, at least fit into the boundaries, tasks of the card game. Respectfully, that is the only hero, endowed with a nickname (Maslenikov). This is a sign of belonging to the world, that the posture of a card stake is changed, and a sign of the hero’s undestroyed individuality. Nareshti, є in the text of the explanation and the third column, spivvіdnesene with the moving zone of the narration, vіn vrazha with its cosmic scales and non-chasing characteristics. Opovіdannya, which is carried out in the form of a third individual, may have a different character, potentiating the effect of alienation. Less at the finale, it’s more than enough to cry for Yakov Ivanovich, if you know that such is death, that mind weeps shamelessly, that all try to “get around” the share of stupidity.
The associative principle of light modeling of bandages from the motif of a card grey. The number of low literary associations is vibrating in the light of the reading community, we are quiet, de pov'yazanі motives of the card-grit and death: "The Queen of Spades" by A.S. Pushkin, “Masquerade” and “Stoss” by M.Yu. Lermontov, "Death of Ivan III" L.M. Tolstoy. The motif of spirituality, crowds of cards zmushuє guess like “The Queen of Spades” by A.S. Pushkin, and "Gravtsiv" N.V. Gogol, that rose
A.P. Chekhov's “Vint”, where the topic is put in a humorous, understated key. The associative series, connected with the theme of "case life", also takes us to the works of O.P. Chekhov.
The image, which grows out of the synthesis of associations, permutes with the metaphor "life - gra". With whom, it’s not about equalizing life with a thunder, like, for example, in the drama of M.Yu. Lermontov "Masquerade". Metaphor L. Andreeva realizes, bring to the logical conclusion the motif of the crowd of cards. The metaphorical principle itself allows us to recognize the specifics of the model of the world, which is created in L. Andreev's description. The pismennik draws a moment of substitution, replace the action with a singing mental, fantastic scheme. Grotesque deformation as the principle of light modeling and expressionism. The more people, like playing at the card, zamikayutsya in the situation, the more stench falls under the power of the cards. Nareshti becomes obvious: not people play at the card, but cards play with people. This kind of metaphor seems to be more characteristic of the poetics of expressionists. Finish guessing the micro-novela about the king, a kind of “grave among people”, and now he himself has turned into a grand card in the description of Sigismund Krzhizhanovsky “Mandrivna is “wonderful””.
People spend their own individuality, and yet more and more individuality begins to make cards, they become more important for people, they know “their will, their tastes, sympathies and primhi” 16 . In connection with this, the death of Mikoli Dmitrovich can be seen as the result of an ailment (angina pectoris, paralysis of the heart) and as a volitional card, with which the motives of fate, fate are tied. Why is Mikola Dmitrovich herself a victim of cards? Vіn vіdіznyaєtsya vіd svoїh partnerіv tim, scho not savouring the relish of life, not learning to graft your own feelings, winding at the borders of quiet between, as if they were known by a card thunder, not having spent the richness of the dream and strong passions. The description of the hero's and card's names in the description is given a significant place. For all engravings, the paintings have long lost the meaning of soulless matter 17 . Mikola Dmitrovich Maslennikov, the greater world, the lower heroes, recognize their staleness in the will of the cards, it is impossible to reconcile with their vivacious character, it is possible to overplay them. Shodo cards to Mikoli Dmitrovich "felt fatal" 18 .
The dissimilarity, foreignness of Mikoli Dmitrovich is strongly supported by the author. Alienity in the literature of expressionism shapes the nature and specificity of views in all areas, forming the core of the concept of alienation. The casement of engravings in the wind, the vіdgorodzhenіst in the world is one of the aspects of the study. Isolation of heroes, if they don’t know anything and don’t want to know one about one - that’s one more equal of learning. The space of someone else's in the opisann, which rang out at the call for the death of Mikoli Dmitrovich, will not be empty. Who is the offensive time to rob the karti? Yakov Ivanovich? Eupraxia Vasilivna? Її brother, who was afraid of “the need for great happiness, for which there is such a great grief”? In the finale of roses, it is strikingly similar to death, as if to the death of eternity, which is dominantly expressive. Ale, to bring death is not in the power of rozirvati zvichne kolo іsnuvannya heroїv.
In such a rank, Bachimo, as expressionism acts as its own other ball, which is superimposed on a realistic basis.
