Appearance of the middle-class people about the world. Presentation on the topic "Culture of Western Europe in the Early Middle Ages" Presentation on the Culture of Western Europe in the Early Middle Ages
culture Western Europe in the XI - XV centuries. Education and philosophy 1. People's statements about the world 2. Middle universities 3. Scholasticism - a new religious philosophy Architectural styles 5. Sculpture 6. Painting
Map compiled before the campaigns of Christopher Columbus (m. R.) Map compiled before the campaign of Vasco da Gami (1497 - 1499)
Serednovіchnі unіversiteti XII stolіttya - appeared Perche unіversitetіv in Єvropі Corporation - vіdokremlena grupa people SSMSC zaymayutsya Pevnyi spіlnoyu right, scho live vіdpovіdnim rank, pіdporyadkovuyutsya Especially rules that rozporyadkam Unіversiteti are themselves korporatsії people іntelektualnoї pratsі - profesorіv (vikladachіv) that studentіv "- retelno zaymatisya )
The rector is the head of the university, which is collected by academics and students Faculty is the association of academics in subjects Dean is the head of the Faculty of Zemlyatstvo is the association of students from one of the lands Forms of teaching: lectures (from lat. - reading) and disputes in knowledge and krasnomovstvo with singing nutrition
XI - XIII centuries - rozkvit scholasticism Scholasticism - religious philosophy, scho to understand God and light for the help of logical worlding 12th century Stverdzhuvav: "You need to be smart, to be honest" Bernard of Clairvosky is the ideological opponent of Abelard, the famous mystic. Stverdzhuvav: “It’s necessary to be honest, not to be mischievous” Rationalism is a direct middle-class thought: reliance on reason Mysticism (mysticism) is reliance on supernatural forces
“The Angelic Doctor” by Khoma Akvinsky (1225 – 1274) “The Sum of the Theologian” is a book that brought together all the knowledge about God and the world accumulated by the Middle Ages, in which the picture of the Christian All-World was created and it was shown that the skin “details” maє your place and your role, baptized by God
Litsarskaya literature of the XI century. - viniknennya on pіvdnі Frantsії in Provansі Troubadour - Sing-spіvaki of pіvdennoї Frantsії, Sereda yakih zustrіchalisya korolі, znatnі feudal lord, zhіnki, bagato litsarіv trouveres that mіnnezingeri litsarskі sings Pіvnіchnoї Frantsії, Іtalії, Іspanії, Nіmechchini justice, vitoncheny, vvіchlivy that privablivy. The service of the Beautiful Lady, Madonna "Tristan and Izolda" was held
Miska Literature of the XII century - the beginning of the rozkvita of Miska Literature Head Heroes short notices, vіrshiv, bajok - a sparse and cunning burgher or a cheerful and wine-loving villager, like they made fools of their opponents - swaggering faces and greedy chantsiv Vagant (from lat. - a tramp) - a school student "The Fox Romance"
Dante Aligh'ieri () " Divine Comedy”- the greatest text of Dante, writings in the verses, describing the dearer kingdom in the poteybechne with the accompaniment of the great Roman poet Virgil and the beautiful Beatrice.
At the sight of the disk, vkrita the sky, like a kovpak. Across the sky zdіysnyuyut their way Sun, Mіsyats and 5 known todi planets. The "navel" of the Earth is the place of Jerusalem, where the Throne of Jesus Christ is known. Shed was given to the beast, tk. on the Skhodі roztashovuetsya mountain, where the earthly paradise is located. Rivers cry out from paradise: Ganges, Tigris, Euphrates, Nil. Indian Ocean - closures. People who live far away are kazkovі іstoti.
The hour and the change of the seasons were assigned to natural signs (behind the Sun, the cries of the tree, the phases of the Moon, the flowering of the growths, the nature of the wind and fall). The dates were celebrated on the occasion of church saints and important historical occasions (changes of power, battles, epidemics, etc.). Nich podіlyalas on "three candles". Nothing - all the time I will manifest the devil, unclean, spirits.
