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Creativity of poets-decembrists. Subjects and artistic originality of K.F. Rilyev's lyrics

"Eugene Onegin" is like a novel among the verses. Features of the genre and composition

“Whether to occupy mine, I’m Pushkin, having broken down the creation of a cross-cut, unhappy and boring hero, a life of joy and joy, a right-handed hero of the hour, infected with the “sickness of the century” - boredom. Ale, one hour, the author is not just showing characteristic rice nudgi, you want to find out about її dzherelo, so the stars look like. Rozumiyuchi, that the genre of romanticism conveys the static character of the hero, Pushkin surmises its reproach to the novel - the genre, in which one can show the dynamics of the development of the character of the hero.

Pushkin will be the composition of a "free novel", for some - to post an author who organizes a party like with heroes, and with readers. The novel of spellings in the form of the author's conversation with the reader, there is a feeling of anger that one can not write in the eyes of the reader, the rest of the uninterrupted participant in the reader.

The genre of "Eugene Onegin" is a novel at the top - conveying the presence of two artistic cobs - lyrical and epic. First, it is connected with the light of the author, and with special experiences and manifests itself in lyrical voices; The other conveys the objectivity of rozpovidi and the aspect of the author, which are described in the novel, and is a world of epic heroes.

A prose novel has a smut - a hero and those who are familiar with him. On the created creation, the compositional haircut is the form itself and the image of the author. In “Evgeniy Onegina”, like in novels in verses, there are new constructive principles of prose (deformation of the sound of the roll of the meaning) and poetry (deformation of the meaning of the roll of the sound).

The virshovana form signified in "Yevgeniy Onegіnі" both the composition and the peculiarity of the plot. A special kind of stanza - Onegin's stanza - was found by Pushkin especially for his work. Vaughn is three times modified by the structure of the sonnet: fourteen rows of a chotyristopic iambic with a singing rhyme scheme. In the first quatrain (quatrain) the rhyme is crossed, in the other it is a pair, and in the third it is operative. Schematically, it looks like this: AbAb CCdd EffE gg (great letters denote the woman of Rome, so the voice falls on the front warehouse of words that they rhyme, and malimi - the person, when the voice falls on the remaining warehouse of words that rhyme).

Speaking about the composition of creation, it is important to note two points. First, it is symmetrical (the center of the її is Auntie's dream at the fifth branch), but in a different way, it is closed (the day began in the spring of 1820 in St. Petersburg and ended there in five years). The novel has two plot lines - a line of friendship and a love line, moreover, a mirror-like one: in the third chapter of Tetyana, write to Onegin a leaf and a mind, which is almost not mutual, and in the eighth chapter, the stench changes roles.

Also, for the understanding of the composition, important landscape painting, for the help of which the author helps the reader to better understand the essence of the experience of his heroes and reinforce the peculiarities of their characters. For example, the contrast between Oneginim and Tetyana's aspect can be seen on the example of the setting of heroes to a strong nature.

Particular respect deserves the attention to the composition of the novel.

The share of that Pushkin was prepared by the zustrіch of two heroes. Moreover, it immediately became clear to Auntie that Onegin was the very same person. It is impossible not to remember that the characters of the episodes in the novel are repeated by the girls, but not by the “mirror image”. From one side, the following storyline is tied to the hero - Oneginim, and from the other side - to the heroine - Tetyana.

Let's try it together:

two leaves

Chronology:

On the back of Tetyana write a letter of confession to Onegin, then we follow the scene of explanation in the garden, de hero reads the description of the girl.

Let's remember Tetyana's birthday, the duel with Lensky and the sight of Onegin. Tetyana is very worried about everything that was trapilos, going to Maytok to Onegin, if you want there, in the middle of the speeches of those books, to know the answer to food, who is the hero of this novel. Stan її zdorov'ya becomes all the hirshim and hirshim. Worried mother took Tetyan to Moscow, de vida її zamіzh.

Onegin, who, having turned from the road, vivaciously at the ball, greets Tetyan and, still not knowing what she is, appearing “fights” of її majesty and beauty. Now it’s time to suffer, don’t sleep at night and write a letter of guilt, following the explanations of the heroes, and the axis is already given by Tetyana to Onegin.

