Hibniy patriotism in the war and light applied. True and hellish patriotism in the novel “War and Peace
Municipal secondary school N 1
Abstract from literature
True i hellish patriotism at the novel
"War and Peace"
Vikonala student 10 "B" class
Zinov'eva Irina
Perevіrila teacher of literature
Chinina Olga Yuriivna
Voronezh 2006 rec.
Entry
It is heroically-patriotic and anti-war by those - initial, by those the epic novel of Tolstoy. Tsey tvir for ever imagining the feat of the Russian people, standing up in their hands for their national independence. "War and peace" and gave the savings of value, pushing the people to fight against foreign invaders.
The author of “War to the World” is reconciled by the biased champion of the world. Knowing well that this is a war, I am close to bachiv її in my eyes. For five years, young Tolstoy wore a military uniform, serving as an artillery officer with a strong army in the Caucasus, then on the Danube, near Krim, taking a part in the heroic defense of Sevastopol.
The robot was blowing the robot over the novel about the Decembrist to the great creation. In 1856, a manifesto about an amnesty for people on the 14th day of the month was voiced, and that turn there called for a warning of Russian suspense. Showing respect to the tsієї podії і L. N. Tolstoy. Vіn guessing: "At 1856, I began to write a story with a direct view, the hero of such a one is guilty of being a Decembrist, who turns with his family to Russia ..." the side of Russian history in light of the shock of Decembristism and to propagate your own reasonable struggle against it, building on peaceful means and the way of non-violence. The hero is conceived to be guilty of this, having turned from a mischief, to sue his revolutionary past and become a victim of another version of the problem - moral improvement as a recipe for the recovery of all prosperity. Prote conceived by Tolstoy, having recognized the original changes. Let us listen to the writer himself: “Mimovoli vіd spravzhny (tobto 1856 rіk) I passed until 1825, the epic oman and the misfortune of my hero, and rozpochat. Ale, in 1825, my hero was already a man, a family man. In order to comprehend yoga, it was necessary for me to be transported to my youth, and my youth was born with glory for Russia in the epoch of 1812. Another time, I threw it out more often and began to write from the hour of 1812 to rock, what a smell and sound it is wonderfully and dear to us. Thus, the heroic epic of the struggle against the Napoleonic bulk became the main theme of the new novel. L. Tolstoy, however, continues: “I’ll fade away, turning back for a pochutty, as if it’s possible to be wondrous. It was shameful to write about our urochistity in the fight against Bonaparte France, without describing our failures and our litter. If the reason for our triumph was vipadkova, but lay in essence the character of the Russian people and the viysk, then the character of the whole maw hangs richly and more beautifully for doby bad luck and defeat. Henceforth, since 1825, having turned to 1805, at this hour I may want to lead not just one, but many of my heroines and heroes through the historical years of 1805, 1807, 1812, 1825 and 1856. It is an important evidence that conveys the grandiose scale of what is envisioned in the novel, and the transformation of the rest into an epic, and the rich heroic nature of creation, and the significance of understanding in a new national character, and deep historicism. Tolstoy's important work was "Sevastopol opovidnya", and the Crimean war with її failures, which demanded understanding, became the impetus for the illustrious historical podіy.
Works on “War and Peace” accompanied by the majestic creative undertaking of the writer. No way until tsyogo wines not having seen their romantic and moral forces of the flooring as necessary and signs for creative work.
L. N. Tolstoy goes as far as the relativization of historical sources, documentary literature, spogadіv uchasnikі v drevnіh podіy. Wine studio A.I. Mikhailovsky-Danilevsky about the wars of 1805-1814, "Draws of the Battle of Borodino" by F. N. Glinka, "Scholar of partisans for the 1812 rock" by D. V. Davidov, the book "Russia and Russian" by N. I Turgenev, "Notes about 1812" S. N. Glinka, memoirs of A. P. Yermolov, tell A. D. Bestuzhev-Ryumin, "Pokhidni notes of an artilleryman" I. T. Radozhitsky and create other types. At the library Yasniy Polyani Forty-six books and journals were saved, like Tolstoy's work for a long time over the novel War and Peace. And the whole writer was scrambled with work, the list of which includes 74 names.
The fate of spring 1867 on the Borodino field became more important, when there was a great battle. Pismennik obіyshov pіshki glorified field, vvchayuchi mіsce roztashuvannya rosіyskih and french vіysk, rozmіschennya Shevardinskogo redoubt, Bagrationovy flashіv, Raevskogo's batteries. No less suttєvimi became the rallying of the co-participants of the great battles that were lost alive, the battles of the past era.
In the world of work on the novel, they are working on it, and it is improving yoga folk cob. "I tried to write a history of the people," - thus depriving Tolstoy from the blacks of the fourth volume. Step by step, the “idea of the people” became the starting point for “War in the World”, the beloved theme of the epic became the image of the feat of the people at the hour of the rise of Russian history. The novel has 569 characters, with an average of 200 historical characters. But in this row, the main heroes of creation have not yet been lost, the share of such writers is simple, with the necessary psychological perekonlivistyu. Under this circumstance, the author appears through various bonds of controversy, love, friendship, friendship, businesslike partners, shared participation in grandiose historical events. The novel has a lot of osіb, okremі risi zhittya and the character of those that reflect the power of the ancestors and the closest relatives of L. N. Tolstoy. So, in Count Rostov, the peculiarities of Count Illi Andriyovich Tolstoy, the grandfather of the writer, are guessed, and in the old Prince Bolkonsky, the figure of another grandfather; Countess Rostova gave Tolstoy's grandmother Pelageya Mykolaivna Tolsta, Prince Mary took a letter from her mother Mary Mykolaivna Volkonskaya, and Mikola Rostov - the power of the father, Mikoli Illich Tolstoy. Prince Andriy removed the special features of Sergiy Mikolayovich, the writer's brother, and Natasha Rostova depicted the image of Aunt Andriivna Bers, the writer's brother-in-law. Everything is worth mentioning about the significant autobiography of the novel and the profound life of its characters. But before the autobiography of "War and Peace" does not start: this is the widest canvas, as if it beat Russian history. Її heroes and rich folk world.
