Classicism in different types of art - presentation. Classicism in painting
Classicism
Artistic style European art the 14th - the beginning of the 19th century, one of the most important rices of any kind of early age to the forms of ancient art, like to an ideal, aesthetic, ethic standard. The principles of rationalistic philosophy, which lie at the basis of classicism, zoomed in on the theoreticians and practitioners of the classical style on the artistic side of the world, as if on the basis of reason and logic, which triumph over chaos and the simplicity of a sensitively accepted life.
In architecture under classicism, one understands the architectural style, extensions in Europe in the 18th century - the beginning of the 19th century, the head rice of which was early to the forms of ancient architecture, as to the standard of harmony, simplicity, boldness, logical clarity, monumentality and priming of spaciousness. The architecture of classicism in general is dominated by the regularity of planning and clarity bulk form. The order became the basis of the architectural style of classicism, in proportions and forms close to antiquity, symmetrical-axis composition, streamlined decorative decoration, a regular system of planning the place.
Queen's House (Queen's House - Queen's Budinok, 1616-1636 rocks) in Greenwich. Architect Inigo Jones.
Pashkіv budinok one of the most famous classical budіvel of Moscow. Designed by Vasil Bazhenov.
Classicism in architecture
Skhidny facade of the Louvre. Architect Claude Perrault. 1667 r .
Wilton House (Wilton House, Wiltshire), architect Inigo Jones.
Vandom square. Architect Jules Hardouin-Mansart.
Planning for the center of Paris. Andre Le Nôtre.
The works of Winckelmann and archeological excavations ancient places, which expanded the knowledge of contemporary people about ancient creation. On the borders of the baroque and classicism, such sculptors stumbled in France, like Pigal and Houdon. His greatest inspiration in the gallery of plastic art is reached by the heroic and idyllic robots of Antonio Canovi, who drew inspiration more importantly from the statues of the era of Hellenism (Praxiteles). In Russia Fedot Shubin, Mykhailo Kozlovsky, Boris Orlovsky, Ivan Martos were heavy to aesthetics of classicism.
- Antonio Canova. Cupid and Psyche(1787-1793, Paris, Louvre)
classicism in sculptures
Bertel Thorvaldsen. "Ganimed, who is the god of Zebes's eagle." 1817.
I.P. Martos. "Minіn ta Pozharsky". 1818. Chervona Square
Tsei malovnichiy directly became the absolute protilezhnistyu baroque. Vono is brimming with harmony and awareness. The main image of the style is the ancient norms of the beautiful and the foundation of the ideal, the power of renewal.
In the course of the reign of classicism, a specific hierarchy of genres is established. The high genre of painting is supported by historical, religious and mythological. Before the Low genre, portrait, still life and landscape can be seen. The stench zarakhovyutsya up to the butt genre, and less significant.
- Nicholas Poussin. Kingdom of Flory. 1630-1631
Classicism in painting
Jacques-Louis David. "The Oath of the Horacians". 1784.
Nicholas Poussin. "Dance for music at the hour" (1636).
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In Russia, classicism originated in the eighteenth century, after the reinvention of Peter I. Lomonosov carried out a reform of the Russian verse, the theory of “three calms” was broken up, as it became, in essence, an adaptation of the French classical rules to the Russian language. Form in classicism the addition of individual rice, the shards called out to us in front of the steps of the canopy, as if not to pass over the hour, the signs that appear as an instillation of social and spiritual forces. In Russia, classicism originated in the eighteenth century, after the reinvention of Peter I. Lomonosov carried out a reform of the Russian verse, the theory of “three calms” was broken up, as it became, in essence, an adaptation of the French classical rules to the Russian language. Form in classicism the addition of individual rice, the shards called out to us in front of the steps of the canopy, as if not to pass over the hour, the signs that appear as an instillation of social and spiritual forces. Classicism in Russia developed under the great influx of Enlightenment - the ideas of equivalence and justice were always at the focus of the respect of Russian writers-classicists. That is why in Russian classicism they took away the great development of the genre, which conveys the author's assessment of historical action: comedy (D. I. Fonvizin), satire (A. D. Kantemir), fable (A. P. Sumarokov, I. I. Khemnitser ), ode (Lomonosov, G. R. Derzhavin). V.L. Borovikovsky. Portrait of G.R. Derzhavіna At the link with Rousseau's call to closeness to nature and naturalness in the classicism of the end of the 18th century, crisis manifestations are growing; to change the absolutization of the mind, the cult of the lower senses comes - sentimentalism. The transition from classicism to pre-romanticism is best known in the German literature of the epoch "Storm and Onslaught", represented by the names of I. W. Goethe (1749-1832) and F. Schiller (1759-1805), like Rousseau, succumbed to the arts of the head force of the human being.
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Music The music period of classicism or music classicism is called the period of the development of European music approximately between the 1730s and 1820s. The understanding of classicism in music is strongly associated with the work of Haydn, Mozart and Beethoven, as they are called Vidensk classics and directly signified a distant development of musical composition. The concept of "music to classicism" is not the same as misunderstanding " classical music", what can be more wildly significant like the music of the past
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Classicism in art
Vikonala:
Kudryavtseva Natalia
Teacher of MBOU "ZOSh No. 4"
G. Kolpashev
Municipal establishment "Serednya skylight school No. 4". Grade 9 Classicism in art.
