The legend about the birds of the Udmurt mythology. Mifi and retell
- a complex of ancient manifestations and beliefs of the Udmurt people, which was taken from folklore, rituals and elements of folk decorative and uzhitkovy art. The Udmurt divine pantheon has dozens of gods, divine and mythological facts. The supreme god is Inmar (Immar), the deity can, light, white, great. The second god, who carries a positive, kind ear - Mukil-chin, the god of the Earth, the creator and creator of everything. Your main opponent is Lud abo Keremet, the guardian of the ruinous, fortune-telling people.
Udmurt mythology includes a whole pantheon of negative characters, to which one can see, first for everything, the spirits of ailments: mizh (psuvannya), cher (ailment), shukkem (paralysis), sin usen (priest). The lower deities and spirits of the Udmurts: Korkakuze - a house elf, Minchokuze - a bannik, Bakchakuze - a city dweller. The ancient Udmurt priests fell for the servants of the highest rank and their assistants.
The priest (toro) did not participate in the ceremonies most of the attempts. Having consecrated the ceremonies of dei and following their order, I have consecrated my presence. Under the hour of the rite, the clergymen and other participants dressed themselves in white robes. The sanctuary (kuala) was a life of logs made of earthen underlay. From the new one, sacred objects were saved, which belonged to the patron spirit of the family. In the presence of magic rituals recognized by various deities, there were few sacrifices and trees present. For example, when worshiping Inmar-Kuazyu - a domestic creature of a white suit, that yalina is thin.
The basic basis for the development of Udmurt mythology is Finno-Ugric mythology.
In the world of the disintegration of the Finno-Ugric and Proto-Permian spirits, Udmurt mythology began to take shape. In the course of its molding, it recognized a significant influx of spiritual culture, a bunch of random steppe peoples (Scythians, Sarmatians, Alans), then Turkic nomadic peoples, and especially the Volz Bulgars, and, Nareshti, starting from the middle of 2 yew. n. i.e. the spiritual culture of the Udmurts began to make a great influx from the side of the Russian state and the Russians, which became even stronger under the Christianization of the Udmurts in the XVII-XIX centuries. Describing the infusion of Islam and Christianity into the Udmurt mythology, the deacons speak about religious syncretism.
The successors in Udmurt mythology see a sprinkling of layers: Finno-Ugric (heavenly deity, a myth about pirnanny behind the earth); Iranian (cult of bik, horse); Turkic Muslim (antagonism of positive and negative deities); Russian folk-Christian. I think that the ancient Finno-Ugric cosmogonical myth about pirnanny for the earth could not be saved by the Udmurts, but the re-positioning of the landed peoples or the hour of Christianity.
Sacrifices among the Udmurts were special, family and community.
The rest of the boules were connected with the state's needs (cob of field work, picking bread) or with misfortunes and hardships (hunger, pestilence, dryness). In the midst of the christenings of the Udmurts, the elements of dvovirstva were chanted, if the Orthodox made sacrifices, hanging with a Christian prayer service. Nini among the Udmurts of the Republic of Bashkortostan (Tatishli district and others.) remembers the deyak trend to the revival of ancient mythological manifestations through the language of language.
Sergeev Yu.M. ta іn Paganism // Bashkortostan: A short encyclopedia. - Ufa, 1996; Vladikin V.Y. Religious and mythological picture of the world of the Udmurts. - Izhevsk, 1994.
ADDITION
UDMURT MYTHOLOGY
Viruvannya Udmurtiv(history and present)
Udmurt is one of the Orthodox peoples of Northern Europe. For example, XIX - on the cob of the XX century. The stench was especially persistent among the unbaptized pivdenno-Udmurt population, and often among the Christianized Udmurt pivnichny and central regions of modern Udmurtia.
During the period, the national religion of the Udmurts was a chimerical synthesis of predominantly Christian and pre-Christian beliefs with the inclusion of pre-Islamic, Muslim and other elements 1 . Tsomu spriya low furnishing. The head of rice is the life of the brotherhood with other peoples of the Christianity of the Udmurts.
Appealing to the old-fashioned zvichaїv and glancing bula zumovlena equal to the socio-economic and spiritual development of the Udmurt middle society, not ready to accept the religion of socially-ranked society.
Chimalu played the role of the tradition of spiritualizing the forces of natural sharpening, the wealth of the ethnos is strong dovkillam residence. On the other hand, traditional cult was one of the ethnic origins of the Udmurt culture, a strong indicator of "Udmurtness". The preservation of the syncretism of the Udmurt religions was taken over by the super-nativity of the Russian-Orthodox and Turkic-Muslim religions for the influx of the Finno-Ugric population of the region.
