N in gogol dead souls theme. Analysis of the Dead Souls of Gogol N.V.
Eat the idea " Dead souls» that yoga breath. Call me sens. Subject
The idea is to lie down until 1835. Pushkin gave the plot to Gogol. First volume " dead souls» endings in 1841 roci, and publications 1842 roci under the name "Come Chichikov, or Dead Souls."
Gogol, having conceived a grandiose tvir, from which wines he chose all aspects of the life of Russia. Gogol, writing to V.A. Zhukovsky about the idea of his creation: "All Russia will appear at the New One."
The idea of "Dead Souls" can be compared with the idea " Divine Comedy» Dante. Pismennik maw namir write tvir in three volumes. In the first volume, Gogol tried to show the negative side of the life of Russia. Chichikov - the central hero of the poem - and most of the other characters are depicted in a satirical key. In another volume, the writer has begun to name paths for his heroes to spiritual rebirth. In the third volume, Gogol wants to realize his own statement about the right person.
Іz conceived by the writer of injunctions and sense name create. The very name "Dead Souls" to avenge, apparently, is a paradox: the soul is immortal, then, it cannot be dead. The word "dead" wins here in a figurative, metaphorical sense. First of all, here there is a story about the dead krіpaks, like in the revision tales they come alive. In another way, speaking about "dead souls", Gogol can be taken away by the representatives of the panist camps - assistants, officials, the souls of which are "dead", leaning against the power of addictions.
Gogol was far from finishing the first volume of Dead Souls. Over another volume, the writer worked on the rest of his life. The remaining version of the manuscript of another Gogol, perhaps, having died shortly before his death. They spared less than divided two cob editions of another volume. Before writing the third volume, Gogol did not start.
In his work Gogol saw life of Russia in the first third of the nineteenth century; In addition, in the author's speeches and other sub-plot elements, the creators are torn by such things as Petersburg, war of 1812, Russian language, youth and old age, call of a writer, nature, future Russia and many others.
The main problem is that idea directing to creation
The main problem of "Dead Souls" is spiritual death is that spiritual rebirth of a person.
At once Gogol, a writer from the Christian light-gazer, does not waste hope on the spiritual awakening of his heroes. About spiritual resurrection of Chichikov and Plyushkin, Gogol was going to write in another and third volumes of his work, but his mind was not destined to come up with it.
At "Dead Souls" satirical pathos: a writer victorious about the names of assistants and officials, the death of predilections, the vices of representatives of panistan camps
hardening cob at the house tied to the theme of the people: Gogol is choked with his heroic strength and living mind, with his best word, with all the talents Gogol believes in the best future of Russia and the Russian people.
Genre
Gogol himself subtitle to "Dead Souls" by naming your TV sing.
At the folded writer of the prospectus "The Basic Book of Literature for the Russian Youth" є divided "Smaller canopies of the epic", de characterized poema yak genre, intermediate between epic and novel.Hero such a creation “Private is invisible.” The author of the Veda hero sing krіz lanceug fit, to show a picture of "nedolіkіv, evil, vices".
K.S. Aksakov having a chat with Gogol's work draw an old epic. “The old epic will rise again,” wrote Aksakov. The critic has compared "Dead Souls" with Homer's "Iliad". Aksakov was struck by the grandiosity of Gogol's idea, and its inspiration even in the first volume of Dead Souls.
At the poet Gogol Aksakov was wise, calm, great looking at the world, powerful ancient authors. With such a look, you can often come in handy. Elements sing like a genre ospіvuє mi vyavlyaєmo us in front of the author's opinions about Russia, about the trio bird.
Vodnochas, Aksakov underestimated the satirical pathos of Dead Souls. V.G.Belinsky, having entered into a polemic with Aksakov, having spoken to us in front of satirical directness"Dead Souls" Belinsky pobachiv at the work of Gogol's miracles a bit of satire.
"Dead Souls" has the same draw an adventurous novel The main storyline of the creation was inspired by the adventures of the main character. At the same time, love intrigue is so important in most novels, in Gogol's work it is put on a different plane and shown in a comic key (the story of Chichikov and the governor's daughter, a bit about the possibility of being stolen by the heroes too soon).
Later, Gogol's poems are in harmony with the genre plan tvir. "Dead Souls" to dine with the collection of an ancient epic, fit for a novel, satire.
Composition: passionate inspiration for creativity
The first volume of "Dead Souls" folded mystetsky cile.
Look at plot create. Apparently, yoga was presented to Gogol by Pushkin. Creativity lies at the heart of the plot adventurous story of Chichikov's giving of dead souls villagers, yakі for documents vvazhayutsya alive. A similar plot follows Gogol's designation of the genre as a "smaller epic" (div. divided about the genre). Chichikov appears plot-driven character. The role of Chichikov is similar to the role of Khlestakov in the comedy "Inspector": the hero appears in the place of NN, worries in a new commotion, moves quickly out of the place, if the situation becomes unsafe.
It is significant that in the composition you create more than spaciousprinciple of organizing material. Here, the principle of maintaining the life of "Dead Souls" and, say, "Eugene Onegin", de "the hour of repayment for the calendar", or "The Hero of Our Hour", de chronology, on the contrary, is destroyed, is shown head hero. In Gogol's poems, the basis of the composition is not the timely organization of the subdivisions and not the task of psychological analysis, but the spacious images - provincial towns, landlord's gardens, nareshti, all of Russia, vast expanses that stand in front of us at the entrances about Russia that bird
The first division can be seen exposure eat everything. Chitach get to know Chichikov- the central character of the creation. The author gives a description of the soundness of Chichikov, to rob a sprat of respect for his character and that zvichok. At the first, we were divided, we know with the familiar look of the provincial town of NN, and inspire it with its inhabitants. Gogol gives a short one, but I do satirical picture of the life of officials.
From another to the sixth division the writer represents the readers gallery of helpers. In the image of Gogol's skin helper, there is a singing compositional principle (a description of the helper's sadibi, his portrait, an interior booth, comical situations, the most important among them - the scene of offense and the scene of the purchase and sale of dead souls).
Have a somomu divided diya again transferred to the provincial town. The most important episode of the somth distribution - stage at the Treasury Chamberі description of the snіdanku at the police chief
Central episode the eighth division - a ball at the governor's. Here you get a boost love affair, Nam_chena in the fifth division (Zitknennya chaise of Chichikov with a stroller, in which they sat for two, one of them, as it turned out, was the daughter of the governor). At the ninth divisionbits and pieces they grow up about Chichikov. Women are the main ones. The biggest thing about Chichikov is that the hero is going to win the governor's donut. Love intrigue to pass such a rank from the sphere of reality, the sphere is a little bit and tiles about Chichikov.
At the tenth branch, the central place is borrowed step into the police chief's booth. Particularly the place of the tenth was divided, and the work of the creators borrowed an intercalary episode - "The Tale of Captain Kopeykin". The tenth round ended with the announcement about the death of the prosecutor. Prosecutor's funeral scene in the eleventh division complete the theme of the place.
Vtecha Chichikov from place NN in the eleventh division complete the main storyline eat.
Characters
Gallery of helpers
Central place near the poemі borrowing helper gallery. Your characteristics of assignment five divisions first of all - from the other along the line. Gogol showing a close-up of five characters. Tse Manilov, Korobochka, Nozdrov, Sobakevich and Plyushkin. Mustache helpers instill a thought about the spiritual welfare of people.
When creating images of assistants Gogol widely victorious enjoy artistic imagery, bring literary creativity closer to painting: description of sadibi, interior, portrait.
Important also current characteristics heroes, prilyv'ya that reveal the essence of their nature, comical situations, us ahead the scene of obіdu that scene of the purchase and sale of dead souls.
I play a special role in Gogol's work details- landscape, object, portrait, details of the current displays and others.
