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Pedagogical look at Anton Semenovich Makarenka. Course work: Pedagogical system of Anton Semenovich Makarenka

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Main pedagogical ideas A.S. Makarenko

A. S. Makarenko about vimogi to the individual teacher

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Anton Semenovich Makarenko (1888-1939) - one of the teachers and writers of the state. Vin creatively rethought the classical pedagogical recession, taking an active part in the pedagogical upheavals of the 1920s and 30s. The spectrum of scientific interests Makarenka schodo methodology of pedagogy, theory of development, organization of development. The greatest report of the wines was able to show their own look, how the methods of the wihovny process are being used.

In this abstract, the main ones have a look at A.S. Makarenko, ideas, great to the point of being a reader. And who saved the ideas and principles of A.S. Makarenko donin's own relevance?

Wimoga to the individual teacher is one of the key problems. Age the teacher is the head, the key to stand with the society, the stones of the teacher itself, the specialty to lay the foundation for the education of children, and also, the future of the whole country. How important is the role played by the teacher and yoga specialty in our days? What is the mission of a modern teacher? The essence of yoga profession, what way can you be?

At the same time, if the country's education knows serious reforms, pedagogy is going through a black stage of its development. And here it’s important to signify what to take as a basis, shearing, be it a change. Well, in the midst of other positions of the specialty of the teacher, the role of the process of enlightenment, therefore, in the life of the whole society. Leaning in front of such food. We are unlikely to be able to give an immediate reply. And why don’t you turn around to help us to the classics of vіtchiznyanoy pedagogy, A.S. Makarenka?

Let's take a look at the main pedagogical ideas of A.S. From them you will be able to draw some ideas and take a look at the developments of our days and, obviously, make visnovo about the relevance of Makarenka's principles in our time.

Basic facts of the biography of O.S. Makarenko

Anton Semenovich Makarenko was born on the 1st birch, 1888 at the birthplace of Bilopill, Kharkiv province, in a simple robot family. Sim'ї Makarenka lived well. Ledve went to call kіntsi z kіntsy. Alebats firmly vyrishili to give synovі osvіtu. To that at 1895 roci

Anton enters early to the Belopil school, and then, in 1901, to the Kremenchuk choti-class school. І in Bіlopіllі, і in Kremenchutsі Anton became miraculous, seeing among his comrades in deep knowledge, breadth of outlook. At the document about the completion of the school in Anton, there were only five fives. Having completed his studies at the special pedagogical courses, Anton Semenovich Makarenko, having taken away his certificate, as if he was awarded the title of teacher of the primary schools with the right to teach at the two-class secondary schools in the Ministry of National Education. It was in 1905 that there was a turn, and even at the spring of that rock, at the two-class zaliznichny school of the small settlement of Kryukiv, which was planted on the right birch of the Dnieper, becoming a pratsyuvati new teacher - Anton Semenovich Makarenko. In 1914, a teacher's institute was opened in Poltava. Bliskuche svupnі іspiti, Anton Semyonovich Makarenka was insured by a student of the Poltava Teachers' Institute.

In 1916, Anton Semenovich was called up to the tsarist army. Close to the birth of the wines on the right military service, while in the birch 1917 Makarenko was not known from the military appearance: through short-eyedness. Anton Semyonovich turned to the Poltava Teachers' Institute. The institute finished first for success and was awarded with a gold medal. At 1917-1919r. I was in charge of the school near Kryukov. In 1920 having adopted the colony of a child colony near Poltava, they gave a colony to them. Gorky. At 1928-1935r. pratsyuvav at the children's commune im. Dzerzhinsky near Kharkov. From the fall of 1935, the fate of the wines - assistant to the head of the labor colony of the NKVS URSR. In 1937, A.S. Makarenko arrives to Moscow, where they come and see the literature and the supple-pedagogical activity. From the other half of the 1930s, Makarenka was actually adopted in pedagogical practice and in stay rocky occupied with the scientific and writing practice. From the beginning of the pen, pedagogical creations were created, which have already become classics: “Pedagogical poetry”, “Ensigns on the vines”, “Book for fathers” and others. On the first cruel year of 1939, Anton Semenovich Makarenka was awarded the Red Flag of Labor "For outstanding services in the gallery of literature." On the first Thursday of 1939, Anton Semyonovich Makarenko went from a modified script to Moscow, to a film factory. At the train youmu raptov became nasty. For a kіlka hvilin Makarenko died. Doctors ascertained rapt's death in view of the development of the heart meat.

The main pedagogical principles of A.S. Makarenko

A.S. Makarenko having developed the line of the pedagogical system, the methodological basis of which is pedagogical logic, as he interprets pedagogy as “practically leading science to us”. Such a pіdkhіd means the need for the manifestation of a lawful viability between goals, due to the results of vihovannia. The key point of Makarenka's theory is the thesis of parallel division, that is, the organic unity of the life of the society, the collective and specialness. With parallel education, “freedom and healthy development” are ensured, which one acts as a creator, and which is not an object of pedagogical infusion. The quintessence of the methodology of the system of education, for Makarenko, is the idea of a visionary team. The essence of this idea is the need for the formation of a single work team of teachers and education, the life of such a life-giving medium for the development of special features and individuality. Makarenko, unrepentantly, established themselves in the world, like in the countryside, in 30 years of command and administrative methods of management, opposing pedagogy to them, humanistic in essence, optimistic in spirit, adopted by faith from the creative power and ability of people. Makarenko's creativity came from the super-education of the Stalinist pedagogy, which planted the idea of cultivating the Gvintik people from the gigantic social machine. Makarenko was promoting the idea of the formation of an independent and active member of the society. Theoretically, the decline that the dosvid of Makarenka gained all-world recognition. Vіn vvazhav, scho robot vihovatel nayvazhcha, "possibly, naivіdpovidalnіsha and vіmagає vіd osobennosti yak vіbіlshої narug, and th great forces, great zdіbnosti".

Let's look at now ambush pedagogika A.S. Makarenka.

1. Vihovannya children from the team

The team is the contact group of people, which is based on advancing principles:

sleeping meta;

spіlna diyalnіst;

discipline;

organi self-rowing;

zv'yazok given team іz suspіlstvo;

According to the structure, the team is divided into 2 types: high-profile and first. Vihovannya can begin with the primary team. This is such a team, for which the okremі yogo members are rebuying with the postiy business, pobutovym, friendly and ideological association. The first team can create with the improvement of various principles. The first team is called a corral, on which the commander stands, which is called by the term from 3 to 6 months. Makarenko, being his first team for the age-old, virobnichim principle. It's a good time, if a friendly team has been built, having created various corrals. Vihovannya can be seen through a wild team, the head of the mind is the basis of any - the possibility of picking up all at once. The team develops through the stages of its development. Vіn їх pov'yazuє z pedagogical vimogy: the teacher himself visuvaє vimogi; an asset is being created and the teacher presents the help to the asset; a thought is created, tobto. a grouping of collectives is being created, such as a visuvaє vimogi to the individual; the specialty of the visualization is powerful up to itself.

The pedagogical team is a team of advanced students and adults. The organs of the child's self-rowing were well practiced. Legislative body - tse zagalni zbori of the entire pedagogical team, dekozhen may have the right to vote (virishal). Zagalnі zbori virіshuyut the most important nutrition of the life of the team. Vikonavchy organ - a group of commanders, which included the commanders of the first corrals and the heads of the commissions. They based commissions on the head.

2. Discipline and regime.

Discipline - tse zasib і method of vihovannya. This is the result of a vikhovnoy system. Vihovannya - tse moralization, tse good organization of the life of children. The logic of the discipline: the discipline can be influenced by the team; The interests of the collective stand more for the interests of the specialty, as the specialty speaks against the collective.

Mode - zasib (method) vyhovannya. Vіn is guilty of buti obov'yazkovym for all, exactly after the hour. The power of the regime: can be dotsilnym; accurate by the hour; obov'yazykovim for all; have a sly character. Pokarannya that zaohochennya. Vihovannya can be without warning, if vihovannya is properly organized. Early punishment may bring children moral and physical suffering. The essence of punishment at tsyomu, which the child is experiencing through those who have sued the collective, are of the same age.

3. Labor vyhovannya.

Makarenko is not thinking of his Vikhovanny system without participation in productive work. Yogo komunі pratsya little promiscuous character. Children practiced and started for 4 years a day. Opened the vechirnіy industrial college. The principle of complete self-sufficiency of the community.

The problem of family wives.

Makarenko write lectures for fathers about vihovannia, for those who have a deep mind of family vihovannia, write about father's authority, about labor vihovannia in sim'ї, about discipline, about state of vihovannia. In writing "The Book for Fathers", looking at the problems of pedagogical mastery and pedagogical technique.

Now let's look at collectivism in the understanding of A. S. Makarenka

“In the simplest of terms, collectivism means the solidarity of a person with society” (O. S. Makarenko).

This side of the specialty includes the following signs:

1. Time to practice with the team;

2. raising building to collective creativity;

3. comrade solidarity and mutual assistance;

4. active participation in the collective activity;

5. turbota about your team and yogo perspectives;

6. acknowledgment to himself by the ruler of the team;

7. performance for your comrades and for the whole team;

8. vmіnnya punish that pіdkoritisya comrade;

9. bajannya that need to order your interests to the team;

10. accepting collective perspectives and traditions like the best ones.

Anton Semyonovich developed and practically brilliantly won the principle of parallel to the specialty through the team. Anton Semenovich first scientifically developed the technique of vihovanya for a child collective

having looked at such food, like:

Budov team;

Mutually with the team;

Pedagogical help, discipline, keen that punishment;

Morally, that work vihovannya;

Robotic style;

Self-rowing, traditions;

Individual support for children.

Speciality and collective, collective and specialty... Development of their mutual relations, conflicts and their manifestations, intertwining of interests and mutuality - stood in the center, but in the entire pedagogical system. Makarenko stood up for the wide and new democratization of education and training, for the creation of a normal psychological climate in the child's middle, which gives the skin a guarantee of protection. A guarantee of free and creative development.

One of the rices of the democratic process of the universities of A.S. Makarenko, having respected self-regulation, which is not thought to be the development of a childish team, childish management. And it was not on the paper of the commune. No one was able to say the solution of the outrageous gatherings. Itself vono signified life, pratsy, pobut, dozvіllya, vіdpovchinok vsogo kolektiv, іnkoly і share odnієї people. "I have accepted the decision - I confirm" - the axis of the experience of viability worked wonders, even though it was overcome with great difficulties.

Anton Semenovich organized the pedagogical and labor process among the commune in such a way that “the skin child was included in the system of real performance”: both in the role of a commander, and in the role of a translator. There, de bula the system, having respected Makarenko, people often grow helpless, not attached to life.

The most important facet of the life of the university team Anton Semenovich, having respected the character of the teachers in common with his vihovantsy: domagavsya democratic, but not authoritarian; vіdnosin, zasnovanih on comradely splkuvannі, friendship in the process of spіlnoї dіyalnostі - in polі, bіla verstat, in class.

Vikhovatel - tse, we are a member of the team, that buv is already a mentor, a senior comrade.

The basis for the development of the individuality of the bulky Makarenok was respecting the early inclusion of children in the productive work, as to bring mischief to the team, the support of that very specialness.

Spying on the sight of the prominent Radians, Makarenko took the idea of practice and put it into practice. Ale, “Working without illumination, without the hromada, hromadsky vihovannya does not bring convictive coriste, it appears neutral” (A. S. Makarenko).

The fate of the productive work has changed the social status (stand) of the young people, transforming them into grown-up hulks with the use of rights and obligations;

Ale Anton Semenovich vvazhav, scho pratsya, yak not maє on vazі svorennya zіnnosti, є not a positive element of vihovannija.

The scribes of verbal, bookish writing, out of zarozumіlіstyu, chimed in the “corn of pedagogy”, then the stench christened the productive work of uchnіv.

