Causes of elevated soybean in the blood of a child and grown up. SHOE is more for the norm - what does it mean, and what is the norm for women for a century
CHI IS UNSAFE IMPORTED SOY IN THE BLOODSHOE - the speed of erythrocytes osidance!
The popularity of blood analysis for SOEs was sown by the technical simplicity and cheapness of this test, as well as the total reconciliation of its reliability. The proto-interpretation of the results of the SHOE is connected with many difficulties. For example, if the patient's SHOE is normal, what can be taken into account that he does not have an active illness? And even if there are only a few advances of SHOE, but there are no other signs of illness, what does it mean that a person is sick?
Sound and doctors, and patients calm down, bachachi is a normal result of the test, and the advance of the SHOE is taken as a sign of a slight obstezhennia.
Unfortunately, the normal result of the SOE always means the day of illness. According to the literature, in a significant number of ailments from potentially ill-natured diseases, a WOE of less than 20 mm / year is observed.
From the other side, sometimes in case of strong movement of the SHOE (100 mm / year or more), it is not possible to show a sign of illness.
In table 4, the results are low, according to the inclusion criteria, up to some extreme advances in SHOE of 100 mm/year and more. The amount of money is not worth 100, to that the deacons of the ailing small sprat fell ill.
Table 4
| Absolute number | Vіdsotok | |
|---|---|---|
| Kіlkіst guard | 1666 | 100% |
| infection | 651 | 39% |
| Zloyakіsnі ill | 390 | 23% |
| Systemic infection with healthy tissue | 280 | 17% |
| Niroc disease | 54 | 3% |
| Other | 292 | 18% |
| Reasons not revealed | 39 | 2% |
In this rank, the promotion of the SHOE in the most vipadkivs was caused by one or the other dekilcom ailments from the chotiroh of the largest groups:
- infections. The promotion of SHOE is the most accompanying infectious process.
- Evil contagion. In the middle of oncopathology advancement, SHOE are more often trapped with solitary puffiness, lower with oncohematological diseases.
- Rheumatological illness.
- Pathology of nirok.
The change in illness, which is accompanied by the promotion of SOE, is shown in Table 5.
Table 5. Causes of increased SOE
| 1. Infections | |
| 1.1. More bacterial infections (predominantly hostile) | Infections of the upper and lower dichal pathways Infections of sich paths Tuberculosis legenia and post-legal |
| 1.2. Viral infections | Viral hepatitis |
| 1.3. Systemic fungal infections | |
| 2. Evil contagion | |
| 2.1. Oncohematological disease | Leukemia, lymphoma Macroglobulinemia of Waldenström Plasmacytoma, myeloma |
| 2.2. Evil fluff | Lung, bronchi, nasopharynx Milk worms, ovaries, uterus Nirok, front vine Pidshlunkova zaloz, tovsta gut Second localization |
| 3. Rheumatological disease | Skronevy arteritis Rheumatism Rheumatic polymyalgia Rheumatoid arthritis Systemic Chervona Vovchanka Other illnesses |
| 4. Niroc disease | Glomerulonephritis nephrotic syndrome Pyelonephritis Other illnesses |
| 5. Others become | Anemia Ignition pathology of the pelvic organs (adnexitis, prostatitis, etc.) Ignition pathology of the laryngeal intestine, zhovchnoy mikhur, pіdshlunkovoї zoloza Tooth granulomas ENT pathology: sinusitis, tonsillitis, otitis Sarcoidosis Stan after surgical intervention Phlebitis with varicose veins of the lower veins |
For changing plasma proteins, one hour is needed, and for SOE, “rozbig” is needed (on average, about 24-48 years). Therefore, in the first days of the infectious process, SHOE zap_znyuєtsya is equal to leukocytosis and fever.
And the oskіlki zmіni blіkіv krovі v naslіdok rіznіh zapіnіh protsesіv zberіgayut protyag thrice hour, then after the end of the ill often poser_gаєє pіdvishchena SHOE (and іnоdі protyagіl kіlkoh mіsyatsіv). About the phenomenon of the next memory. The promotion of the SHOE in the vapings is simply due to the period of dressing.
