Celtic string instrument liri. Significance of a company, a Celtic stringed instrument in the encyclopedic vocabulary of Brockhaus and Euphron
Also, there is little normal information from the liri on the Internet, and to that I speak dryly in my home to all the libraries - Wikipedia ...
Lira- string musical instrument at the look of curved frames with strings stretched in the middle of a different lashing, a good reminder of classical antiquity and life. The most recent insights unearthed the expedition of L. Woolley in Ur. It is a symbol and an attribute of poets, the emblem of military orchestras.
AT Ancient Greece the recitation was accompanied by a thunder on the lyre. On the lyre of classical antiquity, sound the grails, plucking the strings with a plectrum, like a fresco on a guitar or a zither, and not plucking the strings, like a fresco on a harp. With the fingers of a free hand, they muffled the strings, inappropriate for this chord.
In Ukraine and Belarus, the lira is an old-fashioned stringed folk instrument (XVII century) with a great lower body, which is also called “ryle”. In Europe, this instrument is used like Hardy-Gardy. Three strings of various lashings are stretched over the body, placed in a special screen. A small keyboard with 8-11 keys is attached to the side of the screen. With a gloomy left hand, press the keys, and with the right hand turn the handle, which will bring a special ring to the hands, fit hair, skin and rub rosin. Kolіschatko third about the strings and zmushuє їх sound. The middle string changes its height under the onslaught of the keys and serves to win the melodies. The rest of the strings under the hour of fire do not change their height. The sound of the lyre is strong, sharp, like a gooey vodka.
Zgidno with the Greek myth, the pershu lyre was blamed for the lack of Hermes. Vіn tying an empty tortoise shell, fastening cow horns and a crossbar to both sides, and pulling three strings. The adventurous continuation of this myth tells about those, like Hermes, having killed the flock, shepherded by Apollo, and then we remembered the flock for our wine, the lyre, until Apollo added the fourth string. This myth is reminiscent of Leopold Mozart's Violin School, seen in 1756!
As a rule, there were seven strings on the lyre, and the axis looked like this (levoruch - reconstruction of the leftover instrument found during excavations in Attitsa; exhibit from the British Museum; right-hander - the young Apollo with the lyre; kіlik z Delphi):
In Crete, the lira was seen at home already close to 1400 BC. (image on the fresco at the tomb of the Holy Trinity), but the instrument itself, perhaps, is older.
Zgіdno with instructions, on the lyre the legendary Greek musicians of the divine or the melody of the divine march were played: Orpheus (to whom, nibito, the lyre was handed over by Apollo himself) and Amphion, who created the verses of Phiv and the sounds of the lyre. Those retellings, which were revealed in ancient musical treatises, brought to us the tune of the so-called Orpheus lira - in modern understanding, the price of the note is "mi, si, la, mi", taken from the first octave down.
In the meantime, Orpheus and Apollo were far from being depicted as such that they would play the lyre themselves, but for the most part, I would only respect her.
Livoruch - the death of Orpheus, which, perhaps, is trying to vryatuvat his lyre in the face of the roiling bacchantes, presenting a blow to the unprotected chest (vase, Louvre). At the center - Orpheus among the Thracians.
On the right - Apollo I, imovírno, Orpheus, with the rest in the hands of the lyre (Attica, 5th century BC).
They played on the lyre, either plucking and plucking the strings with their fingers, or striking them, or plucking them with a brushed handkerchief - a plectrum (they are called a mediator by guitarists). In the rest of the day, the sound came out as a sound, the resonance - as it did, and the musician did not rhyme with callosity, but beat the pads of his fingers into the blood. Orpheus on the central image is the same.
Images of the attacking little Erot obviously go to his own professionally and chirp with the plectrum (the lyre sounded on the bells of those other cheerful and radio calls). Plectrum, schob vin without falling at an inevidpovidny moment and without ruining, attaching to the lyre with a shkiryan remin.
Although richly prominent musicians were lyricized, they increased the number of strings on the niy to 9 (Theophrastus Piersky) and navit to 12 (Melanipid), in classical and in the era of Hellenism, it was mainly a "home" instrument, oscillating the sound. On n_y they started pochatk_vts_v - like on both hovered pictures below. On the little right hand on the wall hang another stringed instrument - forming.
The women also played on the lyre, the shards were not as important as the cithara, and did not show great physical strength. Moreover, at the sight of the wind instrument of Avlos, or of Avla (about the new one, as it were, at another time), the gra on the lyre did not respect occupations that were obscene for a decent woman, as the deacons of Musi were depicted with the lyre.
The similarity of plucked instruments is far from us for thousands of years, but it is possible to strengthen it with perfection: the first instrument of this genus was the striletska cibulya. The addendum is different, third, etc. yativi called out to the life of the people of the ancient lyre. The appearance of a resonator - a bunch of simple watermelon, and then a wooden flat body - turned the lyre into a zither. And suddenly the lyre lifted the vulture - it turned into a lute. The main images about the old plucks were formed until the 16th-17th centuries. Luckily, these instruments will still sound today in ensembles that exemplify old-fashioned music. It's beautiful, more than love to music, no doubt, there is an inexact interest on the verge of її turns.
Irish (Celtic) harp
Nine musicians may rightly be more important than the reconstructions of the ethnic Irish harp. Among them, old-fashioned reconstructions are being dragged and finished... Representations in illustration are the instrument of chanting in the 20s of the 19th century. Vіn vljadaє dosit modern, but pohodzhennyam zavdyachuє middle harp, if the flooring of the popular among the European minstrels. Like a modern orchestral harp, the Irish (Celtic) harp is made up of a tricot frame with strings of various dozhina. Pedal replacement (to change the height of the sound) - special important, ruffled on the front (bent) stand. Strings of metal or life. Musically and accompanying the harp, the strings were plucked with fingertips; and it was respected by a heavy human robot! Nine among the musicians, like playing the ethnic harp, there were few harpists. The range of the instrument is stored over a chotiri octave. The height is about 90 centimeters, the width of the soundboard (near the widest area) is close to a meter.
Zither
There is a great group of different shapes, but similar to the way of sound-making instruments, united by the name of zither, leading their own kind of ancient Greek citrus. Parni or zdvoenі (combined in chori) zither strings are stretched over a flat resonator. Strictly seeming, harpsichord and pianoforte can also be carried to zithers.
The system is simple and fast. The concert neck has five strings, which are used for the introduction of the melodic line (such a zither was popularized in the 19th century in Germany and Austria).
The peak of popularity of zither in Europe falls on the era of the Renaissance and the early baroque. On the zither, on the lute, they played with a plectrum. In Italy, the boules were widened by the head rank of the instrument with the strings of the zavdovka 46 cm; the zitris of the larger one (with strings up to 63 cm) and the smaller one were also strung. The most popular variety of Russian citrus is gusli.
The old psaltery (named like a wreath - “I rattle [on the strings]” or “I sort out [the strings]”) at the XII century, the deliveries to Europe from the Close Descent by the traditional route - through Spain. The instrument is maw tricutny or trapezium-like body. In the Latin tradition, the word psalterium meant some kind of stringed instrument, which can be related to the biblical king David and psalms. In the Middle Ages, the victorious instrument was already widely used, prote until the end of the 15th century of the viyshov іz vіshvannya, which did not go into the new rich in chromaticism of the Renaissance music.