Zmist 1. Intro 2. Slide presentation on the topic "Classicism", Literature 9th grade. 3. Visnovok 4. List of Literature Introduction Classicism - (Latin classicus - clear), style that directly in literature and mysticism 17 - post. 19 century, who turned back to the ancient recession, like to the norm of that ideal image. Classicism culminated in the 17th century. at France. At 18 Art. classicism buv pov'yazany іz Enlightenment; Based on the ideas of philosophical rationalism, on the statements about the reasonable law of the world, about the beautiful ennobled nature, having sprung up the great suppleness of the zmist, the presentation of heroic and moral ideals, to the perfect organization of logical, clear harmonies. As a matter of fact, before the introduction of ethical ideas, the spiritual program of aesthetics, the aesthetics of classicism established a hierarchy of genres - "high" (tragedy, epic, ode, history, mythology, religious picture and so on) and "low" (comedy, satire, fable, genre painting, etc.). Literature (the tragedies of P. Corneille, J. Rasin, Voltaire, the comedies of Molière, the poem "Poetic Art" and the satire of N. Boileau, the tales of J. La Fontaine, the prose of F. La Rochefoucauld, J. Labruillere in France, the creativity of the Weimar period I. V .Goethe and F. Schiller in Germany, M.V. Lomonosov and G.R. Derzhavin, the tragedies of A.P. Sumarokov and Ya.B. For theatrical art(Mondori, Duparc, M. Chanmelet, A. L. Leken, F. J. Talma, Raschel in France, F. K. Neuber in Nimechchina, F. G. Volkov, I. A. Dmitrevsky in Russia) static device wistav, stable reading verse. AT musical theater heroism, normativeness and subordination to style, logical clarity of dramaturgy, dominance of recitative (operas by J. B. Lully in France) or vocal virtuosity in arias (Italian opera series), gentry simplicity and highness (reformist Gluka) were established. . Architecture to classicism (J. Hardouin-Mansart, J. A. Gabriel, K. N. Lloyd in France, K. Ren in England, V. I. Bazhenov, M. F. Kozakov, A. N. Voronikhin, A. D .Zakharov, K. I. Russia in Russia) with the same clarity and geometrism of forms, logical planning, smooth walls with order and streaming decor. Image-creating art (painters N. Poussin, C. Lorrain, J. L. David, J. O. D. Ingres, sculptors J. B. Pigal, E. M. Falcone in France, sculptors G. Shadov in Nimechi, Bi. Thorvaldsen in Dania, A. Canova in Italy, painters A. P. Losenka, G. I. Ugryumov, sculptors M. I. Kozlovsky, I. P. Martos in Russia) are inspired by the logical development of the plot, the clarity, the freshness of the composition. Literature (the tragedies of P. Corneille, J. Rasin, Voltaire, the comedies of Molière, the poem "Poetic Art" and the satire of N. Boileau, the tales of J. La Fontaine, the prose of F. La Rochefoucauld, J. Labruillere in France, the creativity of the Weimar period I. V .Goethe and F. Schiller in Germany, M.V. Lomonosov and G.R. Derzhavin, the tragedies of A.P. Sumarokov and Ya.B. For theatrical art (Mondori, Duparc, M. Chanmelet, A. L. Lequin, F. J. Talma, Rachel in France, F. K. Neiber in N_mechchina, F. G. Volkov, I. A. Dmitrivsky in Russia) characteristic of urochistia, static device of vistav, stable reading of verses. The musical theater has established heroism, normativeness and style, logical clarity of dramaturgy, dominance of recitative (operas by J. B. Lully in France), and vocal virtuosity in arias (Italian opera series), gentry simplicity and high-mindedness of the opera (reformers). Gluck in Austria). Architecture to classicism (J. Hardouin-Mansart, J. A. Gabriel, K. N. Lloyd in France, K. Ren in England, V. I. Bazhenov, M. F. Kozakov, A. N. Voronikhin, A. D .Zakharov, K. I. Russia in Russia) with the same clarity and geometrism of forms, logical planning, smooth walls with order and streaming decor. Image-creating art (painters N. Poussin, C. Lorrain, J. L. David, J. O. D. Ingres, sculptors J. B. Pigal, E. M. Falcone in France, sculptors G. Shadov in Nimechi, Bi. Thorvaldsen in Denmark, A. Canova in Italy, artists A. P. Losenko, G. I. Ugryumov, sculptor M. I. Kozlovsky, I. P. Martos in Russia) is reminiscent of the logical retelling of the plot, the clarity, the freshness of the composition. The practical significance of the fact that this material can be scored as an additional study material for an hour of lessons in literature, history, at the beginning of the class. Our media product on the topic "Classicism" will help us learn about the biographies of representatives of classicism, as well as learn about their creativity. It will be your own creative gift for the ninth graders. What is classicism? CLASSICISM (from the Latin classicus - razrakovy), the style is straight from the literature and the sciences of the 17th - the beginning of the 19th century, which turned back to the antique recession, like to the norm and the ideal style. Clawing at 17 Art. at France. Pragniv vіliti avtіlennya pro sensible law of the world, about the beautiful ennobled nature, heroic moral ideals . The founder of classicism in the musical theater was J.B. Lulli (creator of lyrical tragedy), draws classicism and baroque unification of the genre of opera series. The creativity of Voltaire, G.E. Lessing, I.V. Goethe and F. Schiller (1780 - 90 pp.); at the music - operas by K.V. Gluck; The apex stage in the development of musical classicism was the art of the Vidensk classical school. In Russia, the classicism (vineyard of the last quarter of the 18th century) of representations of the poetry of M.V. Lomonosov, G.R. Derzhavin, satyrs A.D. Cantemir, the tragedies of A.P. Sumarokova and Ya.B. Princess; in the Russian musical culture (together with other artistic directions) - the works of M.S. Berezovsky, D.S. Bortnyansky, E.I. Fomina and in. The normative aesthetics of classicism (the link of "rules" of poetics is given in N. Boileau's Poetic Mystery) punished the suvor with a hierarchy of genres ("high" - tragedy, epic, ode, historical, mythological, religious picture, and "low" - comedy, satire, fable, genre painting), one hour, month and day (in dramaturgy), current purism. Such great people, such as F. J. Haydn, W. A. Mozart, Ludwig van Beethoven, worked for a whole epoch. In Russia, the classicism (vineyard of the last quarter of the 18th century) of representations of the poetry of M.V. Lomonosov, G.R. Derzhavin, satyrs A.D. Cantemir, the tragedies of A.P. Sumarokova and Ya.B. Princess; in the Russian musical culture (together with other artistic directions) - the works of M.S. Berezovsky, D.S. Bortnyansky, E.I. Fomina and in. The normative aesthetics of classicism (the link of "rules" of poetics is given in N. Boileau's Poetic Mystery) punished the suvor with a hierarchy of genres ("high" - tragedy, epic, ode, historical, mythological, religious picture, and "low" - comedy, satire, fable, genre painting), one hour, month and day (in dramaturgy), current purism. Such great people, such as F. J. Haydn, W. A. Mozart, Ludwig van Beethoven, worked for a whole epoch. Classicism in Russian Literature CLASSICISM is one of the most important directives of the art of the past, the artistic style, the basis of which lies in normative aesthetics, which will require a strict upholding of low rules, canons, and unity. The rules of classicism are of paramount importance, as to ensure that they secure the head method of enlightening and instructing the public, savagely to high butts. Aesthetics of classicism exalted to the idealization of action, for the rahunok vіdmovi vіd izobrazhenya folded and rich-planned reality. Classicism establishes a hierarchy of genres for the suvor, as they are subdivided into high places (ode, tragedy, epic) and low ones (comedy, satire, fable). The leather genre may have a few signs, the zmishuvannya of which are not allowed. The most important norms of classicism are the same day, the time to cry out from the quiet change of mind, about which it was more. In order to more accurately convey to the viewer the thought that suffocate on self-identity, the author is not guilty of complicating anything. The main intrigue can be done with idle time, so that the spy does not stray and does not add to the picture of integrity. At the same time, the bula was connected with the unity of the day, and the tragedy did not have a lot of different podias. The day of the month was also slandered in a different way. Tse moment buti was the space of one palace, one room, one place, and navit vіdstan, like a hero of an instant podolat stretching for twenty years. The reformers were especially daring to stretch out the day for thirty years. The tragedy is due to the mother, five acts and buti was written in the Alexandrian verse (six-foot iambic). I praise the sight stronger, lower the voice, Ale those who can endure hearing, can’t endure eyes for an hour. (N. Boileau) The pinnacle of Russian classicism is the creativity of D.I. Classicism in Russia developed under the great influx of Enlightenment, the ideas of equality and justice were always at the focus of respect of Russian writers-classicists. That is why in Russian classicism they took away the great development of the genre, which conveys the author's assessment of historical action: comedy (D. I. Fonvizin), satire (A. D. Kantemir), fable (A. P. Sumarokov, I. I. Khemnitser ), ode (Lomonosov, G. R. Derzhavin). At the link with Rousseau's pronunciation with a call to closeness to nature and naturalness, the classicism of the end of the 18th century is growing crisis manifestations; to change the absolutization of the mind, the cult of the lower feelings of sentimentalism comes. The transition from classicism to pre-romanticism is best known in the German literature of the era of Storm and Onslaught, represented by the names of I. W. Goethe (1749-1832) and F. Schiller (1759-1805), like Rousseau, succumbed to the sciences the head power of the human being. D.I. Fonvizin G.R.Derzhavin
Classicism in music
Classicism in music The period of the development of European music approximately between 1730 and 1820 is called the period of the development of European music between the 1730s and 1820s. The understanding of classicism in music is strongly associated with the work of Haydn, Mozart and Beethoven, as they are called Vidensk classics and directly signified a distant development of musical composition. The concept of "music of classicism" was stumbling around with the concept of "classical music", as if it could have a more blatant meaning like the music of the past, vitrimal vibrated for an hour. Aesthetics of classicism was grounded on reconciliation in the intelligibility and harmony of the light arrangement, which appeared in the mind to the balance of the parts of the creation, the decoration of the details, the development of the main canons of the musical form. In the same period, the sonata form was residually formed, based on the development of two contrasting themes, showing the classical warehouse of parts of the sonata and the symphony. In the period of classicism, a string quartet appears, which consists of two violins, a viola and a cello, which significantly expands the warehouse of the orchestra. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart Haydn's art celebrated the majestic infusion of Mozart's symphonic and chamber style. Spiraling on this reach in the gallery of sonata-symphony music, Mozart brought in a wealth of new, eccentric, original. The whole history of science does not know the specificity of the greater enemy, the lower wine. Mozart has a phenomenal memory and ear, the brilliance of an improviser, a miraculous engraving on a violinist and an organ, and his persistence, like a harpsichordist, could not overthrow anything. Vin was the most popular, most famous, most beloved musician of the day. The great artistic value is to create yoga opera. For two centuries already, the success of "Vesilla Figaro" and "Don Giovanni" has been successful, which strikes with an enchanting melody, simplicity, and luxurious harmony. And the "Charming Flute" went down in the history of music like Mozart's "swan song", like a tvir with the greatest fullness and splendour, which reveals the light-gazer, the yogo observant thoughts, like the epilogue of a whole life, like a grandiose future artist. Mozart's art is thorough for the maisternist and absolutely natural. Vіn gave us wisdom, joy, light that kindness. Ludwig van Beethoven Beethoven became known as the greatest symphonist. Yogo mystetstvo is permeated with the pathos of struggle. It embraced the progressive ideas of the era of Enlightenment, which approved the rights of that goodness human specialty. You have nine symphonies, a number of symphonic overtures (“Egmont”, “Coriolanus”), and thirty-two piano sonatas laid the era piano music. The world of Beethoven's images is varied. Yogo the hero is not only sympathetic and prejudiced, he can subtly discover his intellect. Vin is a fighter and a thinker. Beethoven's music has a life of all sorts of variability - boisterous passions and strange silliness, dramatic pathos and lyrical speech, pictures of nature and scenes will be pobut. Completing the era of classicism, Beethoven at once opened the way for the future century. Joseph Haydn Haydn is called the founder of classical instrumental music, the ancestor of modern symphony orchestra that father of the symphony. Vіn having established the laws of the classical symphony: having put on the stringy, ending look, denoting the order of their rotting, which has been preserved in the main rice to this day. A classical symphony may have a different cycle. The first part goes to a swedish tempo and it sounds most energetically, fluffy. The other part is good. The music conveys the lyrical mood of the people. The third part - minuet - is one of the favorite dances of the Haydn era. The fourth part is the finale. This is the result of the whole cycle, the visnovoks from the end, which was shown, thought out, clearly in the front parts. The music of the finale sounds straight up on the mountain, out there is zhittєstverdzhuycha, urochist, it is possible. In the classical symphony, an ideal form was found, the building can accommodate even a deep zmist. In Haydn's creativity, the type of classical three-part sonata is being established. The composer's works have such beauty, order, subtlety and noble simplicity. This music is even lighter, lighter, mostly major, full of vigor, miraculous earthly joys and inexhaustible humor. Classicism Classicism painting Classicism in European painting Classicism, artistic style in European art of the 17th-early 19th century, one of the most important drawings of any kind of bulging to the forms of ancient art, like to an ideal aesthetic and ethical standard. Classicism, which developed in the state-of-the-art interplay with the baroque, developed into a whole stylistic system among the French artistic culture 17 art. The principles of rationalistic philosophy, which lie at the basis of classicism, zoomed in on the theoreticians and practitioners of the classical style on the artistic side of the world, as if on the basis of reason and logic, which triumph over chaos and the simplicity of a sensitively accepted life. Orientation to the sensible cob, inevitably marked the zhorstka normativeness of ethical maxims (subordination of special vulgarity, passions - roses, footwear, laws of light) and aesthetic drinking of classicism, regulation of artistic rules; the theoretical doctrines of classicism were reinforced by the activity of the foundations of the Royal Academies in Paris - painting and sculpture (1648) and architecture (1671). Mr Jean Baptist Mr Jean Baptist (1725-1805), French painter. Born on 21 September 1725 in Tournai, Burgundy. Between 1745 and 1750 he started in Lyon under Ch. Grandon, then at the Royal Academy of painting and sculpture near Paris. In 1755-1756 he visited Italy. The head of the sentimental-moralizing directly in the French painting of the other half of the XVIII century, Mriy, having shared the thought of the educators about mysticism, as about the active development of morality. In genre paintings (“Paralytik, chi Fruit of a Good Vihovannia”, 1763, Sovereign Hermitage, St. Petersburg), Mriya glorified the honesty of the third camp, who called out the energy of the philosopher Diderot. The robots of the artist Jean Baptiste Dream of power in the wake of sensitivity with overexaggerated pathos, the idealization of nature, for an hour to make licorice in the house (especially in the numerical images of children's and women's heads). "White Kapelyuh" 1780, Boston Art Museum "House of fidelity to Erot" 1767, Selected by Wallace London David Jacques Louis David Jacques-Louis is a French artist. Born on 30 September 1748 near Paris. From 1766 to 1774 he studied painting and sculpture at the Royal Academy of Painting and Sculpture under the guidance of the historical painter Joseph-Marie V'en, in 1775-1780 he worked on antique art in Rome. In 1780-1790, Jacques Luya David, the founder, became the founder of the I Visknim Lider of the so-called revolutionary classicism-I will intense the member of the Mistettsi Kinzi XVIII Stolitty, pushing the razimi, the novelty of the novelty of the novelty, hailed from a peeping man of high moral character and hromadyansky honesty. Belisarius 1781 Museum of Imaginative Art, Lille "The Oath of the Horacians" 1784 Louvre Museum, Paris Canaletto Antonio Canaletto Giovanni Antonio (Canaletto Giovanni Antonio) (1697-1768). Italian painter of the era of classicism and etcher. Vlasne, help call Channel. Born on July 28, 1697. Navchavsya from his father, theatrical artist Bernardo Canal. Pratsyuvav head rank at Venice, and also at Rome (1719-1720 and close to 1740) and London (1745-1755). The master of the architectural landscape-Vedi, Canaletto painted panoramic views of Venice and other places, reminiscent of them with barvy images of human life. The hosts of Canaletto were valued like the robots of the