Changes are constantly being observed in the body of a person, so doctors try to develop new diagnostic approaches to clarify or make a correct diagnosis. As the diagnosis is more accurate, the cause of the change in the human organism is more clearly identified, and the disease is recognized at the same time as the ignition process.
Blood analysis determined the norms of the erythrocyte count to stagnate like grown-ups, and even children. The analysis is assigned not only as a prophylactic visit, but also for clinical examination, or a symptomatic stage of illness. The movement of the SHOE indicator in a person signals that the body is in the ignition process. The doctor is guilty of setting that cause.
Significantly, in the Russian Federation, in other countries, due to advanced medical analysis, the whole show has ceased to be considered as an informative medical show. On the right, in the fact that wine gives milking results, it is the most common to win the URP (C - reactive protein). As a matter of fact, it is not necessary to speak casually about the presence of bacterial or viral infections in the human body. Also, the zavdyaks of this show can be revealed by burning the zhovchny mіkhur and injury. Ale analysis for C-reactive protein can be done only at a paid clinic.
What is SHOE?
SHOE means fastness of erythrocyte sedimentation. This is a laboratory indicator of the blood of a person (non-specific), zavdyaky, for example, indicate a hundred of proteins in plasma. In the blood of a person, there are erythrocytes (red cells), which serve as a transport function (carrying acid to the tissues of organs) in the body.
To reveal the norms of erythrocytes, they are injected with an anticoagulant directly in the minds of the laboratory. After that stench settles on the bottom of the laboratory vessel. The result of plasma follow-up is evaluated in millimeters/year.
Changes in the number of erythrocytes can speak about the presence of pathology, as it may be infectious, oncological or rheumatological in nature.
What can help you to reveal SOE?
- You can show the body's reaction to the sign of glee. For example, with tuberculosis, red dog, inflamed healthy tissue (rheumatoid arthritis) or Hodgkin's lymphoma (lymphogranulomatosis).
- Accurately differentiate the diagnosis: heart attack, or osteoarthritis.
- Ascertain the attachment of a form of illness in the body of a person.
If the analysis is normal, then, however, it is necessary to add additional obstezhennia and analysis, but the normal rіven SHOE does not include in people with a serious illness and the manifestation of a new evil character.
If the indicator is greater than 100 mm/year, it is necessary to testify about the presence of diseases in the body, such as:
- GRVI.
- Sinusitis (hostile chi chronic).
- or tuberculosis is legeni.
- cystitis.
- Pyelonephritis.
- Hepatitis (viral).
- The manifestation of fungal infection.
Norm and pathology of SOE
Let's take a look at the promotion table for SOE.
People
Vagіtnі ta zhіnki
Children (for age category)
| Vik | SHOE norm | |
| Newborn children. | Vid 0 to 2 mm/year. Up to 2.8 units are allowed. | |
| First month of life. | View 2-5 mm/year. | |
| Period of 2-6 months. | Vіd 4 to 6 singles | |
| Single Vic. | Suvoro up to 10 singles. | |
| Up to 5 years | Vіd 5-11 mm/year. | |
| From 6-14 years. | Vіd 4-13 mm/year. | |
| Senior age of the last (14 years). | Girls | lads |
| Type 2 to 15 singles. | Vid 1 to 10 mm/year. | |
About what to talk about promoted SHOE?
On the basis of one analysis, an accurate diagnosis cannot be made by a highly qualified medical practitioner. Ale, zavdyaki sukupnnostі simptomіv and methodіv diagnostic obstezhennja to reveal those chi іnshe іnshe ill is more simple.
The progress of the indicator is to indicate the presence of a bacterial infection, as it proceeds without middle in the body of a person in the acute phase. Regardless of the different localization of the ignition process, the peripheral blood picture will always show the ignition process.
SHOE more for the norm can be evidence of the presence of advancing illnesses:
- Liver ailments.
- Festering, septic infection, like a fiery character.
- Heart attack, stroke.
- Tuberculosis legenia.
- Sjögren's syndrome.
- Evil new creation.
- Anisocytosis.
- Hemoglobinopathy.
- Blood diabetes.
- Autoimmune pathologies, such as: scleroderma, red dog.
- Fatness of a different degree of importance.
- leukemia.
- Diarrhea.
- Intestinal obstruction.
