Who said promin light to the dark kingdom. Other retellings and tips for the reader
The article is dedicated to Ostrovsky's drama "Thunderstorm"
On the top of the article, Dobrolyubov write about those who "Ostrovsky can more deeply understand Russian life." Give them an analysis of the article about Ostrovskiy and other critics, write about those who “have a direct look at speech” in them.
Then Dobrolyubov compares "Thunderstorm" with the dramatic canons: "The subject of the drama can always be podia, de Bachimo fight addiction and bondage - with unfortunate traces of addiction, you can overcome the addiction with the happy, if you overcome the debt." Likewise, the drama may have one unity, and it may be written by my high literary mine. "Thunderstorm" at the same time "is not satisfied with the most intense drama - inspire moral obsession and show the consequences of suffocation. Katerina, the evil-doer, seems to us at the drama not only not to bring down the gloomy light, but to instill martyrdom out of it. She speaks so kindly, she suffers so pitifully, but everything is so bad about her, that you will fight against її oppression and, in such a rank, in її guise you will truly vice. Henceforth, the drama does not win its high recognition. All the action was going to be the right thing, because it was charac- terized by the scenes of those persons who are not necessary. Nareshti and mova, as they seem to be diyovі individuals, overturn every patient twisted person.
To carry out this comparison with the canon of Dobrolyubov in order to show that we are going to work, we are preparing statements about those that can be shown, without giving a true understanding. “What do you think about a person, a yak, having strummed a woman’s harn, you begin to resonate with a rapt, that in her the camp is not like that of Venus Miloskoy? The truth is above dialectical subtleties, but the living truth of that which is circulating. It is impossible to say that people were angry for nature, and that cannot be accepted for literary works of principles for the kshtalt of what, for example, vice triumphs, and honesty is punished.
“The writer of the dossi was given a small role in this Russian people to the natural ears,” Dobrolyubov writes, after which he writes Shakespeare, who “having put the headline of people on a splinter of steps, they didn’t rise to anything.” Then the author goes back to other critical articles about the "Thunderstorm", Apollon Grigor'ev's zocrema, which proves that Ostrovsky's main merit is in his "nationality". “Ale, why do people think, r. Grigor'ev does not explain, and to this the replica came to us like a comedy.
Let's dobrolyubov diyshov naming Ostrovsky's p'es with a spell like “p'es of life”: “We want to say that in the first plan, the atmosphere of life is always savage. Vіn do not punish nor hardship, nor sacrifice. See that the camp is panuє over them, and vibrate them only in the fact that the stench does not show enough energy in order to get out of this position. And why I don’t dare to respect the inconspicuous and occupied those individuals of Ostrovsky’s p’єs, yakı do not take part directly in the intrigue. In our opinion, these individuals are necessary for p'esi, like smuts: stench will show us that situation, in which you live, paint the camp, which is the sense of action of the main characters in p'esi.
In "Thunderstorm" one can especially see the need for "unnecessary" characters (other rows and episodic characters). Dobrolyubov analyzes the replicas of Feklusha, Glasha, Wild, Curly, Kuligin and others. The author analyzes the inner camp of the heroes of the “dark kingdom”: “everything seems to be restless, unkind. Krіm them, without sleeping, grew more life, with less cobs, and even though you can’t see the good, but even more poached the filthy swarm of tyrants. I Kabanova is seriously confused by the future of the old order, with which they have lived. Vaughn transfers them, tries to understand their meanings, but then realizes that there is no great deal of honor for them and that for the first opportunity to leave them.
Then the author writes about those who “Thunderstorm” is “the best TV of Ostrovsky; mutually the tyranny of tyranny was brought to them to the most tragic legacy; and at the same time it’s quieter, who read and bachiv tsyu p’esu, it’s good to know that in the “Thunderstorm” it’s refreshing and pidbadjorliv. Tse "shchos" and є, in our thought, the background of the p'єsi, instructing us and showing the cunning and the near end of tyranny. Let us remember the very character of Katerina, which is painted on this aphid, that is on us in new lives, as it is shown to us at our own death.
Dobrolyubov gave an analysis of the image of Katerina, taking it like “the crop is ahead of all our literature”: “Russian life has gone to the point where people need more energy and energy.” The image of Katerina is “unsatisfactorily true to the feelings of natural truth and self-confidence to that sensi, who would rather die, lower life for quiet ambushes, which are unacceptable to you. In this wholeness, that harmony of character has strength. In the meantime, and light, with all the precautions of the gin of tyranny, they rush into Katerina's cell, they are torn to a new life, if only they had a chance to die in the same swarm. What is death? All the same - they don’t care about life and those animals, as if they had fallen to the lot of the Kabanovs’ homeland.
The author reports on analyzing the motives of Katerini’s actions: “Katerina’s advice is not to grow up to violent characters, discontented, who love to ruin. Navpaki, tse character, what is more important to create, love, ideal. Axis why won't you try to ennoble everything at your own sight. A little love for the people, the need of the lower nasalods naturally instilled in the young woman. Ale, there will be no Tikhin Kabanov, who is “far too late in order to understand the nature of Katerini’s emotions:“ I won’t tell you, Katya, - it’s like wine, - then you won’t get a word, not those caresses, but then so you just lie. So call the zipsovani of nature to judge the nature of the strong and fresh.
Dobrolyubov inspired a visnovka, which inspired a great folk idea in the image of Katerina Ostrovsky: “Other works of our literature have strong characters, similar fountains, fallow in the form of a third-party mechanism. Katerina is such a big river: the bottom is even, the garne is flowing calmly, the stone is big, it is jumping over them, the urvische is cascading, zaruzhuyut її - it is viruє and breaks through in another place. It’s not for the one who won’t believe that the water wanted to make a fuss or get angry at the change, but simply for the one who needs to overcome all the natural forces - for a distant leak.
Analyzing the affairs of Katerini, the author writes about those who care about the possibility of Katerina and Boris being the best solution. Katerina is ready to move on, but here one more problem emerges - Boris's material fallowing due to his uncle Diky. “We said more than a sprat of words about Tikhon; Boris is like himself, in fact, only a few illuminations.
Naprikintsi p'yesi “it's good for us to fight Katerini's order - even through death, if it's not possible otherwise. live in" dark kingdom“Hurry for death. Tikhin, throwing themselves at the corpse of a squad, wriggling from the water, shouting at self-confidence: “Good for you, Katya! And now I’ve lost my life in the world and I’m tormented!” The p'esa will end with this viguk, and we are told that nothing could be invented stronger and more truthfully than such an ending. Tikhon’s words make you think about not a love affair, but about everything in life, let’s die alive.”
At the end, Dobrolyubov goes back to reading the article: “If our readers know that the Russian life and the Russian power have been called by the artist at the “Grozi” on the right, and if they stench the lawfulness and importance of it, do it, then some, they pleased our those literary courts”.
Of all the works of the Ostrov p'yes "Thunderstorm" called out the greatest resonance among the sspіlstvі and the most acute controversy among the critics. This was explained as the nature of the self-drama (the severity of the conflict, its tragic result, the strong original image main heroine), and the epoch, for which the bula wrote the p'esa, - two fates before the hard work of the right-hand man and the introduction of reforms from it in the social and political life of Russia. This was the era of suspіlnogo p_dnesennia, rozkvіtu volitional ideas and growing support for the "dark kingdom" in all manifestations, including the family-pobutovіy area.
From which I look pіdіyshov to drama N.A. Dobrolyubov, who gave the most recent report and analysis. At the head heroine, Katerina Kabanova, she bobbed a vishne appearance, which looms close to the end of the kingdom of tyrants. Emphasizing the strength of Katerina's character, having blabbed on what to inspire a woman, then the worst and most deprived element of the conscience is forced to protest, then the "dark kingdom" will come "the rest of the hour." The name of Dobrolyubov's article is more clearly evoked the main pathos.
The most recent opponent of Dobrolyubov, becoming D.I. Pisarev. I didn’t wait long for Dobrolyubov in the assessment of the image of Katerina at my statute wine, but I re-roofed yoga, increasing the emphasis on the weaknesses of the heroine and clapping, that all her behavior, including self-destruction, is nothing more, like stupidity . However, it is necessary to vrahuvat that Pisarev came forward with his analysis after 1861 and after the appearance of such creations, like Turgenev’s “Fathers and Children” and “Who Work?” Chernishevsky. Tied with the heroes of these novels - Bazarov, Lopukhov, Kirsanov, Rakhmetov, Vira Pavlivna and others, some Pisars knew their ideal of a revolutionary democrat - Katerina Ostrovsky, obviously, was already playing.
Polemic about Dobrolyubov and the article by A.A. Grigor'ev - one of the leading Russian critics in the middle of the XIX century, who stood on the positions of "pure science" and consequently opposed the sociological approach to literature. In opposition to the Duma Dobrolyubov, Grigor'ev is standing firm, while the work of Ostrovsky and Zokrem, the song "Thunderstorm" has a smut - not a violation of the social order, but an incorporation of the "Russian nationality".
The great Russian writer I.A. Goncharov gave again positive feedback about p'esu, accurately and briefly characterizing the main advantages. M. M. Dostoyevsky, brother of the great Russian writer F.M. Dostoyevsky, having reportedly analyzed the character of Katerina in all its super-fluidness and deeply sings of the heroine, having made wisps about those who have a truly Russian character, 77, І. Melnikov-Pechora writer-populist, in his opinion about the nature of the "Thunderstorm" is approaching the position of Dobrolyubov, report review the characteristics of Feklushi and Kuligin and the sensation of their reflection.
Readers of Sovremennik remember, perhaps, that we placed Ostrovskii on a higher level, knowing that we have a richer and richer mind to depict the essence of that powerful Russian life 1 . Other authors took private appearances, timchas, ovnishnі suspіlstva and depicted them with greater or lesser success, as, for example, the help of justice, tolerance, healthy administration, the aggravation of purchases, and the expression of such krіpatst. Other authors took more of the inner world of life, but they were surrounded by a tight stake and marked such sights, as if they were not small for the national significance. So, for example, the images in the faceless stories of people, as if they became the development of a more important middle ground, but they were relieved of energy, will, and perished in idleness. Accordingly, the values are small, to the fact that they clearly showed the inapplicability of the middle ground, that they respect good work, and although the power of energy stosuvanniya really cobs, we recognize them for the truth in theory. Marveling at the greatness of talents, and according to the family, they are less important; but the stench was stacked at their own little bit, which they ate away from a small (almost) part of our susprestvo, and from the smallest to the largest. Not seeming about the masses of the people, to inspire more people in the middle versions of our society, so that it is more necessary to understand the correct understanding, even such, as if you don’t know where to go with the rich ideas. Therefore, the significance of the appointments of stories and novels is more special and more important for the class of the selected variety, lower more. It is impossible not to know that on the right of Ostrovsky there is a rich pldnish: having bought such a sleeping exercise, you need it, with which everything was adopted Russian society, Such a voice is felt in all the manifestations of our life, such a satisfaction to become necessary for the mind of our remote development. The current practice of Russian life in the widest worlds know its expression in Ostrovsky, like a comedy, from a negative side. Little to us at the picture of a scary hybni stosunki z usima їkhnіmi nasledkami, vin through those same є in the moonlight, scho to help the shortest outbuilding. Svavіllya from one side and the marriage of the rights of one's own specialness from the other side - the axis of the representation, on which all the dissimilarity of the mutual vidnosins is shown, which develops the most important comedies of Ostrovsky; the power of law, legality, respect for the people - the axis is felt by the skin respected reader from the depths of his dissimilarity. Well, why don't you recount the great significance of these could have been in Russian life? You don’t know how, like the evil comedies, I will become more Russian society than any other in Europe? Take history, guess your life, look around yourself for a long time - and everywhere you will know the truth of our words. It’s not the place to let us go to historical heritage; To prove that our history until the hour has sown in us the development of a little bit of legality, did not create any special guarantees of specialness and gave a wide field of swaville. This kind of historical development, it is understood, is not enough for the fall of the morality of the suspense: the head to the vlasnoi goodness was ruined, the faith in the right, and then, and the bond of the ob'yazku - weakened, the swaville did not care about the right, and the savilla did not feel the cunning. Deyakі scribes, having relieved a little of normal needs and spantelic piece combinations, cognizant of unparalleled facts, wanted to legitimize them, glorify them as the norm of life, and not as a creation of natural pragnets, succumbed to an unfriendly historical development. Ale Ostrovsky, like a man with a strong talent and, then, from a sense of truth? with instinctive schilnistyu to natural, healthy ones, I could not instantly calm down, and svavіllya, navitshee, zavzhdi it turned out to be new, really, svіllya important, conducive, lawless - and in fact p'esi zavzhdi felt the protest of the opposite. Vіn umіv vіdchuti, scho so mean similar breadth of nature, and zatavruvav, defaming її kіlkom types that I call tyranny.