Two explanations

The enlightenment of the gromadyansky, social, and Russian romanticism without intermediary with the creation of the Poryatunk Union (1816–1817), the Welfare Union (1818–1821), Pivnichny and Pivdenny taєmnih comrades (1823–1825). At the documents of these comrades, there were political changes, that they were standing, zokrem, red writing. So, the Union of Welfare, in an offensive manner, formulating its own order in the gallery of mysticism and literature: “Vishukati, make it possible for the subtle mystics to give direct direct, which is not pampered by pampering sensibilities, but by appreciating our moral values.” In general, the Decembrists introduced the service role of literature and considered it as a way of agitation and propaganda of their views. Tse, however, did not mean that the stinks did not give respect to the quality of literary production, or that all stinks had the same literary relish and passion. Some of them took romanticism, others took it for granted. In a different way, the Decembrists and romanticism itself understood: some took the lessons of the “school of harmonic accuracy”, others misunderstood. Among those, appointed by Yu.N. Tinyanovim, boules of "archaism" - adherents of the traditional high-profile lyric poetry of the XVIII century, looking at the literary language of Shishkov, those "innovators", as if they had acquired the stylistic ambush of the poetic language of Zhukovsky and Batyushkov. P.A. Katenin, V.K. Kuchelbecker, to "innovators" - A.A. Bestuzhev (Marlinsky), K.F. Rileev, A.I. Odoevskiy and in. Rіznomanіtnіst lіteraturnih smakіv i obdaruvan, іnteres to rіznih those genres i styles not zavazhaє vidіliti zagalnі tendentsії dekabristskogo Romanticism yaky Nadab lady Gromadyanska, chi sotsіalnomu, techії in rosіyskomu romantizmі pid hour rozkvіtu dekabristskogo Ruhu, t. E. To 182 Zavdannya dekabristskoї lіteraturi polyagali in that, schob wihovuvaty hromadyanski pochutya that look chitachіv. To whom all is signified її links from the traditions of the XVIII century, from the era of Enlightenment. From the positions of the Decembrists, almost people sway over a narrow, friendly, family stake (like, for example, V. Zhukovsky, Do. Batyushkov), ale in suspensory teren, on civil, historical butts. Tse zmusilo Decembrists for the writers of the first years of the 19th century. (for example, V. Popugaevim, who wrote the articles “About the need for historical knowledge for suspense education”, “About history as a subject of political education”, etc.) turn back to national history. The historical past of various peoples (Russia, Ukraine, Levonia, Greece, both modern and ancient, ancient Rome, old Judea and other. ) ) is most often the object of the image in the creativity of the Decembrists. The deyaks of the period of Russian history, from the positions of the Decembrists, are the key ones - they clearly showed the parallels of the Russian national self-confidence. One of these periods is the formation, and then the tragic death of the ancient republics of Novgorod and Pskov (the historical balady of O. Odoevsky “Posli Pskov”, “Zosima”, “The old prophetess”, the story of A. Bestuzhev “Roman that Olga” and in. ). The Vichy republics were presented to the Decembrists as a vision of the gromadian order, a peaceful form of life of the Russian society. The history of the republics of Novgorod and Pskov was contrasted by the Decembrists with the history of Moscow, as they emphasized the despotic tsarist rule (for example, the story “Roman and Olga” will be shown in this story). In the history of the Time of Troubles (XVIII century), the Decembrists knew to confirm their thoughts about those who, without clear moral and civil guidelines at the folding, the transitional hour cannot be human specialty (A. Bestuzhev's story "Zradnik", V. Kuchelbecker's drama " ambiguously assessed in the Decembrist (as in the offensive) literature, the peculiarity of Peter and the era of Peter's transformations. Voinarovsky”, from one side, according to A. Kornilovich’s articles “Prayer for God, and the service does not disappear for the king”, “Early evening of the wise”; “Nori of the Russians for Peter I” (“About the private life of Emperor Peter I”, “About the honor of the Russian court for Peter I”, “About the first balls in Russia”, “About the private life of Russians for Peter I”) - from іnshoy. The Decembrists were especially interested in directing to such historical figures of Ukraine as Bohdan Khmelnytsky, Mazepa, Voynarovsky and others. The history of the Lebanese powers became the subject of depiction in the historical stories of the Decembrists: in the cycle of "castle stories" by A. Bestuzhev ("Castle Eysen", "Castle Wenden" (1821), "Castle Neuhausen", "Reval Tournament" (1824), .Bestuzhev "Hugo von Bracht" (1823) and in.). Original artistic historicism of the Decembrist literature. The task of a hulk artist is to “strike the spirit of the hour and the recognition of the century” (K. Rilєєv). From the positions of the Decembrists, "the spirit of that hour of recognition of the century" is similar to rich peoples in different historical periods. Dramatic is the struggle of the tyrant-fighters against tyranny, able to live on the basis of firm and reasonable laws to establish different historical epochs. Historical themes gave the opportunity to show the active character of the hero of the Decembrist literature, to create historical works, instilled in various genres (lyrical, epic, dramatic), the widest in creativity. The genre-species range of the works of the Decembrists is superbly wide. The creative writers of the Decembrists knew the genres of lyric (in the form of elegiac, friendly messenger to ode), lyroepichni (in the form of balady, thought to the lyrical sing), epic (in the form of tales, parables to the story), dramatic (in the form of comedy to other stories). The Decembrists put on a show of national self-sufficiency in literature, about the creation of national self-sufficient forms. A. Bestuzhev at the article “A Look at Russian Literature in 1824 and on the Cob of 1825 Years” wrote: “We drank the lack of people with milk and sighed only to someone else’s. Let's create our own with the veleten world of other people's geniuses, it's a beastly thing for us to run our own little thing, and I don't feel like it, don't play with people's pride, replace that, to wake up the fire of doing those that we don't have, try to belittle them. It is important to know new, original, smut, nationally original forms for Russian literature, growing national self-confidence, and genre searches of the Decembrists. For example, the appearance of ballads by V.A. Zhukovsky was an important success in Russian literature. The Decembrists adopted the balads of Zhukovsky as a genre stylization, transferring ready-made speeches, as if translating from English, German and other languages. The scribes could not be satisfied, who abandoned the national self-sufficient literature. The Decembrist ballad (P. Katenin, O. Odoevskiy, V. Küchelbecker) was svydomo oriented to those Russian, often historical life, the national hero, the imagery and style of folklore, works of old Russian literature. In the 1820s, K. Rilєєv began to master the genre of duma, which was close to balady, but was independent, vishіdnoyu to Ukrainian and Polish literature in an artistic form. An important side of the stylistic manner of the Decembrists was the creation of slav-signals. The word-signal is a chain poetic sign, from which it is established to be understood between the writer and the reader: the writer gives the reader a signal about the indirect meaning of this word, for the one who has the word inculcated by him in a special civil and political sense. This is how the Decembrists create their own poetic lexicon, their own style of imagery, that they can sing a whole lot of songs and a lot of associations. For example, the words high (“Rabbi, sho wail kaidans, High songs do not sing!”), saints (“Holy to the fatherland of love”), sacred (“Sacred bindings in front of you ...”) pochutya, ale earlier than all else, domineering huge patriot, and є synonyms of the word civil. The word slov'yanin calls out the association about the heroic valor and the willfulness of the ancestors. The Decembrists often call themselves, opposing them to the moderns ("reborn words"), as if they forgot about the bulky shoeing. The words slave, lancers, dagger, tyrant, the law of that іn were reminiscent of a civil zmіst. Significant for the Decembrists were the names of Kasiya, Brutus (the Roman political devils, who choked the republican zmov against Caesar), Cato (the Roman republican, who put his hands on himself after the establishment of the dictatorship of Caesar) Рієгі (the leader of the Spanish revolution). Panina (Russian sovereign fiend, who tried to encircle the power of Catherine the Great), N.S. Mordvinov (a member of the Sovereign, for the sake of it, having respected that the power of the tsar can be surrounded by a constitution) and the Way of the national development of literature, the Decembrists were trying to turn back to the Russian chi zagalnoslovskih plots, hanging in them a sharp conflict in the situation, to show your best patriotic-patriotic qualities and volitional feel like a positive hero, that husband is especially active. With whom the Decembrists tried to create an updated system of genres, with those “middle” (elegies, messengers, baladi, thoughts, sing) and navit “low” (“subdued” and other songs) genres were filled with a high, significant zmіst, and “temporal” the genres would be spiritualized, we would live in a special, intimate way (the signs of understanding such a closeness - “cheerful shelter”, “freedom falls until freedom”, “joyful hour of freedom”, “I will receive the glory of writing freedom”). In such a rite, the Decembrists destroyed the genre ideas and fused the transition to the idea with styles. To get at that point, as if subjectively stinks of romanticism (Katenin), all the same, they objectively acted as right romantics, having voted for the ideas of nationality, historicism (in that case, without rising to the right historicism), freedom of particularity.