famous master of the Carlevaris genre. Ale, the artist Canaletto, in front of Carlevaris, with an enchanting rite, reminiscent of his robots with the lines of living lives and marvelous light. Документальна точність малюнка і досконалість перспективної побудови поєднуються в його творах з ошатністю та свіжістю колірної гами, світлоповітряними ефектами, ошатною видовищністю композиційного рішення (“Двір каменотесу”, близько 1730, Національна галерея, Лондон; “Від'їзд венеціанського дожа на заручини 1740-ті rocks, State Museum figurative arts, Moscow; "Porch of the Palace", 1765, Academy Gallery, Venice; "Old Voltonsky Mist", 1754). Fine watchfulness, lightness of light gradations in landscape etchings by Canaletto (Veduti). "The Thames and the houses of Richmond's frontier" 1747 Private collection "The Grand Canal and the Cathedral of Santa Maria della Salute" 1730 p. Museum of Vitality Art, H'uston "San Marco Square" 1730 Classicism in Russian art Classicism is like a direct link to Russian art and other lands on a political basis. Vіn vinik pіd аn hour of commemoration of absolutism and mav to serve yogo commemoration and glorification. Spectacular enlightened classicism emerged in Russia in the other half of the 18th century. At this hour, one of the last places is occupied by historical painting and a ceremonial portrait, The great series of portraits was created by the greatest artist of the other half of the 18th century, Dmitro Grigorovich Levitsky. Vin is a wonderful colorist. These portraits are always subtly harmonized in color, and often the artist goes to even more intense tones (juice raspberry oxamite, white satin, black moire), choosing a single color din. Dmytro Levitsky Ukrainian for the adventures. Order from F. Z. Rokotov and U. L. Borovikovsky - one of the largest Russian portrait painters of the 18th century. The father of the future master Grigoriy Kirilovich Nos (changing his nickname to "Levitsky") - the priest of the village of Mayachka (Poltava region of Ukraine) and one of the most prominent engravers of the Ukrainian baroque religious and secular compositions, zokrema engraved portraits] - the son of Dmitry was the first teacher. Arriving in St. Petersburg around 1758, Levitsky the Younger studied with A.P. Antropov. In his youth he painted icons; in 1762, as a submaster under Antropov, taking part in the decorative and pictorial decoration of Moscow on the eve of the coronation of Catherine II. Portrait of Suvorov Portrait of the architect A. F. Kokorinov Portrait of Y. I. Nelidova (vikhovanka of the empress of the gentry girls' association) Aivazovsky Ivan Aivazovsky Ivan Kostyantinovich (Ivan Aivazovsky), 1817-1900, Russian artist. Born at Theodosia on 17 (29) lime 1817 to the fate of the same time in the Russian Empire. Studied at the St. Petersburg Academy of Mythology under M.N. Vorobyov (1833-1839). Pratsyuvav near Krimu, Italy, seeing also France, England and low lands. Loving to rise in price, ale s 1845 pratsyuvav over importantly to a native place. Recognizing the special infusion of French Marini to classicism. Indulging in the too sharp contrasts of the classical composition, Aivazovsky for an hour seeks the right pictorial freedom. Bravura - catastrophic "The Ninth Wave" (1850, Russian Museum, St. Petersburg), where the "boundless" sea expanse was reached, may be the result of yoga early period. In the most famous and rightfully especially popular of his paintings (such as "The Black Sea", 1881 and on.) Aivazovsky, like no other zoom, I live, permeated with light, forever ruhlivu water element. A painter of the Head Naval Staff (since 1844), Aivazovsky took part in the low military campaigns (including those in the Crimean war of 1853-1856), creating a few pathetic battle paintings (Chesmensky battle, 1848, Feodosia art gallery). Although there were few “purely earthly” landscapes among them, Ukrainian and Caucasian regions are seen among them, the sea itself sounds like a new universal basis of nature and history, especially in plots from the creation of the world by the flood. "Portrait of the artist's squad Ganni Burnazyan" 1882 "Krizhany burn" 1870 "Nine Wave" 1850 Bogoevsky Kostyantin Bogoevsky Kostyantin Fedorovich (January 12, 1872, Feodosiya, - February 17, 1943, ibid.), - Russian landscape painter, painter and graphic artist, creator of the original epic-romantic style of the landscape of the hidden part of Crimea - Kimmeria. In 1890, Bogaevsky joined the Academy of Arts, de pratsyuvav at the master of Arkhip Kuyndzhi. In the spring of 1898, God's fate rose dearer to Italy, having become acquainted with the paintings of Claude Lorrain, who became one more teacher. And the hour of another introduction of Italy in 1909, having recognized the influx of Andrea Montaigne, Nicolas Poussin. "Italian landscape" 1911 "Ranok" 1910 Tretyakov gallery, Moscow "Seashore" 1907 Tretyakov Gallery, Moscow Classicism - a style that is directly in the art and literature XVII - cob XIX century, which marked the turn to the ancient recession, like to the norm of that ideal image. For the TSOO, I’ll intense the characteristic radionalism, normative, heavy to harmonious, it is clear that it is simple, the urivnovanism of the composition of the male male schematic, and the artists, the same in the art of the “vain” of the “vain” three things" - an hour, a month and a day - in dramaturgy, reinforced purism in the sphere of movies too. Under the influx of rationalistic philosophy of the great French thinker Rene Descartes, the principles of classicism are affirmed in all types of art. The main aesthetic postulate of classicism is the fidelity of nature, the natural intelligence of the world with an objectively attached beauty, to know the manifestation of symmetry, proportion, peace, harmony, and may be able to create mysticism at a thorough look. In the middle of the nineteenth century Classicism, in view of the development of a suspenseful aesthetic sense, was reborn in the inanimate academism.
