Transparency is povna at the Sich. Deciphering the indications of the secret analysis of the section
The results of the analysis of the section, carried out on modern medical analyzers, can not be disassembled without special knowledge: some English letters without explanation. Below, the decoding of the "unreasonable letters" themselves is directed, and so the very norm of that chi іnshoy ostentatious.
BLd - erythrocytes,
Bil-bіlіrubіn,
Uro - sechovin,
KET ketone,
PRO protein,
NIT - nitrite (in the most significant - bacteriuria),
GLU - glucose,
pH - acidity,
S.G - strength,
LEU - leukocytes,
UBG - urobilinogen.
Erythrocytes
-erythrocytes in the section due to but and daily. For the obviousness of obov'yazkovo repeated analysis, caution. The section of a woman can avenge blood, which she drank there during the menstrual period, which gives the presence of erythrocytes in the section. It is acceptable to have more than 1-2 erythrocytes in zoru. An increase in the number of erythrocytes in the section has hematuria. Її causes of attack: bleeding in the sich paths, swelling, stone nirok and sechovodіv, fuses
Bіlіrubіn
-bіlіrubіn at the norm_ in the section is practically daily. Appears in parenchymal lesions of the liver ( viral hepatitis), mechanical (sub-hepatic) zhovtyanitsі, cirrhosis, cholestasis. In case of hemolytic zhovtyanitsy, the sound of bilirubin should not be avenged. It is necessary to note that only direct (covering) bilirubin is seen in the section.
Ketoni
- The presence of ketone bodies in the cross section (acetone) is normal during the day, when ketone bodies are detected, blood diabetes, starvation, carbohydrate intake, hyperinsulism can be allowed. Blame for intensive staining of fat reserves in the body. Silent to respect, who is thinner and hungry! - can lead to hyperglycemic Komi. Actually, 20-50 mg of ketone bodies (acetone, acetooacetic acid, beta-hydroxybutyric acid) are seen in the cross section, but stinks are not seen in single portions. Therefore, it is important that the norm in the infamous analysis of the section may have buti ketone bodies.
Bіlok
- The presence of protein in the section (normally the protein is daily) is a sign of the pathology of nirok, the protein is consumed in the section with pyelonephritis, nephrotic syndrome, amyloid dose of nirok. The protein in the section can appear from the sebaceous paths and state organs in case of inflammation, with cystitis, vulvovaginitis, prostate adenoma - in these cases, it should not be more than 1 g / l. As a slashing woman during the period of vagity, to avenge proteins, it may be a sign of nephropathy of the vagitis. At the norm, there is not enough white in the section of the flooring, which can only be determined by oversensitive methods. In some cases, traces of the white are counted, however, the cordon camp and require detailed engraving. On the right, in what follows the protein is acceptable, and only less so in single analyses.
Nitriti (bacteriuria)
- Bacteria in the cross section are normal per day or are found in a small amount. At healthy people the section at nirkah and section mіkhurі is sterile. When sechovipkannі up to it, microbes are consumed from the lower part of the urethra, but their quantity is not more than 10,000 in 1 ml. Therefore, it is important that the bacteria are normal in the general analysis of the section during the day. A lot of bacteria can be associated with infection of sich paths. The presence of bacteria to talk about infection of the sechostatic system, cystitis, nephritis.
Glucose
- in the norm, one is guilty of buti daily, for the presence of glucose in the section, it is possible to suspect the manifestation of circulatory diabetes, great number in carbohydrates from the same, hostile pancreatitis.
Acidity
- Nirks improve blood pH 5.0-6.0 - slightly acidic reaction. At a pH greater than 7, it is possible to allow hyperkalemia, thyroid dysfunction, infection of the system of vision, at a pH less than 5 - hypokalemia, bloody diabetes, sechokam'yanu ailment, nirkov insufficiency.
Gustina
- if the blood pressure is over 1030, it is possible to admit the presence of glucose (blood diabetes), protein (glomerulonephritis), if the blood pressure is less than 1010 - nirkov insufficiency, damage to the nirk tubules. Oskіlki schіlnіst sechі to lay іlkostі vіpitoyї vody, tsey pokaznіk nemaє іstotnoії tsіnnostі in diagnosіtsі.
Leukocytes
- Movement of leukocytes in the community is called leukocyturia, it is also an indication of nephritis and urethritis. Tsei camp is indicated in case of various ignition diseases of the sieve system. Too pronounced leukocyturia, if the number of these cells exceeds 60 in the morning, it is called pyuria. Practically all infections of the nirok and sichovovidnoy system move instead of leukocytes in the sich.