The work on the great book yearned for titanic work. The largest number of manuscripts of the novel, which have been saved, is over ten thousand black text. Acting parts of the epic were rewritten many times, the scenes were reshaped, in the words of Tolstoy, “to the point of incomprehensibility”. Ale, as a result of the author's effortless work, a novel appeared, which brought the whole era in the history of Russian culture.
True and wicked patriotism in the novel "War and Peace"
The novel "War and the World" is a genre counterpart to the epic novel, to which Tolstoy shows us historical podia, like a great wind of the hour (the novel begins in 1805, and ends in 1821, in the epilosis); romani's debut is over 200 diyovih osib, є real historical features (Kutuzov, Napoleon, Oleksandr I, Speransky, Rostopchin, Bagration and others), all the social versions of Russia at that time: the greater world, the noble aristocracy, the provincial nobility, the army, the village, the merchants.
In the novel "War and Peace" Tolstoy created a volumetric and rich picture of war. Ale, in this work, the reader does not succumb to warriors, to download, with flared banners, not a parade and a glimpse of victory, but zvichayny viysk everyday life. On the sides of the novel, we are talking about ordinary soldiers, it’s not easy for me, I’m doing my best.
A letter to introduce us to the inner world of a person, who at first glance looks amazing. Ale vin shows us that even such unremarkable people can be sympathetic and addictive with their spiritual beauty. The author reveals to us, readers, the poetry of the hero's spiritual life. It is often important to look at the correct appearance of a person under the vanity of everyday life. The pismennik shows that it is necessary to take a bite into the skin of a human being, that divine spark, so as not to allow the creation of a human being in a right-handed manner. In extreme situations, at the moment of great shocks and global changes, people are obligated to reveal themselves, show their inner essence, those other qualities of their nature. In Tolstoy's novel, there are a lot of words that are busy with a shrill, diyalnistyu, and a frantic fuss - it’s simple and natural, it’s like “consume a sacrifice, that suffering in the presence of a wild misfortune.” The first ones are less likely to show themselves as patriots and shout loudly about love to the Fatherland, and others є them and give life to them in a wild way, otherwise they deprive goodness for looting, but it didn’t get to the enemy. For the first time, we can rightly be with a hell of a patriotism, which reveals its own falsehood, its hypocrisy and hypocrisy. This is how the nobles of the world behave in honor of Bagration: at the hour of reading verses about the war “everyone stood up, vigilantly, that the offense was important for the verses.” There is a falsely patriotic atmosphere in the salons of Anna Pavlivna Scherer, Helen Bezukhova and other Petersburg salons: “...calm, luxurious, turbulent only with primars, revitalizing life, Petersburg life went on in the old way; And through the course of life, it was necessary to work great zusilla, so that we could see the unsafe and important camp, in which the Russian people were known. You yourself went out, Bali, that very French theater, the very interests of the yards, the very interests of service and intrigue. Only the greatest stakes scrambled to susilla at the one who guessed the difficulties of the right camp. Indeed, many people were far from aware of the global Russian problems, because of the great reason, and the need for the people of war. Lightly continued to live by its own interests, and to inspire the whilin of the nation's dash here panuyut greed and visuvannya.
False patriotism is manifested by Count Rastopchin, who spreads bad “posters” around Moscow, calls out to the inhabitants of the place not to deprive the capital, but, arguing in the face of the people’s anger, leads to the death of the innocent son of the merchant Vereshchagin. Підлість і зрада поєднуються із зарозумілістю, надутістю: «Йому не тільки здавалося, що він керував зовнішніми діями жителів Москви, але йому здавалося, що він керує їх настроєм за допомогою своїх звернень і афіш, писаних тією ерницькою мовою, яка у своєму середовищі зневажає народ And you don’t know what kind of wine, if you smell it, burn it.
Such is the case of Rostopchin in Berg's testimony, who, among the hvilin of the slanderous sum'yattya, is swindling and storming the purchase of a chiffonier and a toilet "with an English secret." You don’t even think about it, it’s shameful to think about purchases at once, as they are not necessary. Such, nareshti, Drubetskoy, like, like other staff officers, thinks about fences and promotions in the service, bazhaє “to rule your own best camp, especially the camp of an adjutant with an important person, it was given to you especially to join in the army.” Singingly, not in anticipation of the battle of Borodino, P'єr commemorate on the guise of officers the greed of awakening, the thoughts of yogo are compared with the "greater viraz of awakening", "which spoke of food not special, but savage, nourishment of life and death."
About yaki "inshi" individuals go? It dawned on me that the appearances of simple Russian peasants, dressed in soldier's overcoats, felt like the Fatherland was holy and invisible to me. The right patriots in Tushin's battery fight without pretense. That same Tushin himself "did not feel the unacceptable sense of fear, and the thought that one could be killed or hurt more painfully did not fall into the thought of you." Bloody feel like the Batkivshchyna zmushuy soldiers with unacceptable steadfastness repair the opir vorogovi. From the description of Ferapontov's doorkeeper Bachimo, what a person, who is looking for a loot for his mine and the hour of Smolensk being empty, b'є his squad through those who won't ask for yogo vikhati, you can bargain with money she herself is sleeping vlasny budinok and їde. Vin is also, insanely, a patriot. There is no sense in the acquired good, if the share of the Fatherland is violating. "Pull everything, lads, don't overwhelm the French!" - shout out to the Russian soldiers.
And what to rob P'єr? Vіn give your pennies, sell maєtok, equip the regiment. Why should Yogo, a wealthy aristocrat, go into the inferno of the Battle of Borodino? All those are still a little worried about the share of their country, help the Russian people.
Guess, nareshti, and be quiet, who, having flooded Moscow, does not fear to hurry to Napoleon. The stench of the buli perekonani: "Under the cheruban of the French, it is not possible to bulo buti." The axis of which stench "simply and truly" robbed "that great right, as if it was turning Russia over."