The main pre-Christian deities: their functions, the place of the pantheon
The pantheon of gods and spirits, having seen the different natural elements, the manifestations of the visible and the invisible world, the functions of that sphere inflow between the deities were not always clearly demarcated. Apparitions about deities and spirits recognized strong transformations under the infusion of Orthodoxy. Pantheon of pagan gods of reconstructions on the basis of the data of the contemporaries and Ukrainians of the XVIII–XIX centuries. 2
the greater deities buli sky god Inmar(nі means the Christian God), the god-creator, and the god of the earth and kindred Kildisin(ninі means guardian angel). Among the pivnіchnyh Udmurtіvs, to the deities of the highest rank, i Kuaz(God of the atmosphere and weather phenomena). Before these gods, the hour of ritual ceremonies was turned up with prohannyam and hymn prayers.
Inmar- the head heavenly god, non-anthropomorphic, non-personalized heavenly deity of Udmurt mythology. Theonim is etymological as "heaven, heavenly" ( inm'sky' + suffix ar), "heavenly" ( in'sky', birch'why'). Take into account that the image of the Udmurt Inmara descend to the primordial-Ugric deity, whose name was tied with the name of the sky, repeat ( ilma, guma): Finnish, Kar. Ilmarinen, Saami. Ilmaris, come Vin and other gods of the Finno-Ugric peoples.
Udmurt statements about the supreme god Inmare to milk the same, stable and whole songs.
Vin dzherelo all good and good, the creator of people and the whole world. The soundness of this character symbolizes the traditional manifestation of people about the sky, the celestial sphere. Submission Inmara over the other deities, they rose under the infusion of religious religions - Islam and Christianity.
Value Kildisina was marked by two most important moments. The first injunction from the intercession of the woman and the її building of the people of the children. Another moment vyznavsya tim scho Kildisin having sprinkled the generosity of the earth and all the growths, but on the new growth - grasses and chlibiv. Vіd roztashuvannya yogo to people laying a sprinkling of thinness and wild animals (perhaps, in the distance, polyuvannya on zvirіv and birds).
Linguistics (V. I. Litkin, E. S. Gu-lyaev, T. E. Uotila) Kildisin maє zagalnopermskoe pojennya, pretending to be a word swear'what do you do, what do you do, zaplіdnyu' plus ін, ін'Druzhina, zhіnka, mother, mother-in-law, female' (in movі komі, vodi ta saami). For svіdchennyam dzherel cob XX century. Kildisin linger in heaven, borrow after the sky god Inmara another place in the pantheon (the functions of the deity of the earth and kinship), an intermediary role between the main god Inmarom that people.
Earth twin Kildisina – Mu-Kilchin/Kilchin-mumi take care of a woman's disguise, linger in the middle of the earth, every function of mother earth ( Muzyom-mumi). Kildisin having put a majestic infusion on people and denoting a share of their skin, for Yogo had a happy, calm, kind-hearted, kind-hearted people. The richness of the deity Kildisina, the multiplicity of its characteristics, the versatility of them in the mythological hour and the expanses are explained to them, that they symbolize the woman’s creative cob in nature, that governs the life of the All-World.
Tribal deities
At the mythological svidomosti, family, tribal and tribal / territorial sanctuaries stood out as symbols of the mastered, domesticated space. Voni were inhabited by tribal patron deities. Largest number statements about Vorshudі. Tse keeper of happiness to this family. Symbolic images of the deity Vorshuda took care of the Great Kuala.
Gospodar local tribal territory mudor (mu'earth, land of earth' that dor'land, side, fatherland, native dym', literally 'right side, place of residence', tied to a tree and a city river.
mudor buv mіstsevim "lord", his own sacred center of the tribal territory (that is the territory of the living of the singing tribal group) and, at his heart, he was tied to the water element like a horizontal wave (light river?) and from the heavenly and vertical spheres like ( light tree?).
Deity Іnvu (in / inm'sky, heaven, heavenly', woo'water, water, water') - literally 'water of heaven'. Vіdomostі about new innumerable. There is only one deity at the kuala, who makes a connection from the upper heavenly element, heavenly water. Ymovirno, this deity symbolized the sacred heavenly center of the singing tribal group. The basis of the special sacred "melody poshukіv heavenly waters" ( Іnvu rock gur), yak was beaten by female guslars on the "great harp".
In the traditional manifestations of the Udmurt tribal deities, they were the origins of the earthly middle world.