Characteristic for expressionism, the reception of zsuvu and alogism still does not reveal itself to the floorings in a different way, as, for example, in the case of L. Andriev’s “Chervoniy Smikh”, however, in the “Great Sholomі” we know more specific naturalistic details on the the dead man's shoe) and motives of share and death, which sound mystical. Unmotivated transitions from the infinitely small to the infinitely great: “So the stench played that summer, that winter, that spring, that autumn. The old world is covered with a yoke of indestructible wear, and now red in blood, then shedding tears, deafening its paths in the expanse of stogons of ailments, hungry and crippled, 20 - ce tezh characteristic of rice Poetics of expressionism Mabut, the most beautiful butt of unmotivated, wondrousness is shown by the lack of nourishment of Eupraxia Vasilivna, which sounds at the finale:
“And you, Yakov Ivanovich, are you all in the same apartment?” The food, which will end the conversation, gains special significance for those who do not convey good news.
Rozpovid L. Andreeva, static on the cob and dynamic in the other part, allows you to spread yoga with two genre strategies - novelistic and ethological (descriptive). With this, the persha appears to be relieved of its daily characteristics, and it saves only a few formal features. So, we can show in the text an inconsistent rozvyazka, an image of a secret grime of a lot of people, Bachimo, like a writer, to write life material at the focus of one thing, which was pritamanno novelized. At the same time, we can call the inconsistency of the story a novelistic pointe, turning the situation to the opposite one, we can not reveal the characters of the new powers for the reader. The death of Maslennikov does not change anything; Navit Yakiv Ivanovich, who, following his own rules, to fight first and rise.
Rosemary, detailed description of the middle ground on a її stіykomu camp, images of static characters of the characters allow you to see the logical warehouse of the witness. With this object of the image, it is not the social role of the heroes, but the psychology of gravity, like in a person to sing not a person, but a partner with a green. Tsya warehouse and form a realistic basis, woven into the elements of expressive poetics.
Notes
1 Div: Tomashevsky B.V. Theory of Literature. Poetica/B.V. Tomashevsky. - M., 2 1996.
2 Div: Bakhtin M.M. Aesthetics of verbal creativity / M.M. Bakhtin. - M., 1979; Medvedev, P.M. (Bakhtin M.M.) Formal method in literary studies / P.N. Medvedev (M.M. Bakhtin). - L., 1927.
3 Div: Pospelov G.M. Before the nutrition about poetic genres / G.M. Pospelov // Additional information on the philological faculty of the Moscow State University. - 1948. - VIP. 5. - S. 59-60.
4 Div: Esin A.B. Principles and methods of analysis of literary creation: Navch. posibnik / A.B. Esin. - M., 1999. In the last moments, according to the author's idea, the genre can help in the analysis, show on the other side of the creation a trace of respect. The possibilities of genre analysis are interspersed with them, since far from all creations can read the genre nature, and in that case, if the genre is defined unambiguously, then “do not always help the analysis, fragments of the genre structure are often recognized by a different sign, as they do not create special features of their own ta formi” (p. 221). Vіm, tse respect for the author is important to analyze the lyrical genres. If we talk about the analysis of epic works, we are going to explain, the genre aspect is the same (p. 222).
5 Workshop on genre analysis of literary creation / N.L. Leiderman, M.M. Lipovetsky, N.V. Barkovska and in. - Ekaterinburg: Ural. holding ped. un-t, 2003. -S. 24.
6 Ibid. Z. 15-24.
7 Ezuitova L.A. Creativity of Leonid Andreev. 1892-1906/L.A. Ezuitov. - L., 1975. - S. 65.
8 Andreev L.M. Great sholom / L.M. Andrєєv // Similarity. - M., 1982. - S. 59.
9 Ibid. S. 59.
10 Bezzubov V.I. Leonid Andrєєv and traditions of Russian realism / V.I. Toothless. - Tallinn, 1984.
11 Andreev, L. N. Decree. tv. S. 59.
12 Ibid. S. 58.
13 Ibid. S. 62.
14 Ibid. S. 58.
15 Ibid. S. 59.
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The problem of the illusory nature of human life in the description of Leonid Andreev "The Great Sholom"
Teacher of Russian literature and literature – Mordvinova Nadiya Mikhailivna, Children's Educational Institution of Higher Education No. 11 of the city of Kinel, Samara Region
Qile: learn about the work of L.M. Andreeva, show the peculiarities of your creative individuality, development of the text analysis, development of the literary contexts.