Urobilinogen
-It is normal to retaliate following urobilinogen. Rhubarb grows sharply in case of hemolytic zhovtyanitsy (intravascular erythrocytic collapse), as well as in case of toxic and inflammatory lesions of the liver, intestinal ailments (enteritis, constipation). In case of subhepatic (mechanical) zhovtyanitsy, if there is evidence of obstruction of the zhovchnoy duct, urobilinogen in the section is daily. The urobilinogen is absorbed from direct bilirubin, as seen in the liver, in the small intestine. That is why the appearance of urobilinogen is a reliable sign of adhering to the intestines.
Below is also a table of the value of the analysis of the section at the norm:
| Result | |
| Number of sections for analysis | The value cannot be |
| Color section | Solom'yano-zhovty |
| Clarity of the Sich | Prozora |
| Smech | Non-sharp, non-specific |
| Reaction section or pH | Acid, pH less than 7 |
| Pitoma vaga sich | 1,018 and more for a rank portion |
| Bilok at the Sich | daily |
| Ketone bodies near the Sich | Weekday |
| Bilirubin at the Sich | daily |
| Urobilinogen in the Sich | 5-10 mg/l |
| Hemoglobin in the section | daily |
| Erythrocytes at the Sich (microscopy) | 0-3 for women 0-1 at the field of view for people |
| Leukocytes in the section (microscopy) | 0–6 for females 0–3 for females people |
| Epithelial cells near the Sich Cream of the wicked... 2. The color of the cross section is normally kolivaetsya in the form of light yellow to deep yellow. Zabarvlennya sechі to fall in vіd vіstu at nіy pigmentіv: urochrome, uroerythrin. The intensity of the color of the section to fall in the number of seen sections and її parts. The section of the thick yellow color is concentrated, it is seen in a small amount and may be high to the pet vag. Even the light of the battle is little concentrated; So the color of the section can be from green-yellow to the color of “beer” due to the presence of zhovchnyh pigments, the color of “meat smells” - from the house of blood, hemoglobin. The color of the section changes according to the acceptance of certain medicinal properties: chervonium against the background of the reception of rifampicin, pyramidone; dark brown chi black through the intake of naphthol. 3. The transparency of the section. The norm has a fresh cut of clarity. Establish such gradations of designation of the transparency of the section: povna, not povna, kalamutna. Turbidity can be clouded by the presence of erythrocytes, leukocytes, epithelium, bacteria, fatty droplets, falling into the siege of salts. In vipadkah, if the cutting is calamity, then there is a sound, if you see it in the same place as a calamity, otherwise it is cloudy after a day of standing. 4. The smell of the section. Fresh cut is not possible unacceptable smell. The diagnostic value of the smell of the sech is not enough. 5. Pitoma vaga sich in a healthy person, a protyag can be done in a wide range, which is associated with a periodic intake of hedgehogs and a second dose of sweat and repeat, which is seen. The norm of the pet vaga section is healthy 1012-1025. Pitoma vaga sechі to lay a kіlkostі razchinenih nіy rechovina: sechovina, sich acid, creatinine, salts. The change in the part of the section (hypostenuria) up to 1005-1010 is indicative of a decrease in the concentration of buildings, polyuria, cassock. Repeated indications of the pet's vagina below 1.017-1.018 (less than 1.012-1.015, especially less than 1.010) in one-time analyzes are to alert for pyelonephritis. If it happens with post-mortem nocturia, then the progression of chronic pyelonephritis increases. The most reliable test of Zimnitsky, as it reveals a rozkid pokaznikiv in the section of the cross section with a stretch of doby (8 servings). Movement of the pet's vagina (hyperstenuria) greater than 1030 is associated with oligouria, in patients with glomerulonephritis, and with cardiovascular insufficiency. In case of polyuria of the temple of pet vaga, it is characteristic of circulatory diabetes (with massive glucosuria of pet vaga, it can reach 1040-1050). 6. Epithelial cells in the Sich. At the siege of the siege, cells of the epithelium are practically trapped. Normally, in general analysis, the section has no more than 10 epithelial cells in the field of view. 7. Cyl_ndri - normal daily. Cylinders, like vyyavlyayut at the section, є blkovy kіtinnymi utvorennya tubular pozhennia, scho mayut the shape of the cylinders. Distinguish hyaline, granular, waxy, epithelial, erythrocytic, pigmented, leukocyte cylinders. The appearance of a large number of different cylinders (cylindruria) is likely to occur with organic lesions of the kidneys (nephritis, nephrosis), with infectious diseases, stagnant diarrhea, acidosis. The cylinder is a symptom of damage to nirok, which is always accompanied by the presence of protein and nirkovy epithelium in the section. There is no special diagnostic value for the type of cylinders. 8. Salt in section. Unorganized litter falls are formed from salts, which fell into a siege at the sight of crystals and amorphous masses. The stinks of falling siege at a great concentration fallow in the reaction of the section. At the sour section, crystals of sich acid, oxalic acid vapne - oxalaturia are streaked. There is no special diagnostic value of non-organization of sieges. By the way, one can judge about the schilnist to sechokam'yanoї ailments. 9. Cutting on fungi of the genus Candida. It is selected after the toilet of the state of the organs from the sterile dishes. Mushrooms - parts of baggies of pikhvi, yakі can be consumed in sich mikhur. Їx manifestation is not obov'yazkovo є indicative before antifungal therapy. |
Leather from us bachiv his battle more than once and instantly appreciate the color and clarity. Skіlki yaskravih vrazhen vinikaє in the form of a calamity slaughter, a slaughter of a color of blood. The greater part of us, having started the black battle or falling a fair siege, turns to the doctor. Even if it’s low serious illnesses, do not bring changes to the sight visible to the eye, for the detection of these changes, you need microscopic and biochemical studies of the cut.