Worshud having secured ties between different generations of relatives. mudor either Іnvu they were given for the well-being of members of the tribal team, who lived in the borders of the local territory, and also symbolized the sacred center of the mystic, the connection with the usma trioma by cosmic spheres (link with a tree, a river, heavenly water). У уявленнях про вигляд і функції цих трьох родових божеств-покровителів відбилася ідея тісного взаємозв'язку та взаємозалежності людського колективу з навколишнім природним середовищем, з усіма трьома рівнями Всесвіту, ідея взаємозв'язку та взаємозалежності кількох поколінь людей (жиючих людей, померлих предків і майбутніх ).
To the Lords of Wild Nature vіdnosjatsya vіdnosі, lisoviki, meadows and іn. Zberigach lukiv and pol_v Ludmurt(lud'field, polloviy; wild', murt'man, person') appears in Udmurt mythology in two variants. The first image of the warehouse is a polivik, a meadow. The last character is the Lord of the Holy Guy Lud/Keremet pivdennyh Udmurts. Until our days, the Udmurts have been saved, look at Luda/Keremet like a deity, the Tatars are more posterior. Gospodar fox Nulesmurt vvazhavsya one of the head deities of the pіvnіchnyh Udmurtіv. Vіn mav wide spheres, foxes were known to yoga, until the new year they turned around to give good luck to watering, guarding, to save thinness.
The deities of the Wild Nature were also the bagmen of the middle world, and they became their own opposition to the family-clan patron gods. The stinks were the rulers of the great territories - foxes, onions, boletus, vikoristovuvannyh people like shepherds, sons of those miserable lands. The place of worship to the rulers of the Wild Nature signified the human sphere of activity, tied up with zaynyatty watering, fishing, animal husbandry, airborne guards, as well as arable farming on cleared forest land 3 .
Holy places and objects
It is clear that three main groups of sacred characters are shrouded: first, family and tribal and tribal patrons ( Worshud, mudor, Іnvu, Immala, Bulda); in a different way, gentlemen of the Wild Nature - Lud/Keremet(Lord of meadows, lisiv, watering; Lord of the sacred guy), Nulesmurt(Mr. Lіsіv); thirdly, dead ancestors - three main groups of cult places functioned. Persha - for bowing to family and tribal / tribal patrons; another group - for the blessing of the "lords" lіsіv, onion and watering, dzherel, river thin; the third - for the funeral and for the vikonnanny of funeral, propitiatory rites yir-pid slton,kuyaskon inti, kurei kuyan,belgium that and such prayers are heard in our days, at different times of the world. Let's take a look at deyaki.
Cult monuments of the village of Kuzebaev.
On the outskirts of the village of Kuzebaevo (Alnasky district of Udmurtia) there are three head temples: the sacred Gai Lud, the sanctuaries of Velika Kuala and Bulda. All the inhabitants of the village are divided into three social and cultural associations: Great Kuali, Holy Gaia, Bulda. Representatives of the three structural subdivisions prayed strictly okrem before us, the victims were robbed from their midst, the cloakrooms between them were fenced. In the rest of the hour, such a seductiveness is no longer in danger: they can stink one prayer alone and go abroad, regardless of the number of taboos. At the village of Kuzebaevo, family sacral life was founded earlier kuala, prote pіd h kolektivіzatsії all objects from them (wooden utensils, tables, stіltsі and іn.) people took to the ancestral Velika ( Budzin) kualu.
holy guy Lud (Keremet) roztashovuєtsya on the Maidanchik of the middle settlement (photo 1). Ritual ceremonies at the guy were dedicated to the deity Ludu- to one of the most important masters of the Wild Nature. For the honor of a new one, a white ram is sacrificed, meat and porridge are boiled. The sacred part of the cult place itself is rectangular in shape, fenced off, and only priests are allowed to do so. Here, at the cauldrons, cook sacrificial zhu, roil other offerings. At the borders of the fenced-in cottage, a stump like a tree was saved.
Prayer in the same city earlier was carried out without alcoholic drinks, later in the village they were treated to wine alone. In ritual ceremonies, only people take the fate of Ludі.
Prayer is held at night once on the river - at Petriv's day, if the stench was on the river - at Petriv's day and on Pokrov.
The village of Kuzebaev. View of the middle settlement of Kargurez and the sacred Hai Lud
Velika ( Budzin) Kuala rose on the birches of the river in the forest. Rituals to be performed in honor of the family and tribal gods. The territory of the sanctuary is rectangular in shape, fenced. At the borders of the plot, there is a zrubna spore ( kuala). Nasampered at the kuala took the shrine mudor at the sight of a birch bark chi bast box. Zovni in front of the kuala was set up for a long time with benches for a meal.