Methodically accept: speech of the teacher, conversation with nutrition, analysis of the text
Hid lesson
I Word of the teacher
L.M. Andreyev is one of the poorest writers, who subtly observed the life’s turmoil, and the least change. The writer was especially keenly experiencing the tragedy of the cause, as if he were cherishing mysterious, fatal forces for unknown people. Yogo creativity is the result of philosophical reflections, a test of soundness on a calm diet. The works of Andreev have a special value of artistic details.
At first glance, the stench seems to be absolutely unshakable and nimimi. Behind the most important details, they seek, like light strokes, ice elusive pinpoints and tensions. Tim himself invites his reader to independently vouch for the most important nutrition of human life.
To that, in order to create Andreeva's mind, you need to understand the meaning of the skin word, to recognize the sound of the voice in silence.
Tse mi sprobuєmo at once zrobiti pіd hour analysis of the opіvіdannya "Great Sholom".
II Rozmov's speech "Great Sholom"
- Why do you think that the system of characters is so special about the plot?(The plot of the explanation, at first glance, can be forgiven. However, with a more detailed look, you can remember the philosophical sensation, which is hidden behind a real-but-but-based basis. The characters of the explanation are zvichayny people. describe the drawings of their heroes, say nothing about the inner world of the characters.
- What is the tone of creation? What is your role? ( The intonation of the explanation is simple, relieved of emotion, sharp drama, calm. The author is unprepared to describe the cause of gravel. Go about the subsistence and non-display. Ale, behind the calm intonation of roses, there is tension, the drama is felt in the subtext. In this calm life, for a one-mantic card-grill, people spend their spiritual image and individuality).
- What can you say about the heroes of the "Great Sholom" admonition? How are they described?(The old look of the heroes of the malady is short. Yakiv Ivanovich “was a small, dry kid, in winter and summer, walking in a well-worn frock coat and trousers, he is stern and strict.” Evpraksiya Vasilivna and Prokopiy Vasilovich are less informed.
Introduce two heroes, Mikoli Dmitrovich and Yakov Ivanovich, for a behavior at the card table. How are the characters revealed through the details? (Yakiv Ivanovich did not engrave more than chotiriokh khabarіv, yogo vchinki is precisely called, they do not allow the smallest insufficiencies in the order established by him. to this, the vibrations of emotions are constantly manifested).
Yak Andreev describes the cards in the description of "Great Sholom"? What kind of sense is there for detailed images of cards? (There is an enmity that the cards and people were remembered in different places: people are similar to inanimate objects, and the cards behave as if they were alive. The author describes the card suit in detail. able to show emotions (it can be said that the author created the artistic rite of card harvesting. The specialization of cards can be compared to the process of spiritual death of heroes).
- What symbolic subtext is being sought for the death of Mikoli Dmitrovich? ( The death of which hero is natural and inevitable. The whole run of the rosepovіdі ієє tragic rozvyazku. The stupidity of the dream about the great Sholom is about the spiritual death of the hero. After what comes physical death. The absurdity of the situation is strengthened by the fact that the world has been woken up. The death of Mikoli Dmitrovich symbolizes the empty richness of human pragnes and bazhan, which is ruined by the infusion of everydayness, like, similar to acidity, roz'їdaє specialism and robbing її bezbarvnoy).
- Why do you have a philosophical sense of confirmation?(A lot of people live in an atmosphere of spiritual vacuum. Stinks forget about speech, kindness, mercy, intellectual development. In their hearts there is no lively interest to the extreme light.
III Rozpovid"Great Sholom" in the Context of Literary Reminiscences
The word of the teacher
In Gogol's novel "The Overcoat" Akakiy Akakiyovich Bashmachkin has a deep thought about the overcoat, as it becomes for a new sense of life. The hero creates an illusion of happiness in his mind, his manifestations of the world are surrounded by nothing more than an overcoat.
The teacher can tell you about the work of the Austrian writer S. Zweig "Shakhova Novela". The hero of this novel, grandmaster Mirko Czentovich, lives in the world of Shakhiv. By maturity, the wine is cold and baiduzhiy.
I Akakiy Akakiyovych, and Mirko Chentovich, and the heroes of the Great Sholom opusation are found in the world of rich values. The stench is afraid of the living zіtknen іz realnіstyu і live with the emotional obolontsi, for which one wants to be surrounded by specialty.
Otzhe, Andrєєv zachіpaє at his opіnіdnі theme, yak praising bagatioh leading writers.