Oud - front of the lute
The lute is one of the most popular European musical instruments from the hours of the middle to the first half of the 18th century - it looks like a good luck, a kind of introduction to Spain by the conquerors Arabs from the 8th century. The very word lute is similar to the Arabic al-ud.
In the name of the instrument - Al-Ud - there is a pressure on those who induce wines not from a harbuon, not from the shell of a marvelous creature, but from a tree (in Arabic translation al-ud i means "tree"). What can I do to take away high rіven craftsmanship and developed technology of hardwood processing. Ud zgaduєtsya in Arabic dzherelah z IX-X centuries, a prote on the Arabian Pivostrovo similar instrument used at least two centuries earlier. Oud - Straight front of the European lute; Yomu von Zobov is called by his own name, and to him it is easy to recognize Yogo as a stringed plucked instrument.
In the Arab countries, and de-no-de on the Close Descent, dosі vvazhayut, scho vinayshov onuk of the prophet.
The middle ages, and at the same time the great lower ranks, tied wine to the instrument in the name of the ancient Greek philosopher Plato.
І tse for the day of Plato's negative setting to instrumental music!
Name the strings of the instrument historically: zіr, masna, masla, bem, - they were likened to several elements of nature: fire, water, earth and wind.
Obviously, the zaprovadzhennya of the fifth string, called "had", and zmusili our distant successors to low attempts at rethinking the concept of svetobudov.
On the old illustration, victorious by an unknown Spanish artist, the one attributed to “Minstrels with a child and a lute”, it is not a lute that is depicted, but an oud, which confirms the rosette on the sounding board is typical for the rest.
Among others characteristic sign tool:
- corpus prepared from gorіha, pear and sandalwood;
- pine deck;
- por_vnya short neck with a curved head back.
The thickness of the body and deck parts is close to 5 mm. The strings on the back are zhitlovі, and the strings are with the addition of a seam and nylon. The number of strings - type 2 to 7; the modern victors sounded to give priority to instruments with 5 subwinding strings and one single string. The tuning of the strings is done by quarts. When playing, the strings are plucked with fingers or with a plectrum. The oud range is no more than two octaves.
The head of the tool is 850 mm, the width of the body is 350 mm, the head is 480 mm, the height is 200 mm.
Nairanisha music, created especially for the lute, dates back to the end of the XV century. The repertoire of the lute grew steadily: the basis of yoga was laid down by the accompaniment to the song and the translation of the vocal songs.
The lute, not without success, called to the attention of European artists from the 13th to the 19th centuries. And it's fair! It is important to show your harmonic composition, lower
a lute player (abo lute player) is played with this romantic and beautiful instrument.
The lute has a spherical body with wooden bands, a flat sounding board with a stand in the lower part and a resonant opening at a viglyadі vtonchennoї rіzblenoї аbо richly incrusted rosettes, neck with navyaznymi zhitlovyh frets, peg box, vіdkova box, vіdkova box, . twin rows (choirs) of strings (the upper melodic and additional bass strings can be single). When playing, the lute is trimmed vertically, often on knees.
The strings of the lute are thin, the lower strings of the guitar, their timbre is richer for the high overtones and may have a characteristic nasal note. Instruments to sing for the number of choirs, rozmіrom and nalashtuvannyam. The number of choirs is rarely less than chotiriokh. The range of the lute was expanded by adding new choirs to the lower register; rich lutes in the 18th century were small up to 13-14 choirs. When grі on instruments with the number of choirs, they blamed folding with left-handed fingering on the lower strings; obviously, the strings lower than the sixth choir were tuned behind the tones of the low diatonic scale, which allowed for the removal of brown sounds without the participation of the left hand (such diatonic bass strings are called "ranges").
Of the numerical types of lute tuning, there are two. The first one is like a “renaissance lacing”: G-c-f-a-d'-g' or A-d-g-he'-a'. The sequence of intervals was stagnated by the stretch of the 17th and the beginning of the 18th century. Another type, the so-called "baroque nalashtuvannya", viniklo on the cob of the XVII century in France; this is the most typical variety: A-d-f-a-d'-f'.
In the era of the Baroque, the lute, which could be replaced as a whole, continued to serve music in ensembles and orchestras; Vivaldi and Bach wrote for her. Party
lutes sound and in "Passion for Matthew". Bach, virtuoso with the help of imitations and stylizations, did not look at such a textured instrument, endowed with a mysterious, even quiet, archaic tone.
The composers of the era of classicism, Haydn, also forgot the lute. Truth be told, at that time, the main positions shifted to the area of home music-making. It's a pity, but in the other half of the 19th century, the piano was singing in the same way.
Interest in ancient music in the 20th century is rich, which is why it develops as an interest in lute and lute music. Possibly, it was connected with the “guitar boom” of the 50s and 60s (even the guitar is a lute instrument), reviving the traditional English balady and French chanson... In their own genres, genres were inconceivable without the participation of the lute.
Theorbo
Theorbo, abo theorbo - a bass modification of the lute, - appeared in Italy as a reminder of the XVI century and a wide-width nabula. And at once you can watch the theorbo as a participant in the viconnance of Antonio Vivaldi's cycle "Pori rock" and other baroque music with modern warehouses.
This great instrument (of more than two meters in height) can pick up melodic strings, lashed like a lute, and pick up more, freely vibrating bass (bourdon) strings, which satisfy the diatonic scale. The dermal set of strings has its own head from a peg box. The total number of choirs is 13 or 14. In the XVII century and on the cob of the XVIII century, the theorbo sounded like a soloist, often as an accompanying instrument, especially when implementing a digital bass. Deyakі doslidniki vvazhayut theorbo with a variety of catarron, which does not give in to respect - the flooring is a hostile dispute!
Chitarrone (Chitarrone)
Kitarron (one and the same instrument is called a kitarrone, and another is an archilute) is not just an instrument. Tse visionary! One young violinist, leaning over the chitarron, stupefied: “Lord, that hiba yogo nalashtuesh if you spit it ?!” One peg box of a two-meter chitarron is assigned for 11 (one or more) strings, which should go to the fretboard, and another (on the end of the neck) - for 8 freely vibrating bass strings.
Kitarron buv extensions like the 16th and the first half of the 17th century, most importantly in Italy; vikoristovuvavsya lead rank for accompanying a solo spіvu.
Prodovzhennya at the next number
Love ... Wonderful charіvne pochutya, scho granting people neimovirnu nasolod, hope for happiness that bliss. People know a lot of wonderful retellings about kohanny, tremblingly put before them and take them from their memory. Garni legends about the selflessness of Tristan and Izoldi, Joth and Akbar, Romeo and Juliet are passed on from generation to generation. The story about the kohannya is rich, but there is one more, as it deserves special respect. Vaughn came to us from the hours of old, from ancient Greece. This is a retelling about the famous spivak Ellady Orpheus and his beloved squad - the nymph Evridika. The legend is to say that Orpheus, having spent his kohana, died from a snake bite, calling for the most important thing: having descended into the underworld kingdom, to ask the god of the dead Aida to turn Yoma Evridika. Faithful companion, that helper of Orpheus at this important expensive bula yoga lira, the enchanting sounds of which could sing the rivers, enchant nature, creatures and birds. What kind of tool is it, what kind of magical power can it have? God Hermes created a lyre with a long-standing Greek myth in a child's head with a turtle shell, scourge horns and three vein strings, rich in talents. Let's exchange wine for a herd of divine cows, which belong to the god of spirituality and mysticism Apollo, the enchanted sounding instrument, which he gave to his hand, and even the seven-stringed instrument, the legendary Orpheus, which brought the lyre from the world of people.