Briefly characterize the skin helpers.
Manilov- people call of pleasant, kindly, roztasovaniya to familiarity, comradely. This is the only character who is kind to the end of the day about Chichikov. In addition, vin stand before us like good Sim'yanin to love the squad and talk about children.
I vsezh head rice Manilova - tse empty mrіylivіst, projecting, nevminnya gospodaryuvat. The hero of the dream will call the houses from the belvedere, the stars will show the view of Moscow. Vіn also dream about those sovereigns, having found out about their friendship with Chichikov, “waving their generals”.
The description of Manilov's sadibi is full of hostility to one-manhood: “The village of Manilivka was not rich enough to lure roztashuvannya with its misery. Budinok pansky standing the same in the south, so on the high ground, open to all the winds, which only tempt to blow. Tsikavoy is a detail of the landscape painting - a gazebo with the inscription "Temple of the Resurrection of Thought". This detail characterizes the hero as a sentimental person, as if he loves to go into empty dreams.
Now about the details of Manilov's interior. At the office of yoga there were wonderful furniture, and two armchairs were already covered with bast matting. There also lay like a book, pawned on the fourteenth side. On both windows there are “weights beaten from a tube of ash”. There were no furniture in some rooms of ours. A chapurny candle was leaning on the table, and a handicapped man was placed as a warrant. It’s all worth talking about the lack of time of Manilov’s gospodaryuvaty, for those who can bring the blame to the rest of the right.
We can look at the portrait of Manilov. The soundness of the hero is about the licorice of his character. At the sight of the wine, the people were asked to receive it by the reception, “ale in the reception, it was given, it was passed over to the tsukr.” The hero of the mav took on the appearance of a figure, but at the sight of Yogo it was “transferred to the tsukr”. The hero smiled, like a whale, like a finger flapped behind the vukhs.
Mova Manilova is rich, ornate. The hero loves to speak beautiful phrases. "Herbal day ... the birthday of the heart!" - Vіtaє vin Chichikov.
Gogol characterizes his hero, going to the point of saying: "Neither this nor that, nor near the town of Bogdan, nor in the village of Selifan."
Significantly, the scene of offense is also the scene of the purchase and sale of dead souls. Treat Manilov Chichikova with a big heart. Prohannya Chichikova sell dead souls, calling Manilov zdivuvannya that pishnomovnі mirkuvannya: "Why would not the purchase be inconsistent with civil decrees and distant views of Russia?"
box vіdrіznyає love to the point and at once " cudgel-headedness". Tsya housekeeper may be like a woman, she is fringed, with a straightforward character, undemanding, thrifty to the point of fear.
At the same hour Korobochka let Chichikov in at night to her booth, what to talk about її strangenessі hotel room.
From the description of the sadibi Boxes of my bachimo, that the help is not so good about the look of the sadibi, as if about the success of the state, about prosperity. Chichikov commemorates the well-doing of rural households. Box - practical lady.
Tim for an hour at the booth at Korobochka, at the kіmnati, where Chichikov moved, “behind the skin mirror, a bulo or a leaf was laid, or an old deck of cards, or panchoks”; all these subject details support the passion of the assistant to the selection of obscene speeches.
At the hour of reproach, all the housewives will put on the table, store that wine, which will tell about the patriarchal sound of the master's hospitality. Tim for an hour speech Chichikov about selling dead souls to you and bringing them to the place to find out why none of the dead souls. To that Chichikov, vikoristovuyuchi order, characterizes Korobochka as "a mongrel on the blue", as she herself does not give it to others.
Nizdrev–wast, reveler, shakhrai,"Historical people", shards from her always trap like history. Whose character will be resurrected later nonsense, gambling, dishonesty,brotherhood with hot yoga people, praise, shillnist to scandalous stories
The description of Nozdrov's sadibi shows the originality of the character of the Vlasnik. Mi, scho the hero is not engaged in the state. So, for Yogo Maєtku, "the field of rich places was formed from bushes." There is no better kennel at Nozdrov’s than a garage that tells about yoga addiction to dog watering.
Tsikavy inter'єr house of Nozdryov. “Turkish daggers” hung by the yogi’s office, one of them was pardoned with a pardon: “Maister Saveliy Sibiryakov””. Among the details of the interior, it is also significant that the Turkish pipes and the hurdy-gurdy are objects that reflect the character's interests.
Tsikava is a portrait detail that speaks about the hero's silliness to a riotous life: Nozdrov's one sideburn is three times thicker for another - a legacy of a tavern's beat.
In rozpovіdі about Nozdryov Gogol's victorious hyperbole: the hero rozpіdaє, scho vіn, being at the fair, "one consolation of obіd having drunk 14 champagne puffs", sо to tell about the hero's shyness to the point of blaming that nonsense.
For dinner, at some hour, ogidically prepared straves were served, Nozdryov tried to get Chichikov drunk with cheap wine of summative quality.
Speaking about the scene of the buying and selling of dead souls, it is significant that the proposition of Chichikov's Nozdryov is taken as an excuse for gambling. After all, this is the fault of the welding, as if the beat of Chichikov does not end up violently.
Sobakevich– ce helper-fist, which is the mіtsne of the state and the water hour rudenessі straightforwardness. Whose assistant stands before us like a man unfriendly,non-grabable,nasty talk about everyone. Time and again, I give superlative, even rude characteristics to the officials of the locality.
Describing Sobakevich's sadiba, Gogol means this. During the life of the pansky booth, “the architect fought non-stop for the gusto of the ruler,” to which the booths of the viyshov are asymmetrical, even though they are mіtsnim.
We have great respect for the interior of Sobakevich's booth. Portraits of Greek generals hung on the walls. “All these heroes,” Gogol respects, “were with such comfy quilts and indecipherable whiskers that a tremtіnnya passed through the body,” which completely confirms the character of the ruler of the sadibi. At the kіmnati there was “a mountain bureau on impregnable chotyrokh legs, a thorough witch ... A leather object, a leather stіlets, it was given, saying: “I am the same Sobakevich””.
Gogol's character and his zvnishnistyu also conjure up the "average size of a bear", which testifies to the rudeness, uncouthness of the helper. The letter signifies that “a tailcoat on a new bow of a familiar color, sleeves of a dovgі, pantaloons of a dovgі, stepping with the feet of the wines and twisting and navskis and stepping on other people’s legs.” Nevipadkovo characterizes the hero with the following phrase: "Negarazd skroєny, ta mіtsno sewing." In rozpovidi about Sobakevich Gogol goes to the reception hyperbole. Sobakevich's "bogatyrism" is manifested, zocrema, in the fact that one's leg is taken up "into such a veletensky world, which one can hardly know a leg that shows."
Gogol's victorious hyperbole and when describing Sobakevich's offense, I am addicted to gluttony like a kind of obsession: before the table, an indication of "growth of the body" was served. In general, the insults at the hero's booth are disturbed by the inability to see the fears. “If I have pork - let’s eat the whole pig, lamb - pull the whole ram, guska - guska! Rather, I take two things from the world, as the soul wins, ”says Sobakevich.
Discussing the sale of dead souls with Chichikov, Sobakevich diligently bargains, and for trying Chichikov, he tries to buy a possible denunciation.
Plushkin separate yourself sknarist, brought to the point of absurdity. This is an old, unwelcoming, neohayny and unwelcoming person.
I will describe sadibi and Plyushkin’s bungalow bachimo, that the state is in a new state of desolation. Zhadіbnіst afflicted and dobrobut, and the soul of the hero.
The soundness of the master of the mother is not shown. “The appearance of yoga did not become anything special; it was just the same, as in the case of rich thin-haired people of a frail age, one of them only stepped far forward, so that wine was guilty of cursing Yogo with a harsh one, so as not to spit, - Gogol writes. “The little eyes didn’t go out yet, and they were beating up their high-growing brows, like a bear.”