At the norm, the section can change its color - from barless ("cut like water") or strawy yellow to dark yellow ("color of beer"). Zhovtiznu sechi give pigments urochromia, yakі utvoryuyutsya in the body and seen from the section. As the concentration of urochromes in the temple, then the color of the section is densely yellow, as it is low, without a bar, or light yellow. No matter how you guess, with an increase in volume, the concentration of urochromes decreases, the stench is diluted great kіlkistyu sechі, and ta staє svіtlіshoy (tse buvaє in the norm after a well-dressed drink, and also in the cold season of rock, if you spend your rіdini with a shkiroy it is lowered and the rіdina is seen at a great number of іz sich; before speech, from tsіy єї for reasons in winter we see the section - diuresis - higher, lower at summer).
With a change in obsyagu section, navpaki, the concentration of urochromium is increased, and the section is more intense. Therefore, in greater vipadkіv, as your slaughter often becomes yellow or richly yellow, think about how little you save your homeland. And as a slash often becomes a clear-cut - chi is not required to be surrounded by the reception of a homeland.
Ale yakby, everything was so simple. Deyakі zahvoryuvannya prizvodut before the appearance of a dark-colored section. They are known to be zhovtyanitsy, caused by hepatitis (inflamed liver), cirrhosis of the liver (non-reversible microstructure of the liver with molding fibrosis).
Barbarous slaughter can be an early sign of chronic nirkov deficiency. This is explained by the low concentration of cross section in nirkah. Bezbarvna slash zustrichaetsya in case of ailments, which are accompanied by a rise in sprague and a clear intake of radinia (polydipsia), and therefore, polyuria. Before such, one can see bloody diabetes, non-healing diabetes (if you get sick, you can save up to 10-15 liters for good) thinly.
Do not call out the daily sums, that the slash is not guilty of being in the norm of red or erysipelas, and definitely not guilty of blood clot revenge. Like you have blackened the slaughter, it brought for the term training to the doctor. In some vipadkah, the slaughter can be redundant in the past, to the reception of some lyric words and chemical speeches, and not mothers of nirok. Tsey becomes drunk with pseudohematuria. In this way, after seeing the colors of the section, they normalize and do not blame any other consequences for the body.
It is logical to assume that this is pseudohematuria, that it is hematuria (in translation from walnut - “crooked section”). The cross-sections of red blood were tied with the appearance of a large number of red blood cells - erythrocytes. In case of hematuria, the doctor always prescribes a great change of obstezhen, shards of truth are found among the great number of possible causes of development. Let's change the main ones:
- defect in the development of sich paths,
- puhlin nirka, sechovod, front vine, sich mikhura or sichovypuschnogo canal,
- myocardial infarction.
Women are not guilty of forgetting that the first hour of menstruation is not chosen for analysis. In the extreme case, in case of acute need, for the collection of the section, it is necessary to remove the section catheter, or else to select the section after that, as a hygienic tampon of insertions in the penis, and a hygienic processing of the external organs was carried out.
The section is more calamous most of all in the event of crystallization of salts, the concentration of which may have other causes. Quite often, a calamity cut is guarded against with acute pyelonephritis, if a large amount of mucus and rot is seen in the cut.
The manifestation of pus in the section during microscopy, which consists of leukocytes (more blood cells, which kill the function), is a sign of pathology. Most often, leukocytes are seen in gostrih and chronic microbial inflammatory diseases of the organs of the sieve system. As a result of breaking the rules, part of the leukocytes and bacteria from the vulva in women and from the preputial bear in people can be consumed in the fight, having created the result of the analysis. It is also important for him to understand the rules for the selection of the sect.