- Bluvota.
The indicator of the level of erythrocytes increases by 2 after the development of an acute period of illness or the ignition process. After the trival glee, the SHOE is no longer promoted, it will decrease to the norm in less than two months after dressing.
Erythrocyte movement statistics
In medicine, there are statistics, for which it is possible to designate an increase in SHOE in case of various illnesses and igniting processes in the body. The best showing is to become 40%. Until the new one can see infectious ailments: inflamed wild roads, viral hepatitis, diseased sich paths
Oncological disease of the blood falls 23%, on systemic red dog and rheumatism - only 17%.
The lowest indications (8%) include anemia, salpingo-oophoritis, prostatitis and ENT infection: sinusitis, otitis media, sore throat, as well as inflammation of the intestines, organs of the small pelvis, or the period of vaginess in a woman.
Another indication to become 3% is to be ill with nirk (stones, brushes, pyelonephritis, paranephritis, nirk insufficiency).
What can be added to the result of the analysis?
They pour into the show as pathological, and physiological officials. So, for example, in women, the indicator of SHOE is higher than the norm, lower in representatives of the human status. This is based on the physiological characteristics of the women's blood. Until then, during the period of vagity or a trivial contraceptive contraceptive congestion in a woman, the level of erythrocytes significantly increases, while the norm is 20–45 units (mm / year).
In the daytime, dobite chey pokazhnik can also rise to the norm, especially in people who suffer from anemia.
Acute-phase proteins are produced up to a dry slump of SHOE, and the axis, when the viscosity rises, everything goes down. In this case, the physiological indicator is the lower one for the established norm. A similar picture is observed for macrocytes, in relation to anisocytes and spherocytes.
Methods for determining the SHOE and interpreting the finished result
In medicine, there are a few options for determining the normal level of erythrocytes in the blood.
- Westergren's method.
They are reproached with him more often, even if praised by the International Committee. For the help of Westergren's method, venous blood is added to it with sodium citrate. At the tripod, add additional material (diluted with a blood reagent) and mark in one year between the upper boundary of the erythrocytes, which they donated, and the upper boundary of the plasma ball.
- Vintrobe's method.
And here the blood is mixed with another reagent, itself - with an anticoagulant. The result is determined by the scale of the tube, in which the motherland, which is to be followed, is without middle ground.
By this method, it is very rare to cory, shards for showing more than 60 alone, the result will be unreliable. Everything is expelled through the clogging of the tube with erythrocytes, which they settled in.
- method - Panchenkov.
They are often koristuyutsya. For the collection of the blood of the patient, the vicorist is graduated with capillary pipettes, like 100 podils. The ratio of blood taken and the reagent becomes 4:1. The blood borrowing process is close to 1:00.
Westergren's and Panchenkov's methods can give completely identical results. Ale, one vine. If in the body of a person there is an increase in the rіven of erythrocytes, then when the blood is measured by the Westegren method, the results will be greater, lower stinks are true. Therefore, we will give you a parallel analysis, to show in person how there is a difference between the two by methods of investigation.
An example of the results of the SOE:
- Another method is "Vintroba": 2-4-6-8-10-15-17-20-22-35-50.
- The third method is Panchenkova: 2-4-6-8-10-14-16-18-20-30-40.
You can remember that starting from the 10th one, the showcases are resurrected. To confirm the diagnosis, it is recommended to undergo additional methods of obstezhennia.
In children's promotions, what does it mean?
An increase in the indicator of SHOE in the blood of a child is often associated with an infectious-inflammatory process. Therefore, in order to establish the correct diagnosis, it is necessary to recognize additional analyzes and obstezhennya. Adzhe buvaє, that the norm of SHOE is higher for dependency, otherwise it causes chibnopositive results. This is the case with non-infectious disease.
The main non-infectious illnesses can be seen:
- Rheumatoid arthritis.
- Bronchial asthma.
- Chervona Vovchanka.
- Hyperthyroidism.
- Hypothyroidism.
- Blood diabetes.
- Tuberculosis legenia.
- infarction.
- Stroke.
- Injuries.
- Other oncological processes.