The poetry of K.F. Rileeva

One of the most beautiful poets-Decembrists of the younger generation was Kіndratіy Fedorovich Rilєev. His creative life was not long - from the first academic achievements of 1817–1819. to the rest of the verse (ear of 1826), written in the Peter and Paul Fortress. Widespread popularity came before the publication of the ode-satire “Before the ruler of Timchas” (1820), as the bula was written in a traditional spirit, but was amused by a smiley zmist. On the back in the poetry of Rilєєva, in parallel, spіvіsnuyu vіrshі different genres and styles – one and the same elegy. The “rules” of the same pіїtik are heavy on Rilєєvim. Gromadyanskaya and those special officers still do not hesitate, wanting an ode, for example, to build a new order. The theme is not the glorification of the monarch, not the hero of the war, as it was in the lyric of the 18th century, but the traditional community service. The peculiarity of the lyric of Rilєєva in that which is not only the decadent traditional gromadyanskaya poetry of the past century, but also gained access to the new, romantic poetry of Zhukovsky and Batyushkov, the poetic style of Zhukovsky, victorious themselves Step by step, however, the bulky and intimate strum in the poet's lyric begins to change: elegiac messages include civil motives, and ode and satire are intercepted by special moods. Genres and styles begin to change. Otherwise, in the civil, social, and Russian romanticism, the processes themselves appear, like in the psychological flow. Hero of the elegy, message (genre, as traditionally associated with the description of intimate experiences) is enriched with rice community people(“V.N. Stolipina”, “On the death of Byron”). Gromadyanskie predilections evoke the vigor of living special emotions. So the genre partitions collapse, and the genre ideas know the meaning of shkodi. What is the trend of the entire population of the Russian romanticism. Typically, for example, verse Rilєєva "I will be at the fatal hour ...". From one side, in the new obvious drawing of odi and satire - high vocabulary (“fatal hour”, “great man dignity”), significant suffixed to the names of heroes of old and fortune (Brutus, Riego), contemptuously vikrivalnі virazi (“lowering of the tribe ”), oratorical, declamatory intonation, granted for sleep, for public speech, sent to the audience; for the rest - confuse the elegiac thought with the drive of the fact that the younger generation does not enter the civil field. Dumi . Z 1821 p. Riliev's creativity begins to develop a new genre for Russian literature - thoughts, lyrical creations, similar to balady, based on real historical podias, retellings, relief, prote, fantasy. Rilєєv especially turned the respect of his readers to those who think - the vinaigrette of the words of the Jansk poetry, which, like a folklore genre, was founded long ago in Ukraine and Poland. At the head of his “Dumi” collection, he wrote: “The Duma is an old-fashioned spadshchina in the wake of our brothers, our Russian, native winemaker. The Poles took over її from us. More Ukrainians still sing thoughts about their heroes: Doroshenko, Nechay, Sagaydachny, Paley, and Mazepa himself is attributed to one of them. On the cob of the XIX century. the whole genre of folk poetry has become wider in literature. Yogo vvіv in the Polish literature is sung by Nemtsevich, for whom Rilєєv was sent in your very first move. Prote yak folklore, having become a single tradition, which injected the literary genre of thought. At the thought, you can distinguish between signs of meditative and historical (epic) elegy, ode, hymn and other. . Podіbnіst to elegiї bachiled at the works of Rilєєva a lot of yogo fellows. So, Belinsky wrote that “the thought is a trinity of historical honor, it’s just a song of historical zmist. Thought may be the same, what an epic elegy. Critic P.A. Pletnov named the new genre as "a lyrical justification for the future". Historical podії comprehended by Rilєєva's thoughts in a lyrical vein: he sings on the reflections of the inner state of historical specialness, as a rule, at the culminating moment of life. The compositional thought is subdivided into parts - zhittepis into a moral lesson, which sings out of this zhittipis. The thought has two cobs - epic and lyrical, hagiographic and agitational. In that number, the smut is lyrical, agitational, and zhittєpis (hagiography) plays an important role. May all thoughts, as if having appointed Pushkin, will follow one plan: a landscape is given at the beginning, a historical one, which is ready for the appearance of a hero; then, with the help of the portrait, the hero is brought up, and the speech is immediately raised; from her stand in the home of the history of the hero and the lower yogo spiritual camp; gave a lesson-a deep lesson. Although the composition of rich thoughts is the same, Pushkin, having called Rilyev a “planner”, may take into account the rationality and weakness of the artistic winemaking. Like Pushkin's thought, all thoughts resemble the German word dumm (bad). At the head of Rilєva it was necessary to give a wide panorama of historical life and create monumental images of historical heroes, and sing virishuvav її in a subjective-psychological, lyrical plan. Meta yogo - destroy the patriotism and willfulness of the accomplices with a high heroic butt. A reliable depiction of the history and the life of the heroes had a different plan. To tell about the life of the hero, Rilєєv turned to the advent of the mov gromadyanskaya poetry XVIII - cob XIX v., and the transfers of the hero’s feelings are up to the poetic style of Zhukovsky (div., for example, at the thought “Natalia Dolgorukaya”: “The share of the wind gave me. Let’s frown at my vignanny ...”, “I soul, with a tight grip, Mimovoli shed malt”)) . Psychologically, the camp of heroes, especially in portraits, may be the same: the hero of the images is not otherwise, as if from a thought on a choli, in the same poses and gestures. The heroes of Rilєva are most likely to sit, and if you bring them to the stratum, they stink to sit. The situation, where the hero is known, is a dungeon or a dungeon. Oskelki sings at the thought of reflecting historical peculiarities, he was faced with the problem of instilling a national-historical character - one of the central ones in romanticism, and in literature at that time ignited. Subjectively, Rilєєv zovsіm not going to work on the accuracy of historical facts and “correct” the spirit of history. More than that, I was guilty of ignoring the historical truth and relying on Karamzin's "History of the Russian State". For the historical controversy of the wines, having obtained the historian P.M. Stroeva, who wrote most of the comments before thinking. And all the same, Riliev didn’t mind that he had a good look at history, that he was peculiar, even hateful, romantic-Decembrist anti-historicism. Genre thought and understanding about the romantic historicism of the Decembrists . Like a romantic, Riliev placed at the center of national history the peculiarity of the patriot's will. History, in my opinion, is the struggle of free-loving people with tyrants. The conflict between the adherents of freedom and despots (tyrants) is the driving force of history. Forces, like taking a part in the conflict, do not know and do not change. Rileys and Decembrists are not suitable for Karamzinim, a kind of stverzhuvav, after a hundred years have passed, pishovshi s istorii, never turn in the same forms. Yakby ce bulo so, the Decembrists and Rileevs sang in the same number, then the bells of hours broke apart, and patriotism and free-spiritedness did not winkle anew, for the stench would have consumed the batkivsky ґrunt. In the wake of this willfulness and patriotism, as if it were not less powerful, for example, XII and XIX centuries, but nevertheless. A historical person, whether of the past century, is equal to the Decembrist for her thoughts and feelings (Princess Olga thinks in a Decembrist way, rozmirkovuchi about the "injustice of power", the wars of Dimitriy Donskoy, burn the bajans, fight "for freedom, truth and human law", Volynsky - Gromyansky ). It’s clear that, based on the truth of history, it’s historically accurate, Riliev, independently of special minds, destroying the historical truth. Historical heroes were thought by Decembrist concepts and categories: patriotism and willfulness of the heroes and the author did not care about anything. And it means that you’ve been trying to build up your heroes at once like that, like the stinks of the boules in history, and their co-conspirators, setting them in front of them super-chlivi and, then, unimaginable tasks. Rilєєvsky anti-historicism vyklikav rіshuche zaperechennya Pushkin. From the drive of the anachronism admitted by the Decembrist poet (at the thought “Oleg Vishchiy” the hero Rilєva hung his shield with the coat of arms of Russia on the gates of Tsargorod) Pushkin, pointing to a historical pardon, writing: it means that he conquered the empire on Zakhidna and Skhidna ... ". Pushkin is kindly sensible Riliev, who wants to recognize Oleg's patriotism, but without breaking through the damage to historical authenticity. In this manner, the thoughts did not have an artistic national-historical character. Rilyev's protege was like a poet, and it's direct for him: in the thoughts of "Ivan Susanin" and "Peter the Great in Ostrogozka" the epic moment was markedly enhanced. He sings, having perfected the transfer of the national color, increasing the accuracy in the description of the situation (“what is hanging in the window” and other details), becoming a better warehouse. I Pushkin immediately recognized the collapse in the poetry of Riliev, having marked the thoughts “Ivan Susanin”, “Peter the Great in Ostrogozka” and therefore “Voinarovsky”, in a kind of wine, in the galusi vіrshovanoї rozpovidі.