Sound
What is the sound of the lyre - an instrument of divine inspiration, which our distant ancestors loved anyway? Її voice is more low, iridescent and charming. It was important that the wondrous sounds of the lyre cleansed and healed the soul, reminiscent of heavenly harmony. On the lyre they played music sitting or standing, trimming the instrument along the length to the body under a small kut. During vikonann, they victored different sounds and sounds, such as plucking the strings and sorting: with the right hand they ran along the strings, and with the left they muffled the obscene sounds.
A photo:
Tsіkavі facts
- The lyre was often depicted on ancient coins.
- The lyre in the present hour is victorious like a folk instrument in the midst of the ancient world of Africa.
- The oldest lira, which was saved on the European continent, is close to 2.5 thousand.
Folk music and instruments of Pivnichnoevropeyskogo Serednyovichchya
Vaughn was found in Scotland in 2010 roci.
- The lyre is born from the old English poem "Boevulf", written at the turn of the first thousand years of our era. This ancient poem, which is composed of 3182 rows, has come down to us in full obsyasi.
- Old lyric poetry can be seen at the Ashmolean Museum of Art and Archeology in Oxford (England), the Archaeological Museum in Heraklion (Greece), the Rockefeller Museum in Jerusalem (Israel), and also in the historical museums of the USA, Pennsylvania (England) .
- Nini lira is a word that has a richer meaning: it is a symbol and an attribute of poets; the emblem of Viysk orchestras; penny unity of Italy, the Vatican and Turechchini; suzir'ya, which is known in the pivnіchnіy pіvkulі, in the most brightest є zіrka under the name "Vega"; Australian bird, what a tail for the shape, what a lyre.
- There are a lot of musical instruments, like the word lira in their name. Ale varto signify that nothing stinks with the ancient lyre, for example: the kolіsna lira, the Pontian lira, the Cretan lira, the Byzantine lira, the lira that braccio, the lira that gamba.
Construction
The lyre, which can reach the original configuration, is formed from the resonator body, which is like a tortoise shell and tightened by the membrane from the whiplash. Pіznіshe yogo began to work at the sight of a chotirikutnik from a tree. On the body were fastened two thinly bent staves like a collar, and a tree of horns of antelope was prepared. At the upper end, the staves are hung with a crossbar, in which the strings are stretched to the resonator. The number of strings on instruments varies: chotiri, sim, ten, and on experimental instruments - twelve, eighteen and more.
Different liri
Liri family includes instruments different types and rozmіrіv, but the most requested are helis, forming and kifara.
- Helis - this is the name of my most primitive lira with a body made of tortoise shell, a kind of buv wrapped in an ox skin. The instrument was light, small roses and rose to popularity for music-making among women.
- Forminga is an instrument of ancient Greek opovіdachіv - aedіv, which does not resonate with its special sonority. Vin may have its own design, which allows yoga trim for help to be thrown over the shoulder of the dressing.
- Kifara is an instrument with a flat, important body, on which only people could play. The number of strings varied from seven to twelve.
History
The lyre is an instrument that is first associated with the culture of ancient Greece and Rome, the sheets have long appeared in the life of people, which today the historian cannot accurately name the hour of that place of yoga. Behind deakim pripuschennyami lyre liri є Thrakіya, and, according to others, Close Skhіd. Same in Mesopotamia, one of the oldest civilizations, on the territory of the Sumerian Ur under an hour archeological excavations similar stringed musical instruments were found, which were made in the middle of the third millennium BC. The scholars of art gave them the name of the Ursk liras. The found instruments were to make great roses, with a number of strings from eight to twelve and a resonator, in the form of a whip head. In Assyria, the bik buv is a symbol of kinship and mav is especially shanuvannya among the inhabitants of the region. In the biblical tales, we know the repeated riddle that, approximately at that very hour, the lira was already demanded in Ancient Egypt, as well as a favorite instrument among the Jewish people King David, who had a bright specialty not only among the Old Testament, but also among the worldly history, was musically pleased with the new one.
The most early image of the lyre, which has come down to us, dates back to the hour of the Minoan civilization (1400 BC) and is located near the famous sarcophase of Agia Triadi, which rose on the cob in the peninsular part of the island of Crete. This is the hypothesis that the lira itself from Crete began its expansion in Greece and the Roman Empire, de nabula of the original configuration at the sight of the pidkovi, and also in the ієrarchy of the victorists at that hour the musical instruments were employed. The lyre, as it played an important role in the culture of these lands, was respected as an apolonic, gentry tool, trained on what would be obov'yazkovy at the consecration of the "free" hulk. Vaughn was a demanded instrument not only among the famous musicians of that time, but also among the “old-time bards”, to which there were opposites, charismatics and sings. Shards of the sound of the lyre accompanied like a spiv, and the declamation, the sing-song form of the ancient poetry, having taken away the name "lyrical". Krіm tsgogo, the instrument is actively victorious in home music: vіn vvazhavsya decent for decent women. Shards of the lira are small to great popularity, the masters gradually modified the її, prepared different types and reconciliation. The number of strings on the instrument varied and reached seventeen, but the seven-stringed lira was the most requested.
In the era of new antiquity, at the hour of the fall of the Greco-Roman civilization, the lyre progressively began to expand in Europe, among the Celtic and Finnish peoples. There, she recognized some constructive changes, shards were made from a whole piece of wood. After the first thousand years of the birth of Christ, the lyre was significantly changed, here it changed from a plucked won into a bow instrument, here it added its own neck, and in its first row, it step by step went out of active living, but saved its aristocratic status.
It’s a great pity, lira, as she is the ancestor of rich musical instruments, she doesn’t take proper respect, but people remember her and confirm that the emblem of musical art is seen in the sight of a thin old ancient instrument.
Video: listen to the lyre
Lute
Main views
Lute- Ancient stringed plucked musical instrument. The word lute, apparently, resembles the Arabic word al'ud (tree), although the recent work of Eckhard Neubauer suggests that ud is simply an Arabic variant of the Persian word rud, which can mean a string, a stringed instrument, or a lute. At the same time, Gianfranco Lotti realized that in early Islam "tree" was a term with an animal connotation, a smart fence for instrumental music. A vikonovets on a lute is called a lute player, and a master virobnik is a fierce one.
preparation
The lutes are made from a tree. A soundboard made from a thin sheet of wood (as a rule, yalini) has an oval shape.
Rota, Celtic stringed instrument
In all types of lute sounding boards, replace a single or alternate socket with a sound opening. Sockets sound richly decorated.
The body of the lute is assembled from four ribs of hard wood (maple, cherry, black wood, rosewood and others). On top of the large current stringed instruments, the lute neck is mounted on the same level with the soundboard and does not hang over it. The neck of the lute, as a rule, is made from light wood covered with black wood.
History, adventure
The recurrence of the lute is unknown before the stone. Various versions of the instrument were victorious in recent times in the cultures of Egypt, the Hittite kingdom, Greece, Rome, Bulgaria, Turkey, China, and Kіlikії. On the ear of the 7th century, the form of the lute vinikli was similar in shape to Persia, Birmenia, Byzantium and the Arab Caliphate. In the 6th century, the lute with a short neck expanded to the Bulgars throughout the entire Balkan island, and in the 8th century, the bula was introduced by the Moors in the culture of Spain and Catalonia, in such a rite of dominating the pandur with a long neck in the Mediterranean. The history of the rest, however, did not end: on their basis, the Italian guitar, the kolashon and the chitarroni were vinikli.