Ale ne vin sklav t tipi, so yak not vin vigadav і the word "tyrant". Those іnshe taking wine from life. It was clear that life, that it gave materials for such comical situations, in which the tyranny of Ostrovsky is often placed, life, which gave them a decent name, not slandered by all of them with a splash, but to take revenge on oneself for the makings of a reasonable, legal, correct order. And rightly so, after Ostrovsky's skin p'єsi, the skin is aware of yourself and, looking around at yourself, mark yourself in others. With more respect for the thought of thought, being surprised at it more and more deeply, respecting that it’s a stepping stone to a new, more natural arrangement, it’s pouring into itself the essence of everything, which we call progress, to become directly the foundation of our robotic development, all clay. Wherever you look around, you wake up awakening specialness, presenting your legal rights, a protest against violence and swaville, more afraid of it, inconsistency, ready to shovatsya, but still let you remember your foundation.
In Ostrovsky, you know not only moral, but life, economical food, and in this day, celebrate. it is attributed to the material type of fallow. Moreover, you see, as the material side of all life is panned over the abstract, and like people, having eased material security, value abstract rights a little and learn to understand clearly about them. True - this person can frown cold-bloodedly and wisely, as if he should have such a fear; ale hungry rush to їzhi, de not to slap її і which would not be out. This phenomenon that is repeated in all spheres suspіlnogo life, good, I am Zrozumilo Ostrovsky, that ї ї є є є є ’be-a-yaki mirkuvan, showing a respect for reading, a system of unlawed and rude, downtrousing by his self-sufficiency, sinking, yaki vid, torture; like a stink, like a bigger or smaller one, they save excess energy from themselves, try to gain victories on the opportunity to live independently and no longer pick up any money, no rights. For some reason, they reportedly developed this topic in many of our articles, so that I could turn to it again; before that, having guessed the sides of Ostrovsky's talent, we repeated ourselves in The Thunderstorm, like in many other yoga works, we can still take a short look at ourselves and show us how we understand.
Earlier and in many episodes of Ostrovsky, they were commemorated, but it was not a comedy of intrigue and not a comedy of characters in a good way, but now, to which we would give the name "p'es of life", it was not even broader and we did not understand that. We want to say that the new one has a bed in the first place, so no one can lie diyovih osib, life. Vіn do not punish nor lihodiya, nor sacrifice; offensive stinks are sorry for you, often insulting comeds, but not on them without a trace, they seem to feel like it’s irritating in you. See that the camp is panuє over them, and vibrate them only in the fact that the stench does not show enough energy in order to get out of this position. The tyrants themselves, against whom, naturally, your feelings may be overwhelmed, at a respectful glance, they show a pity, lower your aggression: stench and goodness and instill sensibility in their own way, in the midst, proponated by them with routine and support of their camps; ale, the camp is the same, that in the new it is impossibly new, a healthy human development.
Henceforth, the struggle, necessary for the theory of dramas, is found in Ostrovsky's p'ses over the monologues of diyovyh osibs, and the facts that pan out from them. Often the characters of the comedy themselves do not think clearly, or else they know nothing, about the sensation of their camp and their struggle; then the fight is more clearly and clearly seen in the soul of a peeping man, who miraculously storms against the camps, giving rise to such facts. And why I don’t dare to respect the inconspicuous and occupied those individuals of Ostrovsky’s p’єs, yakı do not take part directly in the intrigue. In our opinion, these individuals are necessary for p'esi, like smuts: stinks show us the situation in which you live, paint the camp, which is the sense of activity of the main characters in p'esi. Sob to know well about the power of the life of growth, you need to twist yoga on that soil, on that growth; vіdіrvavshi vіd ґruntu, vіmimete form roslini, but not know the whole of this life. In the same way, you don’t know about the life of the sspіlstva, as you can see only a few in the bezperednіh vіdnosinah many osіb, who came to me at the zіknennya one by one: there will be only a business, an official side of life, at that hour we will need it. Third-party, non-diyalny participants in life's dramas, maybe occupying only their right skin, - often make their own reasons such a splash on the right hand, that it is impossible to imagine anything. How many hot ideas, how many great plans, how many suffocated spirits collapse at the mere glance at the baiduzhi, prozovy natovp, with contemptuous indifference 2 pass us! Skills of pure and kind feelings will be in us for fear, so that we will not be humiliated and slandered by the cym of NATO! And from the other side, and some wickedness, some swaying svaville, that violence rises in front of the decisions of that natovpu, forge nibi baiduzhim and pliable, but, in fact, very intransigent to that once it is known to her. To that it is super important for us to know, as an understanding of the whole thing about good and evil, that the truth is respected in it and that it is nonsense. This is our look at the camp, in which the head individuals of the p'yesi are known, and also, the riven of our fate before them.
The Thunderstorm especially shows the need for “unnecessary” features: without them, we can understand the appearance of the heroine and we can create a sense of everything.
"Thunderstorm", as you know, presents us with the idyllic 3 of the "dark kingdom", as Ostrovsky step by step shows us with his talent. People who live here live near blessed places: the place stands on the birch of the Volga, everything is green; from the steep banks one can see far expanses, covered with settlements and fields; a fertile summer day so beckon to the shore, on the shore, open the sky, under the wind, which refreshes the air from the Volga ... And the inhabitants, for sure, walk along the boulevard over the river, even if they marveled at the beauty of the Volzian views; in the evenings to sit on the prizbah of the gate and engage in pious roses; but rather spend an hour at home, take care of the government, eat, sleep - go to bed too early, so it’s important for an unidentified person to wake up to such a dream, like a stench to ask yourself. But why should I work, how can I not sleep, if the stench is here? Your life flows so smoothly and peacefully, the everyday interests of the world do not turbulent, because you do not reach them; kingdoms can collapse, new lands emerge, the face of the earth can change, as it is good for you, light can start a new life in new ambushes, - the inhabitants of the little town of Kalinov will be together, as soon as, in the future, in the future, in the future, in the future. Zrіdka zabіzhit to them it is not clear a bit, that Napoleon from twenty of mine rises, or that the Antichrist has been born; ale and tse stinks take more like a curious thing, start talking about those є kraїni, all people with sleepy heads: steal your head, hang your head up to the wonders of nature and eat your own snack ... From a young age, show the deak to drink, but take it їy there are no sounds: the bridges go up to them, as if in ancient Russia there were only a few mandrіvnits, that one is already quiet and not richly correct; to be satisfied with such people, like “themselves, due to their weakness, they didn’t go far, but they were so rich,” like Feklusha in The Thunderstorm. Among them, only the bagmen of Kalinovoy know about those who work in the world; Otherwise, they would think that the whole world is such itself, like Kaliniv, and that it is impossible to live any other way, lower the stench. Ale and vіdomosti, yakі podomlyayut Feklushі, so that not zdatnі navіyati great bazhannya to forget your life for another. Feklush to belong to the patriotic party and the world's most conservative; її good among the pious and naїvnih Kalinovtsіv: її and shun, and often, and do what is necessary; you can seriously remember that the sins themselves look like what she is more for other mortals: “ ordinary people It seems that there is only one enemy to protect the skin, but before us, wondrous people, to whom there are six, to whom twelve are assigned, from the need to overcome them. І їй to believe. I realized that the simple instinct of self-preservation is to blame for zmusit її to say a good word to those who work in other lands. And really, listen to the roses of the merchants, the philistines, the small bureaucracy in the rural wilderness, - some amazing reports about the infidels and the filth of the kingdom, some stories about those hours, when people were burned, they tormented, if the robbers plundered the place, then. , - and there are few reports about European life, about the best device! All this leads to the fact that Feklusha speaks so positively: “Bla-alepiya, dear, blah-alepiya, marvelous beauty! You already say that you live near the common land! Vono, without a doubt, go out like that, as if you were sacked, like in other lands to fight. Listen to Feklusha:
“It seems that these are the lands, dear girl, there are no Orthodox kings, and saltans rule the earth. In one land to sit on the throne, the Turkish Saltan will Wave, and in the other, the Persian Saltan will Wave; And to judge the stench, dear girl, over us people, if not to judge the stench, everything is wrong. , sweet, unrighteous; scho for our law so go, and for їhnіm mustache all the same. And all the judges in them, in their lands, are also unrighteous: so, dear girl, and in the prohanny write: “Judge me, unrighteous judge!” And then there is the earth, where all the people with sane heads.
“Why is it like this, write about it?” - Ask Glasha. "For innocence," Feklusha said briefly, while giving further explanations. Ale Glasha is glad for that; in the heavy single-manship life of that thought, it is acceptable to feel a little something new and original. In my soul, the thought is vaguely awakening, that the axis, however, people live and not like that, like mi; out, obviously, it’s better with us, but vtim, who knows! Adzhe th we are unwell; but we don’t know well about those lands; You can feel the sight of good people…” And the knowledge of the nobility more and more deeply creeps into the soul. Tse is clear to us from the words of the gladiator at the entrance of the mandrivnitsa: Yakihos, yakihos, there are no miracles in the world! And we sit, we don’t know anything. More good, sho Garni people є: nі-nі ta i chuєsh, scho to fight in the white world; otherwise they would die like fools.” Like a bachite, unrighteousness and infidelity of foreign lands do not wake up in Glashi zhahu that cloudiness; її occupies only new buildings, as it seems to be mysterious - "miracles", as it appears. You see, that she is not satisfied with the explanations of Feklusha, as it will make her more sorry for her non-government. Vaughn, obviously, is on the verge of skepticism 4 . Ale de y, save your mistrust, if you are unfailingly indulging in roses, go up to Feklushin? How can I get to the correct understanding, just lead to reasonable food, if my drinking is closed in such a way, how was it christened in the Kalinovo city? And what’s more, it’s like a bivona has ventured not to believe in it, if the older and best people so positively calm down in reconciliation, that they will understand that way of life - the best of the world and that it’s all new to look like an unclean force? It is terrible and important for a skin novice to try to go against the grain of the might and the perturbation of the dark mass, stingy in its boldness and breadth. Adzhe vona curse us, bigatima, as if we were plagued, - not for malice, not for rozrahunki, but for deep persecution of the one who is similar to the Antichrist; it’s better, as if only by God’s knowledge and pidmіyuvatimet.-. You can help the residents of Kaliningrad to know about geographic knowledge; but don’t worry about the fact that the earth stands on three whales and that the navel of the earth is in Jerusalem, don’t give up the stench, if you want to understand the navel of the earth as clearly as about Lithuania in Thunderstorm. “Tse, my brother, what is it?” - Ask one peaceful hulk in another, pointing to the picture. “And the entire Lithuanian ruin,” she says. – Battle! Bachish! Like ours fought for Lithuania. - What is Lithuania like? - “So Lithuania is out and about,” - says the one who explains. “But it seems, my brother, that she fell on us from the sky,” the first continues; But if you’re a spy, you don’t need enough yoga before that: “Well, from the sky, then from the sky,” - you say wine ... Then the woman turns to Rozmov: “Shine now! Must know what is from the sky; And de bov I was beating with her, there for the memory of mounds piled up. - “What, my brother! Aje tse so right! - Vigukuє zapituvach, full of satisfaction. First of all, tell me what you think about Lithuania! A similar result can be obtained from nutrition, which is given here to people by natural nutrition. And I don’t call it that people were stupid, stupid for the rich others, which are more familiar in the academies and higher institutions. No, everything is right in the fact that they stink with their camp, with their lives under the gnat, svaville all the accustomed to already succumb to insincerity and stupidity and to that they know to be unhanded and to navit zhuvali navitly doshukuvatisya sensible ideas for whom it would not be there. Ask food - at the same time it will become; But if it’s like this, if “the garmata is on its own, and the mortar is on its own”, then the stench will no longer be able to roll away and humbly be pleased with these explanations. The secret of a similar baiduzhnosti to the logician is poking us in front of the reality, be it logical in life. The key to the mystery is given to us, for example, the replica of Wild at the Thunderstorm is coming. Kuligin at the same time rudeness seems to say: “Why, Mr. Savel Prokofich, do you honestly tell falsehood about a person?” Wild vіdpovidaє axis scho:
“Svіt, chi scho, I'm going to give you! I don’t give a call to anyone important for you. I want to think about you like that, so I guess. For others, this is a fair person, but I think that you are a robber - the axis and everything. Would you like to see me a little? Oh, listen up! I say that the robber is a killer! What are you, sue, what, will you be me? You know what a worm. If I want - I will have mercy, if I want - I will crush.