Establish a number of factors, through which the number of erythrocytes in a child’s blood insignificantly moves. How to talk about unmovable, then it is possible to promote the show of the SHOE through the destruction of the children of the mother-year-old. Also, there is a slight increase in posterity with teething, vitamin deficiency in the body, as well as the hour of frequent use of a drug (paracetamol), or with helminthiasis (div.,).
Like in grown-ups, so in children for the first time after the dressing of the erythrocytes, the erythrocytes decrease even more properly. In order for the won to turn to the required norm, it is possible to pass no less than 4 days. In lonely depressions, erythritis decreases to the required norm in less than two months - everything is deposited in the form of a stage of illness and trevalosity of exuberance.
To that, as the fathers are hesitant, because the ignition process in the organism of the little one is bathed, it is recommended to take C-reactive protein analysis in a paid clinic.
If the promotion of SHOE is absolutely safe?
For example, in case of an allergic reaction, this is an indicator of movement, and, in my turn, to be aware of the correct anti-allergic therapy. Therefore, the drug effectively positively pours into the body, the indicator of SHOE is gradually reduced step by step.
The High Shoe can be used after a generous meal, or at the same time - during the period of starvation or a three-year diet. Also, SHOE occurs during menstrual bleeding or during the post-natal period of a woman. Let's guess that a female woman has a high indicator of SHOE in the blood.
False result of erythrocytes in the blood
For some reason, through a test for erythrocytes, it can be hybnopositive and not reveal the development of an infectious process or an illness in the body.
To the main reasons one can add:
- Morphological changes in erythrocytes are observed in anemia.
- Increased concentration of plasma proteins.
- Obesity of the third stage.
- Nirkov's deficiency.
- The period of vagity of a woman.
- Summer Vic.
- Hypercholesterolemia.
- Taking vitamins of group A
- Hepatitis B vaccination.
There are also technical mistakes on the side of medical personnel. For example, if the time is not correct or if the temperature regime of the blood is not correct, it will be over 25 degrees. Otherwise, the laboratory assistant incorrectly mixed the anticoagulant with the right motherland (blood).
What work, if not able to reveal the cause of the rise of erythrocytes in the blood?
It often happens that the doctor cannot establish the correct reason for the increase in the blood count. At the same time, the dynamics of the analysis show even higher indicators of the SOE equal. Then it is necessary to carry out a deep diagnosis of the organism. It is necessary, even if the doctor is guilty of turning off the unsafe ignition processes and becoming in the body of a person, especially oncological pathology.
Krym tsgogo, there is one more peculiarity. In a few fluctuations in the body of a person, a rhіven of erythrocytes moves, instilled independently, depending on the person who is ill.
What is the job of this guy? Doctors coldly recommend that if you want to go through a prophylactic medical examination once a day, you should take it from your doctor. So, if you suspect that you are on fire, you should turn around negainally for medical assistance. Of course, it is necessary to lead an active life and eat properly.
The frequency of erythrocyte sedimentation (SHOE) shows, with some kind of frequency, the process of erythrocyte sedimentation in selected blood samples. Because of its simplicity and accessibility, this analysis is widely popular in diagnosing certain illnesses.
SHOE is a non-specific indicator, which by itself does not mean anything specific, but in some cases it can be ahead of the onset of illness to the point of vindication of the first symptoms.
Methods for determining the level of SOE
The value of the erythrocytes is greater than that of the plasma, so the first thing to do is to settle on the bottom of the test tube for an hour of taking a blood test. Shvidkіst osіdannya is determined by the stage of їхної aggregation (building up to zdatnіstyu). Aggregation of erythrocytes is important to lie in the protein warehouse and electrical power of the plasma.
With a normal state of erythrocytes, they are negatively charged and irritated one by one. Rivne aggregation (SHOE) increases with the increase in the number of proteins in the acute phase in plasma, as markers of the ignition process. Navpaki, with the increase in the amount of albumin, the cost of albumin will change. Designation of SOEs is carried out by the Westergren method (for samples) or by the Panchenkov method (for capillary). . After 60 strands, it passes from the upper line of the plasma column to the upper line of the erythrocyte column. This is the value, change in mm/year, є SHOE indicator. Tsej sposіb vіru vіru vіr vіru vіzvіru vіzhnarodіnі komіtet ї standardizatsії hematologicheskih dolіdzhenі і є etalonnym.