4. Charles, having visited churches and palaces, served the Roman spores with great vigor 2. Entrusting the nobility with schools to the Anglo-Saxon monk Alcuin, who organized the training and wrote assistants 3. In Aachen, a viniclo supplstvo for science to occupy - "The Palace Academy" 1. Asking to the court of England , Spain, Ireland
Salichna pravda (French legislation) Einhard. Biography of Charlemagne Einhard. Biography of Charlemagne Isidor Sevilsky. History is ready. Isidor Sevilsky. History is ready. Grigory Tursky. History of the Franks. Grigory Tursky. History of the Franks. Bida the Highly Important. "Church history to the people of the English" Bida the Highest. "Church history to the people of the English" Lives of the Saints. Lives of the Saints. Capitulary of Charlemagne. Capitulary of Charlemagne. Tacitus. Annalee. Tacitus. Annalee. "Beowulf". "Beowulf". "Elder Edda" "Elder Edda" "Song about Roland". "Song about Roland". "Song about the Nibelungs" Song about the Nibelungs.
lesson type:
explanation of new material
Plan for explaining new material:
- The middle man is between God and the devil.
- Hell, heaven, purgatory.
- Announcement about an hour.
- Announcement about space.
MAIN FACTS AND CONCEPTS .
Hell - the place of rebuking the souls of sinners,
sayings for eternal torment.
Purgatory is a place, de souls of dead sinners
cleansed from sin.
Spovіd - repentance, revealing one's sins before the priest .
The devil - Volodar baked, the head of evil spirits, what to resist God .
Fall of the Fall - perpetrated by people of the first sin and driven them out of paradise .
The Last Judgment is a friend of the coming of Christ. Judgment on the righteous and sinners.
Kіnets svіtu.
Christianity is a sacrilegious ideology. Faith in god - father, god - sin.
(Christ ryativnik) that of the holy spirit. Understanding about hell and paradise, sin and honesty .
Microcosm-man .
These mortal sins - sins, having made one of them, a person could not
drink to heaven.
Virtue - tse those that are good for God and the church. Bring the soul of a person
and help to reach paradise.
Svіtoglyad - a system of glances of the world and the place of a person at a new,
vodnosini people and navkolyshnyo ї dіysnostі і themselves, as well as
obumovlenі tsimi glances їх perekonannya, іdeals, principles of cognizance.
Chronicle - the last record of the most important historical cases .
Podіl potoibichnogo
light in Catholicism .
Purgatory - mist, de soul
Inferno - the place of rebuking the souls of sinners, sayings
Dead sinners are cleansed
in eternal torment
in the case of unredeemed or for life
sin. Dogma about purgatory introduced
1439r. confirmation at 1562r.
Paradise - the place of eternal bliss for the souls of the righteous .
MAIN DATES .
1) 1562 (16th century) - confirmation by the Vatican of the dogma about purgatory.
2) 1439 (15th century) - adoption of the dogma about purgatory.
3) XVII century - voiced by the church church speech, obov'yazkovu for all .
PART OF THE SUITE .
Asia
Africa
Europe
Great rivers to bathe
EARTH
Tiger Euphrates Ganges Nil
HOUR
Villagers Voini Church
Sіlskogospodarskiy Delayed an hour for 2 Calendar of wars and tournaments
calendar: period:
a) the hour of sowing a) the creation of the world
b) the hour of the descent b) the view of the Christmas Day
c) hour of life
Didn't know what day that month
They didn’t know what kind of infection, they knew what kind of river and day
river, month, day, year
They didn’t know hvilin and Rik was given by the church
seconds holy
Didn't know hvilin i
seconds
Vishchi garlic
Faith in God Love to neighbor Humility
Warehouse of the middle novice religion
Hristiyanska Yazichna
religion religion
R Ripped off with people
Angel - protector Bis
(helping buti honestly, (pіdshtovhuvav to sin, calming the soul,
having saved the soul, buv directions by god) bv messages by the devil)
Church People
Announcement about the devil
Vіn creations by God, schob Vіn is good for the power of God.