The right patriots in Tolstoy's novels do not think about themselves, they stench the need of the power to bring in and make sacrifices, but do not check for the price of the reward, for they carry the holy feeling of the Fatherland in the soul.
Go to war in Austria. General Mak rozbitiy pіd Ulm. The Austrian army surrendered. The threat of destruction hung over the Russian army. On the first axis, Kutuzov sent Bagration with chotirma with thousands of soldiers through the important passages of the Bohemian mountains to the French. Bagration needed to secure an important transition and to trim the forty thousand French army before the arrival of the commander-in-chief. Yogo corral needed a great feat to kill the Russian army. So the author leads the reader to the image of the first great battle.
At this battle, like a leader, zukhvaliy and fearless Dolokhov. The goodness of the wines is manifested in battle, de "winning at point-blank range by driving one Frenchman and taking the first officer for the commissar, which he gave up." And after that, I went to the regimental commander and told me about my "trophies": "Please remember, Your Excellency!" They gave the wines, having opened a khustka, having mixed it, and showing a baked roof: Remember, Your Excellency.” Skrіz and zavzhd Dolokhov turbulent himself, deprive himself, mustache, to rob wine, rob yourself.
We are not surprised by Zherkov's behavior. If, in a battle, Bagration sent Yogo with an important order to the general of the left flank, he didn’t go ahead, de chulas the shooter, but began to shove the general away from the battle. Through no transmissions, the French commanded the Russian hussars, many of whom died and were wounded. There are a lot of such officers. The stench is not fearful, but you can’t forget for the sake of your sleep, take care of yourself, career and special interests. However, the Russian army was formed not only from such officers.
The heroism of the novel looks like a natural thing. At the divisions that paint the battle of Shengraben, we have the right heroes. When describing the battle, the author shows how the destruction was slandering the infantry police when they heard about the punishment. “Marne kolyvannya, virishal share of battles, razozumilo, vyrishilosya retribution fear”. The axis of the wines sit, the hero of the battle, the hero of the battle, the hero of the battle, small, thin and brudny, sit barefoot, taking on his shoes. Tse artillery officer Tushin. "Great, sensible and kind eyes marvel at the chiefs who have entered, and try to flirt:" The soldiers seem to be more agile when they have roared "- and beware, vіdchuvayuchi, that the heat does not go in. Tolstoy rob a mustache, so that Captain Tushin is standing in front of us in the most unheroic look, to resemble comedy.
Another hero of the Battle of Shengraben is Timokhin. The battle was to be played out. Ale tsієї hvilini, the French advanced, they ran back raptom ... and the Russian arrows appeared in the fox. That was Timokhin's company. The wines appear in that very whine, if the soldiers gave in to their armor and died. Yogo di ї vіdbuvayutsya z order of the heart. Not numerical superiority, not the folding plans of the commanders, but the spirit of the company commander, who led the soldiers in his place, overcoming the result of the battle, the very daring and warlikeness defied the enemy. “…With such a crazy and pissed rіshіstyu, with one skewer…” Only a few zavdyaks defended Timokhin if they could turn around and pick up the battalions. The Russian bula gained "a moral victory, one that overcomes the opponent in the moral transfer of her enemy and her powerlessness."
Manhood is different. There were a lot of people who were unstrikingly good in battle, but to be ruined in everyday life. With the images of Tushin and Timokhin Tolstoy, read chitacha bachiti in a right way good people, their incomprehensible heroism, their great will, as they help to overcome fear and win battles.
The author leads us to the conclusion that it is not only the result of the military battle, but directly the development of history is due to the very activity of human masses, which caused the day to feel that pragnen. To lay everything in the spirit of the soldiers, which can turn into panic fear - and then it will be run, or rise to heroism - and then it will be victorious. The commanders become stronger for the mind, that they control like the children of soldiers, and the spirit of their military. And for the viscon of this commander, the commander can be no less than a military commander-in-chief, but also a spiritual clerk. This is how Kutuzov stands before us. At the hour of the battle of Borodino, I took into account all the patriotism of the Russian army. The battle of Borodino is a "people's battle". "Warmth is attached to patriotism," which flared up in the soul of the skin warrior, and the fiery "spirit of war" marked victory. In this battle, the right beauty of the Russian people is revealed. The Russians bula zdobuta “moral victory, the one that overcomes the enemy from the moral transfer of his enemy, that from his powerlessness. On the Napoleonic army at this battle "the hand of the strongest enemy in spirit" was laid.
In the winter of 1812, when the skin of a soldier fought for his house, for his relatives and loved ones, for the Fatherland, the security was ten times stronger. The more Napoleon protruded from the graves of Russia, the more the forces of the Russian army grew, the more the French army weakened, transforming into big villains and marauders. Only the will of the people, less popular patriotism to rob an unstoppable army. Tsei visnovok sings from the novel by L. N. Tolstoy "War and Peace".
List of references
1. L.M. Tolstoy "War and Peace"
2. Yu. V. Lebedev "Russian literature of the XIX century".
3. K. N. Lomunova "The Great Book of Life".
The novel "War and Peace" is a historical epic of valor and masculinity of the Russian people - a victory over the war of 1812. Like in "Sevastopol opovіdannya", so in this novel by Tolstoy realistically small war in "blood, in suffering, in death". Tolstoy to tell us about the severity of war, about її zhah, grief (view of the population from Smolensk and Moscow, famine), death (After the wounded Andriy Bolkonsky, Guinea Petya Rostov dies). Vіyna vіd dermal vіmagає boundary stress of moral and physical forces. Russia under the hour of the war of war, under the hour of plunder, violence and atrocities committed by the garrison, carrying great material sacrifices. This bedroom is empty.
Great is the significance of the hour of the spring of May, the fervent mood of the soldiers, partisans and other defenders of the Batkivshchyna. Viyna 1805–1807 was fought beyond the borders of Russia and was far away from the Russian people. If the French invaded the territory of Russia, then the entire Russian people, from small to great, rose to the defense of their Fatherland.