In our country, Panchenkov's method is widely popular, when I glass a pipette (capillary) 1 mm wide and 100 mm long, half fill with 5% sodium citrate, which then vibrates at the test tube. After blood sampling from the finger, the capillary will be filled with blood and smeared in a test tube with an anticoagulant. Let's collect blood again. In this way, the blood in the sample is mixed with the reagent in the ratio of 4:1. Dial capillary up to the 0 mark, after which the wine is placed in a tripod. After 60 minutes, the number of millimeters of the plasma column, which is over, is indicated.
Data, taken with the help of these tests, are saved for the normal SHOE. However, at the time of the quicker siding, the first method seems to have better results.
Riven SHOE in the blood of people
The norm of SHOE in the blood of a strong state becomes 8-10 mm / year. Vіdkhilennya vіd norms for simplicity, it is accepted to divide by equal:
It is also necessary to know that the norm of the density of erythrocytes should be deposited in a person:
- up to 20 years, the norm for people to become more than 12 mm/h;
- for people up to 60 years old - no more than 14 mm / year;
- for people older than 60 years - less than 19 mm/year.
Reasons for the increase in the level of SOE
The most widespread reason for the increase in SHOE is the presence of ignition processes in the body, through which a lot of people receive this reaction as a specific one. Ale tse zovsі so.
Depending on the biochemical reasons, it can be argued that the severity of the day can speak about different illnesses.
For example, an increase in blood levels of liver pigments and acids is not only seen in cholecystitis and hepatitis, but also in fatty and proteinaceous hepatoses, cirrhosis and liver cancer.
In general, they see such groups of illnesses, in some adults SHOE:
- septic, rotten and ignition processes;
- blood ailments (hemoglobinopathy, anisocytosis, sickle ageemia);
- liver disease and zhovchovivіdnyh ways;
- disruption of speech exchange and pathology of endocrine lesions;
- ailments that are accompanied by tissue destruction and necrosis;
- evil degeneration of the cystic brain;
- autoimmune disease.
When revealed promoted equal SHOE it is necessary to undergo additional obstezhennya, yakі allow revealing the cause of the illness and taking it out.
The frequency of erythrocyte analysis (SOE) has been victorious in laboratory practice since the beginning XIX on the cob XX century. The Polish therapist, pathologist and medical historian Edmund Bernatsky urged erythrocyte test as a test. Over 120 years ago, E. Bernatsky published a report on the possible mechanisms of the phenomenon and caution about the visibility of the reaction during different types pathology. Analysis of the names of the author by the reaction of erythrocyte sedimentation (RVE). Often, when reviewing the results of the analysis, the SOE is more than normal - what does it mean?
Normal and pathological indications of SOE in blood
Even in the era of Galen, Hippocrates, doctors actively victorious bloodletting and commemorated that the blood, after standing "rozsharovuetsya". The lower ball is bigger and brighter, and the upper one is bright and clear. It was noted that the sickly light ball has more turns, the lower is dark. Until the 20th century, the diagnostic value of SHOE was recognized.
In 1918 p. at the congress in Stockholm, the Swedish hematologist R. Fareus spoke about changing the SHOE of the hour of gestation, including the analysis of the test for vaginess. In the past, SOE was respected by an objective test for pathological in the body.
The essence of the phenomenon of SHOE in tshomu, scho erythrocytes under the influx of the earth's gravity, establish a siege. Shvidkіst їhny osіdannya to lie in the form of aggregation (zlipannya). In case of various illnesses, erythrocytes can form large conglomerates, and even then they increase.
The enlightenment of the great conglomerates was brought to light by promotions:
- equal fibrinogen and globulins;
- plasma viscosity;
- rozmiru clitin blood.
Inject into the SHOE:
- analysis method;
- centuries and gender features.