Using the method of expanding the special vocabulary of scholars, it is possible to introduce the term “monomania” and explain that all the heroes are more rehabilitated by monomaniacs, people over the world who suffocate one idea or occupants.
IV Rozpovіd "Great Sholom" for these problems of daily suspіlstva (podbitya pіdsumkіv)
The word of the teacher
Our time is full of people, especially pidlіtkіv, who suffer from Internet-deposit. The virtual reality is to replace it alive with the splintering and the superfluous action. Therefore, people who live in a virtual world are similar to the heroes of Andreyev's admonition "The Great Sholom".
In connection with the above, the obsession with a card thunder can be like an illusion of life, oneness of reason, an absolute toothache of the soul.
The problem, destroyed by Andreevym at the opisanie "Great Sholom", is by no means to waste its actuality.
For example, the lesson is taught to be taught from the beginning:
Yaki, in your opinion, cause monomania people to appear in the conspiracy?
Why do people try to uniquely have strong contacts from the world beyond?
How to fight against the Internet-deposit?
Write a twir-review on the topic “The absurdity of the reason in L.N. Andreeva "The Great Sholom".
GRAND HELMET
(Opovidnya, 1902)
Maslennikov Mikola Dmitrovich - one of the chotirios, participants
card game and obviously one of the chotirokh, heroes of the
"Great Sholom", dedicated to the eternal nourishment of "life and death". M.
a single hero, endowed like im'yam, according to the father, and th
nickname. “The stench played at Gwent Trichi for the day: according to vіtorkah,
Thursdays and Saturdays" - this is how the rose begins. Climbed from
"the youngest of the engravers", forty-three-fold Evpraksii Vasilivna,
if you loved a student for a long time, but “knowing no one, that one won,
give up, zabula, why didn’t he have a chance to make friends. With a couple with her
engraved її brother Prokop Vasilovich, who “having spent a squad on another
rіk after the wedding and tsіlih two months after that visit at the likarni
for the mentally ill." Partner of M. (oldest) buv Yakiv
Ivanovich, for whom you can sing similarities from the Chekhovian "person in
cases" - "a small, dry child, winter and summer walking at
to the well-worn frock coat and trousers, to the mother and strict. Discontent
rozpodil couples (“lead and half moon”, seeming words of Pushkin), M.M.
to scold, “what youma happen to<...>throw a dream about the bike
kozirny sholomi". “So the stinks played summer and winter, spring and autumn.
The old world is pokirno nis importantly the yoke of the inexcusable foundation
now red in the blood, then drenched in tears, deafening their way at
open spaces with stogons of sickness, those hungry ones are skryvdzhenikh. Lish M.
bringing at the diligently welcome small light "in the moonlight
anxious that someone else's life. It was given to others marvelous.
respected "light and wrong people." Deyake
talking about the right of Dreyfus, but “yoma was given to the Movchans”.
“The Carthys have long lost in their eyes the meaning of the soulless
matter<...>The cards were combined in a variety of ways, that
diversity was not subject to any analysis, or rules, but it was
Well the hour is natural. Same for M. "great sholom for bezkoziers
becoming the strongest bazhann and inspire the world. Lishé іnodi hіd
card grey, collapsing under the bells of the call: M. sign on two or three
tizhnya, turning, aged and posiriliy, vіn povіdomiv, scho yogo
the son was arrested and sent to Petersburg. Do not come wine and one day
Saturday, and all of them confessed that they had been suffering for a long time on the “chest
toad."
Ale, I didn’t want the graves of the gvint in the ovnіshny world, vin just i
rudely uvirvavsya before them himself. At the fatal quarter, 26th leaf fall, M. smiled
luck. Prote, having soon caught up with the commandment “Great Sholom at
bezkoziryah! ”, the happy raptov died due to “paralysis of the heart”. If
Yakiv Ivanovich looked up at the deceased’s card, then shook his head: M. “in his arms
<...>buv virny great sholom. I todі Yakіv Ivanovich, scho having learned,
sho died no one knows about it, sly and understands what is
death". Prote mittve shocked will soon pass, and heroes
they think not about death, but about life: where do you get the fourth grave? So
Andreyev rethinking in an ironic way in the form of nutrition
the main character from the story of L. N. Tolstoy "The Death of Ivan III":
"Will I die?" Tolstoy put Andreeva on the rozpovid "4".