At the beginning of the XX century. here they prayed to chotiri razi: on Maslyana, Velikden, Peter's Day, Intercession. They sacrificed a heifer, a whip, a horse, a jock. It’s our hour at the kuala to pray at Petriv’s day, to bring a sacrifice to the jock. Sacred belongings - a fire that is near the hearth attached, sacred police mudor that in.
The village of Kuzebaev. View of the sanctuary of Velika Kuala
The place of blessing Bulda is roztashovuєtsya on the skhili pіdnesennia, on the birch of the river. The sacred part of the sanctuary is richly shaped, fenced. Religious saints, dedicated to the tribal deity Bulda, were held three times for three hours. Meshkants from a dozen of the most important forces gathered for prayer. As a mass sacrifice, they brought white sheep and horses, and as a private, family sacrifice, white geese and sheep. Towels and other gifts were hung on the trees. AT
under the hour of blessing they beat on the "great harp" a melody specially dedicated to this rite.
There are three main sanctuaries in the Crimea, in the village there are boulevards and other sacral objects. The place of prayer Aktash, dedicated to the evil god, after the sunset, the village rose in the light (Turk. Aktash'white stone'). There they prayed at the farewell to the army, and if the sickness and misfortune were at home. Of the last chances, the next to make a mountain Zachchaguriz'mountain Zaccha', de juveniles performed the ceremony gurez sektan'burn often'; place for commemoration of dead ancestors yir-pid seton; two months smokingpussycon, kudi speculated special priladdya dead people 4 .
Prayer in the village of Porvay(Igrinsky district of Udmurtia).
At the beginning of the XX century. the inhabitants of the village of Rorvay were Orthodox people, in parallel they prayed at the rural sanctuary of Velika ( Bidzim) kuala. Tsya sacral spore with the middle rose up at the top of the river, at the fox. Ritual ceremonies were celebrated on the river - at Velikden / Triytsyu, Petrivka, Il'in day. Autumn until the Protection of the Lord Fox to Nyulesmurt donated a goose. Priest Pavlo Yemelyanov prayed with prayers, as if “I already knew / knew.”
In the eyes of a strong soul, prayer, like it was conducted by a priest, was respected by the gods.
It seems that before the new one, the head of the kolgosp was turned around for help for the sake of the fire. Navit telya was seen at the prayer hall from the Kolgospa. The rituals were carried out in 1942, the village priest died of starvation. At the Radianian Rocks, in the presence of unfriendly surroundings, the torn sweaters saw the kuala with the windholes.
In 1994 onuk of the great priest Herman Yemelyanov brought blessings to the sacred place. Vіn respect yourself as Orthodox, but continue victorious functions of the priest. On the back of the prayer prayers were held simply in the sky in front of the yalina with the icon. A new spore was called later (photo 3). In our days, prayers ring out in front of the icons at the Trinity and Petrіv day (photo 4). In the autumn, in a pagan way, without an icon, under a yalina in the forest, a gander is slain as a gift to the ruler of the fox to Nyulesmurt. Let's cook ritual porridge at the Great Kazan's with cereals and meat (photo 5).
All brushes, legs, head, fluff, pir'ya, wings are brought to the yalinka in the lіg and folded into a dummy of a whole geese. Cooking for the upper gods is stacked on the branches of a tree.
Rorvay village. View of the sanctuary of Velika Kuala
Rorvay village. Inter'єr Great kuali
Rorvay village. Center at the sanctuary Velika Kuala
Active participants in the ceremony are breaking the frail and middle age. Often on the blessing of the presence of journalists, representatives of the administration and the university. The rural inhabitants are aware that the sacrifice carried out helps them in life. So, on the first prayer they asked for a board - pishov a board, on the other they prayed for a good harvest - in all the most important villages there was hail and having beaten the harvest, and in the village of Porva there was no hail 5 .
The wealthy religious lands of the Udmurts, which included archaic and new, universal and unique rice in it, contributed to the treasury of the sacred spiritual culture of the people. Ways of forming the religious manifestations of the Udmurts, the survivability of ancient zvichaїv, rituals, glances, stages and peculiarities of the evolution of these ideas may have great scientific significance and allow retrospective education of the spiritual life of the population of the Kamsko-Vyatka region in the early years.
Current trends
After the period of the Udmurt bezvіr, a number of other peoples of Russia turn into the bosom of Orthodoxy. This turn is not only on the formal (baptism, revival of the church, nominally ototozhnennia itself with the Orthodox), but on the yakіsnom equal (exercising the deepest knowledge of the foundations of the Holy Scripture, the active participation in the life of the Orthodox parishes, the purposeful work of the church).