Poema "Voynarovsky". Poema is one of the most popular genres in romanticism, the zocrema of the gromadyansky, chi social.

Riliev's poem "Voynarovsky" (1825) was written in the spirit of Byron's and Pushkin's romantic poems. At the heart of romanticism is to lie the parallelism of pictures of nature, turbulent and pacified, that experience of the hero-hero, the guilt of some kind of self-confidence. The poem developed through the lances of episodes and monologue promos of the hero. The role of female characters against heroes has been weakened forever. The attendees pointed out that the characteristics of the characters and the deacons of the episode were similar to the characteristics of the characters and scenes from Byron's singing "Gyaur", "Mazepa", "Corsair" and "Parisina". Undoubtedly, so is the appearance of Pushkin’s Rileyvim sing “Caucasian Fight” and “The Fountain of Bakhchisarai”, written much earlier. Rilєєva's poem has become one of the brightest sides in the development of the genre. This is explained by kіlkom furnishing. First, the love plot, so important for a romantic sing, is moved to another plane and muffled to the point. A love colisma among the poets of the day: there are no everyday conflicts between the heroes and yogo kohanoy. The squad of Voinarovsky voluntarily went for a man to be sent. In a different way, the poem looked exactly at the reports on the paintings of the Siberian landscape and the Siberian landscape, exposing the Russian reader to the richness of the natural and natural way of life. Rilєєv is happy with the Decembrist V.I. Steingel about the objectivity of painted paintings. At once about those Suvora of the Siberian nature of life and strangers of the Vignannikovs: the stench gave rise to this rebellious spirit (“Let me hear the roar of the forest, It was my wrath, the storm of the weather, and the splashing of the trees”). The hero of the buv without intermediary spіvvіdneseniya z disputed with yogi moods of the natural element and joining her at the folding stosunki. Thirdly, and most importantly: the originality of the riliїvskoi poem počaє have an unimaginable motivated vignannja. In a romantic poem, the hero's motivation, as a rule, is devoid of double, not clear, but mysterious. At Siberia, Voynarovsky appeared not from the will of the sovereign, not through rozcharuvannya and not in the role of a swindler of goodies. Vіn is a political slander, that її rebuking from Siberia has an emotional character, which is characterized by the surroundings of his tragic life. For the exact reasons assigned, vygnannya is the innovation of Riljeva. Tse instantly concretized that sounded motivated romantic vіchuzhennya. Nareshti, in a fourth way, the plot is connected with historical podias. Mav namir sings the scale and drama of the special characters of the heroes - Mazepa, Voinarovsky and її squads, їhnє volition and patriotism. Like a romantic hero, Voynarovsky duality: he is a tyrant-fighter, a kind of pragne of national independence, and a warrior of fate (“I am so denounced by a cruel fate”). The poem showed in the process of evolution the weight to epicness, the genre of poetry in the verses, which was observed in the opposite style of the poem "Voynarovskiy". Iogo commemorated and praised Pushkin, especially praising Riliev for the "expansion at the warehouse." Pushkin pobachiv at tsimu vіdhіd Rilєєva vіd subjective-lyrical manner of writing. At the romantic poems, sing, panuvav a single lyrical tone, they were fed by the author's lyrics and represented an independent interest for the author. Rilєєv breaking the tradition and at the same time having adopted the creation of high-rise and stylistic forms for an objective image. His poetic whispers inspired Pushkin's thoughts and the need for the development of Russian literature.

History of creation. "Evgeniy Onegin", the first Russian realistic novel, is the most important work of Pushkin, as it may cherish the history of creation, which cherishes a few periods of the poet's creativity. For Pushkin himself, the robot worked on the novel for 7 years, 4 months, 17 days - from May 1823 to 26 Spring 1830, and in 1831 it was written “The Leaf of Onegin to Tetyan”. The publication of the work was carried out in the world of yogo creation: on the cob, there were okremі chapters, and only in 1833 it was the first to be seen. Right up to this hour, Pushkin did not hesitate to make corrections to the text.Roman buv, behind the words of the poet, "shoulders the mind of the cold guards and the hearts of the sumptuous."