T. V. Dmitrenko
m. Horlivka
The reasons for the human alienation of the late 19th-early 20th centuries are discussed, it is brought to light that L. Andreev is not a “dark” author, who looks at everything from a pessimistic point of view, but reveals the true essence of a “little” person.
The end of the 19th-the beginning of the 20th century at the development of Russian literature of modern and artistic life is the hour of the change of historical epochs. Russia for the beginning of the century became the center of the world's revolutionary movement. Podії, scho vydbuvalsya in the country, nabuvali all-world-historical significance. Art literature hung supple, ethical and aesthetic ideals of people in revolutionary prose, we are in front of the work of L. Andreev. One of the main themes of yoga creativity is “the tragedy of a little person”, її a vision of oneself and an introduction to the world of need.
Detailed analysis of this problem from the current and objective point of view is even more relevant, to that it gives the opportunity to further indulge and analyze the “picture of the world and the world” of that hour. A lot of literary scholars and critics - L. A. Ezuitova, U. I. Bezzubov, Yu. U. Babicheva, etc. But the problem of dead soul, like death, the author’s creativity has been reached, and that’s why it’s been brought to that nutrition and is relevant for modern literary studies.
To the head of the article, analysis and, as a last resort, proof of the death of the soul of the “little people” in connection with її self-revelation in the light of itself. As it was already guessed, Andreyev was one of those writers, whom the share praised wonderful people, who lived in a critical era Andreev's creativity has few clear expressions of anti-bourgeois and anti-mundane character. The spiritual vigilance of a "small" person was revealed by the author from the roz'dnance of people, from their baiduzhist to the great life of the country. Lyudina more and more transformed into "a faceless loneliness of so many faceless multitudes." Andrєєv shukáє causes zhakhlivoї bezsosobovostі and come to vysnovka, shcho vіchuzhennya and spiritual life of a person born not only social nerіnіstі, and th material need. The author vvazhav, what was the last abnormality of the current state of mind.
The poem "The Great Sholom" (1899) testifies to the rose and soullessness of a whole group of "prosperous" people, the richness of such bula gras at gwent at all times. One of the heroes, Maslennikov, for the sake of starting, be-like a roam, hour after hour, reading out the weather forecast, or having told what was going on in the world, on that day, having taken that very dry note - “read it already” or else it was not known. Already, at first glance, the essential details are clear that the so-called “friends” did not have anything to say, but a gris at gvint. The inconsistency of the specialties of the Duma alone, for the others, who seemed to be close, step by step transformed into soulless, degrading specialities.
The heroes of the story, three people and one woman, lived in their own world, where the cards played the main role, as they became the sensation of their worthless reason. The character is skinny, madly, maybe, but the heroes of the floor are faceless, so the author begins to call them so faceless “stink”. “The stench played at Gwent Trichi for the day”, “I stench was strong.” Andrєєv represents the heroes of the "orphan mass", for which absolutely no one has been seen. They played three times a week: on Tuesdays, Thursdays, and Saturdays, and the week, which was more convenient for a play, “had a chance to deprive all sorts of quirks: the arrival of outsiders and the theater.” Quiet people, as if they somehow saw the main characters, the author calls “outsiders”, not just stinks of such boules, to the one that the main characters were less familiar with each other. She gravitated with a stretch of six rokiv, for yak gravitation they were not only good to know one another, but to become best friends. Ale, it so happened that through the stench of rock, nothing was known, one about one. They knew less that in Mr. Budinka, Evpraksii Vasilivna, youth had an affair with a student. But why didn’t I get out for the new zamіzh, I didn’t remember to get out.
Single female image The author portrays not just an old diva, but a special character. The woman, as if she did not remember the reasons for her independence after the only thing in her life novel, cannot claim to be those who want to respect her as a good subject of suspense. A right woman, like no one else, keeps in memory the skin fluff, carried out with a kohana person, and already, obviously, I don’t forget the reasons for raising stosunkiv. The heroine is spiritually empty, but the presence of spiritual values should not be bent. Live your life aimlessly, don’t give up to you empty, even if it’s a game of gwent, you’ll get angry when you buy it with cards, as if to remind you of a spiritual empty. Navit if Mikola Dmitrovich, one of the gravitators, sleepy, vibing and saying: “It’s like a lot of walking on the boulevard. So i go, so i go. . The heroine, like the master of the booth, respected herself with "goiter and chafing the diva of her guests." Її replica was always one and the same: “So, maybe, the weather is good. Ale chi do not start us? . Vona didn't know what the weather was like. Її pripuschenna, scho she is good, lied about the fact that on the streets, following the words of one of the graves, there were a lot of people, like they were walking. Nebazhannya just go over the top once again to bring її spiritual empty.