For otrimannya discrete results it is necessary to vouch for the officials, who inject the accuracy of the indicator. The tables show the reasons for the change in SOE in people, regardless of the state and age:
| Chinniki vlivu on SOE | Shvidke | Povilne |
|---|---|---|
| RBC activity | Anemia | Polycythemia |
| Acceptance of medical benefits | Oral contraceptives | Nonsteroidal analgesics |
| Damage to lipid metabolism | Cholesterol promotion | Increased level of fatty acids in the blood |
| Damage acid-puddle balance blood | acidosis (acidification) | Alkalosis ("zaluzhuvannya") |
| The temperature of the navkolishny povіtrya pіd hour vіdstoyuvannya kapilyar | >+ 27°C | +22°С |
| Other factors | Vagity | Anomalies of rozmiriv and forms of blood cells |
The injection of repaid factors contributes to the result of the analysis and the responsibility is to be repaid for the hour of the investigation.
SHOE cannot claim the title of analysis, which gives a final result. In case of recognition of yoga and decryption of indications, the doctor is guilty of ascertaining the diagnostic substitution of the analysis.
Women
In women up to 60 years of age, the reference value (norm) is 2-12 mm/year. The indicator changes in the fallow time depending on the number of the main components of the blood, and also on the activity of androgynous hormones. For representatives of both articles, there are indications of the norm of SHOE in the blood, it is clear to the age. So, for women older than 60 years, the norm is< 20 (30) мм/час.
Changing the level of hormones is determined by the period of gestation, which is why the table of reference values for the fallow in terms of the term vagity is especially important. Adaptation mechanisms for pre-preparation to slow turn on changes in the blood. Norm SOE in the other half of the vaginess is 40-50 mm/year.
Since the reference value is an average indicator, and the upper limit of the norm is only valid for 95% of patients, then individual norms can be calculated using the formulas of Tarelli, Westergren, or, more simply, Miller.
In children
The norm of SHOE in the blood of children reflects the specificity of their development and the perfection of the various functions of the body's systems.
So, for example, the SOE in the blood of newborns does not exceed 2 mm / year, which is mindful of the peculiarities of the blood type:
- high volume of erythrocytes (hematocrit);
- low quantity of whites, zocrema, globulins;
- increase in cholesterol (hypocholesterolemia);
- mild acidosis.
Since the beginning of the century, indicators of blood in children have changed, those indicators of SHOE have changed.
So, for example, the SOE norm in children is:
- new people: 1-7 days - 1-2 mm / year; 8-14 days - 4-17 mm / year; 2-6 min. - 17-20 mm / year;
- preschoolers - 1-8 mm / year;
- children: girl - 15-18 mm / year; boys - 10-12 mm / year.
In children, all indications of the functioning of the systems are labile (collapsing), lower in adults. That’s why a great influx of them mayut zvnіshnі factori, for example, mind dovkilla. It has been established that in children and adolescents, who live in unfriendly minds, the blood characteristics vary according to the average indicators of the norm. So, in children, who live in the minds of high latitudes (Europeian Pivnich), increased gender (states) of power in the minds of erythrocytes.
Von, against the counters from the middle latitudes, there are significant differences in the SHOE:
- in girls - 6-8 mm/year (against 5-6 mm/year);
- in young people - 6-7 mm/year (against 4-5 mm/year).
In children, in the minds of Pivnoch, the indication of SHOE in the norm is significantly higher, the lower norm of SHOE in the blood of children in the mid-latitudes. With this adaptation of girls to the minds of high latitudes, the difference is higher, lower among young people.
For people
The norm of SHOE in the blood of people tezh is stable before age-old metamorphoses:
Insignificantly - by 1-2 units, the increase in the indicator is equal to the norm, it can be evidence of the extinction of the pathological process and the destruction of the minds of the preparation before the analysis.
If the result is 15-30 units, it is possible to suspect an insignificant ignition process, which is characteristic of colds.
An increase or a decrease in the indicator > 30 singles signal a serious process.
An indicator that strikes the norm by 60 and more than one, signaling about a serious injury I will become.
Since SOE itself is uninformative and non-specific (it cannot accurately indicate the nature and localization of the pathological process), then yoga is prescribed for the complex with lesser consequences.
Table norm SOE in women per century
On the chemical and physical warehouse of the blood, they add anonymous external and internal factors. so yak female organism more skhilny to change, including hormonal ones, then the colivanna value of SHOE is stale in women, it is more pronounced, lower in people.
Forever changes that occur in a woman’s body can be mentally divided into 5 blocks:
- Molding and development of the body.