The formation of the young generation also needs to be protected by injecting it, to that Makarenko A.S., having written the artistic and publicistic “Book for the Fathers”. The secret of the success of the "family" vindication of the wines of honestly wiping the fathers of their hromadyansky ob'yazka before the suspіlstvo. The special butt of the fathers, the behavior, the action, the setting to the practice, to the people, to the podia and speeches, the setting among themselves - all this adds up to the children, forming the specialty. These are the main provisions of the theory of development of A. S. Makarenka, yoga unique pedagogy, known to the whole world.

A.S. Makarenka about vimogi to the individual of the teacher

The role of the specialty of the teacher in the development and support of Makarenko. To understand the mind of Makarenka to the specialty of a teacher, let's look at the mind of the spiritual and illuminating process of the role of a teacher in a new one. Exploring the logic of the pedagogical theory of the Marxist-Leninist position about the essence of specialness as the totality of all the suspility of wines. Makarenko robbed vysnovok, which is super important for the pedagogy of vysnovok, which seems to us to become a “relevant object of the work of the spirit”. Sterzhuyuchi, that “before us, there is a dependent object - singularity and supremacy”, having fully respected that “to turn on speciality, to isolate її, to blame її z vіdnoshennia is absolutely impossible ... save the evolution of blue." The preparation of the specialty that is formed, to the suspіlny obov'yazkіv, to the singing system of fallows, which is known from the suspіlstvі, vіn having looked at it as the most important task of the teacher and vihovannja as a whole, and the teacher, the vyhovny collective - as a necessary mediation with the help of lanka.

Vihovannya okremoї individuals, as you know, Makarenko looked at the dialectical unity with the vihovannyam collective in a haze. "I don't care, - saying wine, - that it is necessary to vihovuvat okrem people ... it is necessary to vihovuvat the whole team." The creation of a moral contribution to the team's specialty can become the main setting of the teacher's work of the spirit. It is impossible not to lie to the prote and the fact that pedagogy swells to the specialty that is being formed, through the team at Makarenka’s creativity organically supplemented, for this terminology, individual pedagogy, that is the uninterrupted influx of the cultivator on the specialty of the child.

Humanism of pedagogy Makarenka.

We love the writer O.S. Makarenko buv Maksim Gorkiy, yogo optimistic, real pіdkhіd up to life with faith in the people. Makarenka's rich principles and glances are close to the spirit of Gorky's works, and the idea of a special teacher takes an important place in this system. So, Makarenko wrote: “A person’s garnet has to be constantly designed, and the teacher is to blame. Vin is guilty of coming to a person with an optimistic hypothesis, to bring mercy with such a risk. The first axis to project in people is better, stronger, more powerful, you need to learn from Gorky ... Gorky is able to work in people's positive forces, but you won't be able to stand before them, if you don't lower your power to judge the people of the future. Such a setting is up to the people є Marxist settings.

One of the heirs' successors and promoters of pedagogical ideas Makarenka was a prominent Radyansky teacher V.A. Sukhomlinsky. Drawing on the idea of that principle of Makarenka and following him, he wrote: “Vikhovanets is guilty of showing his trust, we are in front of an assessment of the best, good cob in a person, nebi “forgetting” one hour about evil.” I’m a sign of the deep pedagogical non-government of wines, having respected those who are okremі vyhovateli, nadayuchi trust vikhovantsyu, at once tell yoma: there’s a lot of money behind you, I remember about you, ale bachish, I trust you, that means I good people So, be kind to you. “Similar to the words of the teacher - force on the wound in the human heart: vyhovanets vіdchuvaє that the teacher came up with his trick out of trust only in order to strengthen control. I most often see a teacher. Trust in the form of forgiveness of the forgiveness of the fault in any other time can be the subject of special, enforced respect from the side of the defender and the academic team.

Pedagogical Meta in Rosen Makarenka.

Makarenko vvazhav, what is the leading component in the development of pedagogical meta. Tsіl like a non-transverse law obumovlyuє zmіst vyhovny process, yogo methods, sobi, results. The goal is to signify vimogi to vihovantsya, and to the vihovatera, and to other subjects of the pedagogical process, to all minds vihovannia.

Makarenko designates that the meta of the whimsical process can be clearly seen by the whimsical organization and the skin coater like a shoe, and before it "we can prag at the straight line and energy". Vikhovna's work can be buti, first for everything, docile. We can’t allow any kind of trouble, - saying Makarenko, - it didn’t lead to the mark we set. In this rank, the teacher, rozmirkovu Makarenko, is guilty of starting your mother on the skin of your work, kindly present the result of your work and do everything you can to achieve this result.

Mіzh okremymi components vyhovannya, yogo metoy, zasobymi and minds є dzhe tіsnі folded raznomanіtnі osredkovanі zv'yazki. To this end, the achievement of that rank of the other way of shaping can be gradually put in the fallow in the deepest minds, equal to the development of the team, the special features of the shaping, the preparation of the wihovatel and other furnishings. Makarenko reaffirmed that the current system of child welfare cannot be recommended as permanent, because the child itself is changing, entering new stages of special development, the mind of this life and activity is changing, our country is changing, forever more powerful Therefore, the system of pedagogical benefits can be set up by the teacher, the teacher in such a way as to ensure their creative development and, at the same time, use the outdated methods, goals, and help. Obviously, our spiritual values cannot be immutable. For him, there is one more function of a teacher - the development of new, current higher goals and their best methods of reaching.

The pedagogical team is an indispensable intellectual development and training.

The greatness of Makarenko's importance, having given form to the pedagogical team. Vin wrote: “There may be a group of motivators, and there, devourers are not united into a team, and the team cannot have a single plan of work, a single tone, a single exact approach to a child, there cannot be a uniform vortex process.” A. S. Makarenko revealed the regularity, zgіdno z some kind of pedagogical mastery of the teacher is mindful of the level of formation of the pedagogical team. “The unity of the pedagogical team, - vvazhav vіn, - as a whole, the original rich, and the youngest, most famous teacher in a single, soldered team, enchanted by a good maister-kerivnik, to grow more, be-like an additional teacher, a talented teacher, like a collective of adults. There is nothing unsafe for individualism and squabbles in the pedagogical team, there is nothing ugly, there is nothing shkidlivish. A. S. Makarenko, having affirmed that it is impossible to put food about training in a fallow manner due to the talent of a well-taken teacher, a good master can become less of a pedagogical team.

However, writing Makarenko, “the problem of weaving in us is in such a state that we can characterize it even more briefly: we don’t have a whimsical team, we don’t know whose binding is to lie yogo design.

Vіdnosini pedagogіv i vyhovantsіv schodo Makarenka.

The theoretical decline and achievements of A. S. Makarenka have one of the central problems of molding teachers’ and students’ heads. Thought Do. Marx in that "... it is not the spiritual wealth of the individual to lie as a whole in the wealth of his spiritual wealth", served as the basis for Makarenko's assertion: "The very task is to become the right object of our pedagogical work." In order to enter into the end of the day, they enter at the special education center with teachings, so, pedagogically docilly, in the middle, in the middle of seeing all the children with the most important world, vikonaty zavdannya directly developing the education of the school, to the practice, to nature, to people - to dovkillya. The stench can and goiter svіdomo vikoristovuvaty their vіdnosinі z uchnyami like svoєrіdniy іinstrument, zabіdomogo regulivannya protsessu moldovannya vієї suupnostі vіdnosіh vikhovantsіv іn navkolishnyої іїsnostі. In all fairness, that divine regulation will be humane, as it is aimed at the development of self-made forces, creative initial-learning, labor and supportive activity of students, their self-regulation.

Among the teachers and teachers at the school - the interdependence of the subjects of the primary and secondary process, which are directed by the teachers to the goals of learning, which are dependent on the socially and psychologically and psychologically all the system of pan-and-children's maternal synergies.

At the practice of A. S. Makarenka, with a great repleteness, they were re-discovered from the Marxist-Leninist positions of the day and the foundations of the methodology for the formation of humane, comradely vіdnosin of the teacher and students at the Radian school. We are fundamentally new in coming to the point of problems and there were those who would overcome the declarative nature of the voice of the role of the team, the power of the rich teachers for one hour. Contrasting the efforts of the "loner-reader" goal-directed system of all pedagogical and child collectives, the innovator-teacher blatantly, that pedagogically, the dotsilni of the teacher and the vihovantsev are no longer there, de є povna єdnіst uch educators, mutually help. Vibility and vimoglivity one to one.

A.S. Makarenko loudly prostovuvav broad thought, neither child can love and appreciate more than an indulgent and gentle teacher. “You can be dry with them to the last step, strong to the point of squeamishness, you can not remember them, if you wash the stench under your hand, you can inspire you to put yourself up to їхної sympathy, but if you vibrate with robot, knowledge, luck, then look around: the stench is all on your side, and you can’t see the stench. And navpaki, like bi vie were not affectionate. as if you weren’t sympathetic at your friend’s side, as your right side is accompanied by failures and failures, as you can see on the skin, you don’t know how to do your job, so everything will end with a hat and “zilch”, - you don’t deserve anything , a crim of contempt, sometimes condescending and ironic, sometimes angry and mischievous, sometimes slanderous.

A.S. Makarenko vismuyuvav and sued the bully with the "remembrance" specialty, victorious "pedagogical theories", as if they were arguing that a hooligan cannot be called into the corridor. Mind the positive forces in people, respect them, but don’t grow up and don’t lower your strength, don’t succumb to the most serious convicts - this is the attitude to the people A.S. Makarenko called Marxist, rightly humane. Poednannya vimogi with honor to the individual vikhovantsya vіn vvazhav for the basic principle of radian pedagogy.

In addition, Makarenko vvazhav: “The Garniy wihovatel is guilty of obov'yazkovo to conduct a workbook of his work, in which to write down a lot of caution over the swaying of the fluctuations, which characterize that other person, talk to her, move forward, analyze the manifestations of the crisis, turn the tide, in all children in different centuries. Tsey schodennik at any time is not guilty of the nature of the official magazine.

If the facilitator could instantly work with such a person, he is not guilty of guessing the visual observer. The vihovatel is not guilty of the mother of the law of punishment, but is more interested in formal speeches, he is not guilty of giving orders according to his name, the crime of extreme vipadkivs, and he is no longer guilty of commanding. Only with the help of a vihovatel in the form of formally visual functions of wines can you earn the full confidence of all vihovantsiv and conduct your work as a follow-up.

Usі danі about vyhovantsya, how to blame the process of vivchennya uchnya, vyhovatel is guilty of the nobility, and kind vyhovatel obov'yazkovo write down. But it is not necessary to select data in such a way that it would be easy to collect. The knowledge of vihovantsa can help the vihovatsya over the process of baiduzh yoga, the process of sleeping with it is less likely to be the most active help to you. The cheater is guilty of marveling at the cheating, not as an object of cheating, but as an object of cheating.

The pedagogical theory developed the idea of A.S. Makarenko about those who see the logic of the teacher and the teachers at the school sing out of the very essence of the suspensory arrangement. With all the originality of the difference between the nature of these waters, it is fallow in the years of study, their individual features, the equality of the team in general, the special qualities of the stink due to the fallows of the older and farther young comrades, in the

Pedagogical report from Makarenka.

When analyzing the peculiarities of children, Makarenko came out of the understanding of pedagogical evidence as a supra-linguistically foldable social phenomenon. Some of the most important components are the specialty of the child and the specialty of the teacher, to set the songs of the vikhovnі tsіli; here sing the songs of the vikhovnі, soobi, wash; їm vіdpovіdat results. The regularity of the process of vihovanya is nothing else, like suttivi, stiyk, repeating the connection between these vihovanni components. In this rank, one more help that hangs up to the person of the teacher Makarenka is the appearance of that post-accumulation of pedagogical knowledge, the post-warning of that teacher’s transformation in his children.