P check the strength of the faith of people. Between them go to war
Vіn dіє z I will allow for the soul of a person.
God. Win the weak for God.
Expanse
Villagers Church Litsari
They knew only three parts of the world
They knew better the misfortune of their place
І chi village
Other times in the house it's bad
They knew that a monster lived there
They were afraid of long trips, they didn’t go anywhere
Christian religious thought
Look at the light of the Notice about the Notice about
space for an hour
( m іr-tse arena, on ko- (They divided the earth into three parts. (An hour for God to lie down).
the second flare up The skin was ottozhnyuvali s Hour - only a moment vіch -
struggle between god and religious space. news. Tse divine
devil, good and evil
Christians and pagans (cosmos), including in themselves (from the creation of the world to
mi. The world-kingdom of the human vice is a small cosmos (mik - the Last Judgment). Check-
and greed, only cer - rokosmos). I'm out of the world.
kov can vryatuvati yogo
in death.)
Historical events
(History may be its cob and end.
History began from the creation of the world,
pіd її kіntsem mav on uvazi terrible judgment).
Budova world
Residence of the Holy Trinity: God
father, god-sin, holy son
7 sky
6 sky
5 sky
4 sky
3 sky
2 sky
1 sky
Jerusalem, the center of the world
4 rivers that bathe the Earth
Go to hell
1. Appearance of the middle-class people about the world. In the first capital of the Middle Ages, there are few people who have seen beyond their rural districts. Less than half of the information reached the people about the border regions. But the rulers and diplomats, warriors, merchants and missionaries traveled all over Western Europe and left for us a lot of news about that hour. However, the Europeans did not know for a long time what to fight for the borders of Europe, and they piled up nebilits about distant lands.
1. Appearance of the middle-class people about the world. The middle centuries showed that the Earth is round, unruly and located at the center of the All-World. Ale deyakі from them chimed the Earth's backbone, stverzhuyuschie, that people, like living on the protracted side of the earth kulі, could walk "head down", and the trees grow "on the mountain of roots." the stinks showed the Earth like a disk covered with the sky, like a carpet, and the sky to sway their way to the Sun, Moon and five other planets.
1. Appearance of the middle-class people about the world. The center, or the “navel”, of the Earth was respected by the city of Jerusalem, where the Trun of Jesus Christ is known. There is a mountain on the Skhodі, on it there is an earthly paradise. Rivers scream from paradise: Tigris, Euphrates, Ganges and Nil. The Indian Ocean near Serednyovichchi is closed.
1. Appearance of the middle-class people about the world. The hour of the change of seasons was assigned to natural signs: the gathering and sunset of the Sun, the cry of the tree, the phases of the Moon, the flowers and fruiting trees and other growths, the nature of the wind and fall. At the historical hour of the Middle Ages, people were put in their own way. The chronicles were baiduzhi to the exact figures. The stench vikoristovuvali vague words: “at this time”, “at this hour”, “nezabar after this”. The dates of family life, near the villages of the country, were raised in the sight of church saints and such memorable pods, like a serpent of the sovereign, a great battle, a famine of an epidemic.
1. Appearance of the middle-class people about the world. At the early Middle Ages, some victors made outbuildings for the countering of the hour, created in Ancient Greece that Ancient Rome. One of them is a bondage to the vagaries of nature - such a sleepy year. There is no single system for the hour. In some regions, the rivers began on the day of the Holy Great Day, in others - on the Day of Christ. The average year added up to approximately three modern years. month of renewal.
1. Appearance of the middle-class people about the world. Doba lasted for a day that night. Nich - the hour of the appearance of supernatural forces, having seen that devil. Nothing to lie with the witches and demons. The day for the middle-class people is bright and kind. Beautiful is the sun that shines on the armor
2. Carolingian Renaissance. For the management of the great country, Charlemagne needed literate officials and judges. Vіn rozumiv: to revive the Roman Empire, to revive the culture, and to advance ancient knowledge. At the new beginning of the cultural renaissance, the historians called it the Carolingian Renaissance. Charlemagne asked for illumination from other countries - Italy, Spain, England, Ireland to his court. Vin entrusted the nobility with schools to the Anglo-Saxon chants Alcuin. Alcuyin, having organized training, and writing school assistants.