In Udmurtia, regardless of the active missionary activities of Protestant preachers 6 , the Russian Orthodox Church has the largest influx, zanedbani are being revived and new churches are being revived, pilgrimage traditions are being revived.
Our believers take a part in the hellish passages, which are carried out both in Udmurtia and in the southern regions.
The great popularity is shown by the appearance of the Velikoretsky sacred complex (Yur'yansky district of the Kirov region). The Udmurt and Izhevsk diocese organize regular pilgrimage groups for those who want to get to the Orthodox shrines of Russia, near and far abroad. Udmurt protodeacon, philologist M. G. Atamanov, for the methodical and financial integration of the Lutheran Church and the Gelsinsk branch of the Institute, I translated the Bible, translated the Udmurt language and other books on spiritual topics.
To be carried out a work of preparation until the appearance of the entire Holy Letter. One of the important directions in the activities of the All-Udmurt Association "Udmurt Kenesh" is the union with the Russian Orthodox Church, with the method of bringing the Udmurt Christian spirit and Christian morality into wider circles.
In Izhevsk since 2005 over ten years to pass divine services of the Udmurt my, in the newspaper "Udmurt Dunne" ("Udmurt Light") there is a permanent orthodox heading "Oskon, oskiskon, yaraton" ("Vira, nadiya, kokhannya"), to sound with the sermons of M. G. Atamanov Udmurt my 7 . Together with scientific organizations, church structures and state authorities in Udmurtia, scientific and scientific-practical conferences are systematically held, dedicated to religious topics, educational, catechistic and spiritual enlightenment of the population of the region is conducted.
The article was prepared for the financial support of the Program of Fundamental Achievements of the Presidium of the Russian Academy of Sciences “Traditions and Innovations in History and Culture”. The project "Ethno-cultural recession of the Kamsko-Vyatka region: dzherela, materials, studies". Published in short order.
2019-02-04T20:30:58+05:00 Culture of the peoples of BashkortostanFolklore and ethnography Udmurtia history, local knowledge, Udmurtia, UdmurtUDMURT MYTHOLOGY - a complex of ancient manifestations and beliefs of the Udmurt people, which was taken from folklore, rituals and elements of folk decorative and uzhitkovy art. The Udmurt divine pantheon has dozens of gods, divine and mythological origins. The supreme god is Inmar (Immar), the deity can, light, white, great. The second god, who brings a positive, good ear - Mukil-chin, god ...CULTURE OF THE PEOPLE IN BASHKORTOSTAN CULTURE OF THE PEOPLE IN BASHKORTOSTAN Slovnik-dovidnik [email protected] Author Middle of Russia
ESH-TEREK
AT old hours the great batir Yesh Terek is alive among the Udmurts. In young people, the hordes of the earth, felling the fox - be a simple peasant.
I didn’t go to the winery. And at that hour there was an endless witchcraft with Tatars and different tushmons, which no one knows now.
Residents of the village wanted to make Esh-Terek bov torosh, but they were inspired.
I’m still young, - having said wine, - people are good for me. І dosvіd they have є, і services to the people, і wisdom, which I have not yet gained.
Ale rokіv up to forty yogo still zrobili toro,
Having become Yesh-Terek, think about the combat arrangements. Having prepared a cibula of wine from a young maple tree, like a virvav from the earth at once from the roots. Strіl nagotuvav birch, and the axis of the kіn for the new one is not so. Zhodin, not seeing the batyr, his legs twitched, and his spine broke. Where was it to rozshukati the horse before such a velet?
Priyshov Esh-Terek on the banks of the Kami, sit and get confused. We write badly to fight against the shvidko-footed Tatar horsemen, but we don’t know where to get a horse.
Zіtkhnuv deeply powerful warrior, and huffed, nіbі vіd yogo zіtkhanya is wide Kama. Weakness fell on the shore, and if they stepped back, wafting Yesh-Terek to the gray Wu-murt. Vіn standing up to the waist by the water of the white rocky shore and marveling at the gloomy toro
Having powered the water
What are you scolding about, Yesh-Terek? Vlad.
Not yours on the right, green beard. Get out!
I am Vumurt, the ruler of the waters, that old friend of your fathers. I want to serve you. What do you need, tell me!
Throw me a fight. Sob not bending under me and outrunning the Tatar horses. How do you know such a horse, green beard! Tobі tіlki dіvchat lyakati and sіtі tear. Get out!