Of particular importance when creating the image of Plushkin subject details. At the bureau in the office of the hero, the reader knows the mountain of various rubbish. There are impersonal objects here: “a bunch of written-off dribbling papers, covered with a marmur green press with an egg on the mountain, like an old book in a shkiryany palette with a chervonim image, a lemon, all droopy, no taller than a fox pea, a crimson handle, a glass of rіomukrit a leaf, a piece of sealing wax, a piece like a raised ganchirka, two feathers, fermented with ink, withered, as if in dryness, a toothpick, zowsіm zhovkla, which the master, maybe, kolupav on his teeth. French". We know the same coupe at Plyushkin's kennel. Apparently, psychological analysis can take on different forms. For example, Lermontov draws a psychological portrait of Pechorin, revealing the inner world of the hero through the details of the exterior. Dostoyevsky and Tolstoy go into great inner monologues. Gogol character's soul stun over-important through the subject world.“Tina dribnitsa”, which evokes Plyushkin, symbolizes stingy, drib'yazkova, “withered”, like a forgotten lemon, soul.
At the obid, the hero pronounces rusk to Chichikov (leftover pasta) and old liqueur, for which Plyushkin is a handy worm worm. Having learned about Chichikov's proposition, Plyushkin is very glad, that Chichikov will allow him to pay taxes for the number of villagers, who died or flowed into the miserly ruler, who starved them.
It is even more important to point out that Gogol goes to such an extent that excursion at the hero's past(retrospection): it is important to show the author how the hero used to be before and to what a lowness he sank now. In the past, Plyushkin is a great gentleman, a happy Sim'yanin. In the present - “a prophet in the people”, behind the words of a writer.
Gogol satirically depicted in his work various types of characters of Russian helpers. Their names have become nominal.
Significantly so the value of the gallery itself, which symbolizes the process of spiritual degradation of a person. Like writing Gogol, yoga heroes "one sent another." As Manilov may have become addicted to rice, then Plyushkin is the butt of the extreme soul.
The image of the provincial town: officials, women's welfare
Order from the gallery of assistants in an important place in the work of the borrower image of the provincial town NN. The theme of the place v_dkrivaєtsya at the first branch,be updated at the same time the first to that "Dead Souls" that ends on the cob of the eleventh division.
The first one was divided Gogol yes general description of the place. Win small the old look of the place, describe streets, hotel.
Mіsk landscape odnomanіtny. Gogol writes: "The farb on the stone houses was beaten strongly at the vechizhovta and the sulfur on the wooden houses was modestly dark." Tsіkavі deyaki vivіski, for example: "Foreigner Vasil Fedorov".
AT description of the hotel Gogol vikoristovu yaskra subjectdetails, go to the artistic porivnyam. The writing-book is slightly darkened by the walls of the “sleeping hall”, targans, which look like prunes, from the walls of Chichikov’s kimnati.
Missky landscape, description of the hotel to help the author to create atmosphere of vulgarity, scho panuє at the provincial city.
Already at the first place, Gogol called greater officials place. Tse governor, vice-governor, prosecutor, police chief, head of the chamber, inspector of the medical administration, city architect, postmaster, deyaks and other townspeople.
In the description of the place, provincial officials, their characteristics and vdachas, the memory is clearly expressed satirical directness. Pismennik sharply criticizes the Russian bureaucratic system, which is the evil of officials. Gogol sings such things, like red tape, swagger, embezzlement, rude swaville, and also empty way of life, gluttony, shillnist to card-gri, empty, tiles, ignorance, marnoslavism and a lot of other vices.
At "Dead Souls" officials are depicted gaudily more cited, lower in "Revizori". The stinks are not named. Most often Gogol shows the posture of an official, the roblox emphasizes the social role of the character. Some people say they are named after the father's diy's individual. We know that the head of the ward sound Ivan Grigorovich,police chief - Oleksiy Ivanovich, postmaster - Ivan Andriyovich.
Acting officials Gogol gives short characteristics. For example, I respect you governor buv "neither thin, nor thin, mav on the shoulders of Anna" and "having hung around the tulle". prosecutor mav bushy eyebrows and pidmorguvav levi eye, nibi asking to come to another room.
Police chief Oleksiy Ivanovich, "Father and Benevolent" at the city, similarly to the mayor's "Inspector", in the shops and in the vitality, like a comor's air. At the same time, the police chief was able to win the favor of the merchants, as if they said that Oleksiy Ivanovich “would like it out of the blue, but then you won’t see it anyway.” It dawned on me that the police chief had lied about the machinations of the merchants. Chichikov remarks about the police chief with this rank: “What a well-read person! We played at the new one at the vist ... to the most important pivniv. Here is a writer of victorious reception irony.
Gogol gives a clear description of a frivolous official-habarnik Ivan Antonovich "Glechikov Rilo", what do you know about taking from Chichikov a “sweet spot” for the registration of the bill of sale forte. Ivan Antonovich mav miraculous call: the whole middle of this guise “stepped forward and went down”, the name and honor of that official - maister khabar.
And from postmaster“Maizhe” didn’t take khabarіv: in a first way, they didn’t pronounce on you: not that settlement; in a different way, having won only one blue tit, and the state pay was mostly gone. The character of Ivan Andriyovich is comradely; for the author's dedication, tse buv "dotepnik and philosopher".
What is the cost the head of the ward, Then vin knowing the memory of "Lyudmila" Zhukovsky. Other officials, as I respect Gogol, were also “people illumined”: some read Karamzin, some “Moskovski Vydomosti”, some read and read nothing. Here Gogol again goes to the reception irony. For example, about a group of officials at the map, the author respects that they are “busy.”
There were no duels, due to the respect of the writer, among the officials, more, like Gogol writes, we were civil officials, but one of them did mischief to one, de bulo is possible, which, as it seems, for an hour it becomes important for a duel.
At the center of the "Story about Captain Kopeykin", told by the postmaster at the tenth division, two characters: the disabled man of 1812, "little man" captain Kopeykinі "significant person"- The highest official, minister, who did not help the veteran, who showed callousness and baiting to the new.
Individuals from the bureaucratic world are blamed in the life of Chichikov in the eleventh division: Chichikov himself, the attendant, who Chichikov foolishly fooled, not making friends with Yogo's daughter, commission members from everyday life of state-owned life, service comrades Chichikov on a mitt, other individuals from the bureaucratic world.
Let's look at the deeds episode sing, de naiaskraviche, the characters of officials, their way of life, are revealed.
The central episode of the first division - the scene evening at the governor's Already here there are such pictures of the provincial bureaucracy, like ice, love to the card grey, empty. Right here mi bachimo an entry about comrades and thin officials, de the writer strains on the unrighteous income of the comrades and the waste of thin ones.
At the same time, Gogol turns to those places. Letter from irony describe treasury chamber. Tse "a stone house, all white like a creid, imovirno, for the image of the purity of the souls of the settlements." About the court, the author respects that it is "an incorruptible zemstvo court"; about the Suddivian officials, it seems that the “incorruptible heads of the victims of Themis” are wailing. An excellent characterization of officials is given by Sobakevich's mouths. “All the stinks drag the earth for nothing,” the hero respects. Shown in close-up swag episode: Ivan Antonovich "Glechikov's rilo" maisterno accepts Chichikov's "white"
By the stage snіdanku from the police chief such figures of officials are roaring, like gluttonyі love to drink. Here Gogol again goes to the reception hyperbole: Sobakevich is one for a nine-pood sturgeon
Describes Gogol with unrequited irony zhіnoche suspіlstvo. Women of the city buli " presentable”, for the respect of the author. Particularly brightly, the woman's supplication is painted near the scenes ball at the governor's. Women perform at "Dead Souls" like legislators of fashion and the hromada thought. Particularly obvious is the connection between Chichikov's faces and the governor's daughter: the women are overwhelmed by Chichikov's lack of respect for them.