Evpraksiya Vasilivna, like a brother, I don’t require pennies, but if you don’t think it’s not for pennies, and to that, winning whether it’s a meager sum, “she put a lot of pennies around, at the treasury, and the stench was given richly important and dear, lower and higher credit cards, like you had to pay for the road to an apartment and see the government. Andreyev is naked, that he won the house for Mr. Boudinka, becoming the sensation of life (like an overcoat for Gogol's Bashmachkin).
It is necessary to bring information about the special life of one of them to the point that after the death of one of them it appeared that the heroes did not know his address. And about the foundation of a grown-up son, like about Maslennikov’s ailment with angina pectoris, with great excitement, they knew only one day ahead of the rapt death. Even today, critics and writers came to Visnovka, that Andriev, who was told not only about the past life of vulgar people, “ale and about those fatal forces, like zhorstok and mockery human share". And I’m less likely to mourn one of the graves after Maslennikov’s death, thinking: “The people lived for nothing and for nothing, as if all life wept a dream about those who would win the great sholom. I regret my first partner crying to the point that I didn’t have a moment to know about my own dreams, and I regret it to myself, to all, because the same “terrible and stupidly zhorstoke” will be with them, and with a mustache. The hero wept and lamented not about the people, for such a grave of rich fates he slept, but only about those that Maslennikov was so close to win, his sacred dream, but I didn’t know about the great sholom. I once blamed food, but what would happen, yakbi Maslennikov was left alive and knowing about the realization of his cherished dream? What would change if it were the rank of one's life? Why would spiritual values change? Obviously, no. Wingrash in the same rank without having stuck bi on the headless foundation of the hero. How and six rokiv slept until the end, the stench continued to grow and for nothing stained glass is the most important thing - life.
The most beautiful symbol of "that fatal force, as it is the order of heroes," buli cards. Andreyev pointed out that “the cards have long ago lost in the eyes of the heroes the meaning of soulless matter, and the skin suit, and in the suit the skin card is ok, it was individual and lived its own water-kremlin life.” It becomes clear that the cards "lived" and not the engravings. The graves were transformed into soulless matter, and the cards were cherished by their lives, became the rulers of those orders of their lands, and most of all - the sense of their empty life. “The bridges were loved and unloved, happy and unhappy. The cards were combined invariably differently, and the diversity was not subject to analysis, rules, but sometimes it was natural. And in the regularity of the tsієї, the life of the cards was considered, especially in the life of the people who played them. People wanted and strove for their own, and the cards fought their own, instead they reduced their will, their relish, their sympathy and primhi.
Everyone went to Mikoli Dmitrovich, however, in all suits, and the day was not long overdue, and all the cards looked like that, like guests in a hotel, like they come and go, go to that month, where they had a chance to spend a few days. Every once in a while, in the evenings, only twos and threes and small ones walked with a snarky and sly look. Zgidno with the author, the soul is not in the heroes, but in the cards. The graves were faceless, the one to whom it is like on the right, like the head heroes look. Adzhe step by step, that incomprehensibly head images of inscription melt the cards themselves, and the graves are transformed into suits, like the stench did not like so much. Maslennikov used to be uppovneniy, that you can’t even think of taking the great sholom, only to those who know about the yogo ban and don’t go to the new one to annoy. Volodiyuchi such power over the people, the card is a singing vector, which collapses only in that straight, in which it is handy.
“I vіn vdav, scho to you absolutely baiduzhe, like a gra in a new bude, and trying not to open a buyback. Rarely did you go into such a way to fool the cards; the stench sounded guessing, and, if the vines opened the buy-in, the three sixths laughed, and the king of peaks laughed gloomily, which stench was dragged out for the company. Symbolic є qi three shistki, yakі, zgidno z christian tradition, є the number of satan. That king of spades, as the master of all the unclean, is his adversary, against whom the grave of Maslennikov. Religious sensation is caught in rozpovidi, and it is obvious that those who are heroes, who are more for everything, were atheists, then, we are in front of you to tell the gra of the card, is not allowed by the church.