In the novel “War and Peace” by Tolstoy, people follow a moral principle, especially seeing the setting up to a patriotic binding. The writing depicts true patriotism and wicked patriotism, which cannot be called patriotism. Right patriotism - tse patriotism is ahead of us obov'yazka, vchinka in the name of Vitchizni, uminnya in the virishal for the Batkivshchyna, the quirk rises above the special, take over for the share of the people. To Tolstoy's thought Russian people are deeply patriotic. Under the hour when the French of Smolensk were occupied, the villagers burned the hay, so as not to sell it to their enemies. Kozhen in his own way dabbled in the wake of the enemies, so that the stench could see the hatred of the right rulers of the earth. The merchant Ferapontov burned down his shop to prevent the French from getting out. The right patriots showed the inhabitants of Moscow, yaks, walking from native place, deprive life, shards vvazhayut for the impossibility of being deprived under the power of impostors.
Right patriots are Russian soldiers. The novel is full of numerous episodes, as if they paint various manifestations of patriotism by Russian people. Mi Bachimo true patriotism and heroism to the people in the images of classical scenes Shengraben, Austerlitz, Smolensk, Borodin. Obviously, love until marriage, the willingness to sacrifice for the sake of the new one's life is more manifest on the battlefield, right next to the gate. The battle of Borodino itself was especially marked by the supremacy and masculinity of the Russian soldiers. Describing the night before the Battle of Borodino, Tolstoy showed respect for the seriousness and zealousness of the soldiers, like cleaning the armor, getting ready for battle. The stench rises from the burner, the one who is ready to be persuaded to enter the battle with a strong opponent. I don’t allow a little bit of love to the Batkivshchyna to have a soulful p’yanoy v_vagi. Rozumiyuchi, scho tsey beat for the skin of them can be stopped, the soldiers put on clean shirts, getting ready to death, but not to the entrance. Man fighting against the enemy, Russian soldiers do not try to look like heroes. It’s someone else’s painting that pose, in their simple and wide love there is nothing ostentatious to the Fatherland. When the hour of the Battle of Borodino "one cannon-ball crushed the earth for two crumbs from P'er", the broad red-faced soldier innocently confesses his fear to you. “Aje won’t have mercy. Vaughn shmyakne, then get out the guts. You can’t help but be afraid,” - having said wine, smile. Ale, a soldier, like a zovsіm, without making any effort, but we are good, having perished without a bar after this short dialogue, like tens of thousands of others, but without giving up and not having entered.
The heroes of those true patriots in Tolstoy's work are people who are unremarkable in any way. Such a captain Tushin sho leaning in front of the authorities in a comical position without chobits, to be embarrassed, stumble and at the critical moment to rob the very ones that are needed.
The strength of the people's spirit to give birth to prominent commanders. Such yak Mikhailo Kutuzov . Kutuzov in the novel is the evangelist of the idea of patriotism, vіn buv appointments commanding against the will of the king and the royal court. Andriy explains to P'er this way: "While Russia was healthy, good boo Barclay de Tolli ... If Russia is sick, he needs his own people." Kutuzov lives only by feelings, thoughts, interests of soldiers, miraculously razumіє їhnіy mood, in the Batkіvsky way about them. I firmly believe that the result of the battle signifies "an imperceptible force, called by the spirit of the army" and with all the forces of pragmatic support in the army, I warmed to patriotism.
An important episode at Fіlyakh. Kutuzov takes the blame for the hardship and punishes him. At whom the mandate is the right patriotism of Kutuzov. Stepping out of Moscow, Kutuzov took the army, for the time being he could not look up to Napoleon's numbers. To defend Moscow meant to spend an army, but it called for the loss of Moscow and Russia. Since then Napoleon fought for the Russian cordons, Kutuzov was led to fight on the borders of Russia. Vіn vvazhaє that the Russian people have conquered their mission, ignoring the garb, and shed nothing more people's shelter.
The patriotism of the Russian people is manifested in battle. Aje from the fighters from the garrison took the fate of not only that part of the people, as they were mobilized to the army.
Andriy Bolkonsky. Frame from the film "War and Peace" (1965)
Lev Mikolayovich shows how patriotic people seem to slander people with different political looks. the leading intelligentsia (P'єr, Andriy), the franchising old prince Bolkonsky, the conservatively laced Mikoli Rostov, the lagad prince Mary. A patriotic outburst penetrates the hearts of people who have come from faraway places of war - Petya, Natasha Rostov. Ale tіlki would be given b. Spravzhnya people, In Tolstoy's thought, it is impossible to be a patriot of your Fatherland. All of these people seem to feel like it is in the soul of the skin of the Russian people. (Sim'ya Rostov, depriving us of the place, we will injure all the people, we ourselves will spare our lane. you can skip it.)
The great significance of the writer partisan movement . The axis, like Tolstoy, describes this elemental growth: " The first partisan war was officially accepted by our ranks, while thousands of people of the guard army - marauders, foragers - were blamed by Cossacks and peasants, who beat these people so unseen, as unseen dogs litter a stray dog ”. Tolstoy characterizes the partisan "fight for the rules" as spontaneous, poring over її z kiyk, " that rose with the strength of its dirty and great strength, not feeding any tastes and rules ... the flowers of the French ... until the whole bulk was gone”.
To the true patriotism of the main mass of Russian people, Tolstoy opposes the wicked patriotism of the great noble world, which reveals its own falsehood, itsism and hypocrisy. Tse people are false, patriotic words, and so help them that they become the sole means of reaching low goals. Tolstoy mercilessly sees the mask of patriotism from the German and famous generals in the Russian service, the “golden youth” type Anatoly Kuragin, kar'єristiv nachebto Boris Drubetskoy. Tolstoy angrily vilifies that part of the great staff officer, as if she took a part in the battles, but tried to dominate at the headquarters and so take away the fences.