The theme of women's tiles take away further development from ninth division, de author close-up showing Sofia Ivanivnaі Hanna Grigorivna - "I'll just accept the lady"і “Lady, I’ll accept in good faith.” The zavdyaks of their efforts are a little bit about those that Chichikov is going to win the governor's donut.
The central episode of the tenth division–zustrіch officials at the police chief, where names are discussed about those who are such Chichikov. This episode predicts the scene at the mayor's booth at the first episode of the Inspector. Officials have chosen to find out who Chichikov is. The stinks are guessing about their “sins” and at the same time they are making a nameless judgment about Chichikov. Thoughts are being raised about the inspector, the counterfeiter of counterfeit banknotes, Napoleon, nareshti, captain Kopeykin, about whom the postmaster tells.
Death of a prosecutor, About how to walk in the tenth rozdil, - the author’s symbolic bag of thoughts sing about the stupidity, the empty life of the city. Mental turmoil stumbled, on Gogol's reconciliation, like assistants, and th officials. Tsіkavo "vіdkrittya" meshkantsіv mіsta, zroblene zv'yazku zі the death of the prosecutor. “Those who only spoke to the people recognized that the dead man had a boo, singsongly, soul, wanting no guilt for his modesty,” the writer respects with irony. Painting of the prosecutor's funeral in the eleventh division, I will complete the essay about the place. Chichikov winks, guarding the funeral procession: “From, prosecutor! Alive, alive, and died in a good way! And the axis is instructed in the newspapers, who died, to the point of mourning, and all people, an honorable bulky man, a dear father, an approximate person ... even if you pick a good one on the right, then for re-verification, you’ve got nothing more than that, you’ve got thick eyebrows.
In this manner, creating the image of the provincial town, Gogol, showing the life of the Russian bureaucracy, yogo vadi that evil. Image the officials, instruct the assistants with the images, help the readers to understand the senses, sing about the dead, sinned souls.
The theme of St. Petersburg. "The Tale of Captain Kopeykin"
Gogol's order to Petersburg was already being looked at for an hour to analyze the comedy The Inspector General. Let's guess that for the writer Petersburg was not only the capital of an autocratic state, having no doubt about the justice of which faults, but also among the largest manifestations of foreign civilization - such as the cult of material values, pseudo-illumination, marnoslavism; In addition, Gogol's tribute to St. Petersburg is a symbol of a soulless bureaucratic system, which belittles, denigrates the "little people."
Riddles about Petersburg, the relationship between the life of the province and the life of the capital, we already had the first distribution of "Dead Souls", in the description of the evening at the governor. About the worthlessness of the gastronomic thin cities of St. Petersburg in the idle time and clean eating of the provincial helpers, “ladies of the middle hand”, the author of the fourth division on the cob. Chichikov, roaring about Sobakevich, tries to reveal, having become Sobakevich, the yakbee is alive at Petersburg. Telling about the governor's ball, the author ironically respects: No, not the province, not the capital, not Paris itself. With the theme of St. Petersburg, Chichikov was honored and honored in the eleventh section about the destruction of the landowners' maetkiv: “Everything went well to serve in St. Petersburg; throw the motherfuckers."
The best theme of St. Petersburg is revealed in "Talk about Captain Kopeykin", yak at the tenth rose the postmaster. "The Story..." is based on folklore traditions. One of її dzherel–folk song about the robber Kopeykin. Zvіdsi elementi warning: it’s significant to say the postmaster like “my sovereign”, “you know”, “you can show yourself”, “you”.
A true hero, disabled in 1812 fate, who, having reached St. Petersburg, ask for “monarchal mercy”, “having appeared in a rapt near the capital, which is similar, so move, there is nothing in the world! Rapt in front of him was so light as a movement: Deyke the field of life, Kazkov Scheherazade. Tsei description of St. Petersburg tells us about hyperbolic images at the scene of Khlestakov's nonsense in the comedy "Inspector": the captain is playing at the luxury windows "cherries - for five rubles a little thing", "kavun-huge".
At the center "Povisti" - a stand "little people" by Captain Kopeykinі "significant individuals" - minister, which separates the bureaucratic machine, baiduzhu to the needs ordinary people. This is a sign that Gogol himself is defending Tsar himself from criticism: at the moment Kopeikin arrived in St. Petersburg, the sovereign went on overseas campaigns and received the necessary orders to help the disabled.
It is important that the author portrays the Petersburg bureaucracy from the position of the people from the people. Zagalny sense "Povisti ..." the axis of Chomu. Yakscho vlad not turn to the guise to the needs of the people, the inevitable revolt against her. Nevipadkovo captain Kopeikin, not knowing the truth from Petersburg, having become, a little bit, the otaman of the guards of the robbers.
Chichikov, yoga ideological and compositional role
The image of Chichikov vikonu two main functions - independentі compositional. From one side, Chichikov - tse a new type of Russian life, a type of adventurous nabuvach. From the other side, Chichikov - tse plot-forming character; Yogo is useful to become the basis for the plot of creation.
Let's look at the independent role of Chichikov. Tse, behind the words of Gogol, gentleman, shopper.
Chichikov - out of the middle poor and humble nobility. Tse official, having served the rank of a kolezky guardian and accumulating his first capital, engaging in embezzlement and swag. One hour the hero takes the role Kherson helper for which wine you see. Chichikov needs the status of a helper for the transfer of dead souls.
Gogol vvazhav, scho gain the spirit came to Russia from Sunset and found here indulgent forms. Zvіdsi evil paths of the hero to material prosperity.
Chichikova vіdrіznyає hypocrisy. Creators of lawlessness, the hero declares his respect for the law. "The law - I nіmіyu before the law!" - Declares guilt to Manilov.
It should be noted that Chichikov is not getting pennies by powerful forces, but by his ability rich and beautiful life. “Yoma was afraid before life in the comfort of his soul, with the fortune of the statutes; crews, booths, good power, the axis that raced without interruption in the head of yoga, ”Gogol writes about his hero.
The pursuit of material values created the hero's soul. Chichikov, similarly to assistants and officials, can be brought up to "dead souls".
Let's look now compositional role of the image of Chichikov. Tse central character"Dead Souls" Yogo's main role in creativity - storytelling. This role is assigned to us in front of the genre of creation. Yak was conceived, Gogol is naming him as "an epic of a lesser kind." The hero of such a creation is “that invisible person is private.” The author of this krіz lantsyug is suitable for change, to show a picture of modern life, a picture of shortcomings, evil, vad. In "Dead Souls" the use of such a hero - Chichikov - becomes the basis of the plot and allows the author to show the negative side of modern Russian activity, human passions and pardons.
At the same hour compositional role Chichikov's image is not limited to a plot-forming function. Chichikov appears, although paradoxically, "trusted person" of the author. In his own house, Gogol marvel at the rich manifestations of the life of Russia, the eye of Chichikov. Yaskravy butt - the hero's thoughts about the souls of those who died and vtikachiv (somy split). Think about formally lying to Chichikov, wanting here the obviously intelligible look of the author himself. Let's take one more example. Chichikov rozmirkovuє pro marnotstvo provincial officials and yoga squads and natomist people dashing (eighth chapter). It dawned on me that the imponderable rozkosh officials and the common people sound like the author, put it into the mouth of the hero. The same can be said about Chichikov's assessment of the wealth of characters. Chichikov calls Korobochka "cudgel-headed", Sobakevich "fist". It dawned on me that these mirrorings inspire the look of these characters of the writer himself.