Like a theoretical peace, you can stand there, de life is based on such ambushes! Vіdsutnіst be-thus law, be-things of logic - the axis of the law is the logic of that life. Not anarchy 5, but even richer (want to see the illuminated European and to see nothing worse than anarchy). In anarchy, there is no longer anything to be desired on the cob: the skin is well done on your mind, there is no decree for anyone, the skin on the order of another can be confirmed that I, having spoken, do not want you to know can. The establishment of a state of suspense, slender to the point of such anarchy (as it is possible), is truly stingy. Ale to show that the nayanarchic society was divided into two parts: one forfeited the right to beshketuvat and not know what is right for the law, and the other is embarrassed to recognize the law as the first claim and to endure all її whims, all inconsistencies ... what would have been hotter? Anarchy would be lost on its own, for those who, nevertheless, did not have reasonable grounds in the suspense, beshketnitstvo would have been tried even earlier; but half of the people were embarrassed to suffer in front of them and constantly live them by themselves, by their humility and perseverance. It is clear that for such minds, beshketnitstvo and lawlessness would be accepted by such slanders, which they could not stink of indiscriminate anarchy. It’s true, don’t say it, but a person is alone, given to herself, it’s not enough to fool at the court and soon you will realize the need to wait and look out for others in the species of wild coriste. But if you don’t see the need for a person, you should know a wide field for the right of your own thoughts in impersonal similarities and even in this fallow, downtrodden camp to constantly strengthen your tyranny. In such a manner, languishing in sleep with anarchy, the existence of any law and law, obligatory for all, tyranny, in fact, insidiously zhahlivіshe for anarchy, to that which we give beshketnitstva more koshtіv and space and zmushuє suffering more than people, - in that vіdnoshenі, scho can trim richly more. Anarchy (repeatedly, as if it were only possible to ignite) can serve only as a transitional moment, which is itself responsible for understanding the skin and leading to something healthy; tyranny, navpaki, pragna legitimize yourself and set up an unbreakable system. Therefore, at the same time, with such broad concepts about one’s own freedom, one is trying to gain, however, to get used to all the possible entrances, so that you can deprive yourself of this freedom, save yourself only after yourself, so that you can secure yourself a kind of zukhvalih tastes. For the achievement of the tsієї, it’s not enough to know nothing, and even if you want to stand up against them yourself, but stand firmly for them before others. Kіlka khvilin after replicas, in a wild way so rіshuche vydkidav, on the weight of the wet primhi, all moral and logical podstava for the judgment about the person, - this Wild one is attacked by Kulіgіn, if for clarification the threat was to use the word of an electrician.
“Well, if you’re not a robber,” shouting wine, “the storm is asking for us at the early warning, so that they would watch us, but if you want to use the poles of the customs, you’re supposed to defend yourself. What are you, Tatar, what is it? Are you Tatar? And say: Tatar?
And yet here Kuligin does not know what to say to you: "I want to think so, and I think, and there is no decree for me" -. Kudi you - wines and explanations of your own can’t be shown: they accept with likes, they say don’t give. Mimovoli here resonate 6 you will stop, if for any reason the fist replies, and for good reason the fist is no longer correct.
Ale - a miracle on the right! - at their own non-transverse, impenetrable dark volatility, giving new freedom to their primhams, putting them in all sorts of laws and logic, they start the tyranny of Russian life, however, they seem to be dissatisfied with that fear, they themselves don’t know before whom and why. Everything is given, like before, everything is good: Wild bark anyone you want; if it seems to you: “You can’t fit anyone in the house on you!” - Vіn self-satisfiedly vіdpovіdaє: "Axis go ti!" Kabanova trims, like before, in fear of her children, frightens the bride to try all the etiquettes of antiquity, їst її like a living thing, respect yourself as a whole infallible and savor different Feklushas. And everything seems to be restless, unkind. Krіm them, not sleeping, grew more life, with less cobs, and wanting far away, now you can’t see the good, but even now you give yourself a hint and help the filthy bachennya to the dark swaville tyrants. The stench is zhorstok joking at their enemy, ready to attack the most innocent, like Kuligin; but there is no enemy, no wine, which the stench could wreck: the law of the hour, the law of nature and history take its own, and it is important to die old Kabanovi, vіdchuvayuchi, that the power is greater for them, because the stench cannot be healed, until such a wind and step don't know how. The stinks don’t want to act (that nothing is still and does not change their deed), but they groan, quickly: the first stinks wanted to establish their system of life for ever unbreakable, and now they are trying to preach; but now it’s nadiya zradzhuє їm, and stench, in fact, dbayut less about those, as if it had become in the current century, Kabanova’s rozmirkovuє about those who “stay the hour to come”, and if Feklusha rose, about the difference of the hour of the present hour - about zaliznitsі etc., - she prophesied to respect: "I ger, love, be." - “We can hardly live to see it,” Feklusha said, “Maybe, and we will live,” - fatalistically, I seem to know Kabanov, revealing my doubts and unsungness. And why is there to worry? The people are to travel with the bays “so what is it? And the axis chi bachite: get out, “if you want її all golden osp”, don’t go for the devil’s winemaker; and the people travel more and more, not calling on її curse; hiba tse not summarily, hiba not є є її powerless? People have seen about electricity - guess what is there for the Wild Boars? Ale bachite, Wild, it seems that “the storm is asking us in the early hours, so that we could see,” but Kuligin does not think, but we must watch the wrong ones and tumble the electrics. Hiba tse not svavilla, not knowing the power of that meaning of the Wild? I don’t want to believe what I believe in, which means that I don’t believe in you, respect myself as reasonable for him; Decide, what are you leading up to? No wonder Kabanova mentions Kuligin:
“From the hour they came, as if the readers appeared! If the old one is so peaceful, why should the young ones be vimagati!
I Kabanova is seriously confused by the future of the old order, with which they have lived. Vaughn transfers them, tries to remember their meanings, but even more, you know that they don’t have a lot of trouble before them, that they are already reluctant to take them, only in passing, and that for the first time they should leave. Vaughn herself seemed to have spent part of her facial heat; no longer with too much energy, she won’t know about the dotrimanny of old zvichaїs, at rich vipadkas she already waved her hand, drooped before the impossibility of the sweat and only marveled at the sight, like wine flooding the giblets of the strings of the kvitniks її vibaglivih. Like the remaining pagans before the power of Christianity, so the born tyrants droop and are erased, suffocated by the course of a new life. Navit rіshuchostі come forward on a straight line, vіdkritu fight they have no; the stench only swears like a fool and pours out in empty scargs on a new rush. Skargi tsі always looked like the old ones, to the one that the zavzhdy of the new generation brought into life like a new, contrary to the colossal orders; but now the skargi tyrants take on a particularly gloomy, funeral tone. Kabanova only tim and vtishaєtsya, how else can I help to stand the old order until її death; and there - let it be zavgodno - you won’t be able to beat it anymore. Seeing the son on the road, she reminds her that everything is not rushing like she needs it: the son does not bow at her feet - she needs to yearn for the sight herself, but she herself did not guess; and the squads do not punish their wines, like living without a new one, they cannot punish, and when they say goodbye, they do not bow down to the earth; and the bride, having seen off the man, does not see and do not lie on the gank, to show her kohannya. According to Kabanov's ability, he tries to restore order, but even then he realizes that it is impossible to lead the right way in the old way; for example, if you want to take a gank out, just mark the brides in front of you, but don’t worry about vimagati ...
As long as the people of the frail age die, until that hour young people get old, - with this drive, the old could not be turbulent. Ale їy, bachite, it’s important not those who would have been someone to follow the order and learn the misunderstandings; It’s necessary, so that the order itself was undisturbedly preserved, deprived of short-term understanding, as if they were known to be good. In the high and rudeness of his egoism, one cannot rise to the point of reconciliation on the urochist principle, wanting to donate basic forms; that one cannot be judged by it, that which in it, well, is not consistent with the principle, is not worthy of a wild reconciliation, as if it were cherubal її lives. Boars and Wilds are now talking about those who only continued to believe in their strength. Fix your own, fix the stench, and don’t repay; ale stink to know what svavіllya svavіllya sche mátima to finish the expanse of doti, all the docks will be afraid of them; and why the stench is so zazjat, so zarozumili, so nasty to instill in the rest of the hvilini, of which he has already lost a trifle, like the stench themselves vodchuvayut. Chim Mensh Vidchuvyut of the Thus of the Divi, Tim Silnisha, enemy, a healthy dumb, to bring, pushas of pereni, Tim, tim nakhabnishe, be crazy to be the wires of the rosoma, putting it . Naїvnіst, with some Wild to say to Kuligin:
“I want to respect you shahrai, so I respect; and correct me not to the point that you are an honest person, and I don’t give a star to anyone, why I think so, ”that naїvnіst could not hang out with all its arrogant stupidity, yakby Kuligin did not cry out with a modest drink:“ That’s why you do you represent honest people? .. "Wild want, bachite, for the first time, if you try to vimagati in it, you want to show that it’s not only zvіchanostі, but also the splendid human logic. You know that if you know your guilt over yourself, law a healthy eye, sleepy for all people, then your pomp will suffer even more. And it’s the best way to come out - to the one whose claims are contrary to a healthy mind. Zvіdsi and develop in the new eternity that dissatisfaction and drativity. Vin himself explains his camp, if you talk about those, as it is important for you to see pennies.
“What do you punish me to work, if I have such a heart! Adzhe know what needs to be done, but I can’t do anything good. You are my friend, and I can help you, but if you come and ask me, I will bark. I'll see - I'll see, but I bark. So just tell me about the pennies, I’ll spit my whole inside; rozpalyuє all inside, that year ... Well. and in that hour, for what I wag the people.
The giving of pennies, as a material and primal fact, inspires a songful thought in the witness of the Wild himself: you know, like you are foolish, and blame those who “heart in a new way!” In other ways, you will find and do not see the goodness of your stupidity; but, in essence, his character is irrevocably guilty if the urological cleansing of a healthy eye is the same, as if it were necessary to see pennies. It’s important for you to cry for the axis of why: for the natural hisism of wine, it’s good for you; everything is navkolyshne yogo perekonu, scho tse good distaetsya penny; zvіdsi direct prihilnіst to pennies. But here yoga development is growing, itsism is being left behind in the borders of a special specialty and you don’t want to know, you can go to the suspіlstva, to your neighbors. You need more pennies - you know all the wines and want to take them only, but not to give them away. If, after the natural course of the right, you reach the vіddachi, then you will get angry and lament: you will take it like unfortunate, punished, like a burn, repeat, a fine, - and not like a heavy, legitimate payment for those who are for the new to shy away. So it is in the end: for the bazhannyam of goodness, I want space, independence; but you don’t want to know the law, which signifies the advent of that koristuvannya, be it rights in the court. Win only if you want more, more rights for yourself; if it is necessary to recognize them and others, then you will be blamed for your special goodness, and get angry, and try to force everything to the right and cross over to you. Navit if you know that you already need to give up, and give up later, but still, if you try to be naughty. “I’ll voddati - viddam, but I bark!” And you need to think, what is the meaning of giving pennies and what is the urgent need of її; I stepped into the sight of pennies and thought that it was impossible to possess them already, having robbed it even stupidly; in a different way, it would be worthless to spodіvatsya on the direction of the Wild for help, like namіrіv: the sound of foolishness is already so strong in the new, that you will succumb to the voice of your healthy mind. It is clear that none of the sensible perekonannya do not sound the dots, the docks with them do not stir up the dot for the new sound: Kuligina wines, not listening to everyday reasons; and if once in transit, on the Volz, the hussar vilayav, then he didn’t dare to get in touch with the hussar, but again he made his own image of a booth: two times after that, they all hovered in the hills and in the comoras.
For a long time we have been strumming on the lordly persons of the “Thunderstorm”, to that, in our opinion, history, which was played with Katerina, it’s more likely to lie down in that camp, as it will inevitably fall on її part of between these persons, they will be beaten, having stood up drunkenly . "Thunderstorm" is, without a doubt, Ostrovsky's finest tvir; mutually indignant tyranny and voicelessness brought to them to the most tragic legacy; and at the same time, it’s quieter, who read and bachili tsyu p’esu, it’ll be better if she copes with the less severe and summed, lower p’esi of Ostrovsky (not seeming, zrozumilo, about yoga etudi is a daily comical character). At "Thunderstorm" є navit schos osvіzhayuche and pіdbágyorlive. Tse "shchos" and є, on our thought, the background of p'єsi, instructing us and showing cunning and a near end of tyranny. Let us remember the very character of Katerina, which is painted on this aphid, that is on us in new lives, as it is revealed to us at our own death.
On the right, in the fact that the character of Katerina, like the victors of the Thunderstorm, is ahead not only in the dramatic activity of Ostrovsky, but also in all of our literature. Vіdpovіdає new phase of our folk life, vіn long ago vymahav his zdіysnennya in literature, our best writers whirled around; but the stinks could only comprehend the need for it and could not comprehend and discern its day; tse zoomiv robiti Ostrovsky.
Russian life has come to such a point that honesty is important, but the weak and the bezosobovy are not satisfied with the suspіlії svіdomosti and are recognized nowhere as adjuncts. Seen an unavoidable need in people, even if they are less beautiful, more dial and energetic. Otherwise, it is impossible: if the truth and rights are known, a healthy mind has been thrown into people, the stench will inevitably emanate not only the abstract from them (as the good heroes of the great hour shone so brightly), but they were introduced into life, into activity. But to bring them to life, you need to fix a lot of pereskod, which are represented by the Wild, Kabanovimi toshcho; for the underlayment, the change is needed, the characters are intrusive, rіshuchі, napoleglivі. It’s necessary, so that they got carried away, that impassioned power of truth and right was angry with them, as if they were breaking through in people, the mustache of the cross, set by Wild tyrants. Now there is a great task for that, as a character can be established and manifested, which is necessary for a new turn of life.