Such people like false patriots if there is a lot of doti, docks people will not be able to convince the skin that they can protect their country, and that, if they are, no one will be able to protect it. Leo Mikolayovich Tolstoy would like to pass it on for additional antitheses, opposing true and wicked patriots. Ale Tolstoy does not fall into the pardoning-patriotic tone of the opovіdі, but to marvel at the suvoro objectively, like a realist writer. This helps him more accurately convey to us the importance of the problem of false patriotism.
There is a pseudo-patriotic atmosphere in the salons of Anni Pavlivna Scherer, Helen Bezukhova and other Petersburg salons:“...calm, rozkishne, less turbulent by mayors, revitalized by life, life in St. Petersburg went on as before; And through the course of life, it was necessary to work great zusilla, so that we could see the unsafe and important camp, in which the Russian people were known. You yourself went out, Bali, that very French theater, the very interests of the yards, the very interests of service and intrigue. Only the greatest stakes scrambled to susilla at the one who guessed the difficulties of the right camp. Indeed, many people were far from aware of the global Russian problems, because of the great reason, and the need for the people of war. Lightly continued to live by its own interests, and to inspire for the melancholy of the national dash here selfishness, visuvannya, service.
False patriotism manifests and graph Roztopchin, which spreads fools around Moscow "afishki", Calling the inhabitants of the place not to deprive the capital, and then, ryatuyuchis in the people's anger, svіdomo direct the death of the innocent son of the merchant Vereshchagin. Podlіst and zrada will unite from zarozumіlіstyu, inflate: “Yomu wasn’t tilled, Sho Vin Keruvov, called the residents of the Moskvi, Ale Yoma, Sho Vin Kero Karu, for the pretext of his own animals, the writers of the fiber. beast ».
Showy є razuminnya of the author's setting to the point that it appears, and the reaction of the participants in the scene to Berg's behavior is like a direct one, so there is no direct connection with the hero's monologues. The count’s direct reaction is: “The count grimaced and suffocated…”; “Ah, get in all the way to the day, to the day, to the day and to the day! ..” Natasha Rostova's reaction was even greater: “... such a gidota, such an abomination, such ... I don’t know! Hiba mi nіmtsі yakіs?..” Viguk Natasha Rostovskaya deschko despoiled in the monologues of Berg, fabulously it was related to Petya's rozpoviddyu about the welding of the fathers through the introduction. But it is obvious that Tolstoy contributed a few words to Natasha's mouth from the method of giving a residual assessment of Berg's hypocritical shamelessness (an indescribably riddle about the Germans).
Such, nareshti, Drubetsky, Like, similar to other staff officers, thinking about the fences and passing through the service, “to rule your own best camp, especially the camp of an adjutant with an important person, it was given to you especially by the army”. Singingly, not in anticipation of the battle of Borodino, P'єr commemorate on the guise of officers the greed of awakening, the thoughts of yogo are compared with the "greater viraz of awakening", "which spoke of food not special, but savage, nourishment of life and death."
Tolstoy will reconsider us that those nobles can be true patriots, like they touch the spirit of the people, we can be happy in the calm and prosperity of our country.
Uniting people behind the moral principle, podkreslyuyuchi especially important in the assessment of the people of the truth of the yogo patriotic sense, Tolstoy draws closer to the most addicted people behind his hospitable camp. The stinks are close to the spirit, rise to the greatness of national patriotism. And it’s not for nothing that P’er Bezukhov, leaning on the Borodino field, comes before the end of the battle, which is good luck - angry with the simple people. ("Be a soldier, just a soldier. Seek in the whole world of life with all the dignity.")
In this rank, true patriotism in Tolstoy's mind is the most vivacious moral strength to the spirit of the people. Popular patriotism is an unstoppable force in the fight against enemies. Peremozhets - the Russian people.
Butt of Vikonannya zavdannya 17.3 on ЄDI from literature with butts and quotations from the text.
Widely known is the fact that Lev Mikolayovich Tolstoy was graciously adopted at court and for an hour wrapping himself in the same stakes. Prote z vіkom prikom osvіdomlyuvati, like a lot of nonsense and falsehood has accumulated in this great society, like people are lucky to behave one to one, like a dishonoring veil of aristocratic pojzhennya. Step by step, leaving the light and shaking the truth among simple peasants and remists, spitting it out for themselves with a lot of simple, but at the same time new and marvelous. For this very reason, in his book "War and Peace", the author destroys the theme of the truth and hypocrisy of our values, to understand those principles.
Absolutely all warehouses in the novel, beginning to be called and ending with ideas, will be in contrasts: Kutuzov and Napoleon, military battles and peaceful scenes, more heroes that bullshit. Contrasting one to one, Tolstoy gives an understanding of what is right and wrong with beauty, patriotism and love. The skin of a person can be meant for himself, so that he can better understand the world, people, and, most importantly, himself.
True and hellish patriotism in the novel Vіyna ta mir
The novel "War and Peace" has right and wrong, sour patriots. For example, richly noblemen stopped speaking French and dressed up in sarafans and captans, if the war of 1812 began. Prince Rostopchin, the Governor-General of Moscow, and zovsіkav vitikav from himself bezsmachnі, nagranі, jingoistic patriotic beasts, and tse zamіst of that, schob effectively help and pіdtremati nalyakanyh people who were angry, left their native land.
True patriotism was manifested by ordinary people, who, being not wealthy, all the same singed their houses, speeches, rilli, but not to deprive the enemy of anything, not to help him with his belongings and get to Moscow at once. Having been deprived of poverty, these unknown heroes went to foxes and organized partisan corrals, and then gave the French beggarly blows, risking their lives for the sake of the father’s land. At that very hour, a lot of nobles sacked the retailers between the Russian tsar and the foreign zagarbnik: they put their own special interests above the national ones. The stench calmly accepted the guards and fawned over them for the sake of saving their privileges.