The success of Makarenko’s pedagogical knowledge was taken by the world by those who were guilty of their duty by the “minimum program”, that is, by a system of real, absolutely necessary, and practically attainable in their minds, concrete tasks of vihovannia. “It is necessary to live through heroic entrances in order to be satisfied with this minimum .... Without reaching the appointed minimum, all the talk about it is more ridiculous. And, first of all, the reach of this minimum opens up wide expanses from us directly, ”wrote Makarenko.

Peculiarities of pedagogical approaches of Makarenka's student.

Vrakhovuyuchi particularities of the situation and the special quality of learning, having respected Makarenko, the teacher should know his spiritual method, which is the greater world, lower, you can change the behavior of learning. If we can find the best option, give your correction before fireworks method, vikoristovuyuchi team, environment, factor of the hour too soon. The very variability of the skin application allows you to stosuvat yoga and to quiet learning, to break the discipline gradually, and to quiet, who to kill first, to lads and girls, and even in a specific skin type with a rosary on a specific child. It is not possible to use the very same method to set it up in a stenciled way, without a hint of creative options, amendments, the most effective of this study.

The development of pedagogical mastery of the teacher follows the logic: in the case of the inherited transference of acceptances from one’s own to the creative break, to the variability and creation of new mastery of the dotik’s special development.

Axis deyakі z pryomіv, yakі zastosovuvav Makarenko:

a) Method - "attack in the forehead", variants of "attack in the forehead". This method was zastosovuvavsya by Anton Semenovich before strong spirit vikhovantsy.

b) The method of "circumvention", if "the whole team is inspired against the individual. It’s impossible to beat a person frontally, they’ll be left without outrage: the team is against the new, I’m against the new, and the person can be angry, ”

c) Anton Semyonovich is importantly vihovannya, having vowed "by spitting in a word." Vіn learning how to behave just words and phrases (“good afternoon”, “come here”, “you can go” and іn.) with twenty nuances. Makarenko is a maverick oratorian talent, master of an improvised movement.

p) Greater significance at the right level of development by putting on pedagogical techniques, one of the first among pedagogues, revealing, grounding and practically winning practically all the elements of pedagogical technique.

e) A. S. Makarenko, having taken into account that there is no such thing as a well-kremlin and universal pedagogical method, that all methods and techniques are dynamic, dialectical, and the effect of the skin of them is rich in why to lie in that, kim, if and in specific situations, many of which vihovantsy stench zastosovnі. Templates, stencil are contraindicated pedagogical activity, creative for their own nature. Makarenko pedagogical training

In the same way, A. S. Makarenko spoke out loudly against trying to twist the singularity of parts, stealing the principle of complexity in twisting.

It is not possible to work backwards, then aesthetically, then morally, ideologically and politically thin. Also, water-crystal training, practice, dozvіllya. Everything can go to unity.

f) Tsіkaviy i "method of switching addictions" chi prospects.

Freedom of creativity of the reader at the glances of Makarenka.

I give special respect to my pedagogical practice and tests of theoretical recognition Makarenko attached the role of teacher to lighting process, Vvazhayuchi, what concessions are svoєridno treated freedom of creativity, scho pddaєtsya drіb'yazkovoї pervertsi, vchitel nothing, krim shkodi, do not bring vikhovantsyu. The vihovatel is guilty of the mother's right to risk, to freedom of maneuvering with foldable minds and non-transferable minds of pedagogical interdependence, but within the framework of yoga singing installations, which is virishal.

Visnovok

The teacher can be a humanist, respecting Makarenko, - you need faith in people, that kindness, light forces.

What are the current yoga ideas at the same time? How can we talk in our hour about a pedagogical system based on Marxist-Leninist principles? Chi zastosovnі principle Makarenka shdo individual teacher until today?

I think that Makarenko, to the point of being a special teacher, is relevant for all hours, to avenge thoughts, like people have carried through the weight of the hour of their foundation.

Nasampered, already named before the teacher, be a humane person, take the child from a positive side. I don't think Makarenka's idea needs any special comments.

Great place at the school of Makarenka to lead a team - both pedagogical and academic. This thought will remain stagnant until today. Makarenko it seems that the teacher can nurture the team itself. And what about modern prosperity, if only our country? Yogo can be figuratively called "at the same time". And it’s important for the teacher to teach the team of children themselves, with their actions and tricks to get them to the point, what a stink - the team, mіtsno soldering camaraderie and friendship. If in our time the younger generation is pidrostatima with thoughts about friendship, fidelity, strangeness, mutual help, then, perhaps, life in our country will become better? And of course, the team of students can only teach the team of teachers, the shards of the teacher are the butt for their teaching to everyone.

Makarenko vvazhav, scho teacher can vikhovuvat people-diyacha, budіvelnik new suspenstvo. During the hours of Makarenka, future prosperity was respected by the communists. We can make an amendment to those that at the same time the current situation and the communist future have been put under great doubt, but there is a lot of what is stagnant here for our days: we are living at once in some interim period, and it is necessary to create a new, stable welfare. Why not come here Makarenka's idea about the teaching of a teacher by a teacher of a person - a wake-up caller of a new one?

Well, obviously, the whole world can be recommended for today's day by Makarenko's ideas about the pedagogical metaphor of the teacher, the introduction of teachers and teachers, the independent work of the teacher, yoga dosvid, such a principle, like a "minimum program", creativity and freedom of the teacher. also about the different pedagogical priyomy of the teacher. In my opinion, the thoughts of Makarenka are relevant in our hour, like in any other time, the shards are still suspenst, іsnuvatime and reader.

1. Placed on www.allbest.ru

Visnovok

List of references

INSTUP

Ninі one of the most important leaders of pedagogical science is an objective assessment of our past pedagogical education, one of the most important phenomena of this pedagogical system of Anton Semenovich Makarenka . The ideas of Makarenko were not recognized by official pedagogy for a long time. It will take years to fight for their stronghold in science. Today, we can state that the concepts of Makarenka were accepted for review in a one-sided way, with significant emphasis on accents right up to their creation. Now, let's spend the last few days in the rest of the years, we can accurately judge how and why it happened.

In 1936 a resolution of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks “On pedological concerns in the system of the People's Commissariat of Education” was adopted. For the time being, pedology evolved as one of the pedagogical sciences, as it cultivated the age-old development of children as the subject of its cultivation. Decree, in a yakіy, nedolіk and commemoration of the practical robotic pedologists were appointed, pedology was stunned by pseudoscience, її vykladannya at the pedagogical initial pledges was fenced, and the pedological assistants were forfeited. Now you can boldly affirm: this has become the greatest tragedy in the history of the pedagogical sciences of our country. Pedagogy from that moment became "an abyss", for which then we often complained. But the fact is left behind by the fact: the problems of the development of children, the formation of a child at a long time, were left behind the boundaries of pedagogical science. The very reason why the one-sided pidhіd to the fall of Makarenka was marked by rich successors, and richly in what - the shutters stuck to the Makarenka system, if only some of the other parts were closed, the rest were served in a soothed look.

1. CREATIVE WAY O. S. MAKARENKO

In the skin of the mind, in the skin of Russia, in the skin of our life, the glory of the new hulk of the world resounds. Heba can not feel this sound, heba can not know, how can we excite our children?

A. S. Makarenko

Anton was born on the 1st birch, 1888. near the municipality of Bilopillya, Kharkiv province. Batko Yogo, Semyon Grigorovich, was a highly qualified house painter, having worked at the railway depot. Anton was trained at the railway school, and if his family moved to Kryukov, he continued his education at the same school. Started diligently and successfully. Obviously, to that, if he finished his studies, Semyon Grigorovich said to his sons: You will be a teacher! The father's word has become the right word of Anton Makarenka's whole life. After the completion of pedagogical courses, I started graduating from 17 years at the native school.

A majestic infusion on the young man was celebrated by the creativity of A.M. Gorky. Under yoga infusion of wines, executing their first literary achievements. “More than that, Gorky, following the words of Makarenok himself, becoming the organizer of this light of real humanism. "My life passed under the sign of Gorky"- Write Anton Semenovich at the mournful days of farewell to the great writer.

As a teacher, Anton Semenovich Makarenko taught pedagogical and philosophical literature. Buy A.I. Pirogov, V. G. Belinsky, N. G. Chernishevsky, and especially deeply vivchae works of K. D. Ushinsky. After 9 years of pedagogical activity, Makarenko enters the Poltava Teachers' Institute, and graduates, like the school, only with top marks in all subjects.

For graduation work "Crisis of modern pedagogy" A. S. Makarenko won a gold medal.

Deeply pardoned those who stverdzhuvav, that Anton Semenovich rotten minds on pedagogical theory.

Pіslya zakіnchennya іnstitutu vіn znovu povertaєtsya to Kryukіvskogo Pochatkova Zaliznicnovo school, de pratsyuє spochatku teacher and director until potіm Veresnya 1920 r, if priymaє propozitsіyu Poltava vіddіlu narodnoї osvіti Why zavіduvachem Kindergarten budinku for nepovnolіtnіh pravoporushnikіv pid Poltava -. Zgoda Kindergarten kolonієyu of labor. M. Gorky.

In the 30s of the XX century. deyakі educators and children of folk education said: "Makarenko is a good practitioner, but theoretically ...".

One of the best of his articles, written for the jubilee collection from the drive of the fifth commune named after F.E. These people did not understand that the moment has come long ago, if without theory it is impossible to become a good practitioner, and, smut, they did not understand the origins of A. S. Makarenka's pedagogical innovation.

History of Pedagogy to learn how great pedagogical institutions grow from the understanding of a new knowledge, to rethink our best, that practice itself. This is how the pedagogical look I developed. R. Pestalozzi, who K. D. Ushinskiy called the father of contemporary pedagogy, Kostyantin Dmitrovich himself, who laid the foundation of pedagogy as a science, and the genius L. N. Tolstoy, and the wide vision of S.T. Shatsky and the great humanist teacher of the XX century Anton Semenovich Makarenka.

Pedagogical certificate - Nevicherpne zhittyadine dzherelo and overnight a way to increase scientific knowledge, a criterion for its truth. For Anton Semenovich Makarenka, the yoga robot at the colony named after O.M. Gorky and the commune named after F.E. Dzerzhinsky. Until tsієї work, which lasted close to 16 years, he rose in 1920, being a mature teacher. Youmu Bulo Todi 32 Rocks.

Not vipadkovo Makarenko, having given such a name to the kerovan of the initial-vyhovny pledge. On the right, in the fact that in the official documents of the Poltava provincial department of national education it was called “Colony of morally defective children”.

The teacher was virtuous chimalo zusil, leading, scho little evil, middle of them, especially on the back, forming the whole team of vikhovantsiv, not defective, but primal children, more unfortunate, with an evil share, and I’m heading to blame for that, for chobbiti їх. happy.

In practical implementation of the goal, help meti youma life butt Oleksiy Maksimovicha, a sort of a path through a homeless tramp of the great Russian writer. Telling about the life of the Gorky colony, about the sickest whispers of Makarenok himself, is not a busy job. It’s easier to re-read “Pedagogical Poem”. Ale about the smut varto say a kіlka slіv.

Nasampered, the pedagogical creed of the teacher was formed at the rock itself. Makarenko then wondered that he had never seen himself so shameless, like working on the cob at the colony. Ale to survive and rozmіrkovuvati not bulo if: the first vikhovantsi appeared. All the stench drank the cup of bezpritulnosti. Bagato who came embittered, hungry and torn off. Part of the small significant dosvid of criminal mischief. It was necessary to have a good life, to dress, to grow up and to grow up, it was necessary to make a normal life, to learn, to practice, to be reasonable.

And the very same, half-heartedly intuitively, then it’s all conceived Anton Semenovich to come to the understanding that the improvement of the normal life of children becomes the very essence of the spiritual work. The Daedalians more clearly understood the fundamental law of pedagogy: the life of the spirit. Moreover, it is not an abstract life in vzagali, but a real life of a skin-specific child and є її vihovannyam.