The insignificance of such a role of Chichikov in the one who "trusted person" author become a negative character. In the meantime, the role of the light of the Christian light of mind Gogol was enlightened, he was revealed about the sinful camp of the modern people and about the possibility of spiritual renewal. On the occasion of the eleventh chapter, Gogol writes about those vices in rich people, how to shy away from their antrochs we do not save for Chichikov. “Why don’t I have any parts of Chichikov?” - Ask food and sob, and read the author of the meal. At the same hour, we hope to bring the hero to spiritual rebirth in another and third volumes of his work, the writer himself vyslovlyuv nadiya on spiritual rebirth, be it a zanepaly people.
Let's look at the deeds art work created in the image of Chichikov
Chichikov - type averaging. Tse podkreslyuєtsya description oldness hero. Gogol writes about Chichikov, that he is “not blushing, but not filthy, not too thin, but not too thin, one cannot say that he is old, but not so, that he is too young.” Chichikov to wear lingonberry color tailcoat with sparkle. This detail of the hero’s old-fashioned appearance underpins his exercise to look decently and at once cope well with himself, sometimes shine in the light, put a pill in his eyes.
The most important rice to the character of Chichikov vminnya prisosuvatisya to otochyuchih, a kind of "chameleon". Tse confirmed promo hero. “About what Rozmov wouldn’t bula, she won’t forget to support me,” writes Gogol. Chichikov thought of mirkuvat and about horses, and about dogs, and about goodness, and about the vistava of hot wine. From the skin of five helpers, Chichikov speaks in a different way. Z Manіlovim vіn rozmovlyає ornately and pishnomovno. With Korobochka Chichikov do not stand on ceremony; at a decisive moment, razdratovaniya її bezgluzdistyu, vіn navit obіtsyaє їy bis. From Nozdrevim Chichikov amulet, from Sobakevich dilovity, from Plyushkinim not richly illustrious. Tsikavy Chichikov's monologue at the house of the policeman (scene of the police chief). The hero tells us Khlestakov. Chichikov pretends to be Kherson's helper, talking about the difference in prosperity, about the triple reign, about happiness, the bliss of two souls.
Chichikov's promos often get ripped off prilyv'ya. “Not May pennies, May good people for sure,” - it seems to Vin Manilov. "Having tied it up - dragged it, zirvalosya - don't feed it," - the hero of the world has a connection with a not-so-distant scam in the commission from the life of a state-owned work. “Ah, I am Akim-simplicity, I joke with mittens, but insults are in my belt!” - Chichikov whispers for the idea that came into your head, to buy up dead souls.
A great role in the creation of the image of Chichikov played subject details. Skrinka the hero is a kind of mirror of his soul, obsessively addicted to the chapel. brichka Chichikov is also a symbolic image. Vaughn is not neviddilna in view of the way of life of the hero, modest to raznomanitnyh suits.
Love intrigue in “Dead Souls”, like in “Revisor”, it appears on another plane. At that very hour, it is important as a revelation to the character of Chichikov, so creating an atmosphere of a bit and tiles in the provincial city. Reply to the one who Chichikov nibito, having robbed the governor's donut, raises a low sky, like escorting the hero until the moment he leaves the place.
Come out sho tiles and bits about the hero also important for the creation of yoga image. The stench characterize yoga from different sides. At the thought of the inhabitants of the city, Chichikov is the inspector, the maker of false banknotes, and the name of Napoleon. Napoleon theme in "Dead Souls" is not vipadkovoy. Napoleon is a symbol of a zahіdnoї tsivіlіzatsії, extreme іndivіdualіzmu, pragnennya reach me be-yak zasoby.
Of special significance in the field of nabuva zhittepis Chichikov, housed in the eleventh division. We call the main stages and sub way of life Chichikov. Tse hopeless childishness life in vigilance, in an atmosphere of family despotism; the redundancy of the Batkiv’s booth and the cob of the beginning, marked Batka's parting words: "Take care of the most and save a penny!". AT school rocks the hero was buried wild speculation without forgetting wine and pro sloppiness in front of the teacher, like a god, at the vashku hvilina, standing up callously, callously. Chichikov hypocritically looking at the daughter of the old interns with the method of passing through the service. Let's get busy "ennobled" forms of sloppiness(via pіdleglih), villainy at the commission from the life of the state life, after vikrittya - shakhraystvo under the hour of service at the mitnitsa(History with Brabant's fences). Nareshti, vin zatiyav scam from dead souls.
Guess what, maybe all the heroes of "Dead Souls" are depicted statically by the writer. Chichikov (yak Plyushkin) with a wink. І tse unvipadkovo. It is important for Gogol to show the turns of his hero’s spiritual turmoil, as if it began in his very childhood and in his early youth, to prostrate, as if addicted to a rich and garny life, step by step, ruined his soul.
Theme to the people
As it was planned, I decided to sing “Dead Souls” to that, to show “all Russia” to her. Gogol gave the main respect to representatives of the nobility - assistants and officials. At the same time I bumped into those people.
Showing the scribe at "Dead Souls" frown side village life - rudeness, ignorance, drunkenness.
Kripaki Chichikov - lackey Parsley i coachman Selifan– neohaynі, neosvіchenі, obmezhenі in Rozum's interests. Petrushka reads books, doesn't understand anything. Selifan is addicted to drinking. Kripa divka Boxes Pelagia I don’t know, de right, de left side. Uncle Mityai and uncle Minyay they cannot disentangle the harness of horses harnessed by two crews.
Vodnochas Gogol appoints talent, creativity Russian people, yoga bagatir forceі free-spirited spirit. Especially brightly tsі risi to the people vіbrazhenі in author's notes (about the best Russian word, about Russia, about the trio bird), as well as mirkuvannyakh Sobakevich about the dead villagers-umiltsiv(ce cegla Milushkin, Yeremey Sorokoplyokhin, like, engaged in trade, bringing a dues of 500 rubles, carriage maker Mіkhєєv, joiner Stepan Cork, shevets Maxim Telyatnikov); at Chichikov's thoughts about buying dead souls, as if they reflect the position of the author himself (there are already the names of the villagers of Sobakevich, the hero Abakuma Firova, who, maybe, skidded to the Volga; vіn becoming a barge hauler and vіddavsya rozguly free life).
Gogol also means rebellious spirit people. The clerk is aware that if a swaville rule will not be stupefied, if the people will not be satisfied with the consumption, then a powerful rebellion. About such a look of the author, we note two episodes from the poet. Tse driving in men assessor Drob'yazhkin, Yaky, being obsessed with prodigal passion, pestering up to girls and young women, and History of Captain Kopeykin like, imovirno, becoming a robber.
They occupy an important place in the field author's notes:satirical,journalistic,lyrical,philosophical and others. Close to the steps of the deaks for their own sake mirkuvannya Chichikov, as if conveying the author's position. How can you see the entrance and such a plot element, yak parable about Kif Mokievich and Mokiya Kifovich in the eleventh division.
Krim vіdstupіv, an important role in the revealed author's position plays "The Tale of Captain Kopeykin" rozkazana postmaster (tenth chapter).
Let's name the main steps, like the first volume of "Dead Souls". Tse think about the author about comrades and thin officials(the first part, the scene of the party at the governor's); yoga judgment about how to behave with people(third division); dotepnі author's respect about the healthy sliver of the pan_v of the middle hand(The ear of the fourth division). Significantly so about a Russian word(end of the fifth division), about youth(The cob of the first split and the rhyme "Take it with you on the road ..."). The fundamental meaning of the author's position may be recognized about two writers(The cob of somogo was divided).
You can equate to entrances mirkuvannya Chichikov about the purchase of peasant souls(the cob of somogo was divided, following the mention of two writers), as well as think it over hero about the empty life of the strong world what a misfortune to the people (the end of the eighth division).