True and Hibny heroism in the novel War and Peace
Prince Andriy is thinking about true and hellish heroism, if he goes to war for the sake of glory. Under Shengraben, I take a part in the battle and carry out the feat of the battery of the modest and ungracious captain Tushin, breaking through the corral of captain Timokhin, like a beast of the French at the leak, the smiley Dolokhova, like heroically capturing the French officer. The hero is impossible to grow up, who is the right hero, wanting to lie on the surface. For example, Dolokhov paid a heap for vchinok, boasting about him on the occasion, and Tushin for his modesty was not spared by the command, and they would have spared him, Bolkonsky did not intercede for him. Which one of them is a hero? Korislivy Dolokhov chi unknown hero Tushin? How virishiti, even insulting the stench of life, for the sake of a sleeping dream?
At the battle under Austerlitz, Andriy sent soldiers to a deadly bloody battle, which could be destroyed. The hero, like Dolokhov, settling down on fame and not shaking his head, like before her. It’s not for nothing that Kutuzov took care of his life, but Bolkonsky didn’t listen for the sake of it. Tse i є hibny heroism, from which the prince perekonavsya vlasny dosvid.
True beauty in the novel "War and Peace"
Tolstoy describes the impersonal negligent women, even though it is a task to depict the truth of life. For example, about Natasha of Rostova, write: “Ugly, thin ...”, do not forget to guess the girl’s mouth, what the girl is crying for, її ignorance and incompleteness in appearance. About Prince Bolkonskaya, they speak directly: “Prince Marya is ugly ...”.
Then the head of the salons and the ball of Helen is a blind beauty. Vaughn is miraculously folded, її shoulders whirled round hot heads.
However, the right beauty for Tolstov is not at the level of oldness: “The princely Mary is ugly for the garnisha, if she cried, but she cried, she didn’t look like it, but I regret the embarrassment.” The soul of this girl was beautiful and shone in the middle, if she was given free rein. Natasha Rostova is also a garna at her mercy and simple heart. So the beauty of creativity itself was invisible to nothing, even though Natasha miraculously sang and danced talano.
In this order, the right beauty always manifests itself in naturalness, kindness, creativity, but not in appetizing forms, conducive to spiritual happiness. To those who do not understand true beauty, do not get happiness and harmony in life, like P'er Bezukhov, who fooled himself into Olen.
Sense of the novel "War and Peace" polagaє in permanent Russia to the truth, even if only those heroes, yakі were able to achieve this, wised up to themselves and got lucky.
Tsikavo? Save on your wall!(402 words) Telling readers about Vytchiznyanoi war against Napoleon in his epic novel "War and Peace", Tolstoy touched those patriotic struggles of the Russian people. And yet, the author, emphasizing the blind heroism of these struggles, we are in front of the quotes about those who are right-wing patriotism and how to infuriate it in the light of the great populism.
Already on the cob, the writer of all beauty demonstrates to us the understanding of pardon patriotism. My bachimo nobility svospіlstvo, scho zabrudnelo in vulgarity and hypocrisy, scho discuss war in Europe. Slightly full of pathetic promos that curse Napoleon, pathetic tribute to the victory of Russia. But behind these thick words, there are no real rights, the nobility, in the face of real action, do not have a real understanding of the war and just follow the official position of the order. The most important part of the nobility is more important than reaching its own special goals, that is, the recognition of its positions in the social sphere. The picture of lies and hypocrisy becomes even more beautiful, if we are transferred to Austria, de mi bachimo demoralized soldiers, we don’t know how to wake up, we fight against them. Showing Tolstoy, like an elite of the Russian Empire, crouching with fashionable gasls for the sake of the motherland, sending soldiers at the headless meat grinder for the sake of the interests of the rulers and generals.
Characteristically, after the Tilzitsky world of anti-Napoleonic rhetoric of the nobility, the rhetoric of the nobility began to change into an opposite one. Voted toasts for the French emperor, Russian-French friendship is magnified. Tolstoy, in his turn, reinforces the unprincipledness of the nobility, undermines the strongest world.
Already the twelfth military commander of Napoleon invaded the territory of Russia. Tolstoy renews the brand of the nobility, as if to inspire at the most critical time for the country, it appears as an uncultivated bachiti far from his nose. Prince Kuragin, who is trying to navigate between two opposite thoughts about Kutuzov, Olen Kuragin, as he himself fell apart, he accepts Catholicism, and he is buried only by separation from the man, staff officers, and turbovan and including promotion. Only those nobles, as if they saw the greater world, show right patriotism and rightly speak about the country that people. For example, such prominent individuals, like Mikola and Petro Rostov, Andriy Bolkonsky, Fedir Dolokhov, are no more than pissing on the aphids of the people's pidyoma, which suffocated the country. To the thought of Tolstoy, the most ferocious, to instill such a vivacious knowledge, the strength of the simple Russian people could defeat the previously unstoppable army of Napoleon. With whom Tolstoy is deprived of faith: war, on this thought, zhahlivy villainy, cover with ford and blood. People, defending their country, build on the biggest animals and inhuman things.
Tolstoy shows us that the right patriotic one seems to be thrown over the years of the most important trials. The very same spontaneity and breadth, pragnennya to the vlasnoї vlagodi and empty boasting, revitalize the same kind of hibnoy patriotism, which vikoristovuyut for their purposes the scoundrels and shakhrai.
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SECONDARY LIGHTING SCHOOL №36
SUMMARY OF LITERATURE
ON THE TOPIC: "THE THEME OF TRUE AND KHIBNY PATRIOTISM IN THE NOVEL "VIYNA AND SVIT"
Vikonav: learn
Kirilov A.F.
Revised by: Fedulova O.O.
ASTRAKHAN 2005
THE THEME OF TRUE AND FUCKING PATRIOTISM IN THE NOVEL
"VIYNA AND THE WORLD"
The main theme of the novel "War and Peace" is the image of the feat of the Russian people in the Great War of 1812. The author speaks in his novel about the true blues of the fatherland, and about false patriots, so that he can think less about his coyness.