Daremno ganbish me, Yesh-Terek! If you’re going to throw yourself, Axis is my joy: sit down this year at night in the line of a white river and check. Come to the watering herd of Keremet81. Garniy there is a bat - a raven stallion. If the horses begin to drink water, then take a bat. Ale, don’t forget my mind: you’ll bring me a gift of a beautiful Tatar woman ...
Suitable, if you throw that
Remember: you throw, me - beautiful.
Opіvnochi pіdsterіg Esh-Terek herd and drunk a stallion.
Dashing vyyavivsya kіn, ponіs wines Esh-Terek in the fields and bows, throwing off striving, getting up dibki, digging the earth with hoards, grinning teeth on the feast. Let’s resign ourselves, bachachi, who knows the noble ruler. I became a true friend of the famous toro.
Bagato overcame Esh-Terek over the gates, He made a little noise about the new river Kami and Votka, along the mountains and villages.
As if he had drunk the wines of a Tatar woman full of miraculous beauty, having put her in front of him on a horse and їde to his own house. "I'll be a team of all for the sake of me," - I think of the wines, passing along the banks of the Kami.
I went to drink the river, and the water raged, swirled with virami, like it was the hour of the evening.
Bachit: Vumurt hanging from the water to the waist.
Chi not forgetting, glorious Yesh-Terek? - Ask the water master. - Come on, beauty!
I'm going to get hot and jittery, old bis, - I'm telling you the toro. - How about you, old, handsome squad? If you want, I'll bring you a toothless old man. The axis will be a couple! Ha-ha-ha, - Yesh-Terek laughed.
Posiriv Vumurt in the midst of malice and vtik at the bottomless river. Esh-Terek's tears from his horse, choking on his mane with his hand, and with his other hand I am beautiful in the saddle. So I poured through the burkhliva Kama.
And in the middle, having overtaken Yogo with a terrible vir, twisting, suffocating his head ... He did not help the young men, nor the dashing kin, nor the strong power of the hero.
Not in a crooked battle, not in the battle right, I know my death, but at the watery bottom, together with a beautiful Tatar woman and a faithful horse.
And a bit about the new one does not die.
In an old rock, an Udmurt is alive in one village, who, from the very children's rocks, did not miss the annual prayer, if it was suitable, he was near the forests and brought a generous sacrifice from himself. For this reason, the gods loved yoga, and most of all, I loved quasi. For one year there was a terrible heat in that side, and dryness began. Like only […]
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Published in: Udmurt tales Assigned: , 15 DecLegends and myths of Udmurtia.
Legends of Udmurtia.
Myth of Udmurtia.
In the memory of the Udmurt people they lived for centuries and live until now myths and legends, fairy tales and boules about far away and just recently. The stench is more different, to those who are not the same people, as they pass them on from generation to generation. This history began in ancient times, if there were no gas lamps, no electrics, no radio, no TV broadcast, if they thought that the earth would end there, where the sky rested in it. People were shameless in front of nature: foxes were dense, swamps were fired, animals were huts, gloomy with thunderstorms, winters with frosts - everything was threatening people with inevitable food. And for the new most important, it was to heal the terrible nature, to live. And for whom it was necessary to understand where the sun rises at night, to which the stars appear, the stars on the earth burn that share. Then legends appeared, which are now called cosmogonic. Look, you've found it. Such legends may be in our nations of the world, and Udmurt legends are similar to them. So, for example, the appearance of the stars for a month among the wealthy peoples, and in the Udmurts, among them, they appear with a share of an unfortunate girl.
Ale, cosmogonical legends are bigger in quiet moods, if they stink in their own original way about the ear of speeches. And let us now see the old Udmurt ancestors look at those other natural phenomena, - stink of the cicadas.
People try to understand and explain what they see in heaven, meditate on it, how the earth and people became. Created in the period, when they did not know the correct causes of natural phenomena, cosmogonical legends to avenge the first try to explain their deed of supernatural facts.
Before cosmogonical legends - the oldest genre of conventional folk art - myths adjoin. The richness of the old-time Udmurt grew not only on the first causes of the earth and sky, but also on other important things: storms, thunderstorms, neurosis, ailments ... Why do we get far and near? What about fishing? Why do some people drown and bleed at the fox? Why is vigilance given to one, and not to another? Not knowing the right reasons, people explained to them the facts, in some of them they were like people, but the strongest in these galusians were mines - in foxes, water, watering, fishing, arable farming. So the fantasy of the people created myths about supernatural things. The leading ones in the mythological hierarchy of the Udmurts were Inmar and Kildisin. The first one lives in heaven, the throne of yoga is the sun, clothes are the sky. The other one is lands, which are rich in crops and non-crops. In a word, one gave, at the thought of an Udmurt, that light is warm, the other - bread and the other eating.
