Daniel Defoe - biography, photo, life history of the writer. Biography of Daniel defoe Biography of Daniel defoe
It seems that the writer was born in 1660 in London in the same time as a meat trader. Batko wanted to become a pastor (the birthplace of the Bula was near the Svіtorian), and the future writer began to study at the spiritual seminary, but for unreasonable reasons, due to the spiritual car'єri, Daniel, like Yogo, father, happened to be engaged in trade.
Starting from 1681, they start writing poetry on religious topics. In 1685, having taken the fate of the rebels of Monmouth against James II Stuart, then joining the Newington Academy, deriving Greek and Latin, and after її ending again, taking up trade and richly raising the price of Europe, learning movi, I choose movi
Merchant, writer, spy
In 1697, he wrote his first great literary tvir and scientific treatise, then published a piece of satirical works, in some way xenophobia. For one of them, to instill condemnations to a ganebny stupa that conviction. After a deaky hour, you will be released into the wild and continue to take up business.
Apparently, Defoe was not just engaged in trade, but a spy for the English king; deyakі navit vvazhayut, scho that this hour was the head of the "reconnaissance service" of Britain (not officially in the state service, but majestically poured into the king and order, heeded his thought; nayіmovіrnіshe, yogo was let out of the the new obitsyanki often actively spy on the greed of the state).
In 1719 Defoe wrote and saw his shortest novel Robinson Crusoe. Based on the wines, taking real podії, scho vіdbulis 1704 rock. This novel is not only about the simple survival of a person in the wild, this novel is a hymn of civilization and a peculiar retrospective of a path, broken by people: from barbarism (selection of that field) to progress (farming, bestiality, handicrafts).
Other options for biography
- In 1724, a writer under the pseudonym Charles Johnson published a twirl under the title "The sacred history of piracy" (first published in Russia in 1999). Tse neimovirno tsіkavy tvіr, which is based on the documents, yakі zberigalis in the Ministry of the colony of Britain. This book contains the most reliable description of the life and use of such pirates as Bartholomew Roberts, Black Beard, Stid Bonnet, John Rackham.
- Few people know that Daniel Defoe wrote a continuation of the fortunes of Captain Crusoe. Moreover, the novel-prodovzhennya is given to the so-called Great Tatarstan (nowadays Russia, Mongolia and Tatarstan). The author describes the nature of the Great Tatarstan, and tries to find out from his own creation history, about the peoples, the inhabitants (Russian, Siberian Cossacks, Tatars, Mongols, Chinese).
- A short biography of Daniel Defoe will be played in the 5th grade, if you have an hour of literature lessons to get to know such a creation as Robinson Crusoe.
- Defoe, a great reader as the author of the novel "Robinson Crusoe", wrote large number the most famous creations (there are over 500 deacons fakhivts): pamphlets and scientific pamphlets, novels to satirical descriptions, eat that kind of first person. The writer is respected by the founder of such a direct way as economic journalism.
- It seems that in his journalistic robots Defoe propagated tolerance, freedom of speech, that bourgeois prudence, which was extremely unusual for that hour.
Defoe Daniel (1660-1731) - an English writer and a hromada child, the author of over 560 works of various genres (es, pamphlets, novels).
My father dreamed that when he became a priest, Daniel Defoe began to study at the Puritan Theological Academy, however, he gained good knowledge of geography, astronomy, history, French and Spanish, becoming a merchant. The fathers of the writer bore the nickname Fo, until a bit of “de” was added to the year.
In the middle of the 70s, Defoe opened his career as a journalist, writing pamphlets on the topic of the day. Having protected the interests of the Puritan bourgeoisie from rich creations, speaking out against the aristocracy, glorifying the freedom and thought of the people. For the hardness of his pamphlets, Defoe paid with his will. Vіn buv judgments to the point of aggravation of that ganebny stupa. Ale yurbi londontsiv Defoe lived, if vin biv bіla ganebny stovp. When Defoe is aggravated, he sees his newspaper, de defending the freedom of speech.