Oily letters are blind to all signs, like cards were “given” to you. “One Mikola Dmitrovich could never reconcile himself with the vicious right of cards, their stupidity and inconsistency. Lying down to sleep, thinking about those, like wins playing a great sholom for bezkoziers ... the axis comes one ace and more. Ale if, the spovneniya nadії vins, sіdav grati, damned chіstki again grinned their wide white teeth. The fast three sixths clearly pointed out to trouble, as if threatening Maslennikov, the stench seemed to be trying to “defend” Yogo, and even if it was not possible for people to take respect for such rubbish, that and now, as the goal was set and it was necessary to reach it by some way .
A lot of critics agree in one thought that none of the writers before Andreev did not resonate so much with their lines and farb, none of them took on such a thin shell, did not get angry so much to the point of demarcation between their inner, outer, light and sound creativity of Andreeva. In "The Great Sholomy", like Andreev's other descriptions, it is impossible not to mention the brevity of the characters' past history, as well as the presence of elaborate, detailed, objectively neutral images of social activity.
On the cob of advice, the author pays attention to better know the reader with feelings, moods and experiences of his hero, and also, how to put yourself up to a new point, and we’ll sweat it, but don’t forget it, remember the details of his splendid appearance and his biography’s strokes. The inner light of the character, which is autobiographical, is important for the author of the floor, and the background is important for the new life itself. Same internal capacities to convey to the people of the building to the breeze his daily life. And for Andreyeva it is unimportant, who is a rich hero, who is a vigilante like a church bear, but it is important for those who live and die - with love, avenge evil and injustice; farewell or condemnation.
Maxim Gorky, Andreyeva's closest friend and critic, having read The Great Sholom, having respected that the author, in his own words, "has made a difference between life and death." It’s impossible not to hear the roll call of L. N. Tolstoy’s story “The Death of Ivan III” (the hero is like, before the speech, all his words, all his voice in the picture and being taken seriously). The life of Andreyeva's heroes is so "singular" and "zhahliva", like the life of Tolstoy's character, and death for them is such a podia, as if it zmushuє in a new way, more broadly and meaningfully look at yourself, and at everything that you see. Ale Andrєєv, and in his own testimony, I do not care for the need to enter into the details of the description of the special and business biography of his characters. Breaking the life of the heroes and more lower by the way of setting them up to everything, which is not a little reminiscent of the gris, it’s not enough to convey in one phrase. Vaughn is repeatedly repeated in the work and, without a trace, with its own key to the understanding of the artist’s infamous idea: “So the stench was played in summer and winter, spring and autumn. The old world is poked with an air of yoke of inexhaustible wear, now red in blood, now drenched in tears, deafening its paths in the expanse of stogons of ailments, those hungry and crippled.
The topic of fate and fatal conditions near the share of the people Andreyev, already at the first of his instigations, began to explore more in detail that was destroyed, lower than others. In the analyzed "Great Sholomy" - all those who are associated with "visible" manifestations of mysterious and mystical fatality in the lives of heroes. Chuyny to new vіyan in literature, V.G. in vipadkovіy grі kartkovіh combinations nіbi vіdchuvaє chias taєmnicha vіdomіst, mockery of that evil.
Tsya "taєmnicha svіdomіst", karuє karuє "vipadkovy thunder of card combinations", especially uncovered on the evidence. Andrєєv tsim I want to say that the life of a person has a blind mood, that his share is controlled by a “chief taєmnichoї” will, for which it is impossible not to admire, and I will show logic and illogicality that it is impossible to explain and understand. Irrespective of the evil signs of the “hidden” will, Maslennikov arrogantly pragmatically builds his own dream. And in this pragmatic wine you throw, let it go and even more fearful, viklik share, to that fatal chain of furnishings, like to bring Yogo to death for a sprat of khvilin before that, as this dream became reality. At the sight of Tolstoy Ivan Illich Maslennikov, one cannot guess about his imminent death. In a different turn and wines, like before Ivan the Illich, it is possible, having turned to greater strength, to New, with nourishment, to protest: “Have you grown everything?”.
The peculiarity of rozpovidi є vіdsutnіst dynamics of the plot. Here everything is focused in one point, brought down to a description of one of the simplest things, that rіk y rіk repeats “dії” - a card grey, innocent, dry rose, according to how much everything else appears less
background. And this “background” is life itself, which makes a dull noise outside the window, in the distance, alien and only a little bit here vrivvaetsya. At the center of the composition there is a fixation of the situation, in which there is a gra, setting before it її uchasnikі, heroes of the advocacy, as if it were a serious, dreadful occupation, to instill some kind of urochist ritual: “. At the kіmnati panuvala it is necessary to take silence ... And the stench began. The high room, which subdued the sound with its soft furniture and curtains, became deaf. The resting place indistinctly collapsed with a fluffy kilim. .