The Russian strong character of "Thunderstorm" is not so sensible and expressive. Vіn nasampered opposes us with its prolezhnistyu, be it self-righteous cobs. Not with the instinct of rampage and ruination, but not with the practical spritnistyu to lay down your power for the highest goals, not with the stupid, trilling pathos, but not with the diplomatic, pedantic rozrahunka є vin before us. Nі, vіn zoseredzheno-rіshuchy, nefariously true to the feelings of natural truth, sovnenie vіri in new ideals and self-confidence in that sensi, scho to you the death is better, lower life for quiet ambushes, like you are not accepted. We are led not by abstract principles, not by practical reflections, not by mittevim pathos, but simply by nature, by our own strength. $ tієї tіlіsnostі tа harmії іn thе nature оf yogo's strength and іstotna nebhіdnіst yogo at that hour, if old, wild vіdnosiny, vpravshiv be-yaku inner strength, continue trimming with zvnіshnіshnіshnіm, mechanical zv'yazyk. People, who are only logically aware of the stupidity of the tyranny of the Wild and Kabanovs, do not slander anything against them even to the one who knows logic in front of them; with no silologisms 7 you don’t change the lansy, so that the wine breaks down on the knot, the kula to, so that it didn’t hurt the beaten; so don’t overdo it and repair the Wild one smarter, don’t overdo it at home - don’t listen to it: nail it to your ears, that one year, - what are you working with? It is obvious that the characters, strong on one logical side, are guilty of developing even more wretchedly and mothers are even weaker, having poured into the wild activity there, in all life they follow not logic, but svaville.
Rishuchy, tsilisny Russian character, scho among the Wild and Kabanovyh, є in Ostrovsky in the female type, і tse did not spare its serious significance. It seems that extreme nights are fought by extreme nights and that the strongest protest is the one that rises from the breasts of the weakest and most tolerant. The term, on which Ostrovskiy posterizes and shows us the Russian life, does not stand in the wake of the huge and sovereign ones, but is surrounded by family; in the family, who is most exposed to all the oppression of tyranny, if not a woman? What kind of clerk, pratsіvnik, servant of the Wild can be a style of persecution, slaughter, expulsion from an individual, like his squad? Who can boil a stylka of grief that bewilderment against the stupid fantasies of a petty tyrant? І at the same hour, who is less її able to raise one's own self, to move in the direction of the one who is fluid? Servants and clerks were tied only materially, by a human rank; stench can deprive a petty tyrant, how to know one's own place. The druzhina, behind panivniy understanding, is tied to her inexplicably, spiritually, with additional sacraments; if a person is not timid, it is the fault of you to groan and share the stupidity of life with him. That yakby, nareshti, she could drink, then where would she go, what should she do? Curly, it seems: “I need the Wild One, I’m not afraid of yoga and I won’t give yoga over myself.” It’s easy for people, as it came to the knowledge that it’s really necessary for others; hello woman, squad? Need more money now? Chi is not out herself, navpaki, everything is taken in the form of a person? The person gives life, napuє, yearє, dress, protect її, give їy the camp in the confinement ... Why don’t you dare to sound tight for the person? Why don’t people seem to be reasonable, emphasizing young people in the form of friendship: “The squad is not a bast shoe, you won’t throw off your legs”? And on the bottom of the thought, the most common retinue of the squads of bast shoes in that and polyagaє, that they will bring from themselves a whole load of turbot, such people can’t be taken, just like a bast shoe gives only a little hand, and if it’s not handy, then you can easily throw it off ... in a similar camp, a woman, sensibly, is guilty, forget that she is such a person herself, with the same rights, like a man. She can be less demoralized, and if her specialness is strong, then take away schilnist to that tyranny, for which she suffered. Tse mi y bachimo, for example, at Kabanis. Її tyranny is only now and more dribnier and that, it is possible, more stupidly for a person: make it smaller, then in your borders, on the quiet, who already got caught by you, it’s more unbearable. Bark wildly, Kabanova grumble; that one came and it was cut off, but for that one, his victim was not available for a long time; to make noise through your fantasies and to pester the baiduzhi to your behavior, until it hits the new one; The kabaniha created her own world of special rules and zabobonnyh zvichaїv, for yakі to stand behind the stupidity of tyranny, Vzagali - in zhіntsi, like to instill the station of an independent and con amore govern in tyranny, you can see it її її privorіnja їїnjakovo powerless, sadly: pidozrilikh, soulless in their own powers; a healthy mind won’t be given away not to the one who doesn’t care about him, but rather to the one who’s afraid of not getting into him: and different times, reminding me that I am Feklusha.
It dawned on me that if a woman wants to wiggle out of such a camp, then she will be serious and daring on the right. As for Curly, there is nothing to quarrel with the Wild One: offensive stinks are needed one by one and, then, from the side of Curly, special heroism is not necessary for the hanging of one’s might. Then you won’t do anything serious: cook some wine, Wild will threaten you to become a soldier, she won’t, Curly will be pleased with you, that you’ve grown up, but do it again like before. Not those with a woman: it is the fault of the mother, richly strength of character is already in order to express their dissatisfaction, their strength. At the first try, they will give an idea that there is nothing, that they can crush. Vaughn knows what is true, and can reconcile; otherwise, to hang a threat over it - to come, lock it up, deprive it of penitence, on bread and water, let the light of the day go by, try all the home remedies for the good old hour and bring it to pokirnost. A woman who wants to go to the end with her rebel against the ignorance and svaville of the elders among the Russian family, is guilty of vikonan of heroic self-confidence, guilty of everything and is ready to everything. How can you show yourself? Where are the styles of character? On the whole it is possible to confirm that the natural evils of human nature are not possible for the sake of evil. On the right, it went to the point where it was already impossible for him to show his humiliation, the axis won and rushed from the new, now not from the world of that, which is shorter and stronger, but from the instinctive exercise of that which is tolerable and possible. Nature replaces here and mirkuvannya rozum and perhaps it seems that it will show: everything is angry with the savage almost the organism, which vimages again, even, freedom. Here I understand the mystery of the integrity of the characters, which appear in environments similar to quiet ones, like we played in the Thunderstorm, in an environment that reminds Katerina.
In such a rank, blaming the woman's energetic character as a whole, it confirms the position, to which the tyranny in Ostrovsky's drama has been brought. It went to the extreme, to the point where it was a healthy mind; it is more low, if it is better than the natural forces of humankind and baked much more, the zupinity of their developments, so that in the tract of theirs to see the nearness of their inevitable death. Through it, even more calls for remembrance and protest from the weakest sources. And at the same time, tyranny, as we fought, lost its self-confidence, spent its firmness in children, spent a significant part of its strength, as it seemed to inspire fear in everyone. Therefore, the protest against the new is not drowned out right on the cob, but it can turn into a baked fight. You, it’s still bad to live, now you don’t want to rizikuvat on a similar struggle, spodіvayuchis that tyranny will not live so long. Cholovik Katerini, young Kabanov, I want to endure a lot in the sight of the old Kabanikh, but all the same, I’m worse: I can drink it to Savel if you happen to be old, so on whom to turn your heart - to throw off your squad ... So live your own life and change your character, nothing more than an appendage, everything is in a secret hope, that it seems to be at will. Druzhina yogo is not able to hope, no breath, it is not possible to rest; if you can, then let it live without sighing, forget that it’s free to repeat in the world, let it speak of your nature and swell with the primal despotism of the old Kabanikh. Ale ash and light, in spite of the usual precautions of the guinea of tyranny, rush into the cell of Katerini, they see the possibility of satisfying the natural sprazy of their souls and cannot be left unharmed: they are torn to a new life, wanting to die. What is death? All the same - she doesn’t care about life and those animals, as if they had fallen to the lot of the Kabanovs’ homeland.
Katerina zovsіm not to grow up to violent temperaments, not at all satisfied, to love to ruin, be it. Navpaki; tse character is more important to create, love, ideal. Vaughn is marvelous, navigated by the sight of those who look away; albeit to the fact that she can’t accept it in herself, look, she’s sick. You will take materials from them, otherwise take no stars from them; but I don’t take visnovkіv, but whisper them myself, and often I’m invited to come not before what the stench calms down. In the dry, one-man life of his youth, in rude and obnoxious understandings dovkilla she won forever, brothers, those who had the weather with natural exercises of beauty, harmony, prosperity, happiness. At rosemaries, mandrives, at earthly slopes and voices, it was not a dead form, but something else, which constantly jumped її heart. On the basis of them, there was another light, without predilections, without consumption, without grief, light, all dedication to goodness and happiness. But in what goodness does good work for a human being, she could not signify herself; the axis of why tsі raptovі poriv yakihos nesvіdomih, obscure pragnen, about yakі out of sight:
“Sometimes, it used to be, it’s early, I’ll go to the garden, just a little more sun rises, I’ll fall on my knees, pray and cry, and I myself don’t know what I’m praying about and crying about; so know me. I didn’t know about what I prayed for, what I asked for; I didn’t need anything, I had enough of everything.”
In the gloomy atmosphere of the new sim, Katerina began to feel the lack of fineness, which she thought she would be satisfied with earlier. Under the important hand of the soulless boar, there is no space for the bright bachennyas, as there is no freedom for the senses. At porivі nіzhnosti to cholovіka out want to embrace yogo, - the old shout: What are you hanging on your neck, shameless? Bow down at your feet! You want to be deprived of one thing and droop quietly, like it used to be, and the mother-in-law seems to say: “Why don’t you see it?” She’s joking light, apparently, if you want to die and have fun, water your lives, marvel at the sun, at the Volga, send your inoculation to all living things, - and її cherish in captivity, they constantly suspect unclean things, let them think. Vaughn shuksya prituka, like before, at religious practice, at the windows of the church, at the pastoral roses; but here I don’t know a lot of hostility. Hammered by daytime work and eternal bondage, it’s no longer possible with much clarity to dream about angels, like they sleep at the smokestack, illuminated by the sun, you can’t show your paradise gardens with their indestructible look and joy. Everything is gloomy, it’s scary around her, everything is cold and I’m like an enchanting threat: and the faces of the saints are so suvori, and the church readings are so grim, and the roses of mandriving are so stingy ... herself: she already has no desire to see again, that one is not satisfied with that unfamiliar manifestation of bliss, which she had enjoyed earlier. Vaughn got married, other women, real ones, slipped through her; not knowing any other career, krіm sіm'ї, іnshо svіt, rіm thаt, thаt wаѕ thаt hаd hаd hаd hаd fοr hеr її її її міїмії, won't, wiserly, begin to assimilate from the us of human prajna those that are in any case imminent and closer to the fire, - love . At a certain hour, my heart was full of thoughts, she did not show respect for young people, as if they looked at her, but only laughed. Vikhodyachi zamіzh for Tikhon Kabanov, she did not like yoga; out there, I didn’t understand anyone’s sense; they said that if the girl needed to come out, they showed Tikhon as a future man, she went for him, being completely indifferent to the next crock. And here the peculiarity of the character is also manifested: behind our great understanding, it was possible to repair the opera, as if in it a decisive character; ale won and don’t think about the opir, for that which can’t have enough support for it. Їy there is no special poluvannya coming out of the zamіzh, but there is no ogid in the zamіzhzhya; there is no love for Tikhon, but there is no love for anyone else. Їy everything is still, the axis of why won and allows you to work with yourself forever. With whom you can’t bachiti or powerlessness, or apathy, but you can know only a little knowledge, and also a great readiness to work everything for others, little for yourself. She has little knowledge and a lot of trustworthiness, the axis of which until one hour won’t show the opposites of the desolate and hate more than patience, less robit for evil. But if you don’t mind, what is necessary, and if you want to reach something, then you will achieve your own life: here the strength of your character will manifest itself, not spent in bright windings. On the back, for the innate kindness and nobility of your soul, we will work all possible zusilla, so as not to destroy the rights of others in the world, so as to take away the bazhan with the possibly great dotrimannym of our strength, as if they are superimposed on it by people who believe it; And even if the stench can speed up to the primal mood and indulge in giving it a little satisfaction, kindly and їy and їm. Ale, yakshcho nі - you won’t rattle before anyone, - the law, controversy, call, human court, the rules of reasoning - everything is known to her before the power of the inner pull; don't hurt yourself and don't think about others. Having introduced herself to Katerina, it was the same kind of situation, and it was impossible to recognize the middle of this situation, in which you are out of the way.
Feeling love for a person, a hope to know disputes in a different heart, the need for lower people by natural order has been added to a young woman and changed її її її її її її її її її її її її її її її її її її її її її її її її її її її її її її її її її її її її її її її її її її ї її її її її її її “At night, Varya, I can’t sleep, - rozpovida vona, - all the same whispering keeps freezing: if you want to speak so affectionately to me, why do you coo blue. Do not take off me, Varya, like before, heavenly trees that burn; but it’s as if someone hugs me so hotter, hotter than you hit me, and I’m going after him, I’m going…” ale, ozozumilo, the stench retried and tormented її zadovgo first, lower she herself could give herself a call from them. At the first manifestation of them, she immediately turned her senses on those who were closer to her, - on a person. For a long time, Vona dreamed of giving birth to her soul with him, sing to herself that nothing is needed with him, that in the new there is bliss, which he so anxiously whispers. Vaughn with fear and zdivuvannyam marveled at the possibility of shukati mutual kokhannya in komus, krіm new. At p'yesі, yak finds Katerina already with an ear of love to Boris Grigorovich, you can still see the remains of Katerina's soulfulness - let's make our own man. The scene of farewell to him gives us a sense of what has not yet been spent for Tikhon, what else can save your right to love this woman; but this scene in short, but sharp drawings conveys to us the whole story of the katuvan, as if they embarrassed Katerina, so that they would first feel like a person. Tikhin is here simple-hearted and vulgar, not angry at all, but to the extreme without character, as if he could not do anything in front of his mother. And mothers are a heartless soul, a fist-woman, what to avenge at Chinese ceremonies and love, religion, and morality. Between her and between her retinue, Tikhin represents one of the faceless quiet stingy types, they sound like they are called neshkіdlivy, wanting to stink in the sensual sense of the floor and shkіdli, like tyrants themselves, to serve as their true helpers. Tikhin himself loves his squad and prepares to do everything for her; ale gnіt, under yakim vіn virіs, so yogo ponіvechiv, scho in the nym no strong sense, no rіshuchogo pragnennya can’t rise, є conscience, є bazhannya goodness, al vin fast є against yourself and serve as a mother’s sisters to the friend.