On stick XV and XVI centuries, a lot of Spanish, Catalan and Portuguese lute players began to vicorate viuel de mano (“manual viuela”), an instrument that is close to viol and gamba in its shape and whose mode is in tune with the lute. Viuela under the name "viola da mano" expanded in the regions of Italy, which were under the rule of Spain, especially in Sicily, the Kingdom of Naples and the papal state under Pope Alexander VI.
Possibly, the most important "transit point" between Muslim and European Christian cultures in this period should be taken into account by Sicily itself, where the lute was brought by Byzantine and later Saracen musicians. At the same time, that these lutes-lutes served as court musicians during the period when Christianity was revived on the islands, the lute is more often, lower, like other musical instruments, is depicted on the paintings of the stelae, 11 , Italy), Founded by the Norman king Roger II. Until the 14th century, the lute expanded already throughout the territory of Italy and could penetrate from Palermo into the German lands, immovirno, zavdyaki vplyu on the culture of the land powers of the Hohenstaufen dynasty.
Middle lute mali chotiri chi five lad strings. The sound-sounding sound was heard for the help of the plectrum. Rosemary of the lute in variation: a documentary confirmation of the fact that before the end of the Renaissance epoch there were up to seven rosemaries (including the bass lute). Obviously, in the Middle Ages, the lute was more importantly victorious for accompaniment. The number of musical scores, which have been preserved to this day, were written before the beginning of the 16th century, which, with great frequency, can be carried to the folded specially for the lute, is superficially small. For everything, it is explained by the fact that in the middle ages and at the beginning of the Renaissance, the lute accompaniment was of an improvisational nature, which did not depend on musical notation.
In the rest of the decade of the 15th century, lutes were gradually introduced into the victorious plectrum on the scale of the finger way, more attached to the victorious polyphonic music. The number of twin strings increased to six or more. In the 16th century, the lute became the main solo instrument of its hour, the prote continued to victorize and to accompany the spivaks.
Until the end of the Renaissance, the number of guy strings grew to ten, and the Baroque era reached fourteen (sometimes up to nineteen). The instruments, which had up to 26-35 strings, yearned to change the very structure of the lute. At the time of the completion of the history of the development of the archilute instrument, the theorbo and torban were equipped with podovzhuvachi, vbudovaniya in the main peghead, which created an additional dovzhina of bass strings, which resonates. The human valley is unable to grab fourteen strings for a tack, and to that the bass strings were hung in a pose with a fingerboard and were not squeezed by the left hand.
In the era of the Baroque, the functions of the lute were significant in the world to the accompaniment of the basso-continuo, and step by step it appeared to be vitiated in this role by keyboard instruments. Starting from the 19th century, the lute practically came into being, but a few of its various varieties continued to be used in Germany, Sweden and Ukraine.
Most recent composers
The most famous composers who composed for the lute in different eras:
Renaissance composers:
Italy: Vincenzo Capirola, Francesco Canova and Milano;
Central Europe: Balint Backfark, Diomed Kato, Wojciech Dlugaray, Krzysztof Klabon, Melchior Neizidler, Jakub Polak;
England: John Dowland, John Johnson, Philip Rosseter, Thomas Campion;
Composers of the Baroque era:
Italy: Alessandro Pichchinin, Antonio Vivaldi, Johann Ivan Kapsberger;
France: Robert de Vize, Denis Gauthier;
Nіmechchina: Johann Sebastian Bach, Silvius Leopold Weiss, Wolf Jakob Lauffensteiner, Bernhard Joachim Hagen, Adam Falkenhagen, Karl Kohout;
Current composers:
Johann Nepomuk David (Nimechchina), Volodymyr Vavilov (Russia), Sandor Kallosh (Ukraine and Russia), Stefan Lundgren (Nimechchina and Sweden), Toyhiko Sato (Japan and Holland), Ronn McFarlane (USA), Paulo Galvao (Porto) McKillop ( Scotland), Josef van Wisems (Holland), Oleksandr Danilevsky (France and Russia), Roman Turovsky-Savchuk (USA and Ukraine), Maxim Zvonaryov (Ukraine).
Video: Lute on video + sound
Reminder of the slander
Lira
Main views
Lira- string plucked musical instrument in the form of a clamp with two curved sticks, which protrude from the resonator body and are connected closer to the upper end by a crossbar, five or more gut strings are stretched to the body.
Pokhodzhennya, historical notes
Vyniknuvshi in the prehistoric hours at the Close Descent, the lyre was one of the leading instruments among the Jews, and later among the Greeks and the Romans. The instrument served for the support of the spivu, and at times they played on it with a great plectrum.
With the arrival of the Greco-Roman civilization, the area of the lyre's expansion moved to Pivnichnaya Europe. Pivnіchna lira, as a rule, looked at the design in the form of antique: staves, crossbeam and resonator body often hung out of one piece of wood.
After 1000 AD e. naboules are not plucked, but smichkovy liri, especially among the Welsh and Finns. In our hour, there are less finis, and also the Siberian relatives of the Khanty and the Mansi victorious lira.
In ancient Greece, recitation was accompanied by a thunder on the lyre. On the lyre of classical antiquity, sound the grails, plucking the strings with a plectrum, like a fresco on a guitar or a zither, and not plucking the strings, like a fresco on a harp. With the fingers of a free hand, they muffled the strings, inappropriate for this chord.
Zgidno with the Greek myth, the pershu lyre was blamed for the lack of Hermes. Vіn tying an empty tortoise shell, fastening cow horns and a crossbar to both sides, and pulling three strings. The adventurous continuation of this myth tells about those, like Hermes, having killed the flock, shepherded by Apollo, and then we remembered the flock for our wine, the lyre, until Apollo added the fourth string. This myth is reminiscent of Leopold Mozart's Violin School, which was seen in 1756!
Pіznіshe on the lyre was, as a rule, sim strings.
In Crete, the lira was already seen at home already close to 1400 BC, but the instrument itself, perhaps, is more ancient. Zgіdno with instructions, on the lyre the legendary Greek musicians of the divine or the melody of the divine march were played: Orpheus (to whom, nibito, the lyre was handed over by Apollo himself) and Amphion, who created the verses of Phiv and the sounds of the lyre.
Celtic stringed musical instrument that looks like a liri
Those retellings, which were found in ancient musical treatises, brought to us to inculcate the harmony of the so-called Orpheus lira in modern understanding of the price of notes mi, cі, la, mi, taken in the first octave down.
Although the lyre was played with richly prominent musicians, they increased the number of strings on the niy to 9 (Theophrastus Piersky) and navit to 12 (Melanippid), in the classical and in the era of Hellenism, it was mainly a home instrument, oscillating the sound of the country. On nіy navchali pochatkіvtsіv.
The women also played on the lyre, the shards were not as important as the cithara, and did not show great physical strength. Moreover, at the sight of the wind instrument of Avlos, chi Avl, the lyre was not respected by busyness, obscene for a decent woman, as well as the deacons of Musi were depicted with the lyre.