Here, there may not be a noticeable human movement, roses: stink! Mikola Andriyovich, who loves to talk about the weather, has fame in his company of "light and wrong people." Everything that I pose a thunder, chitachevі mayzhe nevidomo, and tse, zvichayno, notices and successive accents by the author of the reception. I don’t say anything about my service, about the camp in the household, about this, for a little bit of short information about the owners of the apartment (their own brother and sister, the wife and the old lady), remarks that blame the same direct zv’yazka z thunder, what motivates the choice of the place for the selection of gravel.
Svoєridnі in opіvіdnі artistic hour that way, yakim won't be introduced in rozpovid. Depicted here is deaf, the quiet room is somehow impenetrable for the hour, for the enchantment of the call. But the hour of the great world seems to break through here: tell the heroes about themselves the right Dreyfus. Naiviraznіshe - how you see it. “In his time, Maslennikov strongly stormed his partners. Shchoraz, coming, once again, say one or two phrases about Dreyfus. Yakiv Ivanovich was the first to shamen and pointing at the steel: Is it not yet an hour? . Talk about Dreyfus
Less than a forward move to the head under, gvinta. And there is no change, change in the lives of the diyovih osibs of the “Great Sholom” for an hour of their thriving teeth, otherwise the change is not mentioned here. Zniknennya from the field to the dawn of anyone from the gravity of the turbuє їx is less like the presence of a partner. Znik Mikola Dmitrovich: it appeared that Yogo Sin was arrested. “Everyone was cheering, because they didn’t know that Maslennikov had a son, it’s possible, if they said it, they all forgot about it.”
In all of them, wisely, the Poles had a bit of ironic intelligence. In the end of the mind, the very rose of the confession (the death of one of the heroes in the joy of happiness through a happy card that fell on one part) and the epilogue following her (no one knows how the deceased is alive), which brings to the point of absurdity the key moment of the confession - the impenetrability of people alone for one, fіktsії splkuvannya Ale for all tsim cost vbivcha life reliability. The very characters, individualities, the ice is named here, they are crying, the dumb ones come to life in the same way, in grі, and they are one in the same manner of grati (one - Yakiv Ivanovich, not in the world of charms and pedantic; the other - Mikola Dmitrovich - quavery, hot, and shy to the risky, the third - Evpraksiya Vasilivna - nerishucha; the fourth - Prokopiy Vasilovich - skeptically mistrustful and frowning).
Everything that I pose a thunder, the author is closed for the reader is not without prejudice, and we believe that people who are similar to Andriiv's heroes, indeed, can be alive, animated, found at the card table. Such is the motor-driven irony of the hero's lot: his life was short, burned to a minimum, went to the point, turned to one worthless, mechanical, soulless busyness. In such an artistic world, the characters, the peculiarities of the characters, may be indistinguishable, invisible to us, for that stink cannot be cast one for one. Nevipadkovo in the description of the characters in "Great Sholom" it appears as (it would have seemed marvelous in the image of a small number of people) insignificance: "old", "brother of Evpraksii Vasilivna" is thin.
Without investing oneself, one’s souls in what they did, a person looks into the world, into the wild life, into the people, into the quiet, out of kim, it would be possible, to join long-term fates. This real process, which is characteristic of the suspіlstva, de panuє kapital, which roz'ednuє people, gostro vіdobrazheniya in the images of the "Great Sholom". It is worth investigating a lot of prospects for following the motif of grit and rock in Russian literature, as well as the tradition and innovations of L. Andreev in the development of the symbolism of yoga “small prose”. Insanely, the study of this problem is not intermedium with the article, and to that the problem will be further explored within the framework of the dissertation study.
Bibliographic request
1. Andreev L. N. Report of the report: In 2 vols. - M., 1971. - T. 2.
2. Achatova A.V. Originality to the genre of L. Andreev’s introduction to the cob of the 1900s. - Tashkent, 1977.
3. Ezuїtova L. A. Creativity L. Andreeva. - L., 1976.
4. Moskovkina I. I. Prose L. Andreeva. Genre system, poetics, mystic method. - H., 1994.
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