Completing the work on the rest of the novel in 1830, Pushkin threw in a rough plan, which looks like this:

Part of persha. Peredmova. 1st song. Khandra (Kishiniv, Odessa, 1823); 2nd song. Sings (Odesa, 1824); 3rd song. Pannochka (Odessa, Mikhailivske, 1824).

Part of a friend. 4th song. Village (Mikhailivske, 1825); 5th song. Name day (Mikhailivske, 1825, 1826); 6th song. Duel (Mikhailivske, 1826).

Part three. 7th song. Moscow (Mikhailivske, St. Petersburg, 1827, 1828); 8th song. Mandruvannya (Moscow, Pavlovsk, Boldino, 1829); 9th song. Great light (Boldino, 1830).

In the remaining version, Pushkin had a chance to introduce several corrections into the plan: he included the 8th chapter - “Mandruvannya” - from the censorship marks of the wines. Now it is being published as an addendum to the novel - "The tricks from expensive Onegin", and the final chapter 9 - "The Great Light" - became, obviously, the eighth. With such a look in 1833, the novel of viishov in the light of the world has seen.

In addition, there is an admission about the foundation of the 10th chapter, as a bula was written in the Boldin autumn of 1830, but on the 19th the poet was burned , the shards of the bula were dedicated to the image of the era of the Napoleonic wars and the birth of Decembrism and avenged the low unsafe political tensions. Insignificant fragments of this division (16 stanzas) were saved, encrypted by Pushkin. The key to the cipher was found only on the cob of the XX century by a Pushkinist PZ. Morozov, and other investigators added deciphering the text. Ale dosi not vschuhayut superechki about the rightness of firmness, that these fragments are effectively a part of the 10th chapter of the novel, which was not saved.

Just the genre. "Eugene Onegin" is the first Russian realistic socio-psychological novel, moreover, it is not a prose novel, but a novel by the verses. For Pushkin, it is important to create an hour for the creation of an artistic method - not romantic, but realistic.

Starting the work on the novel under the hour of a new message, like the poet's creativity pans romanticism, Pushkin's nevdovzі reconcile with him, because the peculiarities of the romantic method do not allow virishiti to set the task. Wanting to sing in the genre vіdnoshenі sings sing the world orient on the romantic poem of Byron's "Don Giovanni", vin tsuraєtsya one-sidedness of the romantic look.

Pushkin wanted to show in his novel to a young man, typical for his hour, on a wide aphrodisiac picture of his daily life, to reveal the turns of creating characters, to show their inner logic and interrelationship with minds, to drink like a stench. All this has led to the creation of true typical characters, as if they show themselves in typical environments, which inspire the very realistic creation.

I give you the right to call "Evgeniya Onegin" a social novel, to that in the new Pushkin he shows the noble Russia of the 20s of the 19th century, destroying the most important problems of the era and explaining different social phenomena. It is not easy to sing about the life of a simple nobleman; vin nadіlyaє hero yaskravim and at the same time a typical character for secular suspіlstva, explaining the inclination of yoga apathy and nudga, causing yogo vchinkіv. At each foot, the floorings are laid out in detail and diligently inscribed to the material background, so “Eugene Onegina” can be called a socially-button novel.

It is important for his own people that Pushkin gives a respectful analysis how to set up the life of heroes, and the inner world. On the rich sides of the wines, there is reach for the supra-lingual psychological mastery, which gives the possibility of a greater understanding of these characters. The axis of which "Eugene Onegin" can be rightfully called a psychological novel.

Yogo hero is changing under the influx of life reasons and becomes building on real, serious feelings. And let’s be happy to bypass yoga, so often I’m in real life, I’m still in love, I’m worried - the axis of which the image of Onegin (not a mentally romantic, but a right, living hero) so impressed Pushkin’s co-workers. Many people in their acquaintances knew yoga, like drawings of other characters in the novel - Tetyana, Lensky, Olga - the flooring was a representation of typical people of that era.

At that very hour, “Eugenia Onegina” has the first drawing of a love story with a love plot traditional for that hour. A hero who is tired of the light, where to rise in price, to get to know the girl, who will suffocate in a new one. For some reason, the hero can’t love - everything will end tragically, otherwise it will end up mutually, and if you want to give him a little love at once, everything will end well. Tsikavo, that Pushkin allows such a story of a romantic sight and gives a better solution. Irrespective of all changes, as if they were in the lives of heroes and brought to mutual guilt, the stench through the furnishing cannot opine at once and rage apart. In this way, the plot of the novel hopes for obvious realism.

Ale, the innovation of the novel is inspired by the yoga of realism. More on the cob of work from the new Pushkin at the leaf of P.A. Vyazemsky, signifying: "Now I am not writing a novel, but a novel at the top - diabolical rіznitsya." The novel is like an epichne tvir, conveying the author's understanding of the descriptions of the subtypes and the objectivity of that assessment; vіrshovana well form poslyuє lyrical cob, scho s special author. The axis of why "Eugene Onegina" is accepted as a lyric-epic work, in which there are singularities, powerful epos and lyricism. True, the novel "Evgeniy Onegin" has two mystetsky layers, two worlds - the world of "epic" heroes (Onegin, Tetyany, Lensky and other characters) and the world of the author, the reflections of the lyrical voices.

Roman Pushkin writings Onegin stanza , the sonnet was put at the basis of what was bulo. Ale 14-row chotiristopny Pushkin iambic mav іnshu rhyme scheme.abab vvgg deed lj :

"My uncle has the best rules,
If you are not ill,
Vіn shanuvat yourself zmusiv
I don't know better than a moment.
Yogo butt іnhim science;
Ale, my God, yak nudga
We are sick of sitting and day and night,
Do not come out and get out!
Yaka low accessibility
Drinking the living baviti,
Fix youmu pillows,
Summarily bring faces,
Zitkhati and think to yourself:
When the devil take you?

Composition of the novel. The main technique of the inspired novel is mirror symmetry (or Kiltsev composition). By way of expression, the heroes change the positions that they take from the novel. On the back of Tetyana and Eugen are stunned, Tetyana suffocates in the new, suffers through undivided cohannia, the author spying on her thoughts and accompanying her heroines. Under the hour of the sermon, Onegin reads the sermon. Then we see a duel between Oneginim and Lensky - a podia, a compositional roll, which is the development of a special plot line and the development of a love intrigue. When Tetyana and Onegin are heard in St. Petersburg, the wines are relied upon in її mistsі, and all the subdivisions are repeated in the same sequence, only the author is instructed by Oneginim. This is the name of the Kіltsev composition that allows us to turn around in the past and create a reaction to the novel like a harmonious, complete whole.