Crime of journalism, Daniel Defoe having created low novels. The first novel - "Robinson Crusoe" (1719) was written when Defoe wrote 60 years. The novel, crazy, playing one of the key roles in the creative biography of Daniel Defoe. This enlightened creation is famous for its human spirit, intelligence, pracity. The novel has become a kind of encyclopedia of the socio-economic and moral ideas of Enlightenment, translating rich language with the world and calling out a superbly rich heritage. The image of Robinson has risen to light literature as an eternal image, which makes a person stand out in front of hardships, to survive in the foldable minds of life. The novel became a hymn for a sensible civilized person. Daniel Defoe discovered a new genre in world literature - robinsonade.
The brilliant writer died near London in 1731.
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Name: Daniel Defoe
Vik: 70 years
City of people: London
Mist of death: London
Duration: English writer
Family camp: non-friends
Daniel Defoe - biography
The fellows rarely called Yogo a writer, often a non-guitar, or, as if disrespectfully throwing another genius, Jonathan Swift: "I forget Yogo's name."
Energetic, inquisitive, merciful, in disguise of negligent, ale virazim and strong. Medium-sized, thin, smart-looking, with a bulky nose and prominent (“lamb-like”, as the enemies wrote) pidboriddy. Before that, at the kutka of the company, there was a large red flame (“like a targan roaring”).
The share of Daniel Defoe, the author of everything known "Robinson Crusoe" and not only yogo, was not smooth: "Thirteen times becoming rich and new again" - writing wine to himself. The family is great, the Borg are great, the faceless enemies, the fallowness of the patrons. I - life, beyond mysteries.
Childhood, sіm'ya
Daniel Defoe was born around 1660 near London near the town of Cripplegate. Yogo father, the London butcher James Foe, was the bastard of the Flemish Protestants, who flowed to England from the Spaniards. Vіn vіdraviv sin to a private Protestant seminary. Ale, in 19 years, the young man virishiv, that yoga way is not preaching, but practical activity.
Daniel became a pratsyuvati for a haberdashery wholesaler. You can do it in England, Spain, Portugal and France. Todі well uper viyshov by the sea. Junius Daniel was tormented by the sea ailment - just like the year of yoga Robinzin: “My head was spinning, my legs trembled, I was tired, I didn’t fall a little. Shorazu, if a lot of sickness came on the ship, I thought that I would sink at once. Shorazu, if the ship fell from the high crest of the whil, I’ll be peven, so I’ll never rise again ... "
At this road, Daniel was threatened by a nebezpeka and more terrible: an Algerian privateer having retraced his ship. I yakby without the appearance of a coast guard ship, light, better for everything, having used Defoe's bi novels. Ale and after that, as the sailors of the Viysk sailors saw the pirates, the trouble did not pass. Varto bulo vladі know on board the vantage of smuggled wine - and Daniel, that and the whole crew, would have paid the price. I had a chance to drink a barrel and drink ryativnikov.
Farther away, Defoe's share was also connected with the wine trade - having engaged in it, your father-in-law, with the daughter of such a Meri Tafli Daniel, lived until his death and gave birth to you 8 children. In the meantime, the hat brought you a majestic dowry of 3,700 pounds, like a wine on the right. It was given, the merchant pishov near the mountain. But here in Yogo's biographies a mystery settles.
Daniel Defoe and politics
At this point, the story of his participation in the insurgent Duke of Monmouth is drawn, which maw see on the throne. Vlada strangled the vistup and roared against those who were reckoned to the new cruel terror. Daniel bachili mid povstalikh - the tops of that with a zbroї. What was enough to bring yoga to Shibenitsa. Ale vin buv amnesties. Miracle! Abo.
In 1688, a coup d'etat still took place: the Dutch prince Wilhelm of Orange became king. And in this army, Daniel Defoe was again commended... Behind the words of the writer, he became one of the closest followers of the new king. It would be possible to come up with a version that he was a dependent agent, some kind of pratsyuvav and on the fallen Yakov, and on the houses of Orange.
Ale, not without delay, a business catastrophe overtook him, as if he suspected that even a well-known person wants to just get lost. Although, at first glance, the businessman was banally burned out: when he was engaged in manufacturing, he occupied large sums, and creditors unreasonably paid pennies back. Pіdsumok-bankruptcy. None of the vociferous patrons interceded for him. It's true, Defoe wasn't imprisoned even before Borgo's bunker. It’s already good - at the will of wine, accept it, don’t let it perish in your sins for that hour already rich sіm'ї. But at that moment, life became even more mysterious.