The human body is a folding mechanism. One of the most important functions is secession. Zavdyaks to this process, the organism is allowed too much water. Behind the color, that smell of urine can be suspected of deyaki zahvoryuvannya people. Chi is the norm, how do people see the vision of cutting? After remembering this change, a lot of patients will be taken in a flash, hurry to the doctor. Chi deyno znebarvlennya sich - led to beat on a flash, or tsey camp є normal, next look at the report.
In some ways, they turn to the doctor
A healthy person has a strawy-yellow color without clouding that house. It is so zabarvlennya to fall in the form of zhovchnyh pigments, which they try at the sich at the most important kilkost. Sometimes people become blind. At the same time, different reasons are added. Urinary incontinence is associated with frequent sechovipkanni. With this, you won’t get caught up in the sich mіhuri, you won’t get saturated with yellow pigments. Somehow this is a manifestation for the people, for they live in a great number of motherland, kawi, tea.
What is the next respect for:
- bad, if the product has a licorice smell and bright smell. Tse z great ymovirnіstyu to speak about the presence of circulatory diabetes. It is recommended for the patient to spend 10-14 days living in the middle of the country, then review the sights. If the urine is so light, it is important to go through obstezhennya;
- light cutting that licorice smell can also be evidence of the current pregnancy;
- More often than not, we often talk about the shortage of home, znevodnennya. Tse means that you should look over your dietary regimen, increase the amount of native land that you get used to;
- an intense yellow tinge - a sign of too much vitamin;
- red or burgundy urine is indicated after the introduction of certain products (beetroot, shovkovytsia, red juices). As if a person did not get used to such a life, but the sights may be similar to the zabarvlennya, following the obov'yazkovo building of the analysis.
With a timely change in the color of urine, it is not varto to beat on flashes and run to the doctor. If the product has a permanent character, it is accompanied by other manifestations (pain, liver, snake smell), it is important to make an appointment before fahivtsya, go through laboratory follow-up.
When you see yourself, change the color, number of sections, which you see, or other signs, it is important to turn for medical advice
Reasons for changing the color of urine
As if the urine had changed, for no apparent reason, it was followed by obstruction with a method of preventing serious injuries. Such innocent signs, like znebarvlennya, change of sight, filthy smell, are often indicative of a serious pathology of the body. The provocative factors of the barbarous sect among women, people and children can be as violent as they are irritated.
Before severe pathologies, which call for changes in the product of vision, one should add:
- nirkov's insufficiency - due to the legacy of damage to the functioning of nirok;
- sucrose and non-succession diabetes - sickness affects the non-gay medical treatment, shards carry a serious risk for the health and life of the patient;
- sechokam'yanu khvorobu - which are characterized by the formation of stones at nirkakh of different shapes and sizes;
- pathology of sich paths;
- hepatitis - liver disease of an igniting nature, more important than a viral attack;
- liver dysfunction.
The above descriptions of the illness are diagnosed with the help of laboratory analyzes and other diagnostic methods.
Important! For a successful examination of pathologies, it is important to diagnose the illness of a yakomog earlier. Tse dopomozhe at a lіkuvannі, turn on the aggravation.
The color of the section in children
Bezbarvna slaughter in a child of the chest is considered the norm, so that children take away less mother's milk chi sumish. For a long time, the color of urine becomes yellow, which is indicative of the normal functioning of the sechovivid system. Before the doctor, the next thing was that the product of the sight of the yellow was transformed into a bezbarvny, with which the dietary regimen of that eating of the little one did not change. In some cases, the cutting of a child is declared to be a drug taken by a doctor. Tse timchasovy yishche, pass independently without medication. Laboratory investigations, recognized as a doctor, will help to clarify why the cutting is painless, what is sick in a child.
Possible reasons for women
Crimium nirk deficiency and other ailments to the body, in women, cutting openness like water, you can talk about the present vagity. It is explained by the change in the balance of hormones in the body. Under the hour of toxicosis, rich mothers live in a large number of people, which is also the reason for changing the appearance of the product.
During the period of winemaking, the child of vision does not have to talk about the manifestation of pathology, often the problem is associated with eating.
Another provocative factor is changing the sight and appearance of clear cuts at the hour of winemaking for children, who are suffering from chronic illnesses and cuts and cuts.
Women are more capable of such a pathology as sucrose diabetes. One of the reasons for changing the type of urine is the disease itself.