3. "Sim of great mysticism". Charlemagne punished the opening of schools at the great monasteries. In the past, in the X-XI centuries, at temples and cathedrals, cathedral schools began to emerge near the towns. At the cathedral schools, the children were taught at once from the youths, there was no time to go to class for a century. The training was in my Latin. The people are happy for my sake without saying. Tse bula international mova consecrated people of Western Europe. At the top of the school education, from the ancient hours, the study of the “seven great mysteries”: the sciences of the “trivium” and the “quadrivium” were included. "Trivium" including grammar (clever to read and write in Latin), rhetoric (Krasnomovstvo) and dialectics (the art of rozmirkovuvati). Arithmetic, geometry, astronomy and music were included to another level of education – “quadrivium”. Once you have mastered the sciences, you can learn the "queen of sciences" - theology.
3. "Sim of great mysticism". For the tієї epoch, it is even more important to understand the “eyes” that “authority”. They admitted that the skin area of knowledge had authority - the sages. In dialectic, Aristotle's insane authority. In poetry, the style of Virgil and Horatia came into play, in prose - Cicero. At the lessons of grammar and rhetoric, "clear" texts of Roman poets and orators were analyzed. Ale to the head of the “handyman”, what a trace of the nobility to remember and remember the darkness, bula Bible: Old and New Testament. Illumined by a person, vvazhavsya the one who knew the thought of authorities in the drive. Osvita used to memorize quotations from authorities. The sciences of the "quadrivium" were weakly separated. Rakhunok for a long time in Roman numerals and important, sounding, they conquered nothing more than an additional date. Multiply, rozpodіl that fractions were given not richly. From the geometries, the simplest practical tasks were completed, let's rethink the necessary everyday life. Astronomy vikoristali, schob virakhovuvat dat church saints and the terms of gender robots.
4. The art of the handwritten book. The monastic scriptoria developed the art of the handwritten book. For a long time, the book was most often papyrus-like, for the old Roman empire it was parchment-like. Vіn buv mіtsnіshiy, nizh papirus, yogo can be folded and written on the new one from both sides. Ale, parchment was more expensive: the preparation of the Bible in a great format required sheets of 300 calves. A lot of people worked over one handwritten book for a long time: some wrote the text in a calligraphic (beautiful) handwriting; others emphatically embellished great letters on the cob of the red row - initials, inscribing in them the whole of the malovnichi scenes - miniatures; the third robed screensavers and ornament.
5. Literature. Most of the people read the Gospels and the lives of the saints, who spoke about the exploits of people who were recognized by the Church as holy martyrs. In the lives it was described how the stench rolled for themselves in order to strangle peace and soul to draw closer to God. The heroes of life worked miracles and endured torment for the sake of faith, for the sake of truth, and for the sake of a bunch of people, they bravely fought against injustice and evil.
5. Literature. From the VI-VIII century, the culture of Western Europe increasingly includes chronicles - manuscripts that told about the history of peoples and the current chronicle of life. So, Gregory of Tursky wrote the history of the Franks, Isidore of Sevilsky - prepared and vandals. At the chronicles, the pods were laid out behind the rocks, like the stench went one by one. The Irish monk Bida Vysokopozhnyy at the "Church history to the people of the English" first zastosuv new system rahunku hour - the birth of Christ. Langobard Pavlo the Deacon created "Roman history". In the 11th century, Bishop Adam of Bremen wrote a tvir about the history of the Bremen bishop and the birth of the Scandinavian peoples.