Tolstoy's victorious reception of the antithesis of the image as a podia, and heroes of the novel. Let's just follow the novel. At the first volume of wines of rozpovida about the war with Napoleon 1805-1807, de Russia (an ally of Austria and Prussia) recognized the blows. Go to war. In Austria, General Mack was beaten under Ulm. The Austrian army surrendered. The threat of destruction hung over the Russian army. On the first axis, Kutuzov sent Bagration with chotirma with thousands of soldiers through the important passages of the Bohemian mountains to the French. It was necessary for Bagration to make an important transition and to trim the forty thousand French army before the arrival of Kutuzov. Yogo corral needed a great feat to kill the Russian army. So, the author brings the reader to the image of the first great battle. At this battle, like a leader, zukhvaliy and fearless Dolokhov. Dolokhov's goodness is manifested in battle, de "winning one Frenchman at point-blank range, the first taking an officer for the commissar, who rushed back." And after that, I went to the regimental commander and told me about my "trophies": "Please remember, Your Excellency!" They gave the vines, having opened a khustka, having mixed it, and showing the baked shelter: "The wound with a bagnet, I have healed myself at the front. Remember, Your Excellency." Scratch, start remembering us in front of yourself, deprive yourself, mustache, to rob, rob yourself. We are not surprised by Zherekhov's behavior. If, in a battle, Bagration sent Yogo with an important order to the general of the left flank, he didn’t go ahead, de chulas the shooter, but began to shove the general away from the battle. Through non-transfer of the order, the French cut down the Russian hussars, many of whom perished and were wounded. There are a lot of such officers. Don’t be afraid of the stench, but don’t forget the stink for the sake of your sleep, take care of yourself, career and special interests. And the Russian army was formed not only from such officers. At the divisions that paint the battle of Shengraben, we have the right heroes. The axis of the wines sit, the hero of the battle, the hero of the battle, the hero of the battle, small, thin and brudny, sit barefoot, taking on his shoes. Tse artillery officer Tushin. "Great, prudent and kind eyes marvel at the chiefs who have entered, and try to flirt:" The soldiers seem to have risen in the air, - and be merciful, vіdchuvayuchi, that the heat does not go too far.
Tolstoy to rob everyone, so that Captain Tushin stood in front of us with an unheroic, funny look. But the very same funny person was the hero of the day. Prince Andriy will rightly say about him: "To the success of the day of my goiter, the greatest success is the battery and the heroic steadfastness of Captain Tushin with the company."
Another hero of the Battle of Shengraben is Timokhin. The wines appear in that very whine, if the soldiers gave in to their armor and died. It was given, everything was spent. Ale tsієї mitі the French, who were advancing on ours, raptly ran back, and Russian arrows appeared in the fox. That was Timokhin's company. I can only turn around for Timokhin the Russians and pick up the battalions. Manhood is different. There were a lot of people, immeasurably good in battle, but yakі ruined in everyday life. With the images of Tushin and Timokhin Tolstoy, read chitacha bachiti in a right way good people, their incomprehensible heroism, their great will, as they help to overcome fear and win battles.
Leo Mikolayovich Tolstoy recounted the war, arguing hotly with those who joked "the beauty of fear" in the war. When describing the war of 1805, Tolstoy speaks like a writer - a pacifist, but when describing the war of 1812, the author switches to positions of patriotism. The war of 1812 appears in Tolstoy's image as a people's war. The author creates impersonal images of peasants, soldiers, the judgments of those in the marriage create people's light. The merchant Ferapontov reconciled that the French should not be allowed to reach Moscow, "not guilty", but, having learned about the building of Moscow, he was wise, that "Russia has got it!". And if Russia is already a woman, then there is nothing to salvage your good. Let's shout to the soldiers, so that the comrades took it away, but nothing happened to the "devils". The men of Karp and Vlas decided to sell sino to the French, took it to their hands and went to the partisans. In the period of difficult trials for the Vitchizni "the right of the people", the defenders of the Batkivshchyna become wild. All the heroes of the novel are perverted from the other side: they are inspired by the stench of the nation-wide feelings, they are ready for a feat, for a high sacrifice, that self-confidence.
In love to the Batkivshchyna, the patriotic almost equal prince Andriy Bolkonsky and the soldier of the yogo regiment. Ale, Prince Andriy is no less than spiritualizations for ignorant feelings, but he is able to tell about something new, analyze it, understand the ignorant misunderstanding of the right. The mood of the entire war before the Battle of Borodino itself can be assessed and recognized. The very numerical participants of the great podії podіyut after him themselves, and it’s not unfamiliar - they just stink even more unfortunate.
"The soldiers in my battalion, believe me, did not drink vodka: it's not such a day, it seems," - this is all that Prince Andriy feels about the soldiers in the battalion commander Timokhin. P'єr Bezukhov is full of intelligence sens "unreasonable" and even short words of soldiers: "We want to pile on the people, one word - Moscow. One end of the want to grow." Soldiers hang up at the crossroads, readiness to die for the Batkivshchyna. In the novel "War and Peace" Tolstoy describes the war of 1812 on the territory of Russia, a fair war. D. Z. Likhachev wrote: "The historical side of the novel on the її morally - plausible part of the whole will end in Russia, and even if the novel, like the novel, does not cross the borders of the Russian land. Paris, which is confirmed by the death of the cordon of Kutuzov. folk hero"not needed". Tolstoy, to the actual fighter, is playing the same folk concept of defensive warfare ... The enemy that invades cannot be kind and modest. That old-Russian historian does not need accurate information about Batia, Birger, Torkal Knutson, Magnus, Mamai, Tokhtamish, Tamerlane, Edigei, Stefan Batory, or else about some other enemy that escaped into the Russian land: wine, naturally, by virtue of one only of your own will be proud, self-singing, proud, you will be full and empty phrases. The image of the enemy, which invaded, is only meant for the future - for the invasion. Navpaki, the defender of the vіtchizni, always be modest, pray before the ledge at the pokhіd, more check for help burn and sing in your rightness. Truth, ethical truth from the yogo side, and tsim appointed yogo image ".
The whole Russian people rose to fight from the garrisoners. Lev Mikolayovich Tolstoy, having taken into account that the role of the specific peculiarity of history is insignificant, that millions of ordinary people should create history. Tushin and Tikhon Shcherbaty are typical representatives of the Russian people, who rise up to fight against the enemy.