It means that at about the same hour such a visnovka will come another miracle teacher - Stanislav Teofilovich Shatsky. Vestupayachi 17 chest 1919 p. at the gatherings of spivrobitniki in the Pershoi next station, Shatsky said, like a wine, saying: “The notice about the school, as it seems to us, is the statement about the correctly thought out and systematically carried out organization of the child's life. Our manifestation is approaching such a formula.

Ale guess - the first fundamental law of vihovennia was created by Pestalozzi. At his head book "Swan Song" he formulated the great basic principle - I make life. I, explaining the camp, saying that the main path to the development of the natural forces of the child is right that zastosuvannya in practice.

We’ll get to know and understand: why Pestalozzi herself, Shatsky and Makarenko, independently, one kind of one came to the realization of that understanding basic law ?

To explain why, what teachers did at different times and in different minds, the pedagogical knowledge of the skin is similar to the main rice: it is the knowledge of the rational organization of the child's life, which includes turbota about the share of the skin child.

And yet, Makarenko poked his head in the distance: not only in the path of pedagogical and social organization of the life of children, but he discovered the main form of such an organization - the high school collective. Significantly later, in 1932, in one of his artistic creations, the wines are formulated in this way: "... Our single path is right for behavior, and our team is a gymnastic hall for such gymnastics" .

And then, in the 20th century of the last century, Anton Semenovich with his comrades, teachers and the best vikhovantsy, worked tirelessly, selflessly and stubbornly worked on the creations of such a team. І result did not bother. The lads worked in the fields, began to learn, the elders reached out to the worker's faculty, created a miracle theater, where on Saturdays the bagmen of the most powerful forces rushed ... Ale smut, at this friendly robot, on the collective right, that swamped rice Nova people, the daedals gathered more and more friendly team of Gorky residents, so that they could have the power of the gods.

So 5 years have passed. Once, while analyzing the life of the colony, Makarenko made one more observation for himself: the crisis phenomena in the collective are explained by the fact that "The teeth are allowed in the life of the collective." “I am healthy in a childish way: what a beauty! Like a miracle, groaning dialectics! Vilniy robіtnichiy team is not a building stand on the job. The all-sveta law of the sacred development is now no longer beginning to show its rightful strength. Form a butt for a free human team - move forward, the form of death is a zipper.

Anton Semenovich accepts the proposition about the transfer of the Gorky colony to Kharkiv near Kuryazh. Tse buv duzhe rizikovanny krok. A Kuryazka colony, in which 280 vikhovants were taken, at that hour was at the stingy camp. To say that the bula was ruined meant to tell a lie. The goal was bezpritulnist and criminality under the colony. We surrounded a small group of girls, the lads stole and peeped, stabbed at the stabbing, they pretended to exploit the little ones. Vihovateli climbed at night at their komіrchini, blinking at all constipation. In short, apparently, tse, if I may say so, the kuryazka "spilnota" was the antipode of the well-groomed and organized team of bitter people, which, before the speech, was only 120 osib.

"Kuryazka operation" has gone down in the history of pedagogy as a striking example of the new paradigm of makarenka's visionary concept. Literally in a few days, it began, in what seems to be the words of Anton Semenovich, “reformation”. And without a hitch, the sight of the “Kuryazko raspberry” did not lose its charms. It's just that the colony named after Gorky began to live in a new place. Now he has 400 withdrawals. It is impossible without tears to read that spiritual praise of the side of the "Pedagogical sing" dedicated to the Kuryazka epic of bitter people! A new day has begun for the life of the Makarenko team.

At once, it’s just marvelous to learn about those who Makarenko maw chimal opponents of the midst of the “social spirit” (social wriggling) of Ukraine - ale stink boules, put clubs in wheels and minted godins, to hit him with a blow.

On the cob in 1928, the journal "People's Teacher" published an article by N.F. Ostromenskaya about the Gorky colony. Nadiya Feliksivna born in 1926 for three months she worked in the colony as a tuber and breeder. Vaughn wrote sloppily about the work of Anton Semyonovich, and then she did something hyperbolic. He was worthy of the honorable article. Vin wrote to Anton Semenovich: “... your sheet was taken off at once by the article Ostromentskaya; reading the article, the ice did not burst into tears in the face of praise, in the sight of joy. Yaka Vi is a wonderful person, Yaka is good, human strength " .

Nezabar on the VIII star of the Komsomol was N. K. Krupska. Vaughn reacted sharply to the article: “... There, a whole system of punishment was ordered - for one fault less, for another - more. There are such vchinki, for yak it is necessary to beat, and such a camp has happened there, as it is impossible not to overwhelm the skin to the depths of the soul, not only a communist, but also a hulk Radyansky Union. It is said there that the wielder is guilty of punishment for learning - you can throw it at him with rahunkami, or you can throw on him with your fists, you can beat him with a twig, a rod. A scene is described there, as if the head of the house sends someone who has been guilty of the forest in order to bring the wines with lozin, like a “whisperer” Yogo hlostatime.

The appraisal, as I say, is poor, before that it is sharply politicized.

Anton Semenovich zmusheniy buv pіti z kolonії. But it wasn't scarier. The fates of mass political repressions were approaching, and it is possible to reveal what such an assessment threatened from the mouth of one of the leading children of pedagogy in the country.

Makarenka was betrayed by those who asked the security officers of Ukraine to cherish the Commune named after F.E. Dzerzhinsky - the head-turning order, prompted on the pennies of the spivrobitniks of the NKVS on the riddle about Felix Edmundovich. I here A.S. Makarenko praises a truly brilliant solution. Looming behind shoulders in the distance a chicken operation, as if it were possible to align with the chips, to organize the transfer of fifty vikhovants in the colony named after Gorky to the commune, as they became the mature and complete core of the new team, which brought to the new one all the best prospects of tradition, organizing bitter prospects. So the comune named after Dzerzhinsky immediately got on its feet and continued the progressive movement of the Makarenko team of vikhovants. And then one more miracle was seen by Makarenka.

The life, pobut, reach of the community named after F. E. Dzerzhinsky was reportedly described by Anton Semenovich in the stories “March on 30th Rock”, “FD-1” and “Prapori on the Vezha”. The rest of the book gained wide popularity. Mayzhe 8 years propraciuvav Makarenko in the commune named after Dzerzhinsky, and at the same time you can boldly affirm: the team, cherishing him, will be the best and the best achievements of practical pedagogy in the 20th century. Even then, in the middle of the 1930s, practically all the communars took away the average lighting. Pratsyuyuchi at the first-class machine-building plant, which let out a handful of electric tools, and then the best at that time Radyansky camera "FED" - a watering can, the stench ensured the transfer of the commune to state education and, moreover, they got professions for three or three years at the highest ranks. Among the commune, the replacement of the clubbing robot was fired, and another talented teacher, Viktor Mikolayovich Tersky, a scientist and colleague of Makarenka, became his soul.

In the circles, Anton Semyonovich simultaneously creates one of the masterpieces of domestic literature - "Pedagogical sing". Having conceived the wine in the middle of the 20s, but, obviously, an important post office to the robot and becoming a fortune-teller drew N.F. Ostromensky. Under the objection of the publication in one of the sheets of his future squad of Galina Stakhievna Salko Makarenko wrote: “Vzagali: if you write a book, then just like that, so that once you stand at the center of suspenseful respect, twist people’s thoughts around yourself and you yourself need to say a stronger word” .

Vin having written such a book. The "golden" library of pedagogical literature won't always take up the first place. In 1935 Makarenko was transferred to Kiev to the landing of the intercessor of the chief of the labor colonies of the NKVS URSR, and two years later he was transferred to Moscow, de tsilkom; hope for literary activity. Here, for the participation of the squad, I create “The Book for Fathers”, a marvelous symbiosis of artistic drawings, journalistic and pedagogical reflections. Anton Semenovich writes a number of articles, often speaking in lectures: at once, the stench formed the main fund of his scientific and pedagogical creations.

About the duality of setting up Makarenka in ti roki, we can tell a lot of facts. About one of them, the prominent Radyansky teacher Yele Isaevich Monoezon speaks. Vіntodi pratsyuvav at the Head Office of the School of the People's Commissariat of Education of the RRFSR and asking A. Z. Makarenko to read a few lectures to the specialists. Anton Semenovich near the village, born in 1938 having entered a series of lectures, now under the title “Problems of high-school radian education”, why we may be able to learn more and more systematically by looking at the great teacher.

Pratsiuvav vіn tі roki, yak, vtіm, and all life is rich, not harmless forces. Overworld ambitions, undeserved squabbles have destroyed their right. April 1, 1939 Makarenko raptovo died at the carriage of the primisky train at the station Golitsino Belarusian Railway. Vіn lived less than 51 rіk.

2. Basic concepts of pedagogical

theories of A.S. Makarenko

On the first place - the problem of development and development of special .

From the history of pedagogy, it is good to see that, in view of the fact that, as it was conceived by this and that other teacher, there were many successes in pedagogical practice and theory. So, venturing out of rozuminnya vyhovannya like the right of the natural forces of the child in the process of life, Pestalozzi having created a theory of elementary enlightenment that is progressive for his time.

Rozumіyuchi vyhovannia sensi as a rich-sided infusion of the middle ground on the formation of people, K. D. Ushinsky zrobiv completed the creation of pedagogical anthropology and laying down the foundations of the theory of development of specialness - the main foundation of pedagogical knowledge. And yet, regardless of the reach, before A.S.

K. N. Wentzel, followed by P. P. Blonsky, criticized such a view of vihovennia. But only Makarenko does not singly compare the development of children, looking at them in unity, but the main tasks of the teacher are respected not by pouring on the child, but by assimilating his development, stimulating the correct development of this development with the help of the development of skin forces and strengths.

Tse subtly recalling one of the last pedagogical reports of Anton Semenovich I. F. Kozlov. In one of the first achievements of the pedagogical work of Anton Semenovich, he writes: “At his practical work and theoretical concepts, A. S. Makarenko came out of that non-contradictory law, that only in the process of children’s activity, that obov’yazkovo be-like activity – at the beginning, labor, work, play, then, due to nature’s right children's strengths develop their strengths, and at one time and illuminate the special changes in the nature of the duty of knowledge, decrease, beginner, star, looking, molding the specialty with a halo " .

The development of specialty, for Makarenko, to become the basis of vihovannya. Without understanding what, we understand the head of the system of a prominent teacher. Carrying on the tradition of humanistic pedagogy, Makarenko affirms: life is the head leader of the child, and the leader of the leader of the field, the first for everything, in the organization of life, enriched with all the richness of human culture and the truth of humane people. With whom Makarenko is in charge of the strategy of organizing the entire process.

But the formula "life vikhovuє" Makarenka has one more meaning. I explain it this way: it’s a foolish attempt to make a child grow up with a mighty infusion of the life of supplication, to the people of that natural process to domestic training. Vihovatel, if you want to be happy for a child, if you want to win a complete person, you don’t have the right to create your greenhouse mind, how you see real activity.

Right humanism is not right. The oversight of the skin veiler - the father, the teacher and the grown-up people zagali - is helping to lead the children wisely on the road of life, putting them in the position of fighters for the best life on earth. And so it is with everything, great and small, by no means forgetting the truth: “there is no dagger among the divine robots.” Such is the Makarenka philosophy of development. To comprehend її means to understand the smut in the pedagogical innovation of Anton Semenovich.

Dali. None of Makarenko's co-workers, none of his followers did not amaze and appreciate those that formed the very soul of the yogic spirit system - pedagogical logic, more precisely - the technological logic of the new pedagogical thought.

On the cob of the 30s artistic creations In other works of Anton Semenovich, the lexicon is often non-primary for pedagogy: “pedagogical versatility”, “material”, “projecting”, “product”, “pedagogical craftsmanship”, “pedagogical technique”. It’s easier to admit: practicing in the years in the commune named after F. E. Dzerzhinsky, Makarenko, having especially distinguished the plant for the production of electric tools and cameras, de-practiced yoga, and to that, they won the technical terminology of the art of their work as a symbol of their own work.