Provocative factors for people
On the transparency of the cross section and її color among people, a lot of factors are poured in. Urine was often evidence of such a peculiarity, as if sperm had entered the sieve canal. As if after a few years of the next day, it becomes immutable, do not boast. The situation is different in case of permanent urinary incontinence. Crimson, to the point of human illness, to provoke a change in the color of the product seen, to bring on blood diabetes, nirkov deficiency, the ignition process in the organs of the sechovipropulsion.
Satellite signs
Krim vіdtіnku sichі, great respect in the laboratory doslіdzhennі zvetayut on such a sign, like the clearness of urine is not clear. Tse help in making a diagnosis, even if you are ill. The turbid nature of the urine testifies to the presence of disease-causing bacteria in the organs of the sebaceous system. It is often impolite to talk about the lack of intimate hygiene, the rise of leukocytes, the epithelial cells and others.
A change in the smell at the bottom of a barless cross section is another reason for going to the doctor. Divny, sharp, offensive odor the product in women and people often talk about ailments duct-intestinal tract, infectious diseases of the sichovovidnoy system
Shelter at the sich is a bad sign that indicates internal bleeding of nirok or sich mihur. With the appearance of the tsієї, the signs follow negainoly turn to the likarni.
What is Robity
For the establishment of the cause of illness, not addicted to food and dietary regimen, the building of the analysis should be re-run medical look. Therapy in your own life should be based on the diagnosis made. In case of ailments, patients are prescribed drug therapy, which includes the following:
- spasmolytic diseases (Drotaverin, Mebeverin, No-shpa);
- analgesics (Ibuprofen, Indomethacin);
- antiseptic preparations (Morphocycline, metacycline);
- diuretics - sechoginnі likki (Furosemіd, Aldakton);
- preparations, rozchinniki kaminnya - are prescribed for approved stones in nirkah (Ciston, Canephron, Cystenal).
Important! Medicamentous therapy is based strictly on the doctor's prescription, self-administration of drugs in the region is not safe for health.
In case of diabetes mellitus, there will be faces that you can take revenge on insulin, or make sure that you take this natural vibration. Patients with circulatory diabetes are shown a strict diet. Eating includes fatty, greased, gostra, smoked hedgehog. Smoked cowbass, lard, gostri spices, spices, chocolate, cocoa, and alcohol have been harvested. Recommended diet, which includes cereals, vegetables, fruits, dairy products, herbal teas, juices.
Dotrimannya proper eating is one of the methods of therapy for ailments
When the water-salt balance is disturbed, people can vibrate too much water. As a result of this appearance, the urine becomes a gap and a barbless one.
I will become a likuvannya of such a step in the offensive:
- Correction of the nutritional regime.
- Vinyatok from їzhi sechoginnyh produktіv.
- Salt exchange.
- Supply of the body with the necessary vitamins and minerals.
- Therapy of concomitant illnesses.
Visnovok and prevention
Znebarvlennya koloru sechі zavzhdi vystupaє a signal of serious destruction. In some cases, indicators of urine change through the introduction of the same products of eating, nourishing the regime of people and other factors. To prevent diseases, to provoke a change in the characteristics of the section, follow the rules of intimate hygiene, at the same time exult in infectious diseases, go through regular preventive checks, do eat properly that daily routine.
Color section
The color of the cross section, in the case of a wild analysis, is a mental display, which should lie in the fence at the right time, living in the song of the їzhi and likіv. In the norm, the cutting of healthy people can be prozora and mothers of straw and yellow color. The intensity of the color of the section to fall in the number of seen sections and її parts.
The color of the section changes according to the acceptance of certain medicinal properties: chervonium against the background of the reception of rifampicin, pyramidone; dark brown chi black through the intake of naphthol.
It’s like cutting a lot of colors of mint tea or dark beer, ymovirno, є liver disease or zhovchny mikhur; chervoniy vіdtinok cutting nabuvaє with glomerulonephritis (cutting the color of meat pomiїv); postiyno bezbarvna or weakly-zhovta cutting - a symptom of neglected sechokam'yanoї ailments, or the result of polyuria with cuts in diabetes.
Clarity of the Sich
The norm has a fresh cut of clarity. Establish such gradations of designation of the transparency of the section: povna, not povna, kalamutna.
Turbidity can be clouded by the presence of erythrocytes, leukocytes, epithelium, bacteria, fatty droplets, falling into the siege of salts. In vipadkah, if the cutting is calamity, then there is a sound, if you see it in the same place as a calamity, otherwise it is cloudy after a day of standing.
The turbidity of the section, which is seen without delay after the discharge, is deposited in the presence of pathological elements: leukocytes (pus), bacteria or phosphates. In the first fluke, like sometimes with bacteriuria, the calamut does not pass either after the heating, or after the relay filtration section. Turbidity, caused by the presence of phosphates, is due to the addition of optic acid. Cutting buvay kalamutno-milky color with khіlurії, scho in deykih vipadki poserіgaєtsya in osіb frail age.