Significantly the same philosophical approach about the pardons of people(tenth division). Completing the list of entries in the author's thoughts in the eleventh division: about Russia(“Rus! Rus!.. I’m giving you…”), about the road, about people's passions. Particularly significant a parable about Kif Mokievich and Mokiya Kifovich that entrance about the trio bird, which completes the first volume of "Dead Souls"
Let's take a look at the steps of the report. Think author about a Russian word I finish five chapters of the Eat. In the power of that beauty of the Russian word, Gogol succumbs to the wisdom, creative vigor, and talent of the Russian people. Gogol compares the Russian language with the language of other peoples: with a light chepurun blisne and the undoubted word of the Frenchman scatter; smartly invent your own, not skin-friendly, sensibly thin word nіmets; but there are no words, as if it would be so flourishing, chewing, so the z-pіd of the very heart would rumble, so it would boil and vibrate, as if the Russian word was spoken fluently. Razmirkovuyuchi about Russian language and the language of other peoples, Gogol goes to accept figurative parallelism: impersonal peoples who live on earth are likened to impersonal churches in Holy Russia.
On the cob of the sixth division, we know the entrance about youth. The author, who reads about his road injuries in his youth and in his mature years, respects that people in their youth are powerful in the freshness of light, as if they were spending their lives. Most likely, according to the writer's thought, I believe that a person can spend an hour in moral vigor, like they were in a new mortgage in their youth. No wonder Gogol continues the theme of youth with roses, at the link with roses about Plyushkin, about his spiritual degradation. The author rages to youth with trembling words: “Take it away from you on the road, walking out of the soft youthful fates of the suvor zhorstok masculinity, take with you all human ruins, don’t take them away on the road, don’t pick them up!”
Vіdstup about two writers, what is the reason for the distribution, it was prompted to figurative parallelism. Writers are similar to mandrivers: a romantic writer - to a happy family man, a satirist writer - to a bachelor of his own.
The romantic writer shows less of the bright side of life; writer-satirist depicts "terrible price of rubbish" and install її in the eyes of the people.
Gogol to talk about those who romantic writer accompanying living glory, satirist writer check throw that persecution. Gogol writes: “Not such is the share and other share of the writer, who, once again, calls out everything that shokhvilini before the eyes and why not stare baiduzhі eyes, all the scary, gibberish price of rubbish, which entangled our life, all the depths of cold, fragmented, everyday characters” .
At the start about two writers Gogol formulas powerful creative principles, yakі zgodom took away the names of realists. Gogol is right there about the meaning of high laughter- the greatest gift of a writer-satirist. The fate of such a writer is "look around" life.
At the entrance about the pardons of people at the tenth branch laid the main idea of "Dead Souls", warehouse the essence of the Christian luminosity of Gogol. In the opinion of the writer, the people in their history often shied away from the true path written by God. Zvіdsi pardons and past generations, and now. “Like twisted, deaf, narrow, impenetrable, that the people were robbed far into the side of the road, pragmatic to reach the eternal truth, even as before it the whole bov_krity is a straight path, similar to the path, leading to the beautiful temple, recognized by the king in the halls. All the other ways in the widest and richest vines, shading with the sun and illuminating with nothing of the fires, scarlet of the sky in the deaf dark, people flowed, ”writes Gogol. The life of Gogol's heroes - helpers, officials, Chichikov - we will destroy with the butt of human oman, deceive in the right way, spend the true sense of life.
At the entrance about Russia(“Rus! Rus! I swear to you, from my wondrous, beautiful, I swear far away ...”) Gogol looks at Russia from distant Rome, de, as I remember, creating the first volume of Dead Souls.
The author sing the nature of Russia with the nature of Italy. Vіn svіdomluє what Russian nature,On the vіdminu vіd rozkіshnoї іtalіyskoї, do not admire the evocative beauty; waterless Russian open spaces yell at the soul of a writer gliboke sensibly.
Gogol seems about the song, which has a Russian character. The letter of the rosemary is also about bezbezhnaya thoughtsі about wealth, the authorities of the Russian people Do not express your thoughts about Russia, the author concludes with the words: “Why are you here, why don’t you be born a serene thought, if you yourself are without a kintsa? Chi here do not be a hero, if there is a place, where will she turn around to walk around? I grimly embrace the less powerful expanse, with terrible force pushing at my depths; unnatural power illumined my eyes: u! like a glimmer, wondrous, unknown far away land! Russia!..»
Parable about Kif Mokievich and Mokiya Kifovich and form, and brightly guessing the author's approach. In the images of the old man and son - Kifi Mokievich and Mokiy Kifovich - Gogol's romanization of the Russian national character is shown. Gogol is aware that there are two main types of Russian people - type of philosopherі type of hero. According to Gogol's thought, the life of the Russian people, like the wise men, and the heroes in Russia, are vibrating. The philosopher in his modern state of the building only goes into empty dreams, and the hero - ruin everything for himself.
Completing the first volume of "Dead Souls" about the trio bird. Here Gogol hangs his faith in the most likely future of Russia, he sings it to the Russian people: it’s not for nothing that the smart people are guessing here - "Yaroslavl smart man"- So pit pit, hvatsko managing the trio, what to rush.
Inquiry and task
1. Give the name "Dead Souls" again. Tell the story of creation. What did Gogol write about the idea of his work to Zhukovsky? What was it for the writer to create his own ideas in peace? Which work was completed and which published the first volume of creation? What do you know about the share of the other and third volumes?
Comment on the name of the creation. What is the paradox here? Why is the phrase “dead soul” taken more metaphorically?
Name the main themes of Gogol's poetry. How are these themes hanging over important roses, how are they at the entrances?
2. How can you fix the problem of the creator? How is she tied to Gogol's Christian luminosity?
What kind of pathos do you convey in Gogol's poetry? With what theme of tying the cob?
3. How did Gogol give "Dead Souls" a subtitle to the work? How did the writer himself interpret this genre at the prospectus "The Basic Book of Literature for the Russian Youth"? Drawings of what genres did you see in “Dead Souls” by K.S. Aksakov, V.G. Belinsky? Why does Gogol's verse suggest an adventurous and useful novel?
4. Who gave Gogol the plot of "Dead Souls"? How is the plot for the creation of explanations from Gogol's roses to the genre? Which character is the creator of the plot and why?
What principle of organization of material do you prefer in Gogol's work? What are the spaciousness of the image here we know?
What elements of the first division should lie before the exposition? How does the gallery of helpers borrow space from the work? Name the main episodes of the coming divisions, how to reveal the image of the place. How does love intrigue occupy space in the composition? Why does the poet have self-sufficiency?
What space does "Dead Souls" take Chichikov's life? What plot elements can you name?
5. Briefly describe the gallery of helpers. Behind what plan does Gogol tell about their skin problems? Yakі mistetski zasobi vykoristovuє pisnik pіd h svorennya їх images? Tell me about the skin helpers depicted by Gogol. Reveal the meaning of all galleries.
6. Do some branches of "Dead Souls" have the theme of the place? Tell me about the exposition of the image of the place in the first place. What descriptions, characteristics won't revenge?
Pererakhuyte the maximum number of officials of the city, naming them plant that nickname after the father, as the stench is indicated by the author. Give charitable characteristic officials and skin care workers. What are human passions, vices of stench?
Rearrange the main episodes that reveal the theme of the place, reveal the ideological and compositional role of the dermal part of them.
7. In some parts and in some episodes of "Dead Souls" Petersburg, Petersburg life is guessing? To whom did they share, who among the characters and in what connection did they tell “The Tale of Captain Kopeykin”? To what kind of folklore dzherel will you go? Why is there a peculiarity of rozpovidi in rozpovidi about Kopeykin? How is Petersburg being painted here? What kind of artistic trick is the author here? What is the main conflict in Povisti...? What idea does the author want to convey to the reader, including the history of Kopeykinim to the main text of "Dead Souls"?