In Ukraine and Belarus, the lira is an old-fashioned stringed folk instrument (XVII century) with a great lower body, which is also called “ryle”. Three strings of various lashings are stretched over the body, placed in a special screen. A small keyboard with 8-11 keys is attached to the side of the screen. With a gloomy left hand, press the keys, and with the right hand turn the handle, which will bring a special ring to the hands, fit hair, skin and rub rosin. Kolіschatko third about the strings and zmushuє їх sound. The middle string changes its height under the onslaught of the keys and serves to win the melodies. The rest of the strings under the hour of fire do not change their height. The sound of the lyre is strong, sharp, like a gooey vodka.
Video: Lyra on video + sound
Zavdyaki sim video You can get to know the instrument, look at the real guitar on a new one, listen to its sound, understand the specifics of the technique:
Sales: de buy/loan?
There is still no information in the encyclopedia about those who can buy or replace this instrument. You can change it!
Reminder of the slander
Natural vitamins, sports food, cosmetics, herbs, products
Like a gramophone or a copier, the word "ionika" looks like a trademark, as it gradually expanded not only to її products, but also to all similar speeches. For example, in the last century, small-sized synthesizers were called ionics, which can often be played at concerts. musical bands. Such attachments are called "electric organs", but the word "synthesizer" is more auditory.
What is ionika
Spravzhnі ionіki buli dosit still primitive outbuildings. But it turned out so well that this musical instrument became a whole era in youth music. Imported equipment from the capitalist lands was not only inaccessible for us, but, for good reason, it was unknown to us. And the axis from the socialist countries can be imported. And so the German synthesizer (more precisely, "Gedeyer's", as they said), becoming the "star".
The synthesizer of the production of the German Democratic Republic, earlier than the release of 1959, was called Іonіkoy. Yogo was named so once for 2 reasons. First, through the design of the fixture. On the back, a lot of electronic radio lamps, zastosovuvalis at the new and ion lamps - neon, or the title of thyratron. Friend, є i taki nіmetske zhіnoche іm'ya - Іonika. Vodnochas viyshla tsіkava trade mark.
Only the lamps were not true to themselves; They were replaced by electronic ones as a part of the repair, as well as with the release of new synthesizer models. Under the name of "Ionika" navіt was issued a sprinkling of navprovidnikovyh models. And in the Radyansk Union, all the small synthesizers began to click on the word step by step, among them they did not have the same breath as the NDR. Now, it's true, the manner of naming synthesizers and ions step by step has already begun in the past, and in the new capital it seems like that for an hour. As a rule, people who make the right "ionics" popular.
What is ionika
For our watches, the ionika synthesizer is old-fashioned flooring, which is easy to find on the Internet to find a photo of the products of the same brand. As a rule, other synthesizers are used, similar in appearance. But if a small BIA, a vocal-instrumental ensemble, is practically suitable, it cannot do without its small and handy “electric organ”. Vіn vіyshov to the history of music is so mіtsno that you live in it through the song "Chizh" about the school ensemble.
Why are the synthesizers good? Let's guess radian hours. The others were simply not enough. To this we kindly vvazhavsya practical whether it's a tool, which you could get together. In addition, ionika was equally compact, a great plus for small groups without their own transport. As the musicians got to the point of the ledge, they realized that it would be better for them to carry a neat, small-sized synthesizer in their hands, lower the burden on a larger scale, high and bright. And the two guitars and the ionika - tse vzhe mayzhe BIA, wanting drums, zvіsno, tsіkavіshe.
On such a synthesizer it was apparently easy to play, through its very simplicity and simplicity. For musicians-pochatkivtsiv tse tezh buv commemorate plus. You can share photos of girls with ions, such artists, obviously, were more important and easy on the instrument. It's more important, it's more for the boys. It looked fun, simple and hot, but the fans of the quiet VIA didn’t need more.
What is ionika
From the other side, the ionic architectural style is also called ionic.
Musical instruments
Obviously, as you sound like a “ionic column”, you suddenly realized that you can’t sing until music. Old Greek ionika appeared before our time, in the fourth or fifth centuries. However, as it seems, we know the other story.
Arabic musical instruments
You, obviously, you can ask, we need to see you arabic musical instruments, yakscho mi not muzikanti, but dancers, but better and don’t feed :) That’s why music can be directly related to us - even if it’s dancing to the music, and we’re guilty of it ourselves and celebrate with our dance. Theoretical knowledge about the instruments, like victorious ones in similar melodies, will help us to better understand what we feel, and grammatically and cliques to beat with hands.
Mabut, the leading instrument of Egypt, and the "queen" of all similar compositions TABLA
- drum, which even guesses the Middle Asian darbuku chi dumbek.
Egyptian tabla
mostly ceramic with mother-of-pearl inlay or painted with ceramics. Rosmіri can be different: 30-40 cm frills and 20-35 cm in diameter. Ribi skins are stretched on the road drums, and goats are on the cheap ones. Krіm natural ceramic tablets, in Egypt are also popular metal darbuki with a plastic membrane. The main strokes of the head "dum" vibrate in the center, and the second "tech" - the white of the rim.
Practically suitable song for belly dance don't miss out on the sound tab.
And also the dancers often dance tabla solo, tobto skhіdny dance tіlki pіd drums. The drum can be played not only with rhythmic little ones, but also to remind the sound of cackling trilling fractions that fade, then calm down, and cackling accents.
Audio "Tabla"
Egypt also has frame drums РІК (tambourine) and DEF.
RIK
- a small frame drum, which sounds like a guessing bubo. You can feel yoga in classical, pop and dance music.
Lyra (musical instrument)
More victorious as an accessory for belly dancing. As a rule, the rim is 17 cm in diameter, and the depth of the rim is 5 cm. Five pairs of mid-sized plates were installed in obid, which create an additional ring. That is why often the rivers dosit important things on the vag.
Audio "Rik"
DEF
- A frame drum of great diameter without metal cymbals on obidu, victorious for bass rhythmic accompaniment.
Audio "Def"
Another great drum DOHOL
- percussion musical instrument, which is formed from an empty cylindrical body, with a diameter of about 1 m and a height of 25-30 cm. On the dosi
to make a sound either with your hands, or with two sticks, one of them is similar to a reed, and the other is like a thin rod.
Audio "Dohol"
You can sing along, yak belly dancer every hour I step out to accompany myself with small metal plates, dressed on my fingers. SAGATI.
There are two pairs of plates, usually made of brass, which are worn on the middle and thumb fingers of the skin hand, for dancers - a small size, for musicians - more.
Sagachi
- this is an old musical instrument, which may have analogues in rich countries (Russia - spoons, Spain - castanets). AT Arabic dances the stench was often a part of the musical accompaniment of the dancers from the hour of havez. At once at similar dances sagachi
vikorivuyut at the folklore and classical vikonan (rax kulka, beledi).
Audio "Sagati"
SISTR
- musical instrument from the category of percussion (castanets); ancient Egyptian temple bryazkalce. It is folded from a metal plate in the form of a double-breasted or staple, a handle is attached to the larger narrow part. Small cracks open, broken from both sides of the chains of the pidkovi, metal rods of various sizes were stretched out, the ends of which were bent over with a hack. Place plates on metal clips, or twinkles rattled, or rattled when crushed.