Classicism (fr. classicisme, from lat. classicus - srazkovy) - artistic style and aesthetic directly in European art of the XVII - XIX centuries.
At the heart of classicism lie the ideas of rationalism, which were molded at the same time with those of the philosophy of Descartes. Artistic TV, With a glance of classicism, may be vihodyachi z suvorikh canons, sim showing the stringency and logic of the svetobudovi itself.
Of interest to classicism is only ever, inevitably - in the skin manifestation of the veins, it is possible to recognize only the details, typological figures, recognizable individu- al signs. Aesthetics to classicism is given great significance to the supple-spiritual function of art. Bagato ruled and canons of classicism took from ancient art (Aristotle, Horace).
Classicism establishes a hierarchy of genres for the suvor, as they are subdivided into high places (ode, tragedy, epic) and low ones (comedy, satire, fable). The leather genre may have a few signs, the zmishuvannya of which are not allowed.
Painting.
Interest in the art of ancient Greece and Rome, appearing in the era of Renaissance, after the century of the Middle Ages, turned to forms, motivated by that plot in antiquity. The greatest theorist of the Renaissance, Leon Batista Alberti, 15th century. having spoken the ideas that prophesied the principles of classicism and the whole world, they appeared at the fresco of Raphael "The School of Athens" (1511).
The systematization and consolidation of the achievements of the great artists of the Renaissance, especially the Florentine artists of the Renaissance, especially the Florentine ones with Raphael and those taught by Giulio Romano, formed the program of the Bologna school of the end of the 16th century, the most characteristic representatives of which were the Carracci brothers. At his pleasurable academy of mystics bolognese they preached that the way to the heights of the art lies through the scrupulous twisting of the fall of Raphael and Michelangelo, the imitation of the original mastery of the line and composition.
At the beginning of the 17th century, young foreigners flock to Rome to get acquainted with the decline of antiquity and Renaissance. The Frenchman Nicolas Poussin occupied the largest place among them, in his pictorial creations, most importantly on those antique antiquities and mythologies, which gave unperfected images of a geometrically accurate composition and thoughtful combination of color groups. The Greatest Frenchman, Claude Lorrain, at her antiquelandscapes near the "eternal place" by ordering the pictures of nature with the path of harmonization of the light of the early sun and the promotion of their own architectural lashtunks.
cold mindnormativism of Poussin vyklikav praise of the court of Versailles and the continuation of the court artists nachebto Lebrun , yakі bachili in classical painting and the ideal artistic language for the praise of the absolutist power of the "king-son". Although private patrons gave priority to different versions of baroque and rococo, the French monarchy encouraged classicism afloat for the financing of such academic institutions, like the School of Fine Art. The Roman Prize gave the great scholars the opportunity to see Rome for direct acquaintance with the great works of antiquity.
Revealing the “right” antique painting at the time of the excavation of Pompeii, the deification of antiquity by a German mysticist Winkelman and the cult of Raphael, which is preached to the artist who is close to the new Mengsom In the other half of the 18th century, new spirits were breathed into classicism (in foreign literature, this stage is called neoclassicism). The greatest representative of the "new classicism" was Jacques-Louis David; This extremely laconic and dramatic artistic language served with equal success to promote the ideals of the French Revolution (“The Death of Marat”) and the First Empire (“Dedicated to Emperor Napoleon I”).
In the 19th century, classical painting entered the crisis and became strong, streaming the development of art, moreover, in France, and in other lands. Successfully continued the artistic line of David engr , for the preservation of classicism in his works, he most often turned to romantic plots in a similar color (“Turkish Lazne”); This portrait work is marked by a fine idealization of the model. Artists in other lands (like, for example, Karl Bryullov) also reminiscent of the classical form of creation with the spirit of reckless romanticism; the whole day took away the name of academism. Numerical academies of mystics served as nursery gardens. In the middle of the 19th century, the younger generation rebelled against the conservatism of the academic establishment, which was hard on realism, represented in France by the group Courbet, and in Russia by the Wanderers.
Sculpture.
The post-work to the development of classical sculpture in the middle of the XVIII Winkelman that archeological excavation of ancient places, which expanded the knowledge of contemporary scholars about ancient creation. On the borders of the baroque and classicism, such sculptors stumbled in France, like Pigal ta Houdon . His greatest inspiration in the gallery of plastics is the reach of classicism in the heroic and idyllic robots of Antonio Canovi , scooping inspiration is more important from the statues of the era of Hellenism (Praxitel). In Russia, to the aesthetics of classicism, Fedot Shubin, Mikhailo Kozlovsky, Boris Orlovsky, Ivan Martos.