8. What functions characterize the image of Chichikov in "Dead Souls"? What type of Russian life do you represent? Like the compositional role of Chichikov, why is the role of the role invariant? Take a look at the artistic creation of the image of the hero, point out examples of these benefits; I give special respect to the life of the hero.
9. What aspects of the life of the people are revealed at the “Dead Souls”? Tell me about Chichikov's kripaks, about episodic characters - representatives of the people. Name the villagers at the warehouse of "dead souls" sold to Chichikov by Sobakevich, briefly describe them. Name the villager Plyushkin, who fell in love with the free life. Like the episodes of "Dead Souls" to avenge the tensions on the building of the people before the rebellion?
10. Perekhuyte all author's opinions and other plot elements of Dead Souls. Take a detailed look at the speeches about the Russian word, about youth, about two writers, about pardons of people, about Russia, the parable about Kif Mokievich and Mokiya Kifovich, and also about the trio bird. What is the author of creation at these vіdstupah?
11. Put together a drafted plan-outline and prepare a dream on the topic: “Artistic accompaniment and reception in the poem “Dead Souls”” (landscape, interior, portrait, comical situations, modern characteristics of heroes, adjectives; figurative parallelism, por_vnyanya , hyperbole, irony).
12. Write a tvir on the topic: “Rіznovidi ta artistic functions Details from "Dead Souls" by N.V. Gogol.
Tvіr Mikoli Vasilyovich Gogol "Dead Souls" is one of the most beautiful works of the author. The theme of the poem, the plot of which is connected with the description of the Russian activity of the 19th century, is the greatness of the value of Russian literature. Significant won bula i for Gogol himself. It’s not for nothing that I called them “national poetry” and explained that by such a rite I tried to win the shortfalls of the Russian Empire, and then change the sight of our fatherland on the edge.
The people of the genre
The idea about those who wrote Gogol's "Dead Souls" was suggested to the author by Alexander Sergiyovich Pushkin. On the back of the head, zamislyuvavsya like a light humorous novel. Prote after the beginning of the work on the creation of "Dead Souls" genre, the text was transferred to the top of the head, it was changed.
On the right is that Gogol, having taken the plot as original as it is, and having put a deeper twist on the plot. Through the war, through the river, on the cob, work on the creation of "Dead Souls", the yogo genre became broader. The author virishiv, that this child can not be anything else, I will wash it.
Main idea
The pismennik has added its tvir into 3 parts. In the first of them, the vins of virishiv indicate all the shortfalls that were small for the suspility. In the other part of the wines, having conceived to show how the process of correcting people is seen, and in the third part - the life of the heroes, which have already changed to the best.
At 1841 p. Gogol, having completed writing the first volume of Dead Souls. The plot of the book shocked the whole country, what they read, crying out the impersonal super-chek. After the departure of the first part, the author began to work on the continuation of his work. However, Vіn so i could not finish rozpochate. Another volume was taken by you, and I was incomplete, and nine days before my death, I burned a single copy of the manuscript. For us, less than the blacks of the first five roses were saved, as if today they are vvazhayutsya by the creative work.
Unfortunately, the trilogy was left unfinished. The adzhe of the poem “Dead Souls” is sensually small mother of meaning. Її the main recognition seemed to be in the description of the soul, that the fall had passed, the purification, that resurrection. Tsey way until the ideal it was necessary to go through the main hero of the feast Chichikov.
Plot
The story, told in the first volume, sing "Dead Souls", transfer us to the nineteenth century. Vaughn tells about the dearest Russia, crushed by the leading hero Pavel Ivanovich Chichikov, for a helper about dead souls. The plot of the creation is given to read a new picture of the sound of the people of that hour.
Let's take a look at the chapters of "Dead Souls" from their plot in a little more detail. Tse to give an open statement about Yaskravy literary tvir.
Persian head. cob
Why does the Dead Soul TV show start? The topic, raised by the new one, describes the subs, which were seen in an hour, if the French were left behind from Russia.
On the cob of the warning, Pavlo Ivanovich Chichikov, having embraced the settlement of the kolezky radnik, arrived to one of the provincial towns. Under the hour of the analysis of "Dead Souls" we become aware of the image of the main character. The author shows that he is a man of the middle years, that he can have a middle status and accept the soundness. Pavlo Ivanovich is like a cicavi. Blame the situation, if you can talk about yogo stubbornness and petulance. So, a tavern servant can be swayed by the income of the ruler, and also asks for information about all the officials of the place and about the most important helpers. Tsіkavit yogo camp of that edge, in some wine arrived.
Kolezky radnik not to sit on its own. Vіn vіdvіduє all officials, knowing before them pіdkhіd і pіdbiaryuchi priemnі for the people of the word. To the very same, it’s so good to be put up to the new one, so that the trochs will surprise Chichikov, who, having recognized the impersonal negative reactions to himself, and survive the swing.
The main meta of the arrival of Pavel Ivanovich is the search for a place for a peaceful life. For this wine, when celebrating the evening in the governor's booth, get acquainted with two helpers - Manilov and Sobakevich. At the meeting with the police chief Chichikov, he had a chat with his assistant Nozdrev.
Broke another. Manilov
The continuation of the plot is connected with Chichikov's trip to Manilov. The helper of the official was on the verge of his maєtku and povіv at the booths. The road to the life of Manilov lay in the middle of the gazebos, on some kind of cherries there were signs with inscriptions that indicated those who needed to think about that recognition.
Carrying out the analysis of Dead Souls, one can easily characterize Manilov in terms of simplifications. Tse helper, who doesn’t have daily problems, but at the same time is already too boring. Manilov to talk about those that the arrival of such a guest is equal for a new one on a sunny day and the most blessed saint. Vin will ask Chichikov to have a meal. At the table there is the presence of Mr. Maetka and two blue helpers - Themistoclus and Alkid.
After a deep offense, Pavlo Ivanovich is forced to tell about the reason that brought Yogo to the local region. Chichikov want to buy the villagers, they have already died, the prote їх death has not yet known in the revizsky dovidtsi. Yogo meta - complete all the documents, nibito and the villagers are alive.
How does Manilov react? Dead souls in the New Year. The protege helper is surprised at such a speech. Ale, then it will be good to please. Chichikov is depleted of maetok and virusha up to Sobakevich. In the meantime, Manilov begins to think about those, like Pavlo Ivanovich living with him by nature and becoming such good friends after his move.
Razdіl third. Acquaintance with the Box
On the way to Sobakevich, Selifan (the coachman of Chichikov) glaringly missed the necessary turn. And then a strong plank began to sway, before that Chichikov fell at the bagnyuk. All the same, I’m afraid of the official, and I’ll spend the night, as if I knew the fault of the housekeeper Nastasia Petrivna Korobochka. The analysis of "Dead Souls" shows those who are afraid of everything and everyone. However, Chichikov did not spend a good hour chirping the hour and chanting the dead villagers to come to her. On the back of the head, the old bula was unspoken, but after that, as a foreign official ordered to buy from her all the lard and hemp (albeit an offensive time), it will be better.
Good luck has come. The box treated Chichikov with milk and pies. Pavlo Ivanovich, having drunk a drink, went far away. And the helper began to worry that she had taken few pennies for dead souls.
Razdіl quarters. Nizdrev
After seeing Korobochka, Chichikov veered onto the main road. Vіn vyrіshiv vіdvіdati tavern, scho having spent on cost, schob troch to have a bite. And here the author wants to give tsіy dії like a riddle. Vіn rob lyrical vіdstupi. In "Dead Souls" we will rozmirkovu about power appetite, powerful people, let's go up to the main character of yoga creation.
Perebuvayuchi in taverns, Chichikov zustrіchaє Nozdrova. The helper was ashamed that he had squandered the pennies for the fair. Let the stench go straight to Nozdrov’s maetok, de Pavlo Ivanovich can profit badly.