The turbidity, which settles when the battle is standing, is most often deposited in the form of urates, and it clears up when heated. With a significant amount of urates, the rest fall into a siege, and the yellowish-brown or horn color changes.
Smech
Fresh cut does not have an unpleasant smell. The diagnostic value of the smell of the sech is not enough.
The smell of ammonia in the fresh section is associated with cystitis after wandering.
With gangrenous processes in the sieve paths, zocrema in the sieve mіkhur, slashing a rotten smell.
The fecal smell of the slaughter can make you think about the possibility of a vesicorectal fistula.
The smell of unripe apples and fruits is a sign of diabetes through the presence of acetone.
A sharp, stinking smell fills up the fray when living in the hives of a watchmaker.
Pitoma vaga sich (shіlnіst)
Pitoma vaga - the upper boundary of the display global analysis sections in healthy people - 1.028 (in children up to 4 years old - 1.025), lower boundary - 1.003-1.004. Pitoma vaga is higher than the norm in case of oliguria (changed vision of the section), toxicosis of the vagina, ingestion of deacin liki, great consumption or insufficient survival of the radinin, glomerulonephritis, nephrotic syndrome, uncontrolled circulatory diabetes, liver disease. Lower than the norm, this indication can be with the use of sechoginal preparations, chronic nirk deficiency, acute damage to nirk tubules, and rosy drink.
If the blood pressure is over 1030, it is possible to admit the presence of glucose (blood diabetes), protein (glomerulonephritis), if the blood pressure is less than 1010 - nirk deficiency, damage to the nirk tubules. Oskіlki schіlnіst sechі to lay іlkostі vіpitoyї vody, tsey pokaznіk nemє istotnoї tsіnnostі in the diagnosis of a single sample.
The most reliable test of Zimnitsky, as it reveals a rozkid pokaznikiv in the section of the cross section with a stretch of doby (8 servings).
Protein in the section (proteinuria)
Bіlok at the sich - in the norm is to blame buti vіdsutnіm. The concentration of the protein can be overestimated by 0.033 g/l. The re-visitation of the equal may be evidence of the presence of nephrotic syndrome, the ignition process and other pathological states.
The presence of protein in the section - proteinuria can be caused by physiological conditions (overcooling, after increased physical pressure), or pathological (sickness of nirok and sichway paths, GRZ and in.). The protein in the section appears in case of inflammation of the sectional paths, cystitis, vulvovaginitis, prostate adenoma - in these cases, it sounds no more than 1 g / l.
The presence of a large amount of protein in the Sich sounds like a symptom of some kind of illness. Protein in the sich is higher than the norm and occurs with acute and chronic pyelonephritis and glomerulonephritis, inflamed sich paths (cystitis, urethritis), amyloid doses of nirok, puffy sich paths, tuberculosis nirok, as well as with ailments that are accompanied high temperature, severe heart failure, hypertensive illness and other illnesses
As a slashing woman during the period of vagity, to avenge proteins, it may be a sign of nephropathy of the vagitis.
Bilirubin at the Sich
Bіlіrubіn іn the Sich іn normі practically daily. The reasons for the appearance of bilirubin in the section may be an increase in the breakdown of hemoglobin (hemolytic anemia, rozmoktuvannya great hematomas), liver infection or impaired function, the result of toxic speech (alcohol, infectious toxins) and other factors. Bilirubin appears in parenchymal lesions of the liver (viral hepatitis), mechanical (subhepatic) zhovtyanitsy, cirrhosis, cholestasis. In case of hemolytic zhovtyanitsy, the sound of bilirubin should not be avenged. It is necessary to note that only direct (covering) bilirubin is seen in the section.
Urobilinogen
At the norm, the cross section should be followed by urobilinogen. Rhubarb grows sharply in case of hemolytic zhovtyanitsy (intravascular erythrocytic collapse), as well as in case of toxic and inflammatory lesions of the liver, intestinal ailments (enteritis, constipation). In case of subhepatic (mechanical) zhovtyanitsy, if there is evidence of obstruction of the zhovchnoy duct, urobilinogen in the section is daily. The urobilinogen is absorbed from direct bilirubin, as seen in the liver, in the small intestine. That is why the appearance of urobilinogen is a reliable sign of adhering to the intestines.