Ale is not like them the new revolution of the people's life, about which we spoke more, that kind of image that they knew in the character of Katerina. In this particularity mi Bachimo is already mature, from the depths of the whole organism, which is due to the power of law and the expanse of life. Here I don’t notice, I’m not sensitive, I didn’t give a piece of awakening to us, but life is a necessity of nature. Katerina does not believe, does not flirt with her discontent and anger, - not in her nature; she does not want to impress 8 on others, she will stand up and boast. Navpaki, live there peacefully and ready to be greeted by everything, which is not contrary to nature; the principle of її, yakbi wona could learn and recognize yoga, but the bit toy, schob yaknaimshe osobististyu obzhuvat іnshih і turbuvati zagalniy perebіg prava. Ale zate, knowing and respecting the misdeeds of others, she will vimage the very thing and to yourself, if it be violence, all sorts of sorom's anger will overwhelm you bloody, deeply. Yakby could not, she would drive away everything that was wrong and mischievous to others; ale, not in the zmozі zrobiti tsgogo, ide yde zvorotnym way - she herself lives in the destroyers of that krivdnikov. Abi does not reconcile with these cobs, against her nature, Abi does not reconcile with their unnatural powers, and there you see - what is the best part of death for her - no longer marveling at the tse won: at that other fall for her, the order.
Katerina, the need for patience has been set, to know in oneself the strength to endure them for a long time, without marny skargs, in a way and whether or not there are noisy windings. She will endure until quiet fir, until she speaks of some kind of interest, especially close to her heart and lawful in her eyes, until such a powerful nature is depicted in her, without being satisfied, she cannot be calm. Then there is nothing to marvel at. She won’t go into diplomatic cunning, deceit and shakhraiv, - it’s not like that, the power of natural forces is unmemorable for Katerina herself, I won’t win over the usual strong forces, zabobons and piece combinations, in such a way of life її. Respectfully, theoretically, Katerina could not think of any of these combinations, could not speak of any of these other thoughts; she went against all of them, emboldened by the single power of her senses, by the instinctive evidence of her direct, invisible right to life, happiness that love ...
The axis is the right force of character, for every time you can swear! The axis of elevation, to which our people's life reaches its own development, but to which in our literature we have managed to rise even a little, and nothing is so good on it, like Ostrovsky. Vіn vіdchuv, scho not abstract vіruvannya, but life facts to manage people, not the way of thoughts, not principles, but nature is necessary for enlightenment and manifestation of a great character, and vin minds to create such a person, as to serve as a representative of a great national idea, іn action carrying great not on the mov, not in the head, self-going to the end in a nervous struggle and gyne, not calling self-confidence on the temple. Її vchinki perebuvayut at the harmony of її nature, the stench for her is natural, necessary, it cannot appear in them, although it is not enough for the harmful effects.
At the camp of Katerina bachimo, scho, on the contrary, all the “ideas”, inspired by children, all the principles of dovkіllya stand against these natural exercises and vchinkіv. Terrible is the struggle, like a young woman is condemned, it comes from the skin word, from the skin Russian drama, and all the importance of the introductory osibs, such as Ostrovsky is said to be, is demonstrating. Surprise garnenko: you see that Katerina is entwined in the understandings of the same with the understandings of the middle class, in which she is alive, and she cannot look at them, not looking forward to the theoretical enlightenment. Announcement of mandrіvnits and navіyuvannya domіnіvіnі hochі and were reshaped by her in their own way, but they could not help but leave a salutary trace in її souls: and indeed, bachimo in p'єsі, scho Katerina, having spent her regional dreams and shore-dwellings, pishnogovnі one thing is stronger - the fear of some dark forces, which is unknown, which she could not explain well, nor show off. For the skin of your thought, you are afraid, for the simplest thing, you will check your own curry; їy here, that the thunderstorm її vb'є, more there is a sinner; a picture of a fiery hell on the wall of the church as a porter of eternal torment... Dick to repeat that the storm in the early morning is trying to help us, sob we were watching; a lady came to instill fear in everyone in the city, showing a few times in order to shout over Katerina in an evil voice: “All the fire will burn in unquenchable.” All are utterly reminiscent of zabobonnogo fear, and all are ottochuyuchi, apparently to understand and Katerina herself, guilty of marveling at її almost to Boris like the greatest mischief. Navit zavzyaty Kudryash, espritfort of his middle, and that to know that the girls can walk with the claps if they want - nothing, but the women need to be closed. Tse perekonannya is so strong for him, that, having found out about Boris’s mess before Katerini, wine, without respect for his courage and deed, outrageousness, it seems that “throw the right thing.” Everything is against Katerina, navit and її vlasnі understanding about good and evil; all you can do is muse - drown out your strife and wither in the cold and gloomy formalism of family silence and submissiveness, without living living things, without will, without love, - or learn to deceive people and conscience. Ale, don’t fight for her, don’t fight to wind it up, if she herself seems to be against herself: she can either hurry for some hour, maybe, or inspire a bird to deceive, like a river, you can flow under the earth, or you can see into your channel; but the flowing water does not swell and not go back, but still go to its end, until that month, you can be angry with other waters and run at once to the waters of the ocean. The situation, in which Katerina lives, vimag, she was lying and deceiving: we have the whole hut on whom the whole hut is trimmed. I didn’t talk bullshit, she twisted it, if it became necessary. Katerina succumbs to her camp, goes to Boris at night, takes care of her mother-in-law for almost ten days ... You can think: the axis and the woman has strayed along the path, she has climbed up to deceive the household and rose the best, quietly, caressing the mother-in-law's mask in the distance! It would not be possible to call Suvoro її for the price: the camp її is so hard! Aletodіvona bula was one of the dozens of osіb of that type, which is already known in the stories, as it was shown, like “the middle ground is hitting good people.” Katerina is not like that; rozv'azka її kokhannya in all home conditions - you can see in the distance, more, like it’s not enough to go to the right. She is engaged in psychological analysis and it is impossible for her to hang up thin guards for herself; Whatever you talk about yourself, then already, it means that you strongly let yourself know. And there, at the first speech of Varvara, about the sacking of Boris with Boris, she screams: “No, no, no need! What the hell, God save me: if I flirt with him at least once, I’ll run out of the house, I won’t go home again for anything in the world! Tse in nіy is not reasonable protection, it seems, tse passion; And it’s already clear that she was streaming to herself, and passion is more for her, more for all її zabobons and fears, more for all navіyuvannya, I feel like a child. In my passions, all life is for her; all the strength of її nature, mustache її alive pragnennya angry here. Before Boris, її are not the only ones who fit vin їєy, who vin and in appearance and z promos are not similar to others, who will vanish її; to a new burden її and the need for love, ya didn’t know her own way in a man, and the image of almost a friend and a woman, and a deadly tightness of a single-mansion life, and a desire for freedom, space, hot, undefended freedom. There is everything, like “to fly invisibly, wherever you want”; otherwise it’s such a thought to come: “Yakby my will, I would ride now on the Volz, on the chovni, with songs, or on the trio on a good one, embracing ...” - “Only not with a man,” - suggest Varya, and Katerina can’t grab your feelings and immediately exclaim to the food: “Do you know?” It can be seen that Barbara's respect for her explained a lot of things for her: robbing her dreams so naively, she still did not understand their good meanings. But one word is enough to remind them of the thought of that appointment, as she herself was afraid to give them. Until then, she could still doubt that in some new one you would feel the bliss, which you so hard joke about. But if you have learned the word of mystery, you won’t be able to get in the way of your thoughts. Fear, doubt, a thought about sin and about a human court - everything falls down on a thought, but no longer has power over it; tse already so, formalities, for the purification of conscience. At the monolose with the key (left with another act), we have a woman, at the soul, which is not a safe cry, it has already been broken, but if you want, you just want to “speak” to yourself.
The fight, well, already over, there is no more than a small thought, the old ganchir'ya is cursing Katerina, and she is gradually throwing her off for herself ... The end of the monologue, you see your heart: out and in the forgetfulness of the whispering vigukuє: “Ah, yakby is no better!”
It’s such a mess, it’s almost like you can’t get along in the walls of a boar’s booth with success and deceit.
And for sure, she’s not afraid of anything, for the relief of the possibility of running away, talk with him, enjoy with him on these summer nights, with new feelings for her. Having arrived a man, and life became not in life. It was necessary to hide, be cunning; she didn’t want and didn’t want to; it was necessary to turn anew to your callous, tedious life, - it was given to those who were rich for money. The other thing was to be afraid of the swindler for himself, for his skin, his word, especially in front of the mother-in-law; it was necessary to be afraid of this terrible haunt for the soul ... Such a camp was unbearably for Katerina: days and nights she thought, suffered, exalted her mind, and without that hot, and the end of that one, which she could not bear the people who had gone to the gallery of the old church repented to all people. Reduce the will and calm poor woman: if you couldn’t get it right, even if you could show the rightness in front of these people. And now, as it were, she is guilty before them, she has broken her bindings before them, she has brought grief and slander to the family; now more reason for her can already bring that truth. What is being lost? Poshkoduvati about not far away trying to break free and deprive your thoughts about the kohannya that happiness, as if you had already left the paradise of the dream about the miraculous garden with a heavenly sleep. Get rid of it, swear by an independent life and become the unreserved servant of the mother-in-law, the lagid work of your man, and no longer dare to try to show your strength again ... Ale, not such a character of Katerina; let's not try to see a new type in her, creating Russian life, so that we will be recognized as a marvelous test and die after the first failure. No, she won’t turn back to a colossal life; even if you can’t enjoy your feelings, by your own will it’s legal and holy, in the light of a bright day, in front of our people, like in it those who knew it and that it’s so expensive, you don’t want anything in life, you won’t do not want.
I thought about the bitterness of life, as if you would need to be patient, to torment Katerina to such an extent that you throw it into a drunken camp. In the rest of the moment, it is especially lively to blink in її manifest all domestic fears. Vaughn screams: - “And anger me and turn me home forcibly! .. Shvidsche, sooner ...” And on the right, it’s skinned: you won’t be more a victim of a soulless mother-in-law, you won’t be forced anymore under the castle with a characterless and nasty person. Vaughn is angry!
Suddenly, so hotly so voluntarily; but still work, if there is no other way out. Good, what did the poor woman know, goodness for this terrible weekend. That is the strength of її character, that “Thunderstorm” and inflicts refreshing attacks on us, as we said more. Without a doubt, it would be more beautiful, as if it were possible for Katerina to take on a different rank of her tormentors, otherwise the tormentors could change and reconcile її with themselves and with life. Ale nі those, nі іnshe - not a bunch of speeches.
We have already said that this end is given to us in the future; it’s easy to understand why: a terrible cry of self-righteous power has been given to him, it seems that he can no longer go far, it’s impossible to live with її violent, dead cobs. Katerina Bachimo mi protest against the boars to understand about morality, protest, there are enough reports, votes and under home katuvans and over the absence of a day, for whom the poor woman rushed. She doesn’t want to be reconciled, she doesn’t want to covet the stingy crypts, like to give in exchange for her I live my soul.
Ale, and without any blessings of mirkuvan, just from the people, it’s all right for us to sing the order of Katerini - even through death, if it’s not possible otherwise. If anything we can see in the drama itself, it’s more terrible than to tell us that living in the “dark kingdom” is worse for death. Tikhin, throwing themselves at the corpse of a squad, a well-trodden lead, shouting at self-confidence: “Good for you, Katya! And now I’ve lost my life in the world and I’m tormented!” The p'esa will end with this viguk, and we are told that nothing could be invented stronger and more truthfully than such an ending. Tikhon's words give the key to the understanding of p'yesi for those who do not understand the day before; stench zmushuyut spying think already not about a love affair, but about everything in life, let's die alive, let's die like that - self-destructive! Vlasne kazhuchi, Tikhon's viguk is unreasonable: The Volga is close, who cares and rushes to you, how boring is life? But in that mountain of yoga, it’s hard for you, because you can’t do anything, you can’t do anything, bring on the one in which you know your goodness and order. Tse morally razbeschennya, tse iznischennya people feel harder on us be-like, naytragіchnіshої, podії: there you will perish in an hour, end suffering, often relieve the need to serve the zhalyugidny znaryaddy like abominations; and here - a steady, oppressive bіl, a relaxed, napіvtrup, like a stretch of rich rocky rokіv rotting live ... And to think that this living corpse is not one, not vinyatok, but the whole mass of people, slender to the deathly infusion of the Wild and Boars! I don’t spodіvatisya for them to swear - tse, wait, it’s greedy! Then, for the same old, fresh life, we have a healthy specialty, to know that we have the courage to put an end to these rotten lives, be-scho-be!