Daniel Defoe - master of nonsense
The London-based seer John Danton saw the newspaper, which is shaped by the opinions on the supply of readers. "Athinian Mercury" is popular among the widest stakes. The nutrition was more relevant, for example: “Why can you call the queen “Mada”?” Pratsyuyuchi there, Defoe's vinaish method, which he himself called "plausible nonsense." Vіn adding to the text the greatest respect for the smallest details, creating an unreasonably realistic picture. And the axis of the skil of truth in yoga publicists and prose - put it neatly.
Also, the genres of economic, criminal and political journalism fell asleep. I became the first to work with the right interview. However, God alone knows how much the stench is right. They pretended that Defoe, having come before the interviews, had already written the text and reconsidered quietly confirmed the correctness of his words. Problyav and sumnіvnіshi speech. For example, writing articles under various pseudonyms for and against the king, vigiv, torui, catholics, anglicans, puritans and navit... himself.
Two pamphlets by Defoe-satire at the top "Pure-bred English" and "The easiest way to get in touch with dissidents" - supported the supremacy. The first one has a myth about the purity of English blood. The other one spoofed the puritans, but really vismuavated their opponents. Everyone read the pamphlets. But here, Defoe's patron king Wilhelm III died inconclusively, and the pamphleteer zukhvaliy zashishivsya without zakhistu. Vіn hovavsya, buv spіymaniy i suzhdeniya until v'yaznitsi, great fine and ganebny stupa.
Three long, smoky, sticky days of 1703 passed Defoe's fate on the streets of London with his head and hands squeezed into the stocks. In the midst of a heavy sweat, his eyes stung unbearably, his whole body felt terribly, especially his hands.
At the convicts, they were allowed to babble everything that was worth it, and it used to be that they were beaten to death. However, at Defoe, not only stones and rubbish flew, but th ... kvity. Among the city dwellers, a few yogo shanuvalniks appeared.
Vizvoliv yogo Robert Harley, future secretary of state and lord treasurer. For this reason, the writer became an informational force of power. Having started seeing the newspaper “Oglyad” on their pennies, having continued those who worked for the “Mercury of Athens”: putting it in the name of readers, and writing great reviews on them. Prihovanno shaping a bagan for vlady a huge thought.
At the same time, the Secretary General gave you and unsafe instructions. Є sheet, writings by Defoe Harley sche z v'yaznitsі. Tse razgornuty memorandum about the organization of development and counter-education services. Ale at spying Defoe is no less a theoretician. One of my yogo missions is a trip to Scotland.
We are guilty of preparing the ground for the residual association of yoga with England. Defoe traveled all over the country under the guise of a merchant, a fisherman, a priest, a clergyman, using operational pseudonyms. Zavdannya vikonav bliskuche. Bli and missions on the continent. “Before the hour of my inspection trips outside England, I breathe in the aroma of spying with all my breasts,” he wrote. Looks like it was right for you.
Daniel Defoe - books
But if Defoe has learned to write so well? .. Biographies take an hour to spend with him on trips, and he complies with what he wrote at once and is inspired by the faith that one person worked. And just the same was created by the most amazing creators, including Robinson Crusoe. Zagalom Defoe, having written over 500 books, journals and pamphlets on the most controversial topics.
Daniel Defoe still had a little time sitting at the yard, so I didn’t dare to pay off the Borg. Rokіv up to 60 vіdіyshov vіd shpigunskih sprav. Prodovzhuvav hovatisya in the name of creditors, and maybe, in the face of the evil enemies ...
The rest of the river of yoga life is zhahlivy. Postiyni threats and peresleduvannya finished off the old - vіn shibnuv. Pishov from home, calling someone else's name, often moving from place to place, trying to replace the follow. Less than 1731 Defoe's rock turned to London. Having settled in the most distant district of the city, he died on his own without a hitch. Close friends did not know about yoga death - the apartment gentleman was engaged in the funeral.