Also, the essence of the composition is the presence lyrical openings at the novel. With this help, the image of a lyrical hero is being created, in order to make the novel lyrical.

Heroes of the novel . The main hero, in the name of which the novel is named, - Eugene Onegin. On the cob of the novel youmu 18 years. This is a young Moscow aristocrat, who has won his own secular victory. Onegin was born into a wealthy, ale-ruined noble family. Yogo childishness passed from the vіdrivі vіd usogo rosіyskogo, natsіonalnogo. Yogo vihovuvav French tutor, yaki,

So that the child is not tormented,
Vchiv yogo everything is hot,
Without bothering strict morality,
Light for barking bark
I took a stroll in the Summer Garden.”

In this rank, the vihovannya that illumination of Onegin were finished off superficially.
Ale Pushkin's hero, nevertheless, having taken away that minimum of knowledge, as if he had become obsessed with the noble middle. Vіn “knowing to finish in Latin, to sort out the epigraphs”, remembering “the days of the past anecdotes about Romulus Donina”, maw the statement about the polyteconomy of Adam Smith. In the eyes of the conscience of wine, he was a brilliant representative of the youth of his hour, and all the same, all the same, without a hitch of French language, refined manners, warmness and mysticism to support Rozmov. Vіn vіv is a typical way of life for young people at that time: watching balls, theaters, restaurants. Wealth, prosperity, happiness of life, success in the light and in women - the axis that added the main character of the novel.
ale secular rozvagi Terribly nabridli Onegin, who is already "long gone among the fashionable and old-fashioned halls." You are bored both at balls and in the theatre: "... Having turned back, having sighed, and moving: "It's time to change; ballets I have been patient for a long time, ale and Dіdlo me nabrid "". It’s not surprising at all - in the life of the hero, the novel went on for about eight years. Ale vin buv sensible and standing significantly higher for the typical representatives of the secular society. To that hour Onegin saw the journey to an empty empty life. "Sharp, chilling mind" and cross-satisfaction made Onegin grow ill, "Russian boredom blew him away."
"languish with an empty soul," the young man who fell into depression. Vіn mаgaєtsya shukati sens zhіttya be-yakіy activity. With the first such test, the bula was a literary robot, but “nothing came from Yogo’s pen,” the vihovannya system did not teach Yogo pratsyuvati (“practice is easy for Yomu bula is boring”). Onegin "reading, reading, but all to no avail." On what, it's true, our hero does not sing. Have one more test of practical activity at your own mother's vine: replace the panshchina (obov'yazkovu work on the landowner's field) for quitrent (a penny tribute). As a result, the life of kripakiv becomes more easy. Ale, having made one reform, and that kind of tedium, "to spend only an hour," Onegin again gets bogged down in tedium. Tse give V. G. Belinsky to write: “Idleness and vulgarity of life to strangle Yogo, you don’t know what you need, what you want, but you better know what you don’t need, what you don’t want with which the middle-class is so pleased, so happy is the self-righteousness.”
At once about those, Bachimo, that Onegin was someone else's zaboboniv light. Їх it is possible to bolo podolat only with a dotik to a real life. Pushkin demonstrates in the novel against the mystical behavior of Onegin, the struggle between the “old” and “new” in his light, setting him apart from other heroes of the novel: Lensky and Tetyana, sharing their shares.
The folding and super-fluid character of Pushkin's hero is especially clearly revealed by Yogo Stosunka from Tetyana, the daughter of the provincial helper Larin.
At the new land, the maiden succumbed to that ideal, which for a long time had already been known under the infusion of books. The tedious, disappointing nobleman is a romantic hero, not like other helpers. "The whole inner world of Aunty fell down at the right kohannya," - V. G. Belinsky writes about the camp of the maiden, given to their secret dreams for whole days:

For a long time її wilting,
Burning with her and tight,
Alkalo їzhi fatal;
For a long time heart yearning
It squeezed my young chest;
The soul checked ... someone
I checked... My eyes were cleared;
Vaughn said: tse vin!

At the soul of Onegin, everything was more beautiful, purer, brighter:

Me your breadth is sweet,
Vaughn brought praise
They've been locked up for a long time.

But Eugene Onegin does not accept Tetyany's kohanna, explaining to them that wine is "not created for bliss", that is for family life. Baiduzhіst to life, passivnіst, "bazhannya calm", inner emptiness strangled the widths a little. Yogo will be punished by the god for his pardon of self-sufficiency.
Pushkin's hero has such a quality, like "the soul is straight nobility." Vin is widely attached to Lensky. Onegin and Lensky were seen from their midst with high intellect and animal standards to the prose sussidiv-helpers. However, the stench of the boules were people of different character. One was a cold, disappointing skeptic, the other was a suffocated romantic, an idealist.

Go away.
Fuck that stone
Vershi that prose, lead that half-moon...

Onegin set out not to love people, not to believe in their kindness and to destroy a friend himself, driving him in a duel.
In the image of Onegin, Oleksandr Sergiyovich Pushkin truthfully portrayed a sensible nobleman, who would stand more for the secular society, but could not dream in life. Live, like other nobles, if you don't want to, life is otherwise impossible. To that rozcharuvannya, that tightness becomes yogo's constant companions.
A. S. Pushkin is critically placed before his hero. Vіn bachit and famously, and the fault of Onegin. He sings like his own hero, and the soul, like molded such people. Onegina cannot be blamed among the noble youth, a typical character for the 20s of the 19th century.