Notes
1 article N,A. Dobrolyubov "Dark Kingdom", also published in "Suchasnik".
2 Indifferentism - Baiduzhist, Baiduzhist.
3 Idiliya - happy, blissful life; Dobrolyubov has this word ironic in his mind,
4 Skepticism is sumnіv.
5 Anarchy - lack of control; here: the presence of a life that organizes the cob of life, chaos.
6 Resonate - here: firmly mirkuvati, bring your thoughts.
7 Syllogism is a logical argument, confirmation.
8 Imponuvati - follow, cope with the enemy,
9 Exaltuvati - here: zbujuvati.
Іz zakhoplennyam, z kohannya (Ital.)
Freethinker (fr.)
Earlier, in many episodes of Ostrovsky, they were commemorated, but it was not a comedy of intrigue and not a comedy of characters in a good way, but now, to which we would give the name "p'es of life", it was not too wide and that's not exactly right. I would like to say that in the first plan, the new one is always stale, not stale, no matter what, the atmosphere of life. Vіn do not punish nor lihodiya, nor sacrifice; offended stink Skoda you. Often offended by comedies, but not at them without a trace, it feels like it’s bogged down in you.
See that the camp is panuє over them, and vibrate them only in the fact that the stench does not show enough energy in order to get out of this position. The tyrants themselves, against whom, naturally, your senses may be stunned, with a respectful look, they show daily regret, lower your aggression: stench and honesty and instill sensibility in your own way, at the borders of punishing them with routine and supporting their camps. Ale, the camp is the same, that in the new it is impossibly new, a healthy human development ...
Drama "Thunderstorm" as "the best" TV by A. N. Ostrovsky. Law that logic of Kalinivskoy action. ... "Thunderstorm" is, without a doubt, Ostrovsky's finest tvir; mutually tyrannical tyranny and voicelessness brought in it to the most tragic last ... In "Grozi" є navit schos osvіzhayuche that pіdbágyorlive. Tse "shchos" and є, in our thought, the background of the p'єsi, instructing us and showing the cunning and the near end of tyranny. Let us sweat the very character of Katerina, who is drawn to this aphid, the same to new lives on us, as if it were shown to us at our own death.
Vіdsutnіst whether there be any law, whether there be any logic - the axis of the law and the logic of this life. ... Ale miracle on the right!
At your own non-perfect, unfailing dark volatility, giving new freedom to your primhams, putting them into all sorts of laws and logic, you start the tyranny of Russian life, however, you feel that fear of displeasure, you yourself don’t know what and why ... Krim. їх, without nourishing їх, it grew more life, with less cobs, and wanting far away, now you can’t see the good, but even now you give yourself a hint and help the filthy vision of the dark svavіll tyrants. The stench zhorstoko joke their enemy, ready to attack the most innocent, like Kuligin. Ale, there is no enemy, no wine, such a stench could be overcome: the law of the hour, the law of nature and history take its own, and it is important to breathe old Kabanov, vіdchuvayuchi, that the power is greater for them, because the stench cannot be healed, until such a wind and step I don't know how ... Image Tikhon and Boris.
At p'yesі, yak finds Katerina already with an ear of love to Boris Grigorovich, you can still see the remains of Katerina's soulfulness - let's make our own man. The scene of farewell to him gives us a sense that even here not everything has been spent for Tikhon, that you can save your right to love this woman. Ale tsya scene in short, ale sharp drawings conveys to us the whole history of the katuvan, as if they embarrassed Katerina, so that they could first feel like a person. Tikhin є ... simple-hearted and vulgar, not angry at the same time, but to the extreme without character, as if he could not do anything in front of his mother ...
Between her and his retinue, Tikhin represents one of the impersonal quiet zhalyugidnyh types, as if they are called neshkidlivy, wanting to stink in the sensi so shchidli, like tyrants themselves, to serve as their true helpers. Tikhin himself loved the squad and was ready to do everything for her. Ale gnіt, under yakim vіn virіs, so yogo poіvechiv, scho in the new no strong sense, odnogo rіshuchogo pragnennya can not rise. The new one has a conscience, a blessing of goodness, ale vin postyno die against himself and serve as a guardian to the mother’s guards, bring from his hundred-sacks to the squad. ...Boris is not a hero;
Vіn vystachiv "illuminate" and nіyak don't run into nі zі old pobutom, not in your heart, not in healthy mind, - to walk like an introductory... and do not understand what to shy ...
Osvita gave him the strength to rob the capo, - however, he did not give him the strength to resist the gidoti, as if to shy away others; it has grown into a new vibe to behave in such a way, so that it will become overwhelmed with someone else's moustache, which is swarming with a new one. And, what’s more, I don’t mind, I’m guilty of ordering other people’s guides, I’m willing to take part in them and I’m guilty of accepting all of their inheritance. About Katherine. ...Katerini's character, like a victoria in "Thunderstorm", to become ahead of Ostrovsky's dramatic activity, and in all of our literature. Vіdpovіdає novіy phase іn our national life, vin mаvаv іn іѕ dіysnennya іn literature long ago... Russian life has gone far, nareshti to the point of goodness and importance, but weak and unspecial іstoti are not satisfied with the suspіlії svіdоstі і аnd acknowledgment.
Seen an unavoidable need in people, even if they are less beautiful, more dial and energetic. ... "Thunderstorm" has a strong Russian character... Vin, first for everything, opposes us with his protylezhnistyu, be a kind of arrogant cob. Vіn zoseredzheno-rіshuchy, unsatisfactorily true to the feelings of natural truth, spovnenie vіri in new ideals and self-confidence, in that sense, scho to you the death is better, lower life for quiet ambushes, like you are not accepted.
Rishuchy, tsilisny Russian character, scho among the Wild and Kabanovyh, є in Ostrovsky in the female type, і tse did not spare its serious significance. It seems that extreme nights are fought by extreme nights and that the strongest protest is the one that rises from the breasts of the weakest and most tolerant. ... We are in front of you, the invisible originality of his character is hostile to you.
There is nothing outwardly, alien, in the new, and everything comes out as if in the middle of yoga. Be it as if the enemy is transformed into a new one and then it grows organically.
Katerina zovsіm not to grow up to violent characters, not at all satisfied, to love ruin, be it ... Navpak, it’s more important to create, love, ideal character. ... She’s joking light, again, if you want to die and have fun, water your lives, marvel at the sun, at the Volga, send your inoculation to all living things, - and they’ll tremble in captivity, they’ll constantly suspect the unclean, let them think. Vaughn shukaya prituka, like before, in religious practice, at the windows of the church, at the pastoral roses.
But here I don’t know a lot of hostility. Hammered by daytime work and eternal bondage, it’s no longer possible with much clarity to dream about angels, like they sleep at the smokestack, illuminated by the sun, you can’t show your paradise gardens with their indestructible look and joy. Everything is gloomy, it’s scary around her, everything is in the cold and I’m like an enchanting threat: and the faces of the saints are so suvori, and the church readings are so gritty, and the roses of mandriving are so stingy ... she herself: she already has no desire to see her again, she is not satisfied with her, she is not happy with the sight of bliss, which she had enjoyed earlier.
Vaughn got married, other bazhanya, real ones, slipped through her. Knowing no other field, krіm sіm'ї, іnshо svіtu, rіm thаt, slaving for her in the support of її place, out, wisely, and begin to assimilate from the us human pragmas, those who in all things are imminent and closer to her, are closer to her, - vіddanostі.
He has little knowledge and a lot of trustworthiness, the axis of which until one hour won’t show the opposites of the restless and hate more than patience, less robit for evil. But if you don’t mind, what is necessary, and if you want to reach something, then you will achieve your own life, here the strength of your character will manifest itself, not spent in bright windings. About the death of Katerina as a rozvyazannya conflict. ... Kіnets tsey is given to us vtіshnim; it’s easy to understand why: a terrible cry of self-righteous power has been given to him, it seems that he can no longer go far, it’s impossible to live far with її violent, dead cobs.
Katerina Bachimo mi protest against the boars to understand about morality, protest, there are enough reports, votes and under home katuvans and over the absence of a day, for whom the poor woman rushed. You don’t want to be reconciled, you don’t want to covet with a greedy syavi, like giving it in exchange for її I live my soul. Її death - this song is full of Babylonian ...
Ale, and without any kind of blessing, just like a human being, it’s a pleasure for us to fight Katerini’s order - even through death, if it’s not possible otherwise. If anything we can in the drama itself, it is more terrible to know, how to tell us that living in the "dark kingdom" is worse for death.
Why N.A. Dobrolyubov to work as a literary critic?
· How can a critic reach out to literature?
· What type of hero was portrayed by O.M. Ostrovsky?
· What is the “dark kingdom”, behind what principles is it alive and how yogo camp in the era, zmalovanu in “Thunderstorm”?
· Yaka zagalna assessment p'єsi N.А. Dobrolyubim? How do 2 factors signify “enlightenment” for the finale?
· What kind of nature does Katerina stand at the statue of Dobrolyubov? How is it explained the psychological and social causes of love before Boris?
· What is the characteristic of the images of Tikhon and Boris?
· How does the critic evaluate the fifth act of the letter? What, in Dobrolyubov's thought, is the tonality of the final?