The Udmurts recognized one of the most important gods, Inamara, for whom there is no time and there will be no time, who lives not for himself, but for people, who is obliged to live only for him; the sun became a throne, and the sky was a garment. From now until Inmaru, the god of waters, the god of the earth, the goodness of those other lower gods came. The skin needs of life gave birth to new ideas about the ambush of nature, and from them the classification of deities was born.
Indeed, the pagan mythology of the Udmurts, the Crimea of the head gods, and the small faceless other deities. At the water of the ruler, buv vumurt (water), vukuzyo (lord of the water) and vuperi (the spirit of the water). The stinks were kind to the Udmurts and gave them a rich catch of ribs, but, having formed, they allowed the catch and pulled the lakes in another place (the legend about the lake). Barn-keepers ruled in the barn, budinkov in the house, banniki (muncho-murti, vozho) and so on. And it dawned on me: dark, impenetrable, vin grave a great role in the life of the Udmurt, giving it to you and game, and household items, and material for everyday life. Poluvannya zavzhdni nepodіvanok, and in recent hours - especially.
Explaining the nature of the watering, the person foresaw the living things that the wisdom in the fox is watching. Among the Udmurts, nyulesmurt (a fox person), palesmurt (a one-eyed veleten), chachchamurt (a bush person), yagmurt (a coniferous fox person), sikmurt (a fox person), etc.
In the pagan mythology of the Udmurts, it was evident that the people prevailed over the gods who guided them. Vlasne, all pagan supranatural things, created by human explanations of unreasonable phenomena, needed for worship, and confrontation. In myths, the stink comes in right next to people, a supernatural power is attributed to them, as the stench is often directed against people. Ale, the people of the magician with them will always go out as a helper, they will be spritnish and kmitlivish. Believing in the gods, the human being, already at an early stage, developed more faith in the power of the mind.
myths and legends
the Udmurt people
The presentation was prepared by the head of the library of the MBOU "ZOSh No. 90", Izhevsk Volinina Svitlana Volodymyrivna, 2012
Mіzh sivim Ural and Blakyt Volga
at the edge of the dzherel and fox river
long ago settled myslivtsі and earthworkers - the ancestors of the Udmurt people
Tsya land was beautiful in its own way. Lis not only threatening with insecurity, but also bestowing generous gifts.
To live here, it was necessary for the bulk buti to be vitrival, strong, masculine
For a long time, the Udmurts have been respected that the spirits and gods accompany people slowly and forever, helping or respecting her, stalely, in fact, in such a golden world, that people are alive.
Underwater kingdom
Other deities of the Udmurts: Imnar, Kildisim, Kuaz .
Gods occupy the head office of the life of the Udmurt people
Inmar
creator of heaven, creator of the world, creator of the earth. Live fast in the sun - good laying, so that people are not afraid of yoga. Youmu is less likely to offer sacrifices to podyaks.
Pine - sacred tree
place of worship of the ancient Udmurt god Inmar. They asked for yogo about rain and a good harvest. Bіlya pine trees performed different rites.
The legend about the creation of the world
Thinking of creating the world, Inmar sends Shaitan to remove the earth from the bottom of the ocean. Having given the land to Inmara, Shaitan prikhovu її crying behind cheeks, but if the earth, behind Inmara's head, begins to grow, spit out the noise of turmoil. and the lands were set on fire, swamps, buy. Yakbi Shaitan did not fool Inmar, then the earth was left with even and smooth.
For a long time, for the orders of the Udmurts,
veletins lived on the earth - Alangasari.
The dense forest is for them, like a sprinkling. De the foot of the veletnya stepped - the beams appeared, de vin, having touched the sand from the bast shoes - the pagorbi settled down.
The Alangasari trooped up, throwing chavunnі kulі and smelted hanks from pines, fought with virvanim from the roots of trees. A person who builds a board for a bjil is mistaken for a woodpecker;
yoga is spread on the valley, planted at the gut or put in the bosom
Another deity Kildisin or Kilchin - tse god-creator, what about the earth, the god of kinship,
patron of children.
Vin showed up at the sight of an old man in white clothes and walked along the borders, straightening the spikelets that had fallen, stitching for crops.
Kuaz - lord of the weather,
atmospheric phenomena.
Kuaz prayed under the yalina, as if they were taken by the tree of which god, to whom they sacrificed the horse chi losha.