The very idea of pedagogical technology was hung on the minds of three and other teachers. Have 1927 r. in Moscow, under the characteristic title “On the Ways to the Industrialization of the School”, a small booklet was seen by the talented director of the Shatursky school, which was included in the warehouse of the 2nd last station of the People’s Commissariat of Education, M. Kamshilov, who also wrote that the school was ma "... switch from a robot to the principles of a rationalized factory, a rationalized factory". Makarenko ishov tsim way.

In the development of all sciences, it is easy to follow the trend of transition from a trivial period of collecting empirical data to inspiring the philosophy of science, її methodological ambushes, and also to inducing theory. Let's get ready to move on to a new, greater stage in the development of scientific knowledge - the technological stage. Viniknennya that thoroughly different technologies mark the beginning of a scientific and technological revolution. This process is more familiar to the sphere of material manufacturing. In our eyes, we suffocate medicine and pedagogy. The imminent significance of A. S. Makarenko’s pedagogical creativity is that it truly marks the transition of pedagogical science to a new state.

The greatest merit of Anton Semenovich is that he was one of the first zooms to look at the people of pedagogical technologies and formulate the basic postulates of technological pedagogical logic.

Z axis important positions:

The life of a teacher is not guilty of standing on the sidelines of the set mark;

Niyake pedagogical zasib can be stunned once and again for a short time; okremy zasib can be both positive and negative; virishalny є vpliv all systems of cats;

No system of child welfare can be installed once and for all: it will be changed and fully monitored by the exact viability of the development of the child and the progress of the succession;

Be-yaky zasіb can be pedagogically dotsіlnym, scho pereveryaetsya dosvіdchenny way.

It needs to be said that only a few people have come to comprehend these postulates and have not yet learned to master them in the analysis of specific pedagogical facts. We still need to learn to think in a makarenkіvski way.

Anton Semenovich introduced new principles to pedagogy. Among them - "pedagogical technique", "maisternist", "projecting or special program", "higher education team", "tone and style of life of the team", "teaching team", "trivality of the pedagogical team", "pedagogical center", "nearby , the middle and distant prospects "and low others. Some of them to understand have already advanced to pedagogy. Others are trying at the stage of understanding. Ale respectfully - these are not just new names for old speeches. directly vikhovnoї work.

Makarenko, having destroyed the meaning, and in rich ways, giving a new interpretation of the greater part of the traditional ones to understand the theories of vihovennia, for example, such as “vimoga”, “punishment”, “hunted”, “discipline”, “regime” and so on. Behind this rethinking is also a fundamentally new pedagogical solution; new come to vihovannya.

Rethinking that reshaping of the conceptual apparatus of pedagogical science, without any doubt, becomes the basis of Makarenka's pedagogical logic.

The head sign of whether a technology can be named simply: having conceived on the cob of work, those having won after її completion. And the whole story of A. S. Makarenka is a miraculous example of how the visionary goals set by him were conceived and materialized as a result of the spiritual work in the living parts of yoga vikhovantsiv.

In his work, Anton Semenovich gave the characteristics of the most typical pardons of pedagogical logic. Їх three: deductive prophecy, ethical fetishism, vodokremleniy zasib.

Deductive perversion. By the stretch of riches of fate it became clear that polytechnics is good for the enlightened school, and the axis of professionalism is bad! Through the war, the majestic shkoda was given to the labor education of schoolchildren: they were molded differently illuminated by nevmіkh. But such was the power of the magic formula, dragging and backed up by numerical messages to Marx himself. Advocating for the day of training with a productive practice, without wondering if it is possible for children who are not professionally trained to be admitted to practice. Similar pardons and dosі chimalo our theory. Before the speech, Makarenko didn’t quarrel with polytechnics, but he didn’t respect him to give his students three and more specialties on a high professional level.

Ethical fetishism. A textbook butt: punishing - tse rotten, to the one who "punished the slave of the slave", and pratsia - good, to that "practice did the people." Axis i at once. We talk about technological logic in pedagogy - and even a little wiggly: “Children - material? Tse unhuman! But if you don’t ascribe with words such a single narrow meaning and look at the right with an unpredictable look, it will become clear: for example, for pedagogical production, children are material, but special material, living people who self-create for themselves in their behavior and activity. Makarenko, before the speech, having already reportedly discussed the choice of this term in his works, he reportedly characterizes the new pedagogical logic.

Vіdokremleniy pedagogical zasіb. The essence of the pardon is that one pedagogical zasіb vyhoplyuєєєєєєєєєєєєєєєєєєєєєєєєє іz system koshіvі і goloshuєєєєєєєєє or more good, but more filthy. Vono can be effective and tim and іnhim, to those who absolutely do not practice the posture with the system of koshtіv.

In its own time, the “method of projects” (learning from the process of solving practical tasks) was stunned by a panacea for successful cases. And then, having perekonavshis, scho vіn not vyrіshuє "vsіh" zavdan, yogo so unguardedly voiced methodical projecting. І those, th іnshe bad. Among other methods, the project method, and the brigade-laboratory method can be very effective.

These are the main provisions of the new technological logic formulated by A. S. Makarenko.

Vikoristannya novіtnіh dosyagnen pedagogіchnih Sciences, a temple profesіonalіzm pedagogіv scho becoming very essence pedagogіchnoї tehnologії, zabezpechuyut naybіlsh spriyatlivі Minds for rozvitku osobistostі kozhnoї ditini, її zdіbnostey that zadatkіv, stvoryuyut optimally psihologіchny klіmat in vzaєminah vihovatelіv that vihovantsіv that naspravdі realіzuyut spravzhnyu Turbota about pіdrostayuche pokolіnnya, right humanism of pedagogy

At the same time, if we can help the process of creativity and propaganda of "new" and "new" pedagogical technologies, learning and development (when such a name can be extended often, there is no way to technology), it is especially important to develop young people the logic of pedagogical thought Water is pure on the cob - even the people. І acquaintance with the workers of A.S. Ale on the right is no less good for tsiomu. Familiarity with Makarenko pedagogical logic is necessary for those who understand and accept the system of ideas of a prominent teacher as a system itself.

Having not mastered the concept of technological pedagogical logic, it is important to evaluate other ideas of Makarenka. So it happened from the first concept of pedagogical design.

For justice, it should be noted that in the past the idea of the program was developed by hanging from the vіtchiznіany educator K. D. Ushinsky. Before moving to the main practice of your life “A person is like a vihovannya. Dosvid pedagogical anthropology "when writing:" What would you say about the architect, who, laying a new life, could not help you to feed, what you want to be wine - what a temple, dedication to the god of truth, love that truth, what just a budinok at Yaku life would be quiet, chi garni, ale marnі tract gates, gazing at yaki used to pass through, gilding the hotel for picking out of the old mandrivniks, chi kitchen for pickling natural supplies, chi museums for saving rarities, otherwise, nareshti, a shed for folding ? It’s your fault to say about the whistleblower, who cannot clearly and accurately indicate to you the goal of his divine activity.

Developing this idea, Makarenko develops the concept of special design. Pedagogy, stverdzhuvav Anton Semenovich, science is docile. The teacher is obliged to clearly show, how to win his way out at the exit. Vіn may design specialty. With whom, two vikhovnі programs are possible. One is zagalna, it is invested by us children. All the stinks, for example, may be practical, honest, enlightened people. All the same, the program is needed for a specific child, which transfers outside the scope of special needs and interests. The followers of Makarenka simply forgot about the other program. Didn't spare the first one. Anton Semenovich was ahead of the curve, that she could be borderline specific and precise. Vіn formulating її on the cob of the 1930s is even simpler and clear: we bazhaєmo vyhovat cultural worker, give yomu enlightenment, bazhano middle, give qualifications ... I finished my characterization with the words: “Vin maє buti have fun, bodiorim, lift up ... build life and love life, we can be happy. And such wines can be not less for the future, but for the skin of your own day. Best regards: "happy"! Chi can be delivered more humanely, lower happy people?

In addition, Makarenko is quite laconic, but even more important is the formula: "A person does not sway by parts."

The axis is so simply formulated by Anton Semenovich the basic law of the development of special , Vihodyachi z kakogo, vin pіdіyshov to pobudovi zagalnoї program. Vaughn is a borderline laconic and at the same time a specific characteristic of the specialness of the twist, moreover, the specialness of її wholeness. The successors of the teacher-innovator didn’t give a damn about him. Teachers of the older generation remember how the book “The Smist of Vihovennia of Schoolchildren” was born, in which the ideological and political, moral, physical, legal, environmental and other “vihovannia” were laid out in the field. Abstract characteristics were given and instructions from them were specific forms of work, “come in”. The more the book was seen before the book was seen, the less it worked at school. The project of specialness was born, the abstract model of “universally devised specialness” was thrown up, on the contrary, A. S. Makarenko was directly guarded.

At the same time, if our suspіlstvo i, vіdpovіdno, the school is rebuying on rozdоrіzhі, the deficit of the educational program is especially sharply observed. I realized that the specific recommendations, which were designed by Makarenko in the 30s, simply do not fit the social and economic minds of the country. It is impossible to forget the vimogi formulated by Anton Semenovich: “Designing specialty as a product of vihovannya can be zdіysnyuvatisya vhodyachi z zamovlennya suspіlstva”.

The hour has come to turn to the first, re-read what Anton Semenovich has learned about the special program, and seriously think about whoever we want, and wihovuvatimo today. The teacher cannot, cannot have the right to practice blindness.

The concept of a miracle teacher is coming - whimsical team . It would be better, it would be good here. How many books have been written, how many methods of organizing collectives have been written! And in the meantime, and here, on the right, there were a few significant creations of the ideas of Anton Semenovich. In tsimu varto rose.

Even at the dawn of the birth of makarenkoznavstva, a formula was found and put into circulation - vihovanya in the team, for the team through the team. You can only get by with the first part - the shifting of the team, and then with a great stretch.

Makarenko stverdzhuvav, sho the formation of a team of children and teachers (academic team) in the world of its development becomes active and can promote special. Obviously, a person wiggles and for people, for his people, that people. Ale, we are going to win for ourselves, for our own happiness. I don’t need to forget this detail of the spiritual program, maybe I’m most important in it.

And yet, the most secure in this formula is “winning through the team”. In the richness of our theories and methods, it has come out with such a vision: the teacher creates a team, which is in his hands in his own hands, for the development of specialness. The teacher, in such a way, is the creator of the pedagogical process, the specialty is a method, the team is a special one. Here everything is already turned upside down.

Firstly, with Makarenko, the teacher does not stand above the team and speciality. Vіn rіvnopravny member of the team, tying with the fetters of camaraderie with usіma yogo members. In this business partnership, the master, as you can see, is only his pedagogical qualification, the master.

In a different way, the creator of the vocational process together with the teachers and children, the team itself of the initial-spiritual mortgage.

Nareshti, the team is also meta vihovannya. About tse just like Anton Semenovich.

The peculiarity of that collective is one of the most important problems of philosophy. Superchki sharpen dosi. Not long ago, with the cob of social and economic transformations in our country, we repeatedly said about those that specialism is the newest value and in this, moving, and poligaє humanism. Aje none of the right humanists said anything like that.

The formula for humanism: "A person is the greatest value." And yet, a person is not less than special. Lyudina - tse specialty, and family, and people, and people, and, of course, the team. “People jumped”, the pose of a sleepy people, mute and cannot be. And all these human values, as they cannot be compared to one alone. The cost would be the same, to oppose the part to the whole and the other way around. And if the deacons of the author begin to affirm that Makarenko is an apologist for the “collectivist” movement, I would like to say to them: “Repeat, read the books of the great teacher.

For Makarenko, there is no dilemma - the special nature of the team. Yoga ideal - harmony of specialness and team. The collective is not a faceless sire mass, but the union of comrades is alive, united by common right, a living organism, which lives by its own laws.