Audio "Sistr"
Well, now after such rich and percussion instruments let's move on to the melodies :)
GO
- this stringed musical instrument similar to a harp. Yogo is laid horizontally and warmed behind the help of metal tips on the fingers. It's hard to finish grati from a newcomer. And the dancers of a similar dance, if you smell the composition in advance, and the wines sound in the singing part on their own, solo, victorious in their own improvisation of various combinations of shaking.
Audio "Forward"
UDD
- this is a fretless plucked lute with a short neck, which looks like half a pear in shape. Overpopular in Egyptian and Turkish music with a run of rich hundreds of rock, and also widened in Pivnichniy Africa, on the Near Skhodі, in Central Asia and the Sahara.
Audio "Udd"
MIZMAR
- Wind musical instrument. He has two tongues and two trumpets of the same dozhina. Mizmar belong to the world of folk music, and most of all, you can feel it in similar folklore, especially in saida.
Audio "Mizmar"
NII
- tse v_dkrita from both sides of the flute. Vaughn bavaє raznykh razmіrіv i zazvichay vygotovlyaєtsya z outline or bamboo. Instead of traditional materials, plastic is replaced by metal. Budov, that victorious instrument deceives with its unawareness: most of the time her
May one little finger for a finger on the day that six beasts, and the musician just takes a pipe. Zavdyaks of special technical musicians can play in greater boundaries, lower than three octaves. Basic tone not me
lie down in the depths of the tubes.
Audio "Ney"
RABABA - a stringed bow instrument of the Arabic style, with a round body and a small round opening for resonance on the deci. As a rule, one or two strings are used. Often vikoristovuєtsya at the music of the lands of the Perskoy Zatoka.
"RABABA"
Glancing at the world of musical instruments in the lands of the Persk Stream, one cannot but tell about TAP - the most important instrument of the classical musical tradition of Iran. Tar - a stringed instrument, on which they play for the help of a metal plectrum, a mezrab inserted into a bag of wax. In the past Iranian tar maw five strings, prote nin roar six strings. Most resonator (deck) container vyrizaєtsya from the vitrimanoy village of a mulberry tree (shovkovitsі). The older and dryer the wood becomes, the better the sound of the instrument will be. Ladi sings and prepares from the singing appearance of the intestines of a ram, and the vulture is that head container - From a pea tree. The shape of the resonator of the instrument is similar to two folded hearts at once, from the side of the valve it looks like a person to sit. The support for the string, which is called "donkey", is prepared from the horn of the girskoy goat. On the side of the front part of the neck there is a camel's brush.
"TAR"
Dutar (the translation from Persian has “two strings”) - an Iranian stringed plucked instrument, which, as it sings out of the name, may have two strings. When playing on this instrument, sound vicorist not a plectrum, but a finger. Dutar May the body be pear-shaped and finish a long neck (about 60 cm). The pear-like part of the dutar is made from the village of black shovkovitsa, and the yoga neck is made from an apricot tree or a hairy mountain tree.
"Dutar"
Similar to the front tool SETAR (from Persian “three strings”) - an Iranian stringed plucked instrument, when played on a string, it is not a plectrum, but a finger, that sounds. In the past setar mav three strings, now - chotiri (the third and fourth strings are ruffled close to one to one, when they are played, they begin to chirp at once, after which they sound “combine”, calling them the bass string).
"SETAR"
Calling chimalu kіlkіst Arabic musical instruments, I would like to say that there is far from everything :) Схід great, and practical in the skin region, in the skin region - its own characteristic national tools. Ale with the main ones, with which we often chat, dance in love skhodnі dances, mi, mabut, you were recognized. So we will cover truly similar instruments, in songs for belly dance we can often feel the sounds that are more resonant to us accordion, synthesizer, violin, trumpet, saxophone, guitar and organ.
A leather musical instrument has its own character, its own individuality and its own charm. We wish you a lot of listening and getting to know them, that further fruitful creative friendship at the belly dance :)
MUSIC INSTRUMENTS INDIA
The most important place among musical instruments in ancient India lay with percussion and strings. Maistri made metal cymbals, gongs, drums. The drums were covered with a sheet of parchment, and they were covered in front with special broths made of rice and herbs. Zavdyaki such a vibration reached the m'yake that much sounding.
tabla
The greatest difference behind the timbre male tabla drum, what behind the form guesses the modern timpani; the sound from the new one is drawn by the blows of the hands (pencil and fingers). There is a legend that tells about the people of the tabla. During the hours of Akbar, two professional vicons lived on pakhavadzhi. The stinks were irreconcilable superniks, and they constantly waved one by one. Once, in the hot essence of the drumming, one of the superniks - Sudhar Khan - having recognized the blows and, not able to blame the yogic hit, slamming his pakhavadzh on the ground. The drum broke into two parts, which turned into tabla ta dagga.
Ghatam
Smaller type of drum ghatam. This instrument looks like a clay miner, covered with a shkir; to warm on the new one, with fingers and nails. A similar technique allows you to play with the simplest instruments and different sounds.
Lira - old musical instrument
Who can get away, what is the greatest clay miner. However, this is not so, wanting to start, obviously, the mountaineers themselves were wrestling for the grie. Syogodni Ghatam is a modern Indian musical instrument. The ghats are to blame for the sound of the miner's music - the walls are the fault of the same comrade, otherwise the sound will be uneven. Ghatam is an ancient instrument, which was created in the Ramayana (written, as it seems, a thousand years before our time). Vіn victorious, as a rule, like a rhythmic support of other Indian instruments. Inode - at once from the table.
mridangam
mridangam- tse pіvdennoindіysky variant of the pakhavadj drum Vin may have a strong similarity with the pakhavaj, but also to establish the significance of the immanence of the design, and in the manner of playing on the ground. The tone of this instrument is also affected by the peculiarities of the design. Tsikava budova mrdangama. Vіn maє schіlnu kіltsevu membrane on the stake of the right side; between the ring and the main membranes, the sprats of straw bundles are spread. From the right side there is a special nip, called smittya or karanai. On the left side of the mridangam, for the removal of the main deep tone, one more patch is rushed from the sum of the water, as it is taken after the skin manifestation. The lacing and the base of the drum are stitched over a cylindrical wooden frame. For the frame, vicorate jackwood. Mridang is a regular participant of Pivdennoindian classical phenomena. On these occasions, vikonauts play the most sophisticated passages, accompanying vocalists, as well as vikonavtsy, like playing wine, violinists, or gottuvadiyas. This is more collaborative art, which means a lot of practice rocks to achieve mastery.
Manjira
Manjira vodomі pіd rich with names. The stinks are also called "janj", "tala" or a number of other words. In fact, the price was collected from two small cymbals. The essential component for victorious dance music and bhadzhaniv (* the musical form is expanded, it was put back to folk music, some of it can be brought up to the rich classical forms; in fact, it is a spiritual song, dedicated to God or to a saint - approx. translation). This is an ancient tool - this image can be played on the walls of temples from the most recent hours. Manjira victorious at vikonnі dance music, bhajanіv.
Guilt
Guilt- Old Indian plucked (plector) musical instrument. Make the shape of a lute. For the lower and richer timbre, the fault is called the queen of the strings. Be respected by an important tool and help bagatory practice. The Indian goddess Saraswat, as she is considered the patroness of mysteries, is often depicted with guilt in her hands.