- The cob of state ripening.
- State maturity - childbearing period.
- The beginning of menopause.
- Climax.
Leather from blocks is characterized by its norm of SHOE, and the period of state maturity may be more detailed. Below is presented in the form of the table the norm of SHOE in women for a century:
| Vik (rokiv) | SOE norm (mm/year) | |
|---|---|---|
| lower boundary | Upper boundary | |
| 13 | 1-4 | 12 |
| 13-18 | 3 | 18 |
| 19-30 | 2 | 15 |
| 31-40 | 2 | 20 |
| 41-50 | 0 | 26 |
| 51-60 | 0 | 26 |
| >60 | 2 | 55 |
Krіm listing more factors, which are added to the indications of SOE, in women, the result of the analysis is expected when the hormonal background is changed, which is called out:
- menstrual cycle;
- vaginess;
- the station was gently sloping and breastfeeding;
- taking oral contraceptives;
- hormone replacement therapy.
On the rіven SHOE, women significantly pour in eating. To bury the diets of young women and young women until they are born showing off according to the age norm. The values of the reference values are indicated for different advances or a decrease in the body mass index.
SHOE for vagity
Different indications of SHOE are indicated in women in different terms of gestation.
- I trimester - ~ 13-21 mm / year;
- II trimester - 25 mm / year;
- III trimester - 30-45 mm / year.
After a gradual advance, SHOE is saved for another day (3-4 days and more). Promotion of ROE under the hour of vacancy to tell about those who are developing.
What is the rіven SHOE for a woman exceeding the norm, what does it mean?
In women, rіven SHOE is higher than the norm, what does it mean? Vagity is accompanied by genetically programmed, adaptive processes.
Stepin їхної variety to fall in:
- gestational age;
- number of fruits;
- individual reserve capacity of a woman's body.
Navіt for physiologically protіkayuchoї vagіtnostі dosledniki vydnayavnіyut a sign of the syndrome of systemic inflammation.
For the sake of increasing the term of vagity growth and the indicator of SHOE, which is understood:
- a decrease in the number of erythrocytes for the increase in the volume of blood plasma;
- increased number of erythrocytes;
- development of endogenous intoxication;
- activation of antiseptic cytokines;
- decrease in the amount of total blood protein;
- increase in fibrinogen in the blood and increase in viscosity.
Cі pristosuvalnі mehanіzmi prizvodnya osіdannya erythrocytes.
Proteins are localized on the surface of red blood cells, which lead to aggregation of erythrocytes. In addition, the charge on the surface of the membranes of red blood cells also changes. If on the cob of vagity they are more important than potassium, then up to the II trimester their rіven decreases, and in the 3rd trimester they are more important than sodium. Until the end of vagity, the total accumulation of sodium ions reaches the limit values. Change the charge of the membranes to cause the blood cells to "stick".
In addition, the lipid exchange changes in women. In the blood, the amount of cholesterol, triglycerides and fatty acids, as a material for the synthesis of steroids, necessary for the formation of fetal tissues, is increased. All changes are made to accelerate the SHOE and the physiological norm with vagity. Therefore, the SHOE of the gestational period uses its own diagnostic value as an indicator of the ignition process.
Ale, yakscho SHOE signifi- cantly change the upper boundary of the norm, you can tell about:
- ignition processes in the body;
- infections of the organs of the urogenital system;
- pyelonephritis, caused by a mechanical infusion of the fetus during growth;
- pіzny gestosis.
Follow-up blood tests, including SOEs, should be carried out at least 4 times during the gestational period. Take away the results to help determine the presence of obstetric complications in early period and I will become an adequate likuvalny correction.
Methods of designing SHOE
The appointment of SOE is carried out by dekilcom methods. On the territory of our country, like before, a popular method, proponing 1924 r. T.P. Panchenkov. And behind the cordon, the vicorists use the Westergren method, which was born in 1977. recognized by the International Committee for Standardization in Hematology (ICSH) standard. Westergren's method was supplemented by the Australian hematologist Vintrobe. Europe and Israel rely on the Wintrobe method, and in America they use the Wintrobe method. What are the ways of doing this?