Our co-worker, philosopher, sociologist and psychologist Erik Fromm asks himself questions: a human being - for what? But food shouldn’t be like that: either protecting, or a herd ... Lyudina is a special person, but she only becomes her in the family, in the team, among her people. Until the understanding of this Makarenko, he went through a pedagogical path, ale vin virnishe and correct, lower be something else, allowing for himself and for us tsyu philosophical, but it’s more correct to say, a serious human problem.

Whispering at Makarenka, there is a lot of talk about those who, in times of conflict, have the interests of the team as a whole, but the interest of a normal individual. Give respect: in times of conflict. But how else? Age team - a lot of specialties. Looked at the opposition to the team and the special features stupidly. I can't even get into Anton Semenovich.

3. Pedagogical mastery of A.S. Makarenko

The creation of a well-organized and practical university team, like the friendship of teachers and vikhovantsiv, the core of this development is to become the main pedagogical process in the logic of technology, in which the goals of vihovannia are realized, that very special program, about how it happened more. To explain this process, to straighten out this development is the axis of the head of the head of a teacher, a leader, a school director, a school worker, a team of workers, and a creative association of children. And for whom the pedagogical mastery is needed.

A.S. Makarenko mastery of teachers . Yakby Vіn robyv tіlki tse, vіn zavzhdi zavzhdi zavzhdi used in science about waving a significant figure. This is especially clear in our days, if the lower pedagogical universities have departments of pedagogical mastery, and one-time special courses are read in rich academic pledges.

And it is symbolic that the first department of pedagogical mastery was created at the Poltava Pedagogical Institute. At the very one who used to be a teacher earlier and like a linden 1817 p. graduating Anton Semenovich, and after 21 years of yoga, Vasil Oleksandrovich Sukhomlinsky, another prominent humanist teacher, became a graduate.

And all the same, I am recognizing that the makarenka concept of pedagogical mastery of the dossi is not accepted for review in the її fully obyazі, interpreted in a narrow way, led to the so-called “pedagogical technique” or, in short, to the mastery of the teacher.

Speaking once before the teachers, Anton Semenovich said that he became a right tutor, if he learned the simple word “come here” to speak with 15-20 sounds in his voice. Prote volodinnya such, if I may say so, actor's technique does not detract from the mastery of the teacher, even if it is one of the first elements. Like a maisterne volodinnya with a drink to rob a slyusar, so it is a demonstration of one’s own feelings to rob a teacher as a master.

The mastery of a teacher at Rozumina Makarenka is the most comprehensive complex of knowledge in that time. In the first place, the new one has the mastership of the organizer. Makarenko repeatedly blabbed, scho vikhovna robot є, first for everything, the robot of the organizer. І tse yogo of visnovoks vyplivaє z the correct rozumіnnya vyhovannya and the development of specialness, z concept vyhovnogo kolektiv. Vihovatel, as if rightly wanting to vihovuvati, exclamations to organize pedagogically before the life of children, organize collectives, cherubate them. For which wines can I be a good organizer. Taka persha warehouse part pedagogical mastery. Alecia was not enough.

Vihovatel - zavzhda teacher and mentor. Pratsiyuchi s children, vin tezh ozbroyuє їх majsternіstyu in tіy chi іnshіy konkrіy prava, їє їмії їміїмнієє their majsternіstyu, but it’s not easy. Moreover, the one on the right is good, maisterno vikonuvat like a robot, the other one is able to convey your mastery and rightness to other people. For whom the mastership is especially needed - the mastership of a mentor. Anton Semenovich tse good rozumiv. Once, getting ready to become a peddre, I discussed with whom the organization of club work was discussed with the commune named after F. Ege. Dzerzhinsky, having outraged his fellow workers on the job, calling them “Nachebto methodical plan of club work”.

Alecia is not enough. Tsikavo, for your own sake, about what was said so well, Anton Semenovich concludes with even more topical indulgence: “My basіkati needs peace and no more than about one fifth of the whole hour to take a group”. What a good joy for out-of-this-world balakuch teachers! Makarenko began to speak out sharply against the link of the work of the gods to the point of spitting on the evidence of the scholars in the way of various roses and explanations, "moral sermons". Ale tse zovsіm does not mean that you do not understand the great meaning of the words of the reader. Yogo comrades-in-arms guess how prejudiced that Anton Semenovich talks in a shifty way, rozumiyuchi, that the leader is a propagandist. І tse still one warehouse part of the teacher's mastery.

I for example, "pedagogical technique" , otherwise, as we say at once, "Mastership of Pedagogical Stimulation" . A facilitator can spit on children without intermediary. And for so many things you need to know and remember: you need to correctly evaluate the situation, accept the correct decision, lead by the methods of stimulation, remember to greed, want, and if you need, and punish, remember to take a perspective and rich something of your own, right up to the right demonic artistry sensible.

These are the main additions of pedagogical mastery.

A. S. Makarenko stverdzhuvav: mastery - all those that you can learn, and a leather teacher can become a great master. This optimistic legacy of pedagogical youth has a great humanistic ambition. How many evil pedagogical shares and life plans that we didn’t see through those young teachers on the cob stage of their work didn’t master the maisternist! It can be boldly said that 99% of our failures and failures in the pedagogical field rest on a lack of pedagogical mastery.

It's quite clear - you can't get mastery from books alone. For whom it is necessary to have a hard work, an independent search and help with informed teachers. Alas, these searches and spivpration were successful, you need to know, for someone to develop them directly. In the selection of the best straight ahead to the maisternosti, Makarenka's books will forever be a kind and irreplaceable assistant to the young teacher. And there is no trace of forgetting Anton Semenovich’s wise respect for those who have right humanism for people, hundreds of children believe in what is required masterno, “brilliant luck”, work your right.

Pedagogical creativity of A. S. Makarenka – pedagogy of real humanism. I have been forever standing by a number of prominent humanist teachers of the past, like I. G. Pestalozzi and K. D. Ushinsky, L. N. Tolstoy, S. T. Shatsky. And don’t forget to remember again: the pedagogical knowledge of the skin from them will help the underprivileged children. It is said: on the right, you know them ... On the naive tract of the pedagogical front - on the order of homeless children, the share of Anton Semenovich Makarenok succumbed to the fate of the hromada war and the total devastation in our country. І він reach outstanding results.

In 1994 the marvelous book “Makarenkivtsi (What happened to those whom Makarenko vihouvav)” blew the light. Having written її talanovitiy journalist Lev Oleksiyovich Chubarov, who richly rokіv vyvchav dolі vihovantsіv Anton Semenovich. Axis scho vin write: “Over three thousand children, including those with evil childishness, passed through the pedagogical hands of that human heart of Anton Semyonovich Makarenka, and even lived with them without spending time in the pit, without appearing to the police at the fate of the war, without depriving the Batkivshchina from the twisted ones for her hour. ; among them there is neither a bad guy, nor a boyaguz, just nasty people. I have a moral right to judge those, knowing especially 700-800 out of three thousand, having connected with them for about forty years " .

Makarenko always created from an optimistic hypothesis. І tse yoga right humanism. "Pedagogical sing" - the pinnacle of its literary creativity- dedicating wine to Maxim Gorky. The great Russian writer near Lipnya 1928 saw a colony named after him. The days spent by Gorky at Kuryazh, Anton Semenovich called the best in yoga life, but at the “Poem” wines themselves, he thinks about them more modestly, having added less than 10 rows to it. First of all, read more about the defeat of Oleksiy Maksimovich himself. In the drawings of "Spilkoyu Glad" you write: “Who could instantly change so unrecognizedly, change hundreds of children, so bitterly and figuratively remember their lives? The organizer and head of the colony was A. S. Makarenko. Tse is an incredibly talented teacher. The colonists are right to love yoga and talk about the new one in such a tone of pride that they themselves did yoga. Vіn - suvoriy for zovnіshnіstyu, laconic man of rokіv forty, with a great nose, with sensible eyes, vin is similar to the viysk and strong teacher from the "idea". To speak hoarsely, with a chilled voice, to collapse properly and to grasp everywhere, to succumb to everything, to know the skin colonist, to characterize it five times with words and so, you don’t have to try to make an instant photographic sign of your character. The new one, singly, has a need to pass by, unremarkably, to lure a baby, to say a caressing word to their skin, to stroke their shorn head.

At the gatherings of commanders, if the stink is cleverly discussed on the way to work in the colony, eating food, telling one to one about mistakes in robotic corrals, on the occasion of non-balance, pardons - Anton Semenovich Makarenko sit on the sidelines and hardly ever insert two or three words into the conversation. Mayzhdi zavzhdi tse words to finish, ale vіn vimovlyaє їх like a senior comrade. They listen to Yogo respectfully and do not hesitate to talk to him - like from twenty-five comrades, like twenty-fifth comrade, who knows twenty-five sensible, lower us stinks.

Introduced in Kuryazh and other labor colonies, Oleksiy Maksimovich will say the exact words: “the head of the Baku labor colony, - I forgot his nickname - and O. S. Makarenko, the organizer of the colony near Kharkiv, at Kuryazh - all the “liquor agents” without , not dreamers, tse, maybe, a new type of educators, tse people who burn at the fire of a fiery love for children, but, for us forward - tse people, yak, less give up, kindly confirm their vіdpovіdalnіst before children.

Visnovok

Pedagogy of the 21st century... What will you be like?

Nasampered, there will be a science about a child, її vihovannya that development. The science of “pedology” is not particularly special, but pedagogy itself, relying on the data of all sciences about people and life, about the development of the living in nature, we develop and develop that development of specialness in unity, camp, like the great Ushinsky about those dreams, pedagogical anthropology.

To what kind of visnovka we are led by the rozuminnya vyhovannya - the subject of pedagogy, as visvitliv A. S. Makarenko. The theory of the development of specialty, the age-old maturation of children about language will become the foundation of pedagogical knowledge, and the knowledge of the objective laws of development and the development of specialty become a reference for pedagogical knowledge. On this way, pedagogy chooses subjectively introduced principles and rules of universal activity to pretend to be the right science, which describes the objectively-lawful phenomena and facts that give them mathematically accurate estimates.

Pedagogy is a science completed. The very pedagogical knowledge is the main life source and the main method of obtaining knowledge about the education of children and yogo law, as well as the exact criterion of the truth of these knowledge. Pedagogy Makarenka grew up not “... in the painful courts of the office mind”, as if he himself showed guilt, but in self-enforcement struggle for the order of homeless children, for their best life. I can't forget that the proof is the unity of theory and practice. Moreover, in the world, the development of that thorough theory and її pet vaga and the meaning of the dosvidi are growing. On the path of scientific and pedagogical vision of practical tasks, the development of science and the development of science, and the development of more practical pedagogics of the 21st century.

The theory of pedagogical mastery will become the most important indicator of pedagogical science. Won to propagate to teachers and facilitators the richest arsenal of pedagogical tools for managing the process of teaching, to develop their knowledge of pedagogical situations, to analyze them and, on this basis, without mercy, choose the necessary methods and methods. And the smut - pedagogy to help teachers technologically think and work behind the logic, the cob of which Makarenko slayed.

People have long remembered: if you go uphill, the line of the horizon starts to look up, and if you go up, then you go farther. "Low - so close, and high - so far," - say the next. Makarenka's pedagogical background is the pinnacle of contemporary pedagogy. And just like that, today, I’ve been staring at the future of pedagogy, then only through those who stand on the shoulders of a giant.

The fall of the teacher and the writer A. S. Makarenka (1888 - 1939) sounds associated, we are forward, from the understanding of the "team". The results show that this term stuck in creativity only like the 20s.

The research also shows that the term “team” is vicorous, A.S. Makarenko and in the distance, like the 20s and the 30s, - not moving in the light of yogo sensation, like a wine maw on the uvazi, going earlier to other terms: the traditional - "community" and the new - "commune".

List of references

1. Asmolov A. G. Specialty as a subject of psychological research. - M., 1984.

2. Gavakova T. I. A. S. Makarenko is a psychologist. Creative vikoristannya idey A.S. Makarenko and V.A. Sukhomlinsky at the formation of pedagogical mastery. / Ed. B. E. Loburts. - Poltava, 1983.