Ancestors of the Udmurts sang
In-moomin goddess of birth, mother of Inmar himself
shundi mumi (mother Sontsya),
Gudiri-mumi (Mother to thunder)
Іnvu - moomin (Mother of the heavenly guide)
Muzym-moomin - (Goddess of the earth)
Worshud (Shud word) -
the spirit is the patron and protector of the family, sim'ї, houses.
Live at the prayer house (kuali)
Udmurt mythology also has numerically lower spirits: wumurt - water, gіdmurt - the spirit of the barn, nulesmurt - the spirit of the fox, talperi - the spirit of the wind, Korkamurt - Budinkovy, yagperi - boro spirit, ludmurt - The spirit of the bow and field, that іn. The cream of deities and intoxications that patronize people and can give them happiness and misfortune; Lie before them Shut up, Damn Vozho.
Nyulesmurt (“nyules” - fox, khashcha) - fox man, master of the fox, master of the beast.
Live with the fox, may the reign of that sim. According to his way of life, he is similar to people, the new dog has a beard that is hairy. Building change your look: foxes are like trees, on meadows - with grass, among people - three times more for a person.
Nyulesmurti allow animals to lie down in nori and barlogs; to give the minds of the minds a kind of booty, thinness - food, to help the viysk to win.
VUKUZE - ("lord lead")
Wukuzeo ( woo- water, Kuze - gospodar) - volodar of the water element, bagger of the primary ocean. Following the creation of Inmar - dogs, create a goat, then water - wu-murtiv. Vukuzyo was represented by an old man with a dove's beard
Wumurt -water (woo - "water", murt - "people")
The spirit of old hair, sometimes looking at pike. Live in lakes, rivers, rates. The new one has a retinue, above the head of the harn, and blue daughters.
Vumurti mayzhe do not care about anything wonderful people. You can rebuke them from the fact that Wumurt’s lion’s share of the time is invariably sir. Wumurt is richer and richer with riches of quiet people, whom one lives in peace, if one doesn’t love - to drown thinness in the swamp and punish the ailments.
Korkamurt (kіrka - hut) - a house. Live for pichchu chi at pidpіllі. Vin manages the robots that are in the house and all that are saved in it. De yogo is respected and treated to the vin guarding the members of the family, as well as Budinkov's falsehood is not respected (to make noise, whistle at the house, throw small pieces of bread on the pidlog), glossy at night, stray hair on the head and in the beard.
At Korcamurt anonymous names:
kirk kuze(Mr. Budinku),
kirk beche(susid, friend),
kіrka susetka(Susidko),
gulbech murt(Mr. pіdpіllya).
Gondir (Udm. Vedmіd) - the closest helper of Korkamurt. Live in the underground, cellar, comoria and manage the household supplies that are saved there. For zovnіshnіstyu not vіdіznyаієs vіd vedmeda. If Gondir was not honored, or if the rulers did not live up to it, then stocks change into a booth with unnatural swedishness.
Gіdmurt ("guide"-stay)
– the spirit of the school
Gіdmurt - the helper of the brownie (Korkamurt), the patron of the school and hlivіv.
If you want to love a horse, then we will change and pay its mane, and we will transfer the hay and oats to the land horses.
If Gidmurt does not hate such a horse, then he can ride on a new one for many nights and show off with important vantages.
Telkuze - lisovik, lisovik.
Tolmurt (tӧlperі - the spirit of the wind) - vіn vikradav girls.
Ludmurt (lud - field) - Lugovik, Polevik
Tse little man, yak povіdaє for the bows of that field.
Vіn protecting creatures,
stalking for crops
In some places, Ludmurt was called Mushvozmas (udm. - bdzhіl, what is protecting)
Todimurt (todі - white) - a spirit that lives in a dark hut on the police in the laznі. For the roses of the ancestors of the wines, to love to flirt with the people at the lazna.
PALEMURT (pal-half, "napіvlyudina")
Palesmurt is half a man: one-armed, one-legged, one-eyed evil istota, who lives in the forest. Popular character
Palesmurti dream of a majestic sight, stinks are bad, even funny, love the laughs of others: they can lick to death, love to ride horses that graze at night in the meadows. To love the lyakati of self-made mandrivniki, especially in foxes.
Shukav-Pido-Murt(Shukav - a cow; pіd- leg) - a spirit with cow's legs.
Baba Resentment A fox in the image of a woman with long hair, shaggy, high growth.
In the Cossacks, Baba Resentment, if you like, helps people.
Kuz-Pine-Murt- a man with long teeth