Gromadsky monuments, like in the era of classicism became very wide, gave the sculptors the opportunity to idealize the Viysk zvityagi and wisdom of sovereign men. The fidelity to the antique image was seen by the sculptors in the image of the golim models, which superchilo the accepted norms of morality. Sob virishiti tse protirichcha, diyachi suchasnosti on the cob were depicted by sculptors of classicism as naked ancient gods: Suvorov is the yak of Mars, and Polina Borghese - At the sight of Venus. For Napoleon, the power went up with a path to the image of delinquency in ancient togas (such are the posts of Kutuzov and Barclay de Tolly in front of the Kazan Cathedral).
Private estates of the epoch respected classicism for better increasing their names in tombstones. The popularity of this sculptural form was swayed by the cladding of huge tsvintars near the places of Europe. As a rule, figures on tombstones, as a rule, perebuvayut at the camp of deep calm. Sculptures of classicism have been struck by alien sharp disturbances, show such emotions like anger.
P piznіy, empirnіy classicism, representations of us in front of the next Danish sculptor Thorvaldsen , pierced by dry pathos. The purity of the lines, the streamliness of gestures, the impartiality of virazivs are especially valued. In the choice of words for heritage, the emphasis shifts from Hellenism to the archaic period. Enter into the fashion of religious images, what are the interpretations of Thorvaldsen celebrating at the spectator deshcho lion's defeat. The tombstone sculpture of old classicism often carries a slight touch of sentimentality.
Architecture.
The head figure of architecture to classicism was brought to the forms of ancient architecture, as to the standard of harmony, simplicity, sharpness, logical clarity and monumentality. The architecture of classicism is dominated by the regularity of planning and the clarity of volumetric form. The order became the basis of the architectural movement of classicism, in proportions and forms close to antiquity. For classicism, the power of symmetrical-axis compositions, the streak of decorative decoration, the regular system of planning the place.
The architectural language of classicism was formulated on the basis of the Renaissance era by the great Venetian master Palladio ta yoga follower Scamozzi . The principles of ancient temple architecture of the Venetians absolutized the flooring, which encouraged them to build such private mansions, like a villa Capra . Other Jones transferred paladianism to pivnіch, to England, de mіstsevі arhіtektori- paladians with a different degree of fidelity followed the curtains Palladio right up to the middle of the 18th century.
At that time, the “beaten tops” of baroque and rococo began to accumulate in the intellectuals of continental Europe. People of the Roman architects of Bernina and Borromin the baroque faded into rococo, the chamber style was more important with an emphasis on interior design and decorative and uzhitkovo art. For the accomplishment of the great local life, the aesthetics was of little stasis. Already for Louis XV (1715-74), Paris will have local ensembles in the "long-time Roman" relish, such as Zgodi Square (architect Jacques Ange Gabriel) and the Church of Saint Sulpis , and for Louis XVI (1774-92) similar "gentry laconicism" becomes already the main architectural directly.
The greatest interiors in the style of classicism were developed by the Scot Robert Adam, who turned to the Fatherland from Rome in 1758. Great hostility was celebrated by both archaeological research of Italian scientists and architectural fantasies. Piranese . In the interpretation of Adam, classicism is a style, but it is unlikely that rococo was done for the interior, which made it popular not only among the democratically minded cult of society, but also among the middle of the aristocracy. Similar to his French colleagues, Adam propagated a wide variety of details, facilitating the constructive function.
Frenchman Jacques-Germain Soufflot during the life in Paris of the Church of Saint Genevieve demonstrating the building of classicism to organize the great spaces of the city. The massive grandeur of these projects evoked the megalomania of the Napoleonic Empire and modern classicism. Russia has one straight away souffle collapsed Bazhenov. French Claude-Nikola Ledoux ta Etienne -Louis Bulle went to find a way to explore the radical visionary style with a twist in abstract geometric shapes. In revolutionary France, the ascetic gromadyansky pathos of their projects has few demands; all over the world innovation lodu estimated less than the modernity of the twentieth century.
The architects of Napoleonic France drew inspiration from the majestic images of Viysk glory, stripped of imperial Rome - such as the triumphal arch Septimius Pivnochi that column of Trajan. Following the order of Napoleon, the image was transferred to Paris like a triumphal arch Carruzel and Vandomsky colonies. For monuments of the greatness of the era of the Napoleonic wars, the term "imperial style" - empire style - is celebrated. In Russia, Charles Rossi, Andriy Voronikhin and Andriyan Zakharov. In Britain, the Empire has a so-called. "regency style" (the largest representative is John Nash).
Aesthetics of classicism took on large-scale local projects, which led to the ordering of local forgetfulness on the scale of whole places. In Russia, Mayzha, all provincial and rich povitov places were re-planned according to the principles of classical rationalism. At the right museum, such places as St. Petersburg, Helsinki, Warsaw, Dublin, Edinburgh and a number of others have simply turned into the sky for classicism. In the whole expanse from Minusinsk to Philadelphia, there is only one architectural language that Palladio . Peresіchna zabudova zdіysnyuvala vіdpovіdno to albums of typical projects.
In the period following the Napoleonic wars, classicism had to get along with romantically zabarvlennoy eclecticism, turning the interest to the middle ages and fashion for neo-Gothic architecture. Egyptian motifs are gaining popularity at the link with Champollion's words. Interest in the ancient Roman architecture is changing with piety before the ancient Greek (“ neo-Greek ”), which was especially clearly seen in Nіmechchinі and the USA. German architect Leo von Klenze and Karl Friedrich Schinkel forget, obviously, Munich and Berlin with grandiose museums and other huge houses on the Parthenon square. In France, the purity of classicism is diluted with free positions in the architectural repertoire of the Renaissance and the Baroque.