Tolstoy creates a narcissistic image of an inactive partisan, the muzhik Tikhon Shcherbaty, who comes to Denisov's corral. Tikhin was invigorated by the heroic health, majestic physical strength and virility. In the struggle with the French, the wines show strife, in spite of that fearlessness. Tikhon's characteristic rhyme about those, how the Frenchmen attacked him with "skewers", and the wines on them were pishov іz sokira. Tse perekuєtsya with the image of the Frenchman - Fencer and Russian, who wields a cue. Tikhin and artistic concretization of "dubin" people's war".
At the paddock, which constantly attacked the wagons of the fortune-tellers, it was a lot of bullshit. Ale Tikhonov's will not be needed - wine or other, and another duel with the French, if it was necessary to have enough "movie", as a whole among the souls of the deepest mirkuvan Tolstoy about the people's vicious war: "Come, I say, to the colonel. four. They rushed at me with skewers. I attacked them in such a manner: what are you, speaking, Christ is with you, - Tikhin shouted, waving and frowning grimly, sticking out his chest.
People's patriotism of Tolstoy is opposed to the false patriotism of the secular nobility, the main meta of which is to catch "fuck, ruble, repair." The patriotism of the Moscow aristocrats is in the fact that the stench of the deputies of the French martyrdom or the Russian ones, and for the French words were fined. The soundness of Alexander I in Tolstoy's image is unpretentious. Figures of duplicity and hypocrisy, as if they were powerful in the "great light", are also manifested in the character of the king.
The stench can be seen especially clearly at the scene of the arrival of the sovereign before the army after the victory over the gate. Oleksandr puts Kutuzov in his arms, mumbling at his own: "Old comedian". S. P. Bichkov wrote: "Hi, not Oleksandr I, who was a "religious batkivshchyna," how did they try to depict state patriots, and not in the middle of the tsar's approach, it was necessary to tell the right organizers to fight against the enemy. A group of people started striking at the door with the Grand Duke and Chancellor Rumyantsev, as if they were afraid of Napoleon and stood in awe of her world ".
Platon Karataev - instillation of "everything Russian, good and round", patriarchy, humility, unresistance, religiousness - all quiet qualities, like Lev Mikolayovich Tolstoy so appreciated in the Russian village. Lidiya Dmitrivna Opulska wrote: "The image of Plato is foldable and superbly chic, and superbly rich means for all the historical and philosophical concept of the book. No more, vtim, lower Tikhin Shcherbaty.
Patriotism and closeness to the people are the most important for P'er Bezukhov, Prince Andriy Bolkonsky, Natasha Rostova. In the people's war of 1812, that majestic moral force was laid down in fate, as it cleansed and regenerated the beloved heroes of Tolstoy, blew into their souls richly becoming zaboboniv, self-lovingly. At the Vitchiznyanii war, the share of Prince Andriy is on the same road, like the share of the people. Andriy Bolkonsky is approaching ordinary soldiers. “At the Yogo regiment they called “our prince”, they wrote him that they loved yoga,” Tolstoy wrote. Vіn beginning bachiti smut recognition of people in service to people, people. Even before the war of 1812, Prince Andriy zrozumiv, that the people might lie down not according to the will of the rulers, but according to the people themselves. Lidiya Dmitrivna Opulska wrote: “Already understanding the inner springs of war, Andriy Bolkonsky, having mercy on the world. Speransky, not Emperor Oleksandr, but the milloni themselves, is one of the main ideas of Tolstoy's philosophy of history.
Forgive Russian soldiers played such a vital role in the moral inspiration of P'er Bezukhov. Vіn proyshov through zahoplennya Freemasonry, blagodіynistyu, and nothing gave him moral satisfaction. Only in close contact with ordinary people vin ozumiv, that the meta of life is in life itself: "For now, life, happiness." Already on the Borodino field, even before the dawn of Karataev, P'er Bezukhov had the idea of experimentation: "Be a soldier, just a soldier!" LIDIYA Dmittrevna Smulska wrote: "Swording spokiy, in the habit of Sensі Zhitty P'har, to know, having survived the heroine hour of the 12th of the 12th of the Land of the Poloni, with Plato Karatyvim. simplicity, that simplicity, the strength of that order of people, as if they were born in a new one in the soul and called stink." єra in his middle and nicknamed "our sir", like Andria "our prince". P'єr cannot become "just a soldier", a droplet, who gets angry with the strength of the surface of the cool. I think more fervently about those that people are guilty of shaming themselves, To understand all the wickedness, all the impossibility of war.
Positive Rice Natasha Rostovo with a special jascrivista at that moment, if, before the output French to Moskvi, is spiritualized by the patriotic soils, to the snake to take the wound of the wounded I, to Inshawa, Tu, Toy Radita Khovlyn - Take Khvlynino Khvlynin - Tedist Khovlyno Khvvilino Khvvilin - Type Khevlynino Khvvilin - Type Khevlynino Khevvlyno Chvilin. folk music reveals all the strength of the national spirit, which has been aggravated by him. Natasha's energy comes out of renewal, zvilnennya from the false, hybny, sonorous, which brings out "God's light in the wild."
In the winter of 1812, when the skin of a soldier fought for his house, for his relatives and loved ones, for the Batkivshchyna, the strength of the security "multiplied tenfold". How far did Napoleon stick out the coal of Russia, the more the forces of the Russian army grew, the more the French army weakened, turning into big villains and marauders. Only the will of the people, less popular patriotism, the "spirit of the military" to rob an unstoppable army. Tsej visnovok rob Tolstoy in his immortal epic novel "War and Peace".
List of victorious literature
1. L.M. Tolstoy, "War and Peace", M., "Radyanska Rosiya" 1991
2. A.A. Saburov, "War and Peace" L.M. Tolstoy. Problematics and poetics, "Type of MDU, 1981r."
3. L. Libedinska, "Live Heroes", M., "Child Literature" 1982.
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