Not long before the appearance on the stage of "Thunderstorms" we were deciphering all the works of Ostrovsky. Even though the readers didn’t forget, we came to the same result that Ostrovsky can more deeply understand Russian life and more vividly portray the most important sides of life. "Thunderstorm" unexpectedly became a new proof of the justice of our conviction. Himself in the best way critics, please, make sure that the reader himself, based on the established facts, instantly develops his own whiskers. We are a group of data, robimo mirkuvannya about scorching sensational creation, it is possible to set yoga to action, in which we live, we show our visnovok and we try to furnish yoga highest rank And yet, when you start, you should try to keep it up so that the reader can easily voice his judgment between us and the author. I have always had those thoughts, which are no longer factual, real criticism and may be a sensation for the reader. If something works, then show us what it is in the new: it’s richer, lower, go into the world about those who cannot be in the new and who should be in the new. To the peace of the writer’s worth, but okrem to the creation, we accept those, how much stench they serve as a viraz of natural pragnen of the hour and the people. The natural exercise of humankind, brought to the simplest sign, can be expressed by two words: "let us be good." It dawned on me that, pragmatically, mark, people, in fact, did it, they were guilty of drinking: they wanted leather, so that it would be good for you, and, stridzhuyu their good, respecting others; vlashtuvatsya so that one does not respect one, they have not yet taken it. The writer of the dossi bula was given a small role in this Russian people to the natural cob, in which case it turned out. In fact, in its own way, the literature has no real significance, it doesn’t just convey those that need to be worked up, but it depicts those that have already been fought and broken. In the first mood, then in the indulgences of the possible activity, take your materials and ideas from pure science; for another - from the very facts of life. In such a rank, apparently, literature is the power of service, which is significant in propaganda, and goodness is recognized by it, which is like propaganda. Literature, vtim, had a lot of splinters of dyachivs, as if their propaganda had high floors, so that neither practical children could be overthrown for the benefit of humanity, nor people of pure science. These writers were gifted with a lot of nature, which made them as if by instinct to get close to the natural to understand and pragnen, such as the other philosophers used to joke about with them for the help of suvor science. Not only that: the truths, like philosophers only spoke theoretically, the writers of genius managed to scrounge in life and images in action. Such a rank, servants by the inconspicuous representations of the cursed step of the human svidomosti at the same time of the ethnicity of the life of the lives of people, the same Malyuyuchi, the stench was pushed over the service of the Litrateraituri. natural nahiliv. Such a buv Shakespeare. In this rank, knowing the literature of the smut meaning of the rose of the life of the phenomena, we see it alone as a quality, without which in it you can’t have everyday troubles, but you yourself can’t tell the truth. It is required, in fact, that the author and the wine he presents to us should be presented correctly. When you don't know, literary TV consuming whether it’s significant, it’s becoming shkidlivim, to serve not until the enlightenment of human knowledge, but, on the other hand, even more darkness. And here we would have become vainly shukati in the author of this talent, krіm hiba the talent of a liar. In works of historical character, the truth may be factual; in fiction, de podії vigadanі, it will be replaced by logical truth, so reasonable imovіrnіstyu and vіdpovіdnіstyu to іsnuyuchogo overflow of the right. Ale, the truth is a necessary mind, but not yet a good work. We are judged about the goodness of the author from the breadth of the author’s glance, the correctness of the mind and the liveliness of the image of quiet creatures, which I bumped into. Let us repeat here only one respect, which is necessary so that the champions of pure art do not call us again at the introduction of "utilitarian themes" to the artist. We don’t think that the author can create his own creation under the infusion of inspired theory; you can have some thoughts, but Yogo's talent is chuyny to life's truth. Artistic TV then, perhaps the author of yoga was struck by such facts of reality, among them the idea is clear by itself. The readers of "Suchasnik" remember, it is possible that we put Ostrovsky on a higher level, vvayayuchi, that we are even more and richly minded in depicting the essence of the side of that powerful Russian life. The current practice of Russian life, in the broadest worlds, knows its own expression in Ostrovsky, like a comedy, from a negative side. Little to us at the picture of a scary hybni stosunki, with usma їkhnіmi nasledkami, vin through those same є in the moonlight, scho to help the best extension. Svavilla, on the one hand, and the marriage of the rights of one’s own specialty, on the other hand, - the axis of the substantiation, on which there are all the dissimilarity of the mutual vodnosins, which develop the most important comedies of Ostrovsky; the power of law, legality, respect for the people - the axis is felt by the skin of a respected reader from deep incongruity. Ale not vin sklav t tipi, so yak not vin vigadav і the word "tyrant". Those and more taking wine from their lives. It dawned on me that life, which gave materials for such comical situations, in which the tyranny of Ostrovsky is often put, life, which gave them a decent name, not slandered by all of them with a splash, but to take revenge on oneself for the makings of a reasonable, legal, correct order. And rightly so, after Ostrovsky's skin p'єsi, the skin is aware of yourself and, looking around at yourself, mark yourself in others. Wherever you look back, you wake up awakening to specialness, revealing your legal rights, a protest against violence and swaville, more afraid of it, inconsistency, ready to shovatsya, but still let you remember your foundation. Henceforth, the struggle, necessary for the theory of dramas, is found in Ostrovsky's p'ses over the monologues of diyovyh osibs, and the facts that pan out from them. Often, the characters of the comedy themselves do not have a clear understanding of the sensation of their camp and their struggle; then the fight is more clearly and clearly seen in the soul of a peeping man, who miraculously storms against the camps, giving rise to such facts. And why I don’t dare to respect the inconspicuous and occupied those individuals of Ostrovsky’s p’єs, yakı do not take part directly in the intrigue. In our opinion, these individuals are necessary for p'esi, like smuts: stinks show us the situation in which you live, paint the camp, which is the sense of activity of the main characters in p'esi. In "Thunderstorm" one can especially see the need for "uncommon" features: without them we can understand the appearance of the heroine and we can create a sense of everything that happened to the greater part of the critics. "Thunderstorm", as you know, presents us with an idyllic "dark kingdom", as Ostrovsky gradually reveals to us with his talent. But why should I work, how can I not sleep, if the stench is here? Your life is flowing smoothly and peacefully, everyday interests of the world do not turbulent, that which does not reach them; kingdoms can collapse, new lands emerge, the face of the earth can change like you always do, light can start a new life on new ambushes, - the inhabitants of Kalinov's town will be together, like before, in the city's unknown world. From a young age, show the deak’s drunkenness, but take the stars: the bridges go up to them, like at the old Russia of Danil the Pilgrim’s watch, only a few of the mandriving, that one is already quiet already a few right; to be satisfied with such people, like "themselves, from their own weakness, did not go far, but rather chuli", like Feklusha in "Thunderstorm". Among them, only the bagmen of Kalinovoy know about those who work in the world; Otherwise, they would think that the whole world is such itself, like Kaliniv, and that it is impossible to live any other way, lower the stench. Ale and vіdomosti, yakі podomlyayut Feklushі, so that not zdatnі navіyati great bazhannya to forget your life for another. Feklush to belong to the patriotic party and the world's most conservative; її good among the pious and naїvnih Kalinovtsіv: її and shun, and often, and do what is necessary; And I don’t call it that people are stupid and dumb for the rich others, which are miraculously in the academies and higher institutions. No, everything is right in the fact that they stink with their camp, with their lives under the gnat, svaville all the accustomed to already succumb to insincerity and stupidity, and to that they know to be indestructible and to inspire sharp, boldly to be fooled by reasonable ideas, who wouldn’t be there. You should not legitimize tyranny for yourself and set up an unbreakable system. That’s why, at the same time, with such broad concepts about one’s own freedom, one tries, however, to get used to all the possible entrances, in order to deprive oneself of this freedom, save oneself for oneself, in order to secure oneself in the form of some well-worn samples. To reach the goal, you should know how to act as a deacon, and want to stand up against them yourself, but stand firmly for them before others. Kіlka khvilin after replicas, in a yakіy Wild so rіshuche vydkidav, to the greed of a whim of power, all morally and logically substantiate for judgment about a person, - this same Wild one is attacked by Kuligin, if that, for an explanation of the threat, having changed the word "electricity". “Well, how can you not be a robber,” shouting wine: “a thunderstorm is sending us an early warning, so that they would watch us, but if you want to use the poles of the taverns like, God forgive me, defend yourself. What are you, Tatar, what is it? Are you Tatar? And, tell me: a Tatar?" And yet here Kuligin can’t tell you: "I want to think like that and I think, and there’s no order for me." You’ll stop resonating here, if for any reason the fist replies, and forever the fist is freed from rule... Ale - a miracle speech! in which all laws and logic, the tyrants of Russian life begin, however, they feel like dissatisfaction and fear, they themselves don’t know what and why. you can’t live up to anything in the whole booth!" - vіn self-satisfiedly vіdpovidaє: "the axis go ahead!" respect yourself as completely infallible and please yourself with different Feklushas. everything seems to be restless, unkind. Krіm them, not sleeping, grew more life, with less cobs, and wanting far away, now you can’t see the good, but even now you give yourself a hint and help the filthy bachennya to the dark swaville tyrants. The stench is zhorstok joking at their enemy, ready to attack the most innocent, like Kuligin; but there is no enemy, no wine, which the stench could wreck: the law of the hour, the law of nature and history take its own, and it is important to die old Kabanovi, vіdchuvayuchi, that the power is greater for them, because the stench cannot be healed, until such a wind and step don't know how. They don’t want to act like a stench (they haven’t yet managed to act in them), And why should they worry? To drive the people through the bays, - what is it? And the axis, chi bachite: get out, "if you want її all golden asp", do not go for the devil's winemaker; and the people travel more and more, not calling on її curse; hiba tse not summarily, hiba not є є її powerless? People have seen about the electricity - guess what is there for the Wild Boars? Ale, bachite, Wild, it seems that "the storm is asking us in the early hours, so that they could see us," but Kuligin does not understand, but we do not know the same, and talk about electricity. Hiba tse not svavilla, not knowing the power of that meaning of the Wild? I don’t want to believe what I believe in, - that means, I don’t believe in you, respect yourself as reasonable for him; Decide, what are you leading up to? It is not without reason that Kabanova mentions Kuligin: "The axis of the hour has come, as if the readers have appeared! If the old is so Mirkuh, the young vimagati is more likely! "I Kabanova is Surio Seryozha, the Maybutnim Old Rules, I won the zzil. save already reluctantly, only in passing, and for the first time you should leave them. боротьбою з здоровим глуздом величезної більшості людства, що прокидається. Звідси виникає постійна підозрілість, педантичність і прискіпливість самодурів: усвідомлюючи внутрішньо, що їх нема за що поважати, але не визнаючись у цьому навіть самим собі, вони виявляють брак впевненості в собі дріб'язковістю своїх I could and postiynimi, to the point of speech inconsistently, with conjectures and navіyuvanni about those who can be shanuvati. roses", in the scene of Kabanova with children, if there is a respected son on the pokirne: "how can I, mom, not listen to you", - I will recount: "I don’t respect even the elders!" and a bride, so that you win the soul from a third-party peephole. "Thunderstorm" is, without a doubt, Ostrovsky's finest tvir; mutually indignant tyranny and voicelessness brought to them to the most tragic legacy; and at the same time, it’s quieter, who read and bachili tsyu p’esu, it’ll be better if she copes with the less severe and summed, lower p’esi of Ostrovsky (not seeming, zrozumilo, about yoga etudi is a daily comical character). At "Grozi" є navit schos osvіzhayuche and pіdbagyorlivé. Tse "shchos" and є, in our thought, the background of the p'єsi, instructing us and showing the cunning and the near end of tyranny. Let us remember the very character of Katerina, which is painted on this aphid, that is on us in new lives, as it is revealed to us at our own death. Right in the fact that the character of Katerina, like the victors of "Thunderstorm", becomes a leader not only in the dramatic activity of Ostrovsky, but also in all of our literature. Vіdpovіdає novіy phase іn our people's life, vіn vymаvіv іѕ izdіsnennya іn literature, [Character of Katerini] opposes us in front of us with its protylezhnіstyu, be it some kind of arrogant cob. Not with the instinct of rampage and ruination, but not with the practical spritnistyu to lay down your power for the highest goals, not with the stupid, trilling pathos, but not with the diplomatic, pedantic rozrahunka є vin before us. Nі, vіn zoseredzheno-rіshuchy, unfailingly faithful to the feelings of natural truth, sovnenie vіri in new ideals and self-confidence, in that sensi, scho to you the death is better, lower life for quiet ambushes, like you are not accepted. We are led not by abstract principles, not by practical reflections, not by mittevim pathos, but simply by nature, by our own strength. In this wholeness and harmony, the strength of the nature of the yoga is stronger, that is the necessity of yoga in that hour, if old, wild blue, having spent some inner strength, continue trimming with a sound, mechanical sound. We inquired to ourselves: how, however, is a new exercise of a sane individual? With what kind of rice can the character be resurrected, with what kind of roaring will be the old, stupid and violent life? In the real life of the suspense that is awakening, we had less pressure on the top of our food, in literature - a weak repetition of these tensions; ale near the "Grozі" is folded їх qіle, with clear outlines; here we have a person in front of us, taken directly from life, but z'yasovana at the artist's witness and placed in such a position, as if to give him a better and better, lower, more splendid life. Rishuchy, tsilisny Russian character, scho among the Wild and Kabanovyh, є in Ostrovsky in the female type, і tse did not spare its serious significance. It seems that extreme nights are fought by extreme nights and that the strongest protest is the one that rises from the breasts of the weakest and most tolerant. The term, on which Ostrovskiy posterizes and shows us the Russian life, does not stand in the wake of the huge and sovereign ones, but is surrounded by family; in the family, who is most exposed to all the oppression of tyranny, if not a woman? It dawned on me that if a woman wants to wiggle out of such a camp, then she will be serious and daring on the right. For Yakudryash, there’s nothing to quarrel with the Wild One: offensive stench is needed one by one, and, then, from the side of Curly, special heroism is not needed to hang on to his might. Then I won’t do anything serious: cook some wine, Wild I will threaten to become a soldier, she won’t do it; Curly will be pleased with you, that you will grow up, but do it again like this and earlier. Not those with a woman: it is the fault of the mother, richly strength of character is already in order to express their dissatisfaction, their strength. At the first try, they will give an idea that there is nothing, that they can crush. Vaughn knows what is true, and can reconcile; otherwise, to hang a threat over it - to seize it, lock it up, deprive it of penitence, on bread and water, allow light of the day, recognize the good old days of the good old hour and bring it to pokirnosti. A woman who wants to go to the end with her rebel against the ignorance and svaville of the elders among the Russian family, is guilty of vikonan of heroic self-confidence, guilty of everything and is ready to everything. How can you show yourself? Where are the styles of character? On the whole it is possible to confirm that the natural evils of human nature are not possible for the sake of evil. Nature replaces here and mirkuvannya rozum and perhaps it seems that it will show: everything is angry