Daniel Defoe - English writer, publicist, journalist, founder of economic journalism, popularizer of the novel genre in Great Britain, author of the novel about Robinson Crusoe - born around 1660. not far from the English capital, in Cripplegate. Batko, a meat merchant, having prepared a yogo car'єri Presbyterian pastor and having taught at a theological seminary, the Morton Academy at Stoke Newington, de yogo sin vivchav classical literature, as well as Latin and Greek. Prote Defoe, the young, caused another way - commercial activity, trade.
After the end of the academy of wines, he started working until a panchish trade in a clerk, repeatedly working on business trips to Spain, Portugal, France, Italy. Nadali wines, having added in the fire panchishne virobnitsvo, it was in the early stages of the biography of the management of that great factory, which let out the whole tile. This sensi Defoe had his own hour: there were few such merchants-adventurers, and wines stumbled in the midst of silence, whose commercial activities ended in bankruptcy.
However, undertaking was far from the only interest of Daniel Defoe; Vіn having lived a better life and a richer life. Being a young man, taking an active part in political life, he was one of the quiet ones who stood up against King James II Stuart, then moved to different places, to get away from being stigmatized.
The activity on the territory of literature began with pamphlets and satirical verses, as well as prose treatises dedicated to nutrition under the responsibility. In 1701 p. Defoe, writing a pamphlet "Pure-blooded English", a kind of vismіyuvav aristocracy. That gain in brand popularity: yoga was sold on the streets, and all 80,000 copies were immediately sold out. For the pamphlet, the government sued Yogo to a hellish stovp, a gigantic fine, and imprisoned him in prison until the punishment. If Defoe was standing beside a ganebny stovp, the inhabitants of London came to yogo support, but a good reputation was given to chimali beats, and, while they were sitting at the pit, yogo commercial enterprise - the plant that viroblev tile, - in fact, fell apart.
Prison incarceration could be much longer, and the prospects - unclear, yakbi Daniel Defoe did not get around Robert Harley, riverman of the chamber of communities, minister. After that, Defoe worked as a secret agent, collecting in England and Scotland various information for the patron. Harley in 1704 vlastuvav yogo to the state service - in the form of a periodic appearance of the "Rev'yu", de obov'yazki yomu was given the writing of that editing of articles. Vision woke up until 1713, Defoe's comments on the period of work in the Review became the most important of his works of a political nature.
Working hard on the ground of journalism, Daniel Defoe write and create literary. In 1719 p. the book "The Life and Wonderful Uses of Robinson Crusoe" swayed the world - a tvir that increased the treasures of world literature and brought the authors of splendid successes. On the same note, Defoe wrote in the same roci “Come on Robinson Crusoe”, and through the river - another rozpovid-prodovzhennya, but the glory of “Life is that good ...” seemed unattainable. Itself with this creation, which embraces the strength of the human spirit, its inexorable will to life, associates us with the name of Daniel Defoe, even though this creative work was even richer and more diverse for themes, genres, scale.
There are more and more works to be written in the pen, among them the novels Joy and Mole Flanders (1722), Happy Courtesan, or Roxanne (1724), Life, use those pirate exploits of the illustrious Captain Singleton (17) Colonel Jack " (1722), Pratsi "Completions of the English merchant", "Maritime trade atlas", "Historical history of piracy", "More expensive on the entire island of Great Britain". Died Daniel Defoe in 1731 p. at London.
Daniel Defoe is called the first British writer, who popularized the novel genre. A brilliant publicist and a prolific writer, having presented readers with five thousand books, articles, pamphlets, which touched on the widest palette of topics. Defoe wrote about politics, religion, economics, psychology and the supernatural.
Vin became the founder of economic journalism and propagandist of bourgeois reasoning. Vyboryuvav for freedom of speech that religious self-determination. Ale smut - Daniel Defoe, having presented the people with a groggy novel, for the motives of which dozens of novels and stories have been written, films and serials have been made.
Childhood and youth
The exact date of the birth of Defoe is unknown. The future novelist appeared near the London district of Cripplegate around 1660 at the same time as a local meat merchant and a candle factory manager. The fathers of Daniel Fo - this is how the name of the writer should sound - were adherents of Presbyterianism, Protestant directness, which spired to the doctrine of John Calvin.