Tetyana Larina - The heroine of Pushkin is in love - she is the type of Russian woman of the Pushkin era. It is not for nothing that among the prototypes of the heroine the squads of the Decembrists M. Volkonsky, N. Fonvizin.
Sam chose the name "Tetyana", not clarified by the literary tradition, po'yazaniy іz "the old girl's guess". Pushkin reinforces the self-sufficiency of his heroine as a choice of name, and as a marvelous place for his relatives: “They have their own relatives.
Two verses were added to the molding of Auntie's character: a book, bound with French love stories, that folk-national tradition. “Ruska with the soul” Tetyana loves the sound of “dear old people”, її from the childishness they cry out terrible roses.
It’s too rich to bring this heroine closer to Oneginim: there’s selflessness in the soul - in unsociable; її mrіylivіst i divnіst - yoga samobutnіst. I Onegin, and Tetyana are sharply seen and the anatomy of their middle.
Ale not "young Gulvisa", but Tetyana herself becomes inspired by the author's ideal. The inner life of the heroine is not inspired by secular medicine, but by the infusion of free nature. It was not a governess who wagged Auntie, but a simple Russian villager.
The patriarchal way of life of the “simple Russian family” Larinim is closely connected with the traditional folk rites and zvichai: there are buttermilk, and sing-along songs, and round goydalki.
The poetics of folk witches is inspired by the famous dream of Tetyany. Vin yak bi signifies the share of the girl, vishchuchi and welding of two friends, the death of Lensky, and the swede of the zamіzhzhya.
Endowed with a stick with that soul, Tetyana, at first glance, recognized in Onegin that ideal, which she folded for sentimental novels. Possibly, the girl intuitively realized the similarity between Onegin and herself and realized that the stench of creation was one for one.
Those that Tetyana wrote a love sheet first, are explained by simplicity, trustfulness, unknowing deceit. And Onegin’s reply, in my opinion, not only didn’t cool Tetyana a little, but she made them stronger:
Onegin continues to live at її yavі. If you go out of the village, Tetyana, looking at the pan's hut, vividly observing the presence of your dress, Here everything is guessing about the new one: and forgetting about the billiard cue, "and the steel with the faded lamp, and the pile of books", and Lord Byron's portrait, and the chavunna statue of Napoleon. Reading Onegin's books helps the maiden to understand the inner world of Evgen, to ponder over his true essence: "What is not a parody of wine?"
At the thought of V.G. Belinsky, “Watching Onegin’s house and reading books prepared Tetyana until she was reborn as a rural girl with a secular woman.” I give up, she has ceased to idealize her hero, she has become a little addicted to Onegin, she has lost control of her life without Yevgen.
Nezabarom Tetyanu will be sent to Moscow - "to the naming fairs." And here the author reveals the whole world to us the Russian soul of his heroine: she says goodbye to the “merry nature” and “sweet, quiet light”. The aunts are stuffy in Moscow, they are out in thoughts “until the life of the field”, and “empty light” calls out sharply hostile:
Ale all at the vital loan
Such a bezladna, vulgar nіsenіtnitsa;
Everything in them is so pale, baiduzhe,
It's tedious to make a cold hardening.
Nevipadkovo, having made friends and becoming a princess, Tetyana preserved her naturalness and simplicity, the floorings visibly looked at the women of the world.
Having greeted Tetyanu at the party, Onegin was the enemy of the serpent, what became of her: the deputy of “the girl of the timid, suffocated, vigilant and idle” showed up “baiduzha princess”, “great, nedbala legislator hall”.
Ale vnutrishnyo Tetyana lost such an internally clean and moral, like in her youth. To that very thing, without regard for his feelings in Onegin, he encourages you: “I love you (to be cunning?), but I’m sorry for another; I will be vik youmu virna.”
Such a finale is natural for the logic of Auntie's character. Tsіlіsna for vdacheyu, virna obov'yazku, vyhovana in the traditions of folk morality, Tetyana can not inspire her happiness on the dishonor of a man.
The author appreciates his heroine, he repeatedly proves himself in love to his “sweet ideal”. At the duel, the obov'yazku that is felt, the rose and the predilection of Tetyana otrimu morally win. I want the words of Kuchelbecker to sound paradoxically: “Sings at the 8th branch similar to Tetyana”, some people have a great sense, because the heroine is in love - like the ideal of a woman, and the swedish ideal is human, such, like Pushkin wants yogo bachiti.

The theme of the novel "Eugene Onegin" (1831) is an image of Russian life in the first quarter of the 19th century. V. G. Belinsky called this TV “an encyclopedia of Russian life” (V. G. Belinsky “Create A. Pushkin”, article 9), to that Pushkin in his novel “having smarted up so richly, pushed about so richly, so to lie down to the world of Russian nature, to the world of Russian supremacy” (there, after all). Іdeya "EVGENIYY ONєGINA" - Otsіniti sewn to disgusting suspilly, the type of shortness of young people, it is not possible to know the gdosuvannya Vasivanese, osskіlki Zvichnі for the disgusting Cola Zhittєvі zіlі yogo not to be kept, inherent in the tales. For reasons similar to young people, they are “obliged” to the suspense.

The plot of the novel will be based on the history of the lover of Eugene Onegin and Tetyana Larina. Later, the beginning of the plot will be the first time at the house of Larinikh, where Onygin spends his temper: he wants to marvel at Olga, Lensky's "object of kohanny". Moreover, the very scene of the first starring of the main characters in the novel is not described: about her, turning from the guests home, onegin and Lensky are sung. Z їhnyoї rozmovi zrozіlіl vrazhennya, like Tetyana pointed at the great hero. From the two sisters of the wines I saw Tetyana herself, appreciating the innocence of the її zvnіshny look and Olga's transversity:

There is no life at Olga's borders.
Precisely exactly in the Vandik's Madonna.
Krugla, red faces out... (3, V)

Auntie, at first glance, succumbed to Onegin, from whom she knew from her leaf:

You troch uvіyshov, I recognized it,
All embraced, set on fire
I thought of Movil: axis of wines! (3, XXXI)

The first Zustrich Onegina and Auntie are seen at the third branch. Later, the first two divided the novel and the exposition of the plot, de the author reportedly spoke about the two main characters: about their fathers, relatives, fosterers, their favorite occupations, characters, stars. The culmination of the plot is the explanation of Onegin and Tetyana in the garden, if the hero is guided by the lover of an unimaginable girl, and Tetyana spends all her hopes for happiness. Later, having obtained a wealth of knowledge from the “wichor” of worldly life, the heroine realized that Eugene had treated her nobly, and appreciated her vchinok:

Ale you
I don't call; those terrible years
You did it nobly
You malay the race in front of me. (8, XLIII)

Another culmination is the explanation of the main heroes of Petersburg for the sprat of fate after the first. Now Tetyana, a blissful lady of the world, continuing the love of Onegin, is inspired by half-moon addiction and scandalous proposition, and now Onegin, his black, is spending hope on happiness.