Sitar I will add guilt. The name, imovirno, resembles the Persian "setar" - the great-grandfather of the rich stringed instruments of the Skhod. The sitar appeared in India in the 13th century during the period of the rise of the Muslim influx and looked at the back of the ear like a close relative - the Tajik setor, which is three-stringed (tse means three). However, in India, the instrument changed: the middle rosewood resonator was replaced with a majestic harbuzov, but they didn’t sing on it and added one more harbuzov resonator, attaching it to the top of the hollow fretboard, embellished the deck with rich erysipelas and elephant lady was replaced. .
Shipkov's Crimea in India was based on smichkov's strings.
Sarangi
Nasampered tse sarangi- A straight-cut instrument, the upper part of which is covered with a sheet. It is difficult to finish the sarangi of the vlashtovans. Crim three of the main, playing strings of the new one, even more and additional ones, which resonate the strings (twenty five - thirty), ruffled by the players. The bow does not stop strings to resonate, but at the hour of music, the stench also chirps, which gives the sound a specific zabarvlennya. Indian musicians learn to sing the sounds of saranga with a human voice. The instrument looks like a solid piece of wood - the arch of a lung, Khiro. In India, traditionally different parts of musical instruments are named by analogy to human parts of the body. So, the Indian Sarangi (sarangi) maє the head (peg box), the neck (the neck of the neck), the vuha-tse pegs for lashing, and the chest is the body of the Sarangi. In Nepal, musicians name the strings of the 4-string Saranga in honor of the members of the family: father, son, daughter of that mother.
Shankha
Shankha- A ritual object in Hinduism, a sea shell of great roses. This is the shell of a great sea mollusk that lingers in the Indian Ocean. At Sunset, this type of shell is called the "sacred shell". In Hindu mythology, shankha is most often depicted as an attribute of Vishnu. Shankha also belongs to the list of eight friendly symbols of Buddhism, ashtamangala. The shankha trumpeted at the course of the Hindu temple rituals, and in the past, they also vicorated on the battlefield to call the army, announcing about the attack or the beginning of the battle. Being a water symbol of the shankha, it is associated with glory, dovgolitty, prosperity, purification from sins, and also with the eternal abode of Lakshmi, the goddess of prosperity and the squad of Vishnu.
Music occupied one of the most important places in the system of mystics of ancient India. Її coils encroach on folk and cult rites. Cosmological manifestations of ancient India collided with the spheres of vocal and instrumental music. Tsіkavo, that maybe all the ancient instruments have been preserved to our days, and modern Indian musicians play on them, as if reaching out to the traditions.
2010 Music blog "Gusli"
The initial project Formation of Musical Culture of Music
ROTA, CELTIC STRING INSTRUMENT
or the mole is a middle-class Celtic stringed instrument, the body of a kind of wheel. R. early period the number of strings (up to 17) is small for the great number, they sang with a plectrum. R. to look like a liri. Later, the number of strings began to change (up to 3), and the plectrum was replaced by a bow. At the manuscript of the abbey of St. Climb, which can be seen until the VIII century, there is an image of R. with one string. In the era of the Volodymyr of the Moors in Spain and cross-country campaigns, R. got angry with the Arabic three-stringed rebab instrument, omitting the name "Fidula" (from the Latin word fides - string). Qia's name passed from fidel, viel, viola; The axis of why R. and the rebab are vvazhayut by the ancestors of the viol, for which the violin - violino, was born, because the violin is small. Groovy trim R. how to trim our violin. Z.
Brockhaus and Efron. Brockhaus and Euphron, encyclopedic vocabulary. 2012
Marvel at the darkness, synonyms, the meaning of the word that is the same ROTA, CELTIC STRING INSTRUMENT in Russian language in dictionaries, encyclopedias and docs:
- TOOL in the Glossary of evil jargon:
- 1) gradient maps, 2) ... - TOOL Glossary of economic terms:
DOVGOVIY - see DVGOVIY INSTRUMENT ... - COMPANY
(Rota) Nino (1911-79) Italian composer. Music before films: "The Road", "Nights of the Cabiria", "War and Peace", "Machinist", "Rocco and Yogo Brothers", "Licorice ... - TOOL at the Great encyclopedic dictionary:
(from lativ. instrumentum - znaryaddya) znaryaddya human practice chi vikonavchy mechanism of the machine. Razrіznyayut іnstrumenti: manual, versatny and mekhanіzovaniya (manual machines). … - TOOL from the Great Radian Encyclopedia, BSE:
(Latin instrumentum - znaryaddy), znaryaddya human practice chi vykonavchy mechanism of the machine, like "... zahoplyuє object pratsі that dozilno zminyuє yogo"... - COMPANY from the Modern Encyclopedic Dictionary:
- COMPANY
(Rota) Nino (1911 - 70), Italian composer. Author of penetrating, melodic music for F. Fellini's films ("Nights of Cabiria", "Licorice of Life", "Amarcord"). - TOOL in the encyclopedic dictionary:
[kind of Latin instrumentum znaryaddya] 1) znaryaddya to work (instrument of slyusarny, surgical and others.); 2) musical instruments - piano, grand piano, clarinet ... - COMPANY in the encyclopedic dictionary:
s, w. Pіdrozdіl at the pіhotі and іnshih childbirth vіysk, scho to enter the sound to the warehouse of the battalion. Rotniy - what comes up to roti, ... - TOOL in the encyclopedic dictionary:
a, m. Carpenter in. Surgical one. 2. select. The sukupnіst such znaryad. Choose… - COMPANY in the Encyclopedic Dictionary:
, -i, f. Viyskovy pіdrozdіl, scho to enter the warehouse of the battalion. Striletska, motorized, tank, mortar, sapper river. The number of people cohos. (transl.: ... - TOOL in the Encyclopedic Dictionary:
, -a, m. robot. Manual c. Verstatny i. Control and vimiryuvalny that. Surgical one. 2. select. Those... - CELTIC in the Encyclopedic Dictionary:
, -a, -e. 1. div. celti. 2. What is known to the Celts, to their mov, the way of life, culture, and also to the city ... - STRING
STRING ORCHESTRA, an orchestra that is made up of string instruments - violins, violas, cellos, ... - STRING from the Great Russian Encyclopedic Dictionary:
STRING SENSOR, vimiryaє. peretvoryuvach at looking stretched steel string and electric-mechanical. peretvoryuvach, scho zbudzhu kolyvannya strings and transform їх on the electric. … - COMPANY from the Great Russian Encyclopedic Dictionary:
ROTA (Rota), m. and port in the south of Spain, in author. region Andalusia. OK. 30 t.zh. Viticulture. Military-sea. base ... - COMPANY from the Great Russian Encyclopedic Dictionary:
ROTA (Polish rota), osn. tactical pidrozdil at the motorized rifle. (motorized infantry., pіkh.), tank., іnzh. that in. viyskakh. Stocked from Dec. platooned that ... - COMPANY from the Great Russian Encyclopedic Dictionary:
ROTA (Rotha) Paul (1907-84), Eng. documentary filmmaker, film critic. R.'s creativity is characterized by social directivity. F .: "Wharf" (1934), "Light of Prosperity" (1943), "The Earth is inhabited". - COMPANY from the Great Russian Encyclopedic Dictionary:
ROTA (Rota) Nіno (1911-79), ital. composer. Learn I. Pizzetti, A. Caselli. Music before films (St. 100): "Road", "Nights of Cabiria", "War... - TOOL from the Great Russian Encyclopedic Dictionary:
INSTRUMENT (from lat. instrumentum - a sign), a sign of human practice or vikona. machine mechanism. Razrіznyayut І.: manual, typesetting and mechanization (manual ... - TOOL in the Encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron:
? vminnya koristuvatisya znaryaddy for ease of practice puts one of the features of a person: Franklin navіt defines a person as a "creature, how he prepares ... - STRING
string "nny, string" "nniy, str"nniy, str"nniy, str"nniy, str"nniy, str"nniy, str"nniy, ... - COMPANY in the new accentuated paradigm of Zaliznyak:
ro "ta, ro" ti, ro "ti, ro" t, ro "ti, ro" there, ro "tu, ro" ti, ro "toyu, ro" toyu, ro "there, ro" ti, ... - CELTIC in the new accentuated paradigm of Zaliznyak:
ke "ltsky, ke" ltska, ke "ltske, ke" ltske, ke "ltske, ke" ltske, ke "ltske, ke" ltske, ke "ltske, ke" ltske, ke "ltske, ke" ltske, ke " ltska, ke "ltska, ke" ltska, ke "ltska, ke" ltska, ke "ltska, ke" ltska, ke "ltska, ... - TOOL in the new accentuated paradigm of Zaliznyak:
tools, tools, tools, tools, tools, tools, tools, tools, tools, tools, tools, tools, ... - COMPANY at the dictionary Anagram.