Literature.
The Frenchman Francois is the founder of the poetics of classicism Malherbe (1555-1628), who carried out the reform of the French language and verse and developed poetic canons. The tragedies Corneille and Racine (1639-1699) became the leading representatives of classicism in dramaturgy, the main subject of creativity of such letters is the conflict between suspense obov'yazkom and special passions. The “low” genres also reached a high development - bike (J. La Fontaine), satire ( bualo ), comedy (Moliere 1622-1673).
bualo having become famous throughout Europe as a "legislator of Parnassus", the greatest theoretician of classicism, who hung his own look at the verse treatise "Poetic Mystery". John Dryden and Alexander Pope , yakі zrobili the main form of English poetry oleksandrini . For the English prose of the era of classicism ( Addison , Swift) is also a characteristic romanization syntax.
The classicism of the 18th century develops under the influx of the ideas of Enlightenment. The creativity of Voltaire (1694-1778) is directed against religious fanaticism, absolutist oppression, inspired by the pathos of freedom. The method of creativity is changing the world to a better one, pobudova viable to the laws of the classicism of the society itself. From the position of classicism, looking around the current literature of English Semuel Johnson, who is known as the gleaming group of fellow thinkers who included the Yeseist Boswell , history of Gibbon and actor Garrik.
In Russia, classicism originated in the eighteenth century, after the reinvention of Peter I. Lomonosov carried out a reform of the Russian verse, the theory of “three calms” was broken up, as it became, in essence, an adaptation of the French classical rules to the Russian language. Form in classicism the relief of individual rice, the shards calling us in front of the birthrights, as if not to pass over time, the signs that appear as an instillation of social or spiritual forces.
AT Russia developed under the great influx of Enlightenment - ideas of equality and justice were always at the focus of respect of Russian writers-classicists. Therefore, in Russian classicism, they took away the great development of the genre, which conveys the author's assessment of historical action: comedy (D. I. Fonvizin), satire (A. D. Kantemir), fable (A. P. Sumarokov, I. I. Chemnitzer ), Ode (Lomonosov, G. R. Derzhavin).
At the link with Rousseau's pronunciation with a call to closeness to nature and naturalness, the classicism of the end of the 18th century is growing crisis manifestations; to change the absolutization of the mind, the cult of the lower senses comes - sentimentalism. The transition from classicism to pre-romanticism is best known in the German literature of the epoch "Storm and Onslaught", represented by the names of I. W. Goethe (1749-1832) and F. Schiller (1759-1805), like Rousseau, succumbed to the sciences the main force of the human being.
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Captions before slides:
Directions at the mystic Directions at the mystics
Classicism Classicism is a European cultural and aesthetic trend that was oriented towards ancient literature and mythology. Anichkiv city
Classicism Classicism was formed in France in the 17th century at the link with the cob of the era of absolute monarchy
Classicism in the art of painting
Principles of classicism Head topic- a conflict of special and public interests, almost like a shackle. The real goodness of the people is the dressing of the binding, the service of the sovereign idea. Dotrimannya antiquity like a sight. Inheritance of "embellished" nature.
Principles of classicism 5. Basis of all reason. Miraculous is less than those that are reasonable. 6. The main category is beauty. 7. Golovne zavdannya - the mark of the absolute monarchy, the monarch - the inspiration of the reasonable.
Classicism in painting Painting by Jacques Louis David "The Oath of the Horacians"
Classicism in the painting of Lisenok "Farewell to Hector and Andromache"
Versailles - the residence of the French queens - is written with its own park, created by the project of Andre Le Nôtre.
Garden and park art. Versailles. Nature took on a strictly geometric form, punished by her mind of a person.
Garden and park art. Versailles. The park is resplendent with a clear symmetry of the alleys and stakes, strict rows of trimmed trees and kvitniks, a tract of water placed near new statues.
The park was resurrected by a tract of places where new statues were placed. Garden and park art. Versailles.
Classicism in the architecture of Russia
Antique hero, yoga beauty, patriotic theme, glorification of the monarch
A.D.Zakharov Admiralty
Stock exchange and Strіlka on the Neva
Rostral column Rostra - architectural embellishment at the bow of an ancient ship
A.N. Voronikhin. Kazan Cathedral 1801-1811 - life of the Kazan Cathedral. The Kazan Cathedral near St. Petersburg was consecrated on 27 April 1811.
K.A.Ton Cathedral of Christ the Savior
Resources http://i054.radikal.ru/1003/ba/c348e3d4be99.jp http://de.trinixy.ru/pics4/20100628/saint_petersburg_38.jpg http://turometr.s3.amazonaws.com/images/gallery /02/03/76/2010/10/30/6dc68e__61c0f80984_600.jpg
Behind the topic: methodical developments, presentations and summaries
Title film "Classicism at the palace interior. Enfilade of the Oleksandrovsky Palace".
On the eve of 2009, Oleksandrivsky Palace has regained its status as a museum and restoration work has begun in a new direction. 1st axis of 2010 the first three parade halls: Pivkrugly, Portrait and Marmurovy vіtalnya.
Presentation before the lesson of literature at the 9th grade "Classicism"
A presentation can be given to vikoristan when the topics "Classicism" were taught in the literature class of the 9th grade.
Presentation of Classicism as Literary Directly
On this side you will find a presentation, in which case the features and main famous rice such literary straightening, like classicism, especially the Russian class.