SHOE beyond Panchenkov
This method has been victorious over 90 years for the designation of SOE. For the completion of the vicorist, capillary blood. Dilute with sodium citrate and place in a glass tube with an empty inner diameter of 1 mm.
Simplicity and cheapness of the method do not compensate for the power of the shortcomings:
- the impossibility of standardizing the method through the influx of external factors (capillary purity, dilution rate, sodium citrate quality);
- technical problems with capillary blood withdrawal (blood hemorrhage with clenched fingers);
- impossibility to reach the ideal internal surface and cleanliness of the capillary with bagatoria vicarious.
The column, which is victorious during analysis, has a length of 100 mm and is graduated with a cut between the marks of 1 mm. Due to the small volume of blood in the capillaries, it is not possible to save, which is a great shortfall in screening. In addition, the accuracy of the result is influenced by too many factors, which do not allow standardizing the method.
SHOE according to Westergren
When RVE is designated according to Westergren, a full blood vein is victorious. The length of the capillary is being lifted - it will become 200 mm. In the zone of high values of SHOE in pokazniki according to Westergren and Panchenkov є vіdminnostі. So, for example, 70 mm / year for Panchenkova is approximately 100 mm / year for Westergren.
Regardless of the great accuracy of the Westergren method, there are also a number of shortcomings:
- impossibility to win blood for other analyses, so like blood for global analysis that doslіdzhennya SHOE is prepared in a different way;
- the hour of the event becomes 1:00;
- high (18.3%) variability of results;
- the impossibility of automating the process.
Z urahuvannyam tsikh nedolіkіv Vіntrobe having thoroughly completed the method of Westergren.
SHOE according to Vintrob
After the Wintrobe method, blood is taken from the vein, but the quantity is smaller, lower with the Westergren method, the column shards are not 200 mm, but 100 mm. The Alecia method greatly underestimates the result, both in low indicators and in the region of high ones. So, for example, in the tables indicated, the indicators of analysis blood SHOE, the norm for different scales:
Therefore, it is necessary to guess for the indications of the SOE, by which method the investigation was carried out.
Although the methods of Panchenkov and Westergren can be compared with the results in the range of norms, the method of Vintrobe gives indications that are not comparable with the two previous methods.
In the 90s of the last century, automatic analyzers were developed to translate the result of bagatora-like tests of the optical thickening of blood samples to the Westergreen scale. This method does not have a lot of shortcomings, and moreover, it includes the infusion of the human factor.
Illness, in case of which there is an increase in SHOE in the blood
Nine diagnostic value of the method of assigning SOE for various pathological processes is reviewed.
Ale, for now, the increase in the value of SHOE is an indicator of such illnesses, like:
1. infections caused by various pathological agents:
- bacteria (tuberculosis, infections of the sechostatic system, infection of the upper and lower dyhal channels);
- viruses (viral hepatitis);
- fungal infections that affect internal organs;
2. evil infestation:
- malignant pathology of the blood;
- evil neoplasms of various organs;
3. rheumatological disease (arteritis, rheumatism, rheumatoid arthritis, polymyalgia rheumatica);
4. injuries with suppuration and intoxication;
5. immune disease I will become;
6. systemic disease of healthy tissue (systemic worm-eater, systemic sclerosis, dermatomyositis);
7. pathologies of nirok (glomerulonephritis, pyelonephritis, nirkov deficiency, MCL);
8. endocrine disease (blood diabetes, hyper- or hypofunction of the thyroid gland);
9. Other countries:
- ignition: ShKT, organic empty mouth, ENT organs, small pelvis, veins of the lower veins;
- become after operational vtruchannya;
- anemia;
- sarcoidosis;
- allergic reaction;
- Epilepsy.
However, the development of SHOE is not a symptom of a pathological process.
If the sbilshennya SOE can be taken careless?
The crime of overexposure is greater than the physical and physiological factors that are added to the speed of the SOE, you can create signs:
- human factor (pardon and incompetence of a laboratory assistant);
- vikoristanny of non-acidic reagents;
- nedotrimannya rules of preparation before analyziv:
- priyom їzhi before blood sampling;
- intense physical activity;
- taking hormonal or other preparations;
- Trivale disruption of the food and nutrition regime (starvation, suvori diet, starvation);
- change of gas and lipid blood type.