The fathers bacheled the son of the future Presbyterian pastor, to that at the 14th century he was appointed to the theological seminary. Having finished її, Fo joined the Protestant Academy at Stoke Newington. The lad prospered in classical literature, miraculously knowing Latin and Greek, but did not choose to become a pastor: Daniel was attracted by commerce, trading on the right.
After graduating from the academy, Daniel Defoe, for the pleasure of his father, was in power in the office of a panchish firm, as if he traded with foreign post-workers. 19-year-old Daniel, having mastered the basics of accounting in the office, and at the same time worked as a clerk at the storeroom selling panchokhs.
In the middle of the 1680s, Defoe learned that he learned everything and took up business: he opened a Panchokhov firm in Cornhill, and successfully practiced 10 years. Then the businessman mastered new directions: trading in wine, tyutyun virobs and everyday materials.
Expanding business, traveling to France, visiting Portugal and Spain. Daniel Defoe, familiar with the life of Europe, having learned about the life of the population at the trivaly working outfits, Daniel Defoe.
Participants described the Briton as a risky businessman who indulged in dubious undertakings and repeated ruins. Aleksey Defoe, knowing the solution, helped them to turn the pennies.
Let's go to business, the British chirped in political and religious matters. In the 1680s, the future novelist took the fate of the rebel Duke of Monmouth, who spoke out against the policies of the remaining British Catholic King James VII. Vlad strangled the rebels and strategized Monmouth. Daniel Defoe hid in the wake of the retrials and marvelously hid in the early morning.
Literature
The beginning of the creative biography of an English prose writer is called the year 1697, when Daniel Defoe wrote the first book, which was called “Document about projects”.
I'm British made up in the fatherland after 2 years after the publication of a satirical pamphlet at the top of the verse "Pure-blooded English", in a kind of xenophobia. The pamphlet was driven to creation by attacks on foreigners and king William of Orange. Defoe fiercely defending the reforms of the liberals and the revolution, the new one had an army of shanuvalniks and enemies.
The writer foresaw the nobility, the family coat of arms with three griffins and lilies, as well as the Norman root, having received a part of “de” to the common folk nickname. Unexpectedly, Mr. De Foe got angry at one word.
In 1702, the author of the clave wrote a new pamphlet under the title "The easiest way to get rid of disenters." On the back of the parliamentarians, like the author, having pleased the Protestants with a way to send them to the galleries and hanging on the stovpah, they cheered, but they understood the trick: the author was aware of them.
The successors of Defoe's work called TV a literary undertaking of history. The text was scribbled in the style of a galas, that the pamphleteer was voiced at the rozshuk. They arrested me for a pivroka, imposed a penny fine and condemned me to a hell of a stovp.
Serednyovіchna bula was sick: over the convict mali the right to know the street roses, lackeys. The ale of Daniel Defoe was unstoppable for the vlady, covered with kvіtami, and he wrote the pamphlet “Hymn to the ganebny stovp” at the katіvnyah while sleeping on the Maidans and the streets.
The writer, driven by the Borg, was sent for a secret work on the British order. "Agent pouring in" goiter was showing the robot the power of the visual light. And yet Defoe was turned into a secret agent in Scotland, zmusivshi spying and telling the English order about the opposition’s activity and injecting publications into the mentality of the Scots.
After a publicist on a loose mind, they paid a fine for the new king's treasury, and Defoe, as if he had fallen on the middle of starvation, was given a penny. The space for the appearance of articles by a popular satirist among the people was the side of the "Observer" - a newspaper that is sponsored by the English government.
It is unlikely that contemporary writers would have known about the foundation of the publicist Daniel Defoe, if they had not presented them with a masterpiece, which grown-up children love today. A novel about sailors from York, who after spending a ship accident on a deserted island, first appeared in 1719.
I thought of creating about Robinson Crusoe from the 59-year-old author after reading a story about the Scottish sailor Oleksandr Selkirk, who lived on a deserted island, which is washed by the winds of the Pacific Ocean, 4 rocks. sailor, scho ruined by revealing the captain of the ship Woods Rogers. Win and write a book that squandered on Defoe's eyes.