3. Lutoshkin A. N. Emotional potential of the team. - M., 1988.

4. Makarenko A. S. Vihovannya hulk. - M., 1989.

5. Makarenko A. S. The team and the development of special features. - M., 1972.

6. Morgun VF Psychic and social maturity of special features. O. S. Makarenko and Poltava region. / Ed. I. F. Krivonos. - Poltava, 1986.

7. Mudrik A. V. The peculiarity of the schoolboy and the development of the team. - M., 1983.

8. Pedagogy. / Ed. P. A. Podkasistogo. - M.: Akalis, 2007.

9. Psychology of specialty that develops. / Ed. A. V. Petrovsky. - M., 1987.

10. Frolov A. A. Organization of the process in practice A. S. Makarenko. / Ed. V. A. Slastenina and N. E. Fere. - Gorky, GDPI im. M. Gorky, 1976.

) that childish communion im. F. E. Dzerzhinsky (1927-35, at the front office of Kharkov).

Having explored the theory and the methodology of cultivation in the team, the theory of family cultivation.

1. Teacher and writer

Anton Semenovich Makarenko was born Chapter 13 the fate of the city Belopilla Kharkiv province(nі district center Sumy region Ukraine). Batko used to be a robot worker (painter) at the wagon railroad workers.

Torishny sickle 1919 after busy Kryukov Belarusians Anton Semyonovich moved to Poltavi, where he became the head of the pochatkovo school.

Roku Makarenka is moving to Moscow. In 1937, the book "The Book for Fathers" will appear, the book "Prapori on the Vezhah" will be published in 1937.

Anton Semenovich Makarenko died on April 1, 1939, on the primisky train at the Golitsyn station, 40 km away from Moscow.

2. Sim'ya

The squad of Anton Makarenka was Galina Stakhivna Salko. After the death of the teacher, she propagated the creativity of the Spadshchina Makarenka. Bula was a consultant for the film "Pedagogical poetry". Brother Makarenko Vitaliy Semyonovich- officer Evil Forces of Pivdnya of Russia, biloemigrant. Having written, say, "My brother Anton Semnovich."

3. Theory about the team

Anton Semenovich Makarenko is one of the most important pedagogues, who contributed to the education of the world, and made a great contribution to the theory of development.

In his pedagogical work, A.S.

O.S. Dzerzhinsky ("Prapori on the vezhs", "March of the 30th fate"). Thousands of law enforcement officers, children without a trace not only lifted "from the bottom" of life, but turned to life, swayed them as the foremost bulkers of our Motherland.

In his pedagogical system, A.S. Makarenko saw the main signs of the team:

Global meta, joint work, joint organization of work;
organic connection with other teams;
Availability of organs of coordination and management, visibility of the deep fallow;
The collective is guilty of standing on the principled position of the luminous unity of the working people.

A.S. Makarenko, looking at the team as a dynamic unity, as if their development went through a low stage:

The first stage is the teacher's help, the vivchaє vihovantsіv, the organization of various collective activities;
The other stage is to help the teacher and the asset. Work with an asset. different forms of collective activity, development of activity;
The third stage - the team is hanging up to a full-fledged individual.

Heading the colony of "small-life evil-doers" in the tribes, A.S. Rocks were important, after the revolution and the mass war. It was necessary to secure the elementary material supply, the colony immediately began to have a strong support work.

Zovsіm unspeakable vipadok becoming vzimku 1920 r., if the choice of death of colonists on choli Semyon Kalabalin pishov from forests for firewood. If the stench crossed the frozen river Kolomak, then they leaned on the territory of the shabby mother of the barons Trepko, who emigrated after the revolution beyond the cordon. Tse bula mіstsevіst іz gospodarskim spores, zhitlovy booths. On the territory of Maetku there is a great garden, forty hectares of land, bows. Ale, everything that could be blamed for the mother, the villagers sorted out. Turning to Tribi, they could not help telling Anton Semyonovich about the knowledge. At the wild gatherings, the head of the head of the boulo otrimati let him go to the vlady on the vіdbudovu maєtka to hell and settle there. In 1922, the buddhilny works were launched to commemorate the White House, which was the former summer residence of the barons. Step by step, the colonists moved to a new place. In the colony, the number of vikhovants is increasing, the statehood is being improved, self-regulation is being improved, and the pedagogical qualifications of vikhoators are being improved.

A.S. Makarenko having developed the theory of the child collective, having revealed the main signs, having identified the stages of development, the ways of shaping and the methodology of developing the child’s abilities of the collective. Zgіdno z vchennyam Makarenka, characteristic marks style of life and activity of a childish team: major, more like a good quality, building up to orientation, almost protected, building up to a galmuvannya, an act of comradeship, unity of the team.

Working with a specific contingent, a prominent teacher attached great respect to the rozum education of children and children, as well as improved the pedagogical process at the school, and improved the primary and secondary work. O. Makarenko, always ahead of his vikhovantsiv: "If I don’t feel such feelings: the school is coming to me, I’m teaching." Conducting good lessons, often seeing the lessons of other teachers, having learned advanced pedagogical knowledge.

The pedagogical system of A.S. Makarenko is a complex collection of ideas and practical solutions, the main ones:

The essence of vihovannya is like a suspіlnogo yavishcha;
One day vihovannya that life;
The goal of vihovannia is like a fired program for the formation of human specialty;
The team yak zasib vihovannya;
Vzaєmini team and special;
Self-rowing at the collective;
Vihovannya svіdomoї discipline;
Zvyazok navchannya z productive practice;
Pratsya as an indispensable component of the vihovannya system;
Luchennya vyhovantsiv at raznі zhittєvі spheres, vyhovannya lord of life;
Traditions and Yoga Vikhovna Role;
Teaching staff and yoga center;
Universal development of specialty;
The role of Sim's in children.

According to Makarenka, pedagogy is the most dialectical, rickety, more collapsible and diverse science. KEY FEATURES makarenkіvskoї pedagogіki Je dіalektichny dozvіl techniques navchannya that technique vihovannya, Yednist vivchennya ditini that її vihovannya, Yednist vihovannya dіtey that organіzatsіya їh Zhittya, poєdnannya vivchennya fundamentals of science іz productively Pratzen uchnіv Naukova organіzovana system vsіh vplivіv, posilennya uwagi to Kindergarten collectives. Psychology can not be the basis of pedagogy, but the continuation of the process of implementing pedagogical laws and trends. The metamorphosis of Makarenko is rozumiv as a special program, a program human nature("Methods of Vihovennia"). On the other hand, the university process may have a significant program of development and individual correction to it depending on the specificity of a particular study.

The development of A.S. Makarenko's individuality has shown itself as a person's characteristics, as well as temperament, and character traits. Why drive A.S. Makarenko, designing that meta-individual development of the field in the appointed prospects for the development of the human being's vitality, the molding of character.

The initial-turning process may be based on the formation of a high discipline and victorious clarity among the vikhovants. Significant is the role of the primary and secondary process of the school, the foundation of school discipline.

Shkіlna discipline - teaching the rules of behavior at shkіlnitstvі and її between, reading and organizing their shoes by them, ordering the suspіlny obov'yazku.

Learning about the need for school discipline is not less at school, but also at hromadas, in special behavior, readiness and need for the vicons of the globally accepted norms and rules of discipline at school and beyond the boundaries, itself as a demonstration high level disciplines.

Zovnishniy control of the singing world with a primus to a positive behavior. At one time, there is no internal control, if the norms of the behavior of the flooring are acquired, that they have become the internal changes of people, and they won’t viconu їx, often do not think about it, why shy away this way, and not otherwise. Yakshcho vіd vimog school regime You can get away with it, the control from the side of the teachers and the team of students can be lost, then in the light of your own conscience it is important to enter. Like a hardened Makarenko, the vihovanni had to achieve a reasonable internal control for the behavior of the vikhovants, teach them "to work correctly, if you don’t feel anyone, don’t fight and you don’t know anyone."

Have vihovanni vzagalі that have zmіtsnenі disciplines zokrema especially important May the correct tone and style of the activity of the student team. As the reigning life-radius tone, the basis of any kind of svidoma is discipline, unity and friendship, almost the wetness of a skin member of the team, learning is easier.

Dosit tsіkavim є the principle of parallel diї, Makarenko's victories, for which vihovantsa is presented not directly, but through the team, if the team is relying on the team for the dermal self-repair. The same principle is also added to the consolidation of the team. This technique can be applied to another stage in the development of the team. The same method is used to organize the collective activity. Raznomanіtna svіlna dіyalnіst rob the life of the child collective cіkavim, spriyaє nagodzhennu vіdnosin mizh privinnymi kolektiv, zagalnoshkіlnimi and primal kolektiv, zgurtovu and primary kolektiv, і zagalnoshkіlny. Unite the team of people who are specific in blue, require skin care. For example, the learners, for example, independently rose the song of activity, stinks to separate the bonds between themselves, they want to be engaged in a specific work, to experience the joy of the attained successes.

On the grouping of the military team, the grouping of teachers is positively signified, the unity could help something new. O.Makarenko, having taken into account that the teacher of the trained pedagogical team has a leather teacher, he told about the grouping of the high-school team, then - about doing your class and less sweat - about the success of the masters.

A.S. Makarenko came out of the fact that he is a natural human team. Vihovannya is a social process, in which people, speeches, manifestations, and even more people take part. From them in the first place, like Makarenko, fathers and teachers.

O.S. Makarenko, looking at the nutrition of the family from the sovereign point of view. Skin sіm'ya can vihovuvaty children vіdpovіdno up to sovereign orders. The fathers are guilty of good knowledge and understanding that the stench of waving a child is not only for their joys. In this man's stature, he can become a good citizen of his Batkivshchyna.

The object for the scientific studies of A.S. Makarenko was the practice of fostering children from working families, as if they were born through the power of caution, conversations, leafing. For this reason, yoga works depict a whole gallery of different families, on the butt of which, the different sides of folk pedagogy are sharply and controversially revealed.

Vіdchutnym є vyhovny infusion of the home middle, tobto. family sharpening, as well as a sharpened child posture school (courtyards, streets), courts. Encouraged by them, good stounki, fathers introduce children to a sustainable life, learning to live with people and for people.

Family pedagogy to teach children to vibudovuvat sensible stosunki with one-year-olds near the yard. Here the child is polishing her character, consuming deficiencies, which is impossible for her to change only in otochenny grown-ups. Truth is, there are no less than ideal children on the streets. Therefore, in your right, it is necessary to show caution. However, transcendental protection can inspire, the shards of interaction with one-year-olds spice up the physical, rosy, spiritual development of the child and far from start the psuє її.

At the same time, special psychic work will require the prevention of such pathological phenomena suspіlnogo life, like drinking, drug addiction, smoking, swag, villainy, racketeering, prostitution

A.S. Makarenko vvazhav that good people can wriggle less than happy fathers. Even though up to six years the child was twisted correctly and in the new spinning of the songs there were signs of activity and galvanization, then nothing is bad for such a child. It’s even harder to pour on the children of welding that razdratuvannya in sim'ї - a sign of rozbeschennosti, the absence of discipline, shortcomings in the light-gazer. May be like a readable meta-vindication, and the detailed program of modification has been thought out.

Teachers and fathers should be reminded of what TV shows are about, articles in newspapers are negatively injected into the development of incompetent ones. Most of the time, the schoolboy chooses himself, the TV movie is marvelous, but don’t be afraid to easily look at the bastard on the screen, work out the correct visnovki. That is why it is not uncommon for guilt to laudably take merit for condemnation, "telegeria" is supposed to be inherited.

In the period of state maturation of children, according to Makarenka, especially necessary spiritual contact with the fathers. It is unacceptable to "spy" on children, to suspect the friendship of children of various stats. To rob them taєmnimi, zakritimi, allow the grown-up opportunities to beneficially infuse into their psyche and behavior.