Nitriti (bacteriuria)
Bacteria in the section are normal during the day, or they are found in a small number. In healthy people, cutting in nirkah is sterile for cutting fur. When sechovipkannі up to it, microbes are consumed from the lower part of the urethra, but their quantity is not more than 10,000 in 1 ml. Therefore, it is important that the bacteria are normal in the general analysis of the section during the day.
A lot of bacteria can be associated with infection of sich paths. The presence of bacteria to talk about infection of the sechostatic system, cystitis, nephritis.
Leukocytes in the section
Leukocytes in a section of healthy people are found in a small number (in humans 0-3, in women and children 0-6 leukocytes in the field of view when examined under a microscope).
An increase in the number of leukocytes in the section indicates the ignition processes in the nirks (hostria or chronic pyelonephritis, glomerulonephritis) or the sebaceous paths (cystitis, urethritis). Also, leukocytes in the section can be elevated in case of prostatitis, stones in the section, and other illnesses.
The movement of leukocytes in the section is called leukocyturia. Tsei camp is indicated in case of various ignition diseases of the sieve system. Too pronounced leukocyturia, if the number of these cells exceeds 60 in the morning, it is called pyuria. Practically all infections of the nirok and sichovovidnoy system move instead of leukocytes in the sich.
Erythrocytes at the Sich
Erythrocytes in the cross section should not be more than normal: 0-3 in half-time for women, 0-1 in half-time for men.
Erythrocytes can be promoted (hematuria) through infectious diseases of the mucosal pathways (for example, with cystitis), hemorrhagic diathesis (thrombocytopenia, intolerance to anticoagulant therapy, etc.), septicemia, glomerulonephritis, p.
Also, erythrocytes in the section can be increased after injuries of the skin, with arterial hypertension, blasted with bruised rhechovina. The section of a woman can avenge blood, which she drank there during the menstrual period, which gives an increase in the presence of erythrocytes in the section.
Ketone bodies near the Sich
Ketone bodies - acetone, acetoacetate and beta-hydroxybutyric acid. Appearing in the section of ketones can be a symptom of diabetes, severe pancreatitis, severe starvation, diets for weight loss, dietary intake of carbohydrates.
Blame for intensive staining of fat reserves in the body. (To respect to lose weight and starve!)
Actually, 20-50 mg of ketone bodies (acetone, acetooacetic acid, beta-hydroxybutyric acid) are seen in the cross section, but stinks are not seen in single portions. Therefore, it is important that the norm in the infamous analysis of the section may have buti ketone bodies.
Also, beware of acetemic vomiting in children of the early age (in case of infectious diseases, carbohydrate starvation, malnutrition), glycogen ailment, thyrotoxicosis and other ailments.
Glucose(tsukor at the Sich)
Zukor in the section is normally responsible for buti daily, for the presence of glucose in the section, one can suspect the manifestation of circulatory diabetes, taking a large amount of carbohydrates from the liver, hostile pancreatitis.
Acidity of the section
Normally, the section may have a weakly acid reaction. The normal pH value is no more than blood 6.2-6.8 - slightly acidic reaction. However, if you stretch the acidity of the cross section, it can be very kolivatsya (from 5 to 7), which is not a sign of any kind of illness and is associated with the diet of eating.
Oznakoyu pathology є stіyke trivale zsuv pH section in that chi іnshiy bіk. At a pH greater than 7, it is possible to allow hyperkalemia, thyroid dysfunction, infection of the system of vision, at a pH less than 5 - hypokalemia, bloody diabetes, sechokam'yanu ailment (urati), nirkov deficiency.
Salt in section
Unorganized litter falls are formed from salts, which fell into a siege at the sight of crystals and amorphous masses. The stinks of falling siege at a great concentration fallow in the reaction of the section. In acidic acid crystals, crystals of sonic acid (urate) - uraturia, in neutral - oxalic acid vapna (oxalate) - oxalaturia, in puddles - phosphati. There is no special diagnostic value of non-organization of sieges. By the way, one can judge about the schilnist to sechokam'yanoy ailments and the presence of stones at nirkah.
Cylinders in section
Cylinders in cross section are within normal daily limits. Cylinders, like vyyavlyayut at the section, є blkovy kіtinnymi utvorennya tubular pozhennia, scho mayut the shape of the cylinders. Distinguish hyaline, granular, waxy, epithelial, erythrocytic, pigmented, leukocyte cylinders.
The appearance of a large number of different cylinders (cylindruria) is likely to occur with organic lesions of the kidneys (nephritis, nephrosis), with infectious diseases, stagnant diarrhea, acidosis. The cylinder is a symptom of damage to nirok, which is always accompanied by the presence of protein and nirkovy epithelium in the section. There is no special diagnostic value for the type of cylinders.