The crime of the main plot line is the story of Onegin's lover and Tetyany - Pushkin develops a secondary plot line - the story of friendship of Onegin and Lensky. There is a twist here: two young blessed noblewomen, leaning against the back of the countryside, greet

Z Oneginim hotiv cordially
Knowledge is shorter than conscience.
The stench hushed up. (2, XIII)

The plot scheme of the history of friendship can be evoked as follows: the climax is Onegin's behavior on Tetyany's birthday (yogo coquetry with Olga), the opening is a duel of friends and the death of Lensky. The rest of the journey will suddenly culminate, to the one that offended Onegin, it starts in life, “shudder” (6, XXXV).

The novel has one more subplot line - the story of Lensky and Olga's kokhanny. The author of this article omits the tie-off, it is less likely to guess what was born in the hearts of young people a long time ago:

Trohi yunak, Olga poloneniya,
I don’t know the heartache yet,
Vіn buv vіdok razchuleniy
Її childish fun ... (2, XXXI)

The culmination in this story is the kokhannya - a ball on Tetyana's birthday, if Olga's character is revealed as a whole: marnoslav, proud, that empty coquette, she is not wise, that she portrays her betrothed with her behavior. The death of Lensky opens up like a storyline of friendship, and a story of his short love.

In view of what has been said above, it became clear that both the main and other plot lines were prompted to finish simply, the composition of the novel itself is superbly foldable.

Analyzing the main storyline, the following designate a sprinkling of features. The first time to finish them is a protracted exposition: there will be two divisions out of eight. How does Pushkin describe the formation of the main characters - Onegin and Tetyany? You can let it go, in order to inculcate both heroes in the mind of the readers, in order to better express the idea of ​​the novel - the image of a sensible, alemarine people, as if they live their lives for nothing.

Another feature - the main storyline is not rozv'azki. Aje after the final boisterous explanation with Oneginim Tetyana go to his own rooms, and the hero is left in the field, arguing with words. And then

Spur raptovy bryazkit prolunav,
The first person Tetyana was born... (8, ХVІІІ)

In this rank, she shaves herself on the following words: a man finds Onegin at the same time in the room of the squad. What can you think? How to turn the plot far? Pushkin does not explain anything, but declares:

I here my hero
In hvilina, evil for the new one,
Reader, we are now overwhelmed,
Forever...forever. (8, XLVIII)

For such a finale, the attendees often complained to the author that they respected the short duration of the singing rozv'azka. In response to Pushkin's criticism of the hot-tempered urovka "My autumnal permit..." (1835):

You say it's fair
It's wonderful, it's unimpressive
The novel does not stop interrupting,
Having given yoga already to the friend,
What is your hero
Yak bi didn’t make friends there,
Take a bite...

From the introduction of rows, it is clear that the decision to interrupt the novel from Pushkin is fully understood. What is it that gives such an unintelligible ending for the understanding of the true creation?

A man, a kinsman and friend of Onegin, having woken up the hero in the room of the squad, he could invite him to a duel, and the duel, which turned all his life upside down, Onegin is already buv. In other words, Onegin literally opines at a closed number of pods; as the history of yoga will follow the principle of “mirror reflection” (G.A. Gukovsky), and yoga will be with friends. The novel has no endings, so that the guilt of motives behind the Kelcean composition: the children start and shave in St. Petersburg, spring, the hero still doesn’t get love, for the devil’s time, he doesn’t have friendship (he sees the friend’s squad). take composition pobudova Successfully demonstrate the main ideas of the novel: show the life of a great hero without a break, worthless, who himself suffers from his own obscenity, but can not get out of the closed stake of an empty life, know oneself to be seriously busy. With such a movie novel without a ending, V.G.Belinsky waited a long time, a kind of question: “What happened to Oneginim then?”. And he himself says: “We don’t know, what do we know, if we know, that the forces of this rich nature have been deprived without stagnation, life without sensation, and the novel without end?” (V.G.Belinsky “Create A.Pushkin”, article 8).

The third feature of the composition is the presence of the novel kіlkoh storylines. The history of Lensky's and Olga's kohanny gives the author the opportunity to sort out the leading heroes from others. Auntie loves "not hot" (3, XXV), and Olga was suddenly inspired after the death of Lensky and became a mistress of the lancer. Rozcharovaniy Onegin is depicted as an instruction from the mriylivim, zakokhanim Lensky, who has not yet cooled to life.

All three plot lines are intertwined in the distance: the climax-decoupling in the history of friendship (duel) becomes at once and decoupling in the history of the love of the young poet that Olga. In this order, three plot lines have only two tie-ins (in the main and in the history of friendship), three climaxes (two in the main and one (ball) for two side ones) and one tie (off in the side plot lines).

The fourth feature of the composition is the presence of the inserted episodes, which do not directly relate to the development of the plot: Tetyana's dream, Lensky's verse, the song of the girls, obviously, numerically lyrical steps. The episodes make the composition even more complicated, but it’s not necessary to drag out the novel. Especially note that the lyric steps are the most important. warehouse create, for the very beginnings of the novel create the widest picture of the Russian life of a designated historical period, and the image of the author, the third protagonist of the novel, is formed.

It is significant that the novel "Evgeniy Onegin" in the history of Russian literature is innovative from the point of view of the description of life (realistic depiction of action), and from the point of view of the creation of the character of the great hero (the image of Pushkin's contemporary, "lower people"). A deep ideological zmist appeared in its original form: Pushkin zastosuvav kіltsev composition, "mirror-like"-repetition of the main plot episodes, omitting the final rozv'azku. In other words, wiyshov "wilny novel" (8, L), in which masterly intertwine a few plot lines and present introductory steps of a different type (insert episodes, more or less closely related to the plot; hot and serious author's mirkuvannya about everything in the world) .

Pobudova of Evgen Onegin cannot be called logically incompetent. The cost is not less than the presence of a formal decoupling in the novel. Strictly seeming, between the podias described in the seventh and eighth divisions, we can go through a few years until Tetyana transforms from a provincial lady into a lady of the world. Pushkin’s heart was filled with the words of the pilk of fates that were dear to Onegin to Russia (chapter “On the Road of Onegin”), and later on, having added them to the additions to the novel, after which the logic of the plot was broken. Friends and critics told the author about this formal short time, but Pushkin was not respected:

Protirich already rich,
But I don't want to fix it. (1, LX)

The author more accurately called his tvir “a selection of strings of divisions” (introduction): a new one imagined a real life, they depended not on the strict laws of logic, but, more, on the theory of imovirnosti. Prote novel, following real life, without spending any dynamism, no artistic integrity, no completion.