- TOOL at the Popular Tlumach-encyclopedic dictionary of Russian language:
-a, m. other special duties, but ... - COMPANY the dictionary for solving that folding of scanwords:
One hundred warriors, one ... - TOOL in the Thesaurus of Russian English vocabulary:
Syn: znaraddy, mechanism, ... - TOOL at the New Dictionary of Foreign Words:
(Lat. instrumentum) 1) work aid (i. slusarny, surgical, etc.); 2) a special accessory, intended for the selection of music. … - TOOL in the Glossary of foreign viruses:
[Lat. instrumentum] 1. znaryaddy to work (i. slyusarny, shirurgichny toshko. bud.); 2. special attachment, for the selection of music. sound … - TOOL from the Russian Thesaurus:
Syn: znaraddy, mechanism, ... - TOOL at the Glossary of synonyms of Abramov:
projectile, projectile, tackle, attachment, harness, attachment, organ, apparatus, machine. Porivn. . Div... - STRING
double-stringed, double-stringed, rich-stringed, single-stringed, seven-stringed, three-stringed, choti-stringed, ... - COMPANY at the vocabulary of Synonyms in Russian:
author, pidrozdil, ... - TOOL at the vocabulary of Synonyms in Russian:
Syn: znaraddy, mechanism, ... - STRING
dod. 1) Spivvіdnoshennia for the value. 3 days: string (1), what is behind it. 2) a) The one who has a string as his main element (about ... - COMPANY at the New Tlumach-Slovovar lexicon of the Russian Efremova:
well. 1) Viyskovy poddrozdil, scho to enter the warehouse of the battalion or another larger military unit. 2) trans. Pack. when applying for ... - CELTIC at the New Tlumach-Slovovar lexicon of the Russian Efremova:
dod. 1) What is worth the Celts, what is with them. 2) Power to the Celts, characteristic of them. 3) What to lie down ... - TOOL at the New Tlumach-Slovovar lexicon of the Russian Efremova:
m. 1) Zbroya - ring out by hand - for you to be. robot. 2) rozg. Musical instrument. 3) trans. Zasіb, scho zastosovuєtsya for ... - ...STRING at the New Tlumach-Slovovar lexicon of the Russian Efremova:
Kіntseva part of folding prikmetnikіv, scho to make meanings: maє stіlki strings, sіlki are designated in the first part of the word (three-string, seven-string, eight-string thinly). - COMPANY
company, ... - CELTIC at the Glossary of Russian language Lopatin.
- TOOL at the Glossary of Russian language Lopatin:
tool, ... - STRING at the New Russian Spelling Dictionary.
- COMPANY at the New Spelling Dictionary of Russian Language:
company, ...
lira at the human mind
Alternative descriptions. "naked piano"
Rich-stringed plucked musical instrument
Musical Grati
On some tool glischuche engraved Celtic god Lug
Virsh M. Lermontova
String instrument
Stringed musical instrument, on which Kseniya Erdely played
Eola tool
naked piano
Bagato string with orchestra
. "symphonic harp"
The story of the American writer Truman Capote "Lisova ..."
What kind of instrument would be like the word "arpeggio"?
What musical instrument was played by Vira Dulova?
What orchestral instrument can you play the smallest note on?
String plucked musical instrument
The name of the musical instrument resembles the word "hump"
Gusli that grew
Musical instrument of T. Dogilova from the film "Prokhіndіada, аbo bіg na mіstsі"
Who is the father of all stringed instruments?
Musical instrument, which has consumed the national coat of arms of Ireland
Musical instrument Eola
Virsh Lermontov
Orchestral bugatistronka
Bagatostring
Great Grandmother of the piano
Dulovy tool
Trikutnik with strings
Concert harp
. "grown" gusli
Eolive tool
Eolova...
Standing "gusli"
Instrument with 47 strings
Instrument Terpsichori
Bagato-string trikutnik
Instrument of Xenia Erdely
string instrument
Viri Dulovoi's instrument
Tricky musical instrument
. "Nude" piano, scho becoming dibki
Rich-stringed plucked instrument
. "Nude" piano vertically
. piano striptease
musical instrument
Piano after paying taxes
Minesinger tool
The largest female musical instrument
Gusli vertically
Elder "sister" liri
Standing frame with strings
Vertical sister gusliv
47-string with pedals
Today's lira
The most recent musical instrument
Manchurian barley
. "women's day" tool
First arpeggios were played on it
String frame with woman
Striptease piano
Great string musical instrument
String musical instrument
String plucked musical instrument
Virsh M. Lermontova
. "Holy" piano
. "Nude" piano vertically
. "Nude" piano, scho becoming dibki
. "Symphonic harp"
. "Striptease" piano
. "Suto zhіnochiy" instrument
. "Bare Piano"
Zh. standing gusli; a musical string with a tricot, with a lower one on a long kutka; obsyag harp in six octaves, for pіvtonіv є pіdnіzhki; strings (metal and intestines) to touch with fingers. Harp, harp sounds. Arfic notes. Harpist m.-tka w. engraver on the harp. Eol's harp, old box of thin planks, with two or more strings; she herself will sound in the open wind. Name suzir'ya. Drotovі abo motuzyanі gurkіti for hanging garden land
Who is the father of all stringed instruments
Musical band, in the form of standing harps, on a warm wind; suitable sounds alone sound to one
Musical instrument of T. Dogilova from the film "Prokhіndіada, аbo bіg na mіstsі"
The name of the musical instrument resembles the word "hump"
Type the name of any instrument like the word "arpeggio"
The story of the American writer Truman Capote "Lisov ..."
The greatest woman's music. tool.
Elder "sister" liri
Standing "gusli"
String instrument.
The guitar has 7 strings, and it has 47
Standing gusli
. "Nude." piano, sho becoming dibki
Bagato-stringed plucked instrument
The greatest woman's music. tool.
Mishanina z words "headlight"
. "Nude" piano vertically
The greatest woman's music. tool
. "nudity." piano, sho becoming dibki
Mishanina with the words "headlight"
Anagram for headlight