slide 1
Culture of Middle Europe
slide 2
Termіn "Serednі vіki" LUVs Vpershe administrations іtalіyskim gumanіstom Flavіo Biondo (1453), to Demba w domіnuyuchim termіnom for poznachennya perіodu od padіnnya Zahіdnoї Rimskoї іmperії to Vidrodzhennya bulo administration Petrarch ponyattya "temnі vіki" yak in suchasnіy іstorіografії oznachaє vuzhchy vіdrіzok (VI- VIII Art.).
slide 3
The Middle Ages are mentally subdivided into three main periods: Early Middle Ages (the end of the V - the middle of the XI century). Vysoka, or Classic, Serednyovichchya (mid-XI - end of the XIV century). Late Midnight or Early New Hour (XIV-XVI centuries)
slide 4
Universities: masters and students
During the period of the risen Middle Ages in the European countries, the first schools and educational institutions appeared - universities. As a rule, kings, emperors, Roman popes acted as founders.
slide 5
Date of foundation of universities
Slide 7
Programs:
In universities, at the lower, preparatory, faculties, the titles of “free art” were raised, combining two cyclic triviums (grammar, rhetoric, logic) and quadrivium (arithmetic, geometry, astronomy, music).
Slide 8
Vikladachi
Khoma Akvinsky (1225/26-1274) - theologian, philosopher. Dominican monk. In 1323 p. zarahovany to the face of saints. Started in Paris, Cologne. Waving near Paris, Rome, Naples. In his practice, he deviated from the position about harmony of faith and reason, widely victorious Aristotle's teachings, pragmatically attaching yoga to the Christian doctrine. He formulated a lot of basic theses of the Catholic faith, including five proofs of the buttya of God.
Slide 9
Pier Abelard
(1079-1142) - French theologian, philosopher, poet. Vikladav at the University of Paris. Introduced a significant contribution to the development of theology, trying to encircle the link to reason, logic and faith. Yogo practice was judged by church councils. Your difficult life way he described his wines in "History of my dashes" - one of the first autobiographies in the middle European literature.
Slide 10
Roger Bacon
(1214-1292/94) - English philosopher, doslednik of nature. Started, and then clapped at Oxford. Franciscan monk. Taking up optics, astronomy, alchemy. Giving great importance to the experimental results. Increasing the power of the lens, having transferred the combination of some optical devices, as well as transferring the low scientific opinions
slide 11
Development of Literature
Medieval people of the 19th century distinguished two types of middle-class literature, “vchena” and “folk”. To the first class lay Latin texts and court poetry, to the other - all other creations, as they were vowed, on the kshtalt of romantics, with primordial mysticism. . At the same time, the variety of genres grew and the turns of national cultures were laid. In different countries, there were selected and recorded epic cycles, which were combined by ancient folk sayings - legends
slide 12
Romanesque style
Tse style in Western European art of the X-XII century. The most famous wine was hanging from the architecture. Romanesque style, artistic style, which panuvav have Western Europe (as well as hitting the old lands of Northern Europe) in the X-XII century. (in a number of places - in the XIII century), one of the most important stages in the development of the middle European art. The term "Romanesque style" cob XIX in.
slide 13
Gothic
The period at the development of middle-class art, which shoveled all the galleys material culture and that the country of Western, Central and partly Western Europe was developing from the XII to the XV centuries. Gothic came to change Romanesque style yoga step by step. Although the term "Gothic style" is most often stoked to architectural disputes, Gothic also slandered sculpture, painting, book miniature, costume, and ornament. bud. Duchy of Darmshtacke, Russian Empire, as well as a number of Islamic powers.
Slide 14
Cathedral of the North Dame near Reims
slide 15
de Santa María de la Sede - Cathedral near the city of Seville (Andalusia, Spain)
slide 16
Revival
This term refers directly to the development of the European, to the front of the Italian culture of the middle of the XIII-XVI centuries. With whom, three periods are seen: rebirth (Trecento), early Renaissance(Quattrocento), the temple of Renaissance. Characteristics of rice In the early years, they lied to the ancient ideals of the beautiful, in the awakened interest to the people as a thorough creation, a part of the insane world.