Carrying out the analysis of "Dead Souls", you can understand what Nozdryov is. Tse people, how to love the strongmen of history. Vіn rozpovіdaє їх usyudi, de would not know. After a sieve offence, Chichikov is going to bargain. You can't ask for dead souls, you can't buy them Pavlo Ivanovich. Nozdryov put his own mind, as if they were in exchange or with the buyer for an addition to something. Helper to promote victorious dead souls like a bet at the gr.
Mіzh Chichikov and Nozdrov blame the serious strife, and the stench inflicts Rozmov to the wound. On the coming day, the people went to the grill at the checkers. Prote Nozdryov tried to fool his superman, which was marked by Chichikov. Before that, it appeared that the assistant was going through the court. I Chichikov did not lose anything in his work, like a bіgti, after pumping the captain-guide.
Brozdіl p'yaty. Sobakevich
Image helpers "Dead Souls" continued by Sobakevich. Until the next day, Nozdryova comes to Chichikov. Maєtok, what a vin having seen, - to become your own master. So mіtsne. Gospodar treats the guest with an insult, rozmovlyayuchi at the hour of the meal about the mіsk officials, calling them shahrai.
Chichikov tells about his plans. The stench did not slander Sobakevich, and the people quickly went to bed to please. However, here for Chichikov, inaccuracies began. Sobakevich started haggling, talking about themselves shortening tanks already dead villagers. However, Chichikov's characteristics are not needed, and the wines influence their own. And here Sobakevich begins to attack the illegality of such a right, threatening to tell anyone about it. Chichikov had a chance to wait for the price proponated by the helper. They sign the document, but still they are afraid of one kind of one trick.
Lyrics in "Dead Souls" є th at the fifth part. The author concludes with a comment about the Russian language about the introduction of Chichikov Sobakevich. Gogol reinforces diversity, strength and richness of Russian language. Immediately, the fault points to the peculiarity of our people to give a skin rash, tied with various faults or with an excess of furnishing. The stinks do not leave their master until his death.
Razdіl shosty. Plushkin
duje cіkavim heroє Plushkin. "Dead Souls" show yoga like a person is more greedy. The helper does not let go of his old foot, which fell like a shoe and carried it in already to finish a decent cup of such a moth.
Prote Plushkin is dead souls are sold more quickly than without bargaining. Pavlo Ivanovich, for the sake of radium, is inspired by the tea made from breadcrumbs proponated by the master.
I split the somiy. pleasing
Having reached his primary goal, Chichikov is the only remaining source of nourishment for the Gromadyansky chamber. Manilov and Sobakevich arrived at the place already. Let's believe Plushkin and the decision of the sellers will be fine by the head. The favor was met, and for the health of the new helper, champagne was drunk.
Razdіl eight. Chutki. Ball
The city began to talk about Chichikov. Whoever wins, who wins a millionaire. The girls became godly and overpowered with a love message. After drinking to the ball before the governor, they literally get drunk in the arms of women. Prote yogo respect is attached to the sixteenth letter. At this hour Nozdryov comes to the ball, loudly chirping with the purchase of dead souls. Chichikov had a chance to vihati in total confusion and turmoil.
Broke nine. Vigoda chi kohannya?
At the same hour, the helper Korobochka arrived at the town. Vaughn was trying to clarify that she didn't have mercy on a group of dead souls. The novelty about the amazing purchase and sale is becoming more and more popular among residents of the city. People vvazhayut that dead souls are for Chichikov's prikritty, but really, they can bring a blonde, like you deserved it, like a donka of the governor.
Razdel ten. Versions
The place literally chewed. The news comes one after another. They have information about the confessions of the new governor, about the evidence of false papers about fake banknotes, about the robbery who is close to the police, and so on. The destruction of people negatively affects the prosecutor. Vin dies under the blow.
Broke eleven. The goal of the call
Chichikov doesn't know what to say about a new place. Vin direct to the governor, do not take proteo there. In addition, people who have stalked you on the way, sigh at the sight of an official in rіznі flanks. Everything became clear, since Nozdryov came to the hotel. The helper tries to reconcile Chichikov from Tshomu, who tries to help Yoma from the Governor's stolen daughter.
And here Gogol writes stories about his hero and about those who are now stingy Chichikov dead souls. The author of rozpovidaє chitachevі about childishness and learning at school, de Pavlo Ivanovich already showed the given їm in the nature of kmіtlivіst. Rozpovidaє Gogol and about Chichikov's sons and comrades and teachers, about his service to the robot in the commission, that he changed at the government booth, and also about the transfer to the service of the mitnitsa.
The analysis of "Dead Souls" clearly shows the inclinations of the protagonist in reality, like the vikoristav for the creation of his own please, described in the work. Adzhe in all places of work Pavlo Ivanovich managed to work chimali pennies in the way of laying down fake contracts and sums. In addition, without guiding wines and working with smuggling. To get away from the criminal punishment, Chichikov pishov at the post office. Let's change to a job, let's take a break, I'll once again put a plan at the head. When Chichikov came, he wanted to put his dead souls, as if alive, into the treasury for the sake of taking away pennies. Dali in yogo plans was the purchase of a village for the care of future offspring.
In part, Gogol is true to his hero. Vіn vvazhaє yogo lord, who, having awakened with his mind the floorings of the cicada lansy, are pleased.
Form helpers
The number of heroes of "Dead Souls" is especially clearly presented in five divisions. Moreover, the skin of them is assigned to only one helper. Іsnuє sevna zakonіrnіst і rasmіshchenni heads. Imagine the helpers of "Dead Souls" roaming in them behind the step of their degradation. Guess who was the first of them? Maniliv. "Dead Souls" describe his helper as lazy and merciful, sentimental, and practically indestructible to the life of a person. This is confirmed by a wealth of details, for example, we will be overwhelmed by the state and stand in the south as a house, we will open the winds. The author, victorious with the artistic power of the word, shows his reader the deadness of Manilov and the worthlessness of his life path. Adzhe posture zvnіshny privablivistyu perebuє spiritual empty.
What are the images of creation in the work of "Dead Souls"? Heroes-pomіshchiki in the image of the Box - tse people, yakі concentrated only on their state. It is not for nothing that, for example, the author draws an analogy between the helpers of the third division and the aristocratic wives. The box is mistrustful and stingy, zabobonna and screwed up. In addition, there is not far away, that drib'yazkova is surrounded by specialty.
Far behind the stage of degradation follow Nozdryov. Like a lot of other helpers, the wines do not change from century to century, to develop without any effort to develop internally. The image of Nozdrov is a portrait of a reveler and a praise, a p'yanitsa and a cheater. This helper is passionate and energetic, prote all yogo positive qualities are known for nothing. The image of Nozdryov is so typical, like the helpers of the past. І tse podkreslyuєtsya by the author at yogo vyslovlyuvannyah.
Describing Sobakevich, Mikola Vasilovich Gogol goes as far as fighting with the bear. Crime of ignorance, the author describes his parodic inverted heroic mitz, earthiness and rudeness.
Ale, the borderline stage of degradation is described by Gogol as the image of the richest helper of the province - Plyushkin. For her biography, this person has gone through a path from a prudent ruler to a godly sknari. It was not the social minds that brought forth yoga. Plyushkin's moral downfall provoked selfishness.
Henceforth, all the helpers at the “Dead Souls” sing-along will join such a rice, like a ledarism and inhumanity, and instill a spiritual void. To the first world, in a right way, "dead souls" of wines, you oppose faith in the non-redundant potential of the "secret" Russian people. It is not without reason that the image of the endless road is blamed on the finale of creation, which the bird-triyka rushes. And in this Russia, the inspiringness of a writer is manifested in the possibility of a spiritual transformation of people