Also, in the process of socialization, the number of people is borrowed in the meantime to contact and spivpracyuvati with others. For this very reason, collective vihovannia is the basis of correct vihovannia, even if a person has acquired the norms and rules of the team, a suspіlny dosvіd, learns to regulate his behavior just fine. A person in a team is a person in a country. Knowledge of theory and practice collective vivivanniaє it is especially important for teachers in the process of socialization - smart help and guide in the process of socialization.

Analyzing everything, one asks for whiskers, that the whole history of the country's pedagogy, starting from the 40s, has a friendly influx of pedagogical glances at its progressive Russia, A.S. Makarenko - a bright representative of pedagogical science.

4. Practice

"Pedagogical poetry";
"Prapori on the vezha";
"Book for fathers";

Anton Semyonovich Makarenko (1888-1939) was a talented teacher-innovator, one of the creators of the system of communist education of the growing generation on the basis of the Marxist-Leninist education. Yoga im'ya is widely seen in different countries, yoga pedagogical experiment, which may, behind the words of O. M. Gorky, the light of meaning, is seen everywhere. For 16 years of his activity as a clerk of the colony named after M. Gorky and the commune named after F.E. Dzerzhinsky, A.S. Numerical works by A. S. Makarenka, especially “Pedagogical poem” and “Parpori on vezhah”, translated by rich mov. There is a great number of followers of Makarenka among the progressive saints of the whole world.

Life and activity of A. S. Makarenka

A. S. Makarenko was born on 13 birch 1888. near the municipality of Bilopilli, Kharkiv province, in the family of a worker of the railway workers. At 1905 p. Vіn graduating with recognition from the Pochatkov College with one-to-one pedagogical courses. Burkhlivy under the period of the first Russian revolution of 1905 strongly zahopili zdіbnogo and active young man, early learning his pedagogical call and biased humane ideas of Russian classical literature. The majestic infusion of the molding of the light-gazer Makarenko was pressed by M. Gorky, who was like the minds of the leading masses of Russia. At the same time, A. S. Makarenko learned about Marxist literature, until he was ready to prepare for a successful life.

Ale graduating from the school, A. S. Makarenko, having worked as a teacher of Russian language, sat down and painted at the two-class zaliznichny school. Kryukov Poltava province. Having developed progressive pedagogical ideas in his work: having established close links with the fathers of the students, propagating the ideas of humane promotion to children, promoting their interests, trying to organize the practice at the school. Naturally, this attitude of inciting was not praised from the side of the conservative school authorities, as if Makarenka was transferred from Kryukov to the school of the deaf station of Dolinskaya Pivdennaya Zaliznitsa. From 1914 to 1917 Makarenko studied at the Poltava Teachers' Institute, which ended with a gold medal. Afterwards, having run the great school of buds near Kryukov, we passed through our childhood and youth, and de nine opened the museum of my name.

A. S. Makarenko was buried in the wake of the Great Zhovtnev socialist revolution. During the period of the civil war and foreign intervention in the Ukrainian cities, there was a great number of homeless pleas, the organs of the Radyansk government began to create special vikhovnі for them, and A.S. In 1920 was instructed to organize a colony for juvenile offenders.

Through eight years of hard work in pedagogy and courageous, innovative approaches to the methods of communist education, Makarenko has won again, having made a miraculous pledge, having glorified Radyansk pedagogy and having solidified the deviant and humane nature of the Marxist-Leninist education about education.

In 1928 M. Gorky saw the colony, which was born in 1926. yoga im'ya. Vin wrote from this drive: “Who instantly changed the floorings without knowing it, twisted hundreds of children, so bitterly and figuratively commemorated their lives? The organizer and head of the colony was A. S. Makarenko. Tse is an incredibly talented teacher. The colonists are right to love yoga and talk about the new one in such a tone of pride that they themselves did yoga.”

The heroic story of the creation and expansion of the colony is miraculously depicted by A. S. Makarenok in the Pedagogical Poem. Until її writing wines, starting in 1925. The entire TWIR was published in parts in 1933-1935.

In 1928-1935 rr. Makarenko cheruvav organized by Kharkiv Chekist commune named after F. E. Dzerzhinsky. Pratsyyuchi here, vіn zmіg confirms the life and vigor of the principles formulated by him and the methods of communist vihovannia. The life of the commune was celebrated by A.S. Makarenka at his work “Parori on the veins”.

In 1935 Makarenko was transferred to Kiev to manage the pedagogical part of the labor colonies of the NKVS of Ukraine. In 1936, roci vin moved to Moscow, de engaging in theoretical pedagogical activity. Vin often spoke among teachers and in front of a wide audience of readers of his works.

Have 1937 r. was published in the great artistic and pedagogical tvir of A. S. Makarenka "The Book for Fathers". An early death interrupted the work of the author, who transferred to write 4 volumes of the book. 30 years in the newspapers "Izvestiya", "Pravda", "Literaturna Gazeta" appeared a large number of articles by A. S. Makarenok literary scholar, journalistic and pedagogical character. Tsі statti called out to the great tsіkavіst of readers. Makarenko often gave lectures and supplementary lectures on pedagogical meals, giving rich advice to readers and fathers. Speaking on the radio. A number of lectures for the fathers were repeatedly seen under the title "Lectures on the education of children." A. S. Makarenko died on April 1, 1939.

The most important ambush of pedagogical theory and practice of A. S. Makarenko
A. S. Makarenko, having taken into account that the teacher clearly knows the goals of education - the most successful mind of pedagogical activity. In the times of the radyanskogo suspіlstva, by means of the method of vihovannija, vkazuvav vіn, vihovannija of the active participant of socialist everyday life, people, given to the ideas of communism. Makarenko, arguing that the reach of tsієї met as much as possible. "... The education of the new people is rightly happy and feasible for pedagogy," - saying vin, looking forward to the recognition of Marxist-Leninist pedagogy.

Povaga to the individual child, a good-natured look at її potenciy possibilty to take it well, to become more beautiful and to show an active attitude to perfection, inevitably became the basis of A. S. Makarenka's innovative pedagogical activity. I approached my vikhovantsiv wines with the Gorky exclamation "How much more courage is possible for a person and how much more help is there for her." Makarenko added his own to the widened in 20 years to the all-forgiving, tolerant love for the children: love is the reason for the children, it is obligatory to join with the helpers before them; children need "great love", saying wine. Socialistic humanism, expressions in these words and pass through the entire pedagogical system of Makarenka, one of the main principles. A. S. Makarenko profoundly believed in creativity, the strength of people, in their ability. Vіn pragniv “design” the people the best.

The pribіchniks of the “free vihovannya” quarreled whether they had punished the children, declaring that “the punishment was the punishment for the slave.” Makarenko rightly recounted to him, apparently, that "the lack of carnality of a vikhovu hooligan", and respecting that wisely, kindly and rarely zastosovuvannya early, crim, sizably, corpulently, generally acceptable.

A. S. Makarenko struggled strongly with pedology. Vin was one of the first to speak out against the law formulated by pedologists “the law on the fatalistic delusion of the proportion of children with depression and the inevitable middle ground”. Vin having argued that, be it a radiant child, a skrivgena chi zipped by the abnormal minds of her life, she can correct herself for the mind of creating a friendly environment and stosuvanya of the correct methods of vihovannia.

Have a vikhovnіy radyanskіy stanovі vіhovantsіv next orient on the future, and not on the past, click ahead of them, show them the real prospects. Orientation on the future to become, in the opinion of Makarenka, the most important law of socialist everyday life, entirely directed to the future, vindicating the life of the skin people. “Which a person - means to wag in it,” said A. S. Makarenko, “promising paths, with which tomorrow's joy is swelled. You can write a whole methodology for the most important work.” Tsya robot is guilty of organizing for the “system of perspective lines”.

Vihovannia in the team and through the team

The central problem of pedagogical practice and theory of A. S. Makarenko - organization and development of a child team, about which N. K. Krupska spoke .

The Zhovtnev revolution hung on the agenda of the communistic development of the collective, and, naturally, the idea of the development of the collective occupied the minds of the radiant teachers of the 20s.

The great merit of A. S. Makarenka was that he had developed the theory of organization and the development of the child collective and the individuality of the collective through the collective. Makarenko bachelor of the head of the university work in the right organization of the team. "Marxism," he wrote, "to teach us that it is not possible to distinguish between the singularity of the state of supremacy, the position of the collective." The most important quality radian people It’s easy to live with the collective, to engage in constant intercourse with people, to practice and create, to subdue one’s special interests to the interests of the collective.

A. S. Makarenko slyly shukav forms of organization of children's pledges, as if they were in line with the humane goals of radiant pedagogy, and they adopted the molding of creative purposeful specialness. “We need,” writing wine, “new forms of life of a childish life, to give positive values to the sphere of vihovannia. Only a great strain of pedagogical thought, only a wise and stringent analysis, only wines and re-verification can lead us to these forms.” Collective forms of education revitalize the radiant pedagogy of the bourgeois. "It is possible, - writing Makarenko, - the main feature of our spiritual system in the bourgeois system lies in the fact that our childish collective is obligated to growth and richness, the best tomorrow is to blame, it is necessary to create, having respected Makarenko, thoroughly the system of great and small collective individuals, virobiti system establish the most important “mechanism”, pedagogical method – “parallel infusion” - one hour influx of the influx into the team, and through the new and skin vihoventsya.

Z'yavoyuchi vikhovnu day of the team, A.S. Makarenko baldly, that the right team is guilty of mother spіlnu meta, to engage in raznobіchnuyu diyalnіstyu, to someone else may be organized, to direct his life and work.

The most important mind, which secures the development of the team, vіv vavavnіst nayavnіst yоgo svіdomlenoї prospect rush ahead. If the achievement is set, it is necessary to look more, even more radiant and promising, but obov'yazkovo perebuva in the sphere of more promising goals, as if to stand in front of the radyansky supremacy, which will be socialism.

A. S. Makarenko first formulated and scientifically obstructed the vimogi, as a way to confirm the pedagogical team of the university, and establish the rules of yoga in return from the team of vikhovantsiv.

The art of curation by the collective is based, on the thought of Makarenka, for those who want to drink yoga with a singing method, as if it requires a lot of effort, practice, tension. And here the reach of meti gives great satisfaction. For a childish team, a badora, a radio, a major atmosphere is needed.

About labor vihovannya
A. S. Makarenko, saying that it is more correct for a communist movement to be unearned. Our power is the power of the working people. Our Constitution says: "He who does not work, that does not exist." I motivators can teach children to work creatively. Whom can be reached, having less than swiped at them about the practice as the bindings of the Radyansk people. The one who doesn’t know how to work, who doesn’t know what kind of work is Zusilla, who is afraid of “labor sweat”, that one can’t get creative at work. Labor achievement, respecting Makarenko, being one of the most important elements physical culture, spryyaє vodno psikhіchnomu, spiritual development of people.

A. S. Makarenko, having started to hang around with his colonists, will now take up some kind of work, regardless of whether it is necessary to win or not, accepting or not accepting. From a certain binding, which is a practice for beginners, step by step becomes the core of creativity, a source of pride that joy, as, for example, described in the “Pedagogical Poem” of the holy first sheaf. In the installations, like Makarenko’s cherubs, their own system of labor training was vibrated, the sound was installed: I’m going to hand over the robot to the best pen.

Speaking about the establishment of labor training in schools and this family, A. S. Makarenko, having taken into account that the process of victoring the children of labor heads led them to the organization’s employees, to develop their orientation in robots, to plan , which is stained. the product of practice.

"The fate of the collective practice, - saying A.S. Makarenko, - allows people to be properly morally placed to other people - disputed love and friendship according to the promotion to the leather worker, stupefied and sued according to the promotion to the ledaris, to the people who succumb to work ".

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Pedagogical look at Anton Semenovich Makarenka. Course work: Pedagogical system of Anton Semenovich Makarenka

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3. Theory about the team

4. Practice