Epithelial cells near the Sich
At the siege of the siege, cells of the epithelium are practically trapped. Normally, in general analysis, the section has no more than 10 epithelial cells in the field of view.
Slime at the Sich
The mucus at the section is normal during the day. The presence of mucus in the section and the last immune response of the organism to the presence of the ignition process in nirks or sich paths.
Nayavnіst mucus in sechі vkazuє on protses vіdtorgnennya epіtelіalnih klіtin vnutrіshnoї poverhnі sechovivіdnih shlyahіv scho abo vіdbuvaєtsya in rezultatі їh travmuvannya at vіdhodzhennі kamіnnya that pіsku of nirok for sechovodom (at sechokam'yanіy hvorobі nirok) abo for nayavnostі bakterіalnoї іnfektsії (cystitis, pієlonefrit) , or with chronic autoimmune inflamed nirok (glomerulonephritis).
In addition, in women, mucus can be consumed in the slaughter of pikhvi if the analysis of the slaughter is incorrectly taken.
Plastіvtsі in section
Plastics in the section can be present in case of inflamed sieve paths (urethritis, cystitis, pyelonephritis) and clots of dead cells in the epithelium (mucus surface) and bent when treated with antibiotics of bacterial cells.
Pina at the Sich
Pina in the sich was only used by the people, as if sperm had consumed it to the sich paths.
Mushrooms at the Sich (mycosis)
Cutting on mushrooms of the genus "Candida" is picked up after the slaughter toilet of state organs from sterile dishes, shards of mushrooms are not rare inhabitants of the forest, they can eat up to the sieve mihur. Їx manifestation is not obov'yazkovo є indicative before antifungal therapy.
Crimean criminal analysis of the section in a number of vipadkivs is carried out biochemical analysis section, analysis of the section according to Nechiporenko and analysis of the additional section.
At the forms for the analysis of the section, there is a line “color” “transparency”. Modern laboratory possession can give a detailed description of your section, but for the color of the section itself, you can say a lot about a healthy patient. In the norm, the section of a healthy person, as a rule, is clear, straw-yano-zhovt.
The color of the section is normally explained by the presence of pigments: urobilin, urochrome, uroerythrin, hematoporphyrin. For more high pet thickness, the cut becomes larger than the rich color, with low values of the permeable thickness, it becomes mayzhe bezbarvnoy. In case of polyuria, gynecology, we will strengthen the dietary regimen, or by taking sechoginal preparations, or eating food products, the color becomes more abundant. A similar color scheme is typical for ailments with blood diabetes, chronic glomerulonephritis, chronic nirk deficiency. The color is also consumed by the use of medicinal preparations, vitamins (there may be bright yellow), food products (after living in the hedgehog, the cut often turns into an erysipelas color).
In new people, the bezbarvna section becomes burshtin-brown with physiological yellowing. In infants, the cut is always light, lower in grown-ups.
The dark color of the color is possible when the drink is cold, the sweat is heavy. Not a pathology, but it is called physiological hyperchromia. In pathological fluctuations, there is a flock of oversized color with oliguria after the disappearance of swelling in tissues, dyspepsia, likhomantsi. In case of severe erythrocyte decay (hemolytic anemia, blood transfusion not far away), the cutting becomes sharply hyperchromic brown or red-brown color. In case of acute glomerulonephritis or toxic octic acid (in this type of settlements, the breakdown of erythrocytes) is called “the color of meat pommies”.
The color of fresh blood is confusing due to the presence of a large number of erythrocytes in the section (bleeding with puddling of the section michur).
The green color of the cutting is swelled with zhovtyanitsy, obstructed by obstruction of the zhovchovidny ducts (the presence of stones, lamblia, puhlin). In this way, bilirubin, transforms into biliverdin green color, which is supposed to be a characteristic zabarvlennya section.
This is the name of the slaughter "colir of beer" - characteristic sign acute hepatitis. And the milky-white color gives a hint of fatty degeneration of nirk, stasis of lymph, presence of pus in the section or excess of phosphate salts.
transparency
The norm has a lot of transparency. When you stand still, you can make a light kalamutnya, which is a sign of pathology. Cloudy sections are explained by the presence of salts (urates, amorphous phosphates, oxalates), the presence of mucus, a large number of cellular elements (leukocytes, erythrocytes, epithelial cells), bacteria and fat droplets. The reason for the cloudiness will become clear when the siege of the section is completed under a microscope. In this way, the laboratory assistant says, what elements and in what quantity were revealed. So, even if the cut is small bіlu kalamut, then in the results on the form it can be assigned to the presence of phosphates, otherwise the “leukocytes” column will be written, for example, “successively in p / sp” (at polyzoru).