with the savage almost the organism, which vimages again, even, freedom. Here I understand the mystery of the integrity of the characters, which appear in environments similar to quiet ones, like we played in "Thunderstorm" in an environment that reminds Katerina. Katerina zovsіm not to grow up to violent characters, not at all satisfied, to love to ruin, be-scho ... Navpak, it’s more important to create, love, ideal character. The axis of why it is trying to comprehend and flatter everything in one's own mind; That mood, in spite of that, behind the words of the poet, The whole world of the noble world Before him, purifications and homicide ... this mood, to the rest of the extreme, does not leave Katerina. The leathery dissonance won't be able to wait for the harmony of your soul, every short break from the fullness of your inner forces. Rough, zabobonnі opіdannya i gluzdі madny mandrіvnitsy transform in it on gold, poetic dreams show, not lakayuchi, but clear, kind. Be dim, so that the materials that appear to her are so one-sided: ale and with these miserable ways, її visually pracyuє untonally and take єїї into a new world, quiet and bright. Vaughn got married; not knowing any other field, krіm sіm'ї, іnshо svіtu, rіm moreover, which is slaving for her in the support of її place, out, wisely, and begin to assimilate from the us human pragmas, those who are all indispensable and closer to her, - are closer to her, - vіddanostі. At a certain hour, my heart was over something else, it didn’t show respect for young people, they looked at her, but only laughed. Vyhodyachi zamіzh for Tikhon Kabanov, she didn’t like yoga, she didn’t understand anything yet; they said that if the girl needed to come out, they showed Tikhon as a future man, she went for him, being completely indifferent to the next crock. She has little knowledge and a lot of trustworthiness, the axis of which until one hour won’t show the opposites of the desolate and hate more than patience, less robit for evil. But if you don’t mind, what is necessary, and if you want to reach something, then you will achieve your own life: here the strength of your character will manifest itself, not spent in bright windings. On the back, for the innate kindness and nobility of your soul, we will work all possible zusilla, so as not to destroy the rights of others in the world, so as to take away the bazhan with the possibly great dotrimannym of our strength, as if they are superimposed on it by people who believe it; And even if the stench can speed up to the primal mood and indulge in giving it a little satisfaction, kindly and їy and їm. Ale, yakshcho nі, - you won’t rattle before anything: law, controversy, call, human court, rules of reasoning - everything knows before the power of the inner pull; don't hurt yourself and don't think about others. Having introduced yourself to Katerina like this, it was impossible to recognize the middle of this situation, the middle of which is out of place. Tikhin is here simple-hearted and vulgar, not angry at all, but to the extreme without character, as if he could not do anything in front of his mother. And the mother is a heartless soul, a fist-woman, what to avenge at Chinese ceremonies - love, religion, morality. Between her and between her retinue, Tikhin represents one of the faceless quiet stingy types, they sound like they are called neshkіdlivy, wanting to stink in the sensual sense of the floor and shkіdli, like tyrants themselves, to serve as their true helpers. Tikhin himself loved the squad and prepared everything for her; ale gnіt, under yakim vіn virіs, so yogo poіvechiv, scho in the new no strong sense, no rіshuchogo pragnennya can not rise. The new one has a conscience, a blessing of goodness, ale vin postyno die against himself and serve as a guardian to the mother’s guards, bring from his hundred-sacks to the squad. Tikhin tezh vіdchuvaє, scho vіn not maє chogos necessary; newmu is also dissatisfied; but it’s out of place to be in a new floor, for example, for example, you can pull up to the wife of a decimal lad with a broken vein. To that same shukannya freedom in a new character of the conniving and shy unacceptable, but the liquid cynicism of a decimal lad, without sensation and inner need of a repeating guide, feel the views of the great. Tikhin, bachite, chuv vіd kogos, scho vіn "tezh cholovіk" and that is to blame for this mother's part of power; to put yourself in a rich place of the retinue and, respecting that God, judging patience and subjugation, - at your camp under the mother’s curiosity, marvel like a girka and humility. Katerina does not believe, does not flirt with her discontent and anger, - not in her nature; she doesn’t want to impress others, she stands up and boasts. Navpaki, live there peacefully and ready to be greeted by everything, which is not contrary to nature; the principle of її, yakbi wona could learn and recognize yoga, but the bit toy, schob yaknaimshe osobististyu obzhuvat іnshih і turbuvati zagalniy perebіg prava. Won to endure doty, docks do not speak to her of any interest, especially close to her heart and lawful in her eyes, docks are not depicted in her life so powerfully її nature, without satisfaction, she cannot be left calm. Then there is nothing to marvel at. You won’t go into diplomatic cunning, deceit and shakhraiv - not like that. Everything is against Katerina, navit and її vlasnі understand about good and evil. In my passions, all life is for her; all the strength of її nature, mustache її alive pragnennya angry here. Before Boris, її are not the only ones who fit vin їєy, who vin and in appearance and z promos are not similar to others, who will vanish її; to a new burden її and the need for love, ya didn’t know her own way in a man, and the image of almost a friend and a woman, and a deadly tightness of a single-mansion life, and a desire for freedom, space, hot, undefended freedom. Having arrived a man, and life became not in life. It was necessary to hide, be cunning; she didn’t want and didn’t want to; it was necessary to turn anew to your callous, hard life, - it was all for the worst kind of colossus. The other thing was to be afraid of the swindler for himself, for his skin, his word, especially in front of the mother-in-law; it was necessary to be afraid of this terrible haunt for the soul ... Such a camp was unbearably for Katerina: days and nights she thought, suffered, exalted her mind, and without that hot, to all the people who climbed into the gallery of the old church, repented of the last person. What is being lost? Poshkoduvati about not far away trying to break free and deprive your thoughts about the kohannya that happiness, as if you had already left the paradise of the dream about the miraculous garden with a heavenly sleep. Get rid of it, swear by an independent life and become an irresistible servant of the mother-in-law, a lagid work of your man and no longer dare to try to show your strength again. .. Ale ni, not such a character of Katerini; let’s not try to get into a new type, creating Russian lives, - so that we will be recognized only by a fruitless test and perish after the first failure. No, she won’t turn around to a colossal life: as if she can’t please her feelings, by her own will it’s completely legal and holy, in the light of a bright day, in front of the people, as if those who knew her and that she was so expensive, won’t I don’t want anything in life, I don’t want anything in life. The fifth act of "Thunderstorm" to become the apotheosis of this character, the flooring of a simple, deep and so close to the camp and heart of the skin of an orderly person in our society. The artist didn’t put any stilts on his heroine, didn’t let her wine inspire heroism, but stripped her of a simple, naive woman, like a bastard in front of us and to her “griha”. Suddenly, so hotly so voluntarily; but still work, if there is no other way out. Good, what did the poor woman know, goodness for this terrible weekend. That th strength of її character, that "Thunderstorm" and inflicts a refreshing anger on us, as we said more. Without a doubt, it would be more beautiful, as if it were possible for Katerina to take on a different rank of her tormentors, otherwise, as well as tormentors, they could change and reconcile її with themselves and with life. Ale nі those, nі іnshe - not in the order of speeches. Nі, їy bi it was necessary not for those who did it and felt better, but for those who were mother-in-law, everyone suddenly became happy with these living things, like they were adopted, to know the legality of її natural powers, to be right on the right primus and be reborn to the point where you can become worthy of love and trust. There is not much to say about those who are so reborn for them in the world ... Less impossibility showed even more decision - roll with Boris in the face of domestic violence. Irrespective of the strictness of the formal law, ignorant of the cruelty of rude tyranny, such short cuts do not show the impossibility of the powers that be, especially for such characters, like Katerina. Ale here and merge before us on a stone, which is trembling people in the depths of the virus, which we call the "dark kingdom". Kamin tsey - material staleness. Boris can’t lie down for nothing like his uncle – Wild; They ruled the Wild and Kabanovs, so that they could lead them to Kyakhta, and, obviously, they would not let them take Katerina with them. That’s why I’m sorry: “it’s not possible, Katya; I’m not going of my own free will, my uncle is strong, the horses are ready”, etc. deserted. Vіn vystachiv "illuminate" and nіyak not vporaєtsya nі zі old pobutom, not with your heart, not with a healthy mind, - to walk like a vtracheny. In a word, he is one of those very incompetent people, who cannot work those who understand, and do not understand what to shy. The type of them is richly depicted in our fiction - either with more sympathy for them, or with a bitterness against them. Ostrovsky gives it to us, like a stench, and we will especially sing you in the minds of two or three rices, they are completely insignificant, wanting, vtim, I will not spare the singing world of spiritual gentry. There is not much to say about Boris: wine, good, can be brought up to the situation, the heroine p'esi sips like a yak. Vіn represents one of the reasons why to shy away from the necessary fatal end of the world. Yakbi tse bula іnsha lyudina і in іnshoy stavishchi - like і b і at the water did not need to be thrown. Ale, in that river, the middle, the order of the forces of the Wild and Kabanovs, vibrating the sound of Tikhonov and Borisov, the old ones, take on their human nature, inspire with such characters, like Katerina. We said more sprats of words about Tikhon; Boris - such himself in essence, only "lights". Sanctified in the new strength of the work of the capo, - true; but it didn’t give you the strength to repair the opir to the hydots, like to shy away others; it didn’t grow in the new building to behave in such a way, so that it would be devoid of someone else’s moustache brydkom, which would swarm around the new one. And, moreover, what is not opposed, is guilty of subordinating to other people's guides, of wanting to take part in them and is guilty of accepting all the traces of Vtіm, about the significance of material stagnation, as the main basis of all the power of tyranny in the "dark kingdom", conducted a wide rozmov in our colossal articles. Therefore, here it’s only guessing about tse, to show the need for that fatal end, which may be Katerina in The Thunderstorm, and, then, I add the need for character, which is bi, under this situation, buv bi is ready to such an end. We have already said that this end is given to us in the future; it’s easy to understand why: a terrible cry of self-foolish power has been given to him, it’s like he can no longer go far, it’s impossible to live with її violent, dead cobs. Katerina Bachimo mi protest against the boars to understand about morality, protest, there are enough reports, votes and under home katuvans and over the absence of a day, for whom the poor woman rushed.
The article “Promenade to the Light of the Dark Kingdom” by Dobrolyubov was written in 1860 and dedicated to the drama “Thunderstorm” by A. M. Ostrovsky. The heading of a critical article has become a popular phraseological unit, which signifies a brighter manifestation, which invigorates the soul, in a foldable, confused situation.
For a brief preparation before the lesson of literature, it is recommended to read online a short essay "Promin light in the dark kingdom." The retelling of the article by Dobrolyubov will be corny for Chitsky scammer.
Mykola Oleksandrovich starts his article from the recognition of the fact that "Ostrovsky can more deeply understand Russian life and greatly depict sharply and vividly the naystotnishі її sides". Having guessed a few critical articles at the address of p'esi "Thunderstorm", I explain that many of them did not reveal the essence of creation to the whole world.
They gave the publicist to direct “brutish rules of drama”, among some wines, they especially emphasize “the fight against bias and borg”, while obov'yazkovo takes the upper hand of the borg. In addition, in the true drama, we can take the role of “suvora unity and succession”, the opening can be logically followed by the connection, all acting individuals and all the dialogues are guilty of taking the uninterrupted fate of the development of the drama, it’s not the fault of the go over to vulgarity ".
Starting to sort out Ostrovsky's p'esa, Dobrolyubov shows that the author did not reveal the most important drama to the whole world - "to call out to the moral bondage and show the consequences of the hoarding of addiction." Katerina is represented as a martyr, but not as an evil-doer. According to Dobrolyubov, the plot is filled with details and characters, and the language “turns over every patience of a twisted person.”
Ale, right there, Mikola Oleksandrovich knows that criticism is crammed into the breams of panivnoy theory, arguing himself on a fortune teller "to any progress, to all that is new and original in literature." Like an example of wine to induce the creativity of Shakespeare, like a zoom to raise the rive of human knowledge at an earlier inaccessible height.
The publicist states that all the things of A. M. Ostrovsky can be boldly called “the things of life”, the shards in them panuє “scorched, not stale, no matter how much of life, the atmosphere of life”. In his creations, the writer "does not punish hardship, nor sacrifice": insults, stinks are often ridiculous and lack of energy, so that the shares stand. In such a rite of "struggle, a theory of dramas is necessary", Ostrovsky's p'ses are not for the sake of monologues of acting osibs, but because of the circumstances that weigh on them.
So it is, like in real life, negative characters do not always carry a well-deserved punishment, just like positive heroes do not gain long-term happiness at the end of creation. The publicist resolutely analyzes the inner light of the skin from other rows and episodic characters. Vіn signifies that in p'єсі "it is especially evident the need for "unnecessary" osіb", with the help of such more precise and clearly visible character of the main heroine, and the sense of creation becomes more mindful.
Dobrolyubov means that "Thunderstorm" is "the best work of Ostrovsky", but with it, he manages "the enemy is less serious and less bad", lower mustache of the author. The "Grozi" feels "it's refreshing and poignant".
Dahl Dobrolyubov accepts to analyze the image of Katerina, which "becomes ahead of the curve" in the work of Ostrovsky, and in all Russian literature. The real action is so far that it will require “people who want less beautiful, but more active and energetic”. The strength of Katerina's character lies in the integrity and harmony: for a girl, death is more beautiful, life is lower in inhospitable and alien environments. Її the soul is inspired by “natural exercises to beauty, harmony, prosperity, happiness”.
Bring on the gloomy atmosphere of the new sim'ї Katerina "jokes light, check, if you want to die, she will have fun." On the back, whispering in silence in religion and spiritually saved roses, prote not to know quiet yaskravih and fresh enemies, which you need. Having learned, well, what is necessary, the heroine manifests "a whole strength of her character, not spent in drib'yazkovyh windings."
Katerina is full of love for that creation. At her own sight, she is trying to ushlyakhetnit that intelligence, which she feels. She has a strong “feeling of love for a person, a hope to know disputes in a different heart.” However, the life of Katerina is not given to the understanding of the її squad - the downtrodden Tikhonov Kabanov. You try to believe in those who are your share, “what is bliss in the new, who is so anxiously whispering”, protely all її іluzії are broken.
Tsіkave porіvnyannya heroin z great povnovodnoy rіchkoy, as if it was safe to bypass the mustache without crossing on its own way. Having raged, it breaks through the dams, but the seething її viklikans are not furious and angry, but need to continue their way.
Analyzing the character and motives of Katerina, Dobrolyubov to kill the visnovoks, what are the best solutions for the heroine of the flock to join Boris. At their own hot lot, they don’t call anyone, and alone in the silence for themselves to succumb to death, like a quiet, calm harbor. "It's vague, it's such a flurry," but Katerina simply can't go out any other way. The woman's own rіshuchіst robiti tsey uneasy kroє on chitachіv "refreshing the enemy".
Visnovok
In his article, Dobrolyubov should focus on what a mother needs to have enough masculinity and honesty in front of herself, to carry in her life, a warming light.
After knowing short retelling"Promin light in the dark kingdom" it is recommended to read Dobrolyubov's article in the latest version.
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