Then we'll show up a drawing about the usefulness of Selkirk, which will spark even more interest in the character. Daniel Defoe depicted the story of the hermit, supplementing it with divine details and transforming it into a hoarse novel, which cheered up millions of readers of the planet. Yogo hero Robinson Crusoe lived on the island for 28 years.
The success of the book seems to be shrill, and the author of the clave is continued. Vono showed up less tsikavim, lower first, but also turning the respect of millions of readers. The hero's writer "settled" near the Great Tataria - the voyager land, under which Russia, Mongolia and Tatarstan toil on the shores.
After another book-prodovzhennyam came a third - like a friend, not equal in reading success with the first novel.
On food, chi buvav british novelist in Russia (in another book about the use of Crusoe describes Siberia, Arkhangelsk), the contributors insist that they are not. The writer knew a little about the Russian tsars. In Russia, Defoe's shanuvalniks appeared 100 years after the publication of the novel: more than in the other half of the 19th century, the country was born a mass reader.
Peru writer and publicist, who is often signed by Charles Johnson, has 500 works. In the 1720s, he published the book "The sacred history of piracy." Chotiri romani appeared at that rock, among them Joy and Mole Flenders and The Plague Rock Scammer. One hour Daniel Defoe wrote and practiced trading.
In 1726, the novelist's chanelers gave birth to a new book - the novel "More expensive than England and Scotland." In the novels, the British were overwhelmed by the historical and usefulness of those.
Life Specialist
The writer made friends in 1684. Winning for the team spіvvіtchiznitsa Meri Tafflі - a girl with a rich postage. After 8 years of May 4,000 pounds sterling in Mary, like a protection for a merchant, bankruptcy faded.
The druzhina gave birth to the highest children. The life of this world was obscured by the re-investigation of the power of that creditors. Defoe lived in the criminal quarter of Mint, where the London villains lingered, then near Bristol. Daniel Defoe, having left the houses less than shonedil - at the end of the day, the guards were harrowed.
Death
Vmirav omnisvetno vіdomiy romanіst na samotі. Oshukaniy him seen rewatching Defoe and rearranging rest river living in hell. Crossing over in the wake of the next, Daniel Defoe, leaving his family, moving from place to place, and if he saw him, having caught up with him and tried to pierce him with a sword, the 70-year-old writer of razzbroїv opponent.
God-willed in the face of fear and post-threat threats, Defoe hovavsya under other people's names, knowing apartments and rooms. In 1731, the writer, having rented a house near a remote area of London, de and died on the same day. The order was not boulo n_ squads, n_ eight blues. The blues rose on the trade fairs, the daughters went abroad and became families. Shukati dad in the netry of London was not for anyone.
The cause of the novelist's death is called an attack of lethargy. Klopit z organizing the funeral took on the master of the apartment, and then, in order to blow the wind, she brought the speeches of the dead lodger, who was left out, to the auction. Newspapers commented on the death of the novelist with short obituaries, richly ironic, calling Defoe "the largest bulker of the Republic of Grub Street" - in the street of London, where the authors of the low shtibu were chosen.
On the grave of the writer, that publicist, a slab appeared, as if it was overgrown with grass. Ale through a hundred years, in 1870, the British tabloid ran up to the lads and girls of the country to donate pennies to the monument to Daniel Defoe - the centennial slab shattered due to the impact of the bliskavka. Thousands of chanuvalniks chimed in. A granite monument appeared on the grave with the words: “To the riddle about the author of Robinson Crusoe.”
Bibliography
- 1719 - "Robinson Crusoe"
- 1719 - "The Coming Good of Robinson Crusoe"
- 1720 - "King of pirates"
- 1720 - "The Life of the Pirate's Use of the Glorious Captain Singleton"
- 1720 - "Memoirs of a gentleman
- 1722 - "Plague Doom Scammer"
- 1722 - "Joys and accompaniment of the famous Moll Flanders"
- 1722 - "History of Colonel Jack"
- 1724 - "Happy courtesan, abo Roxana"
- 1724 - "The sacred history of piracy"
- 1726 - "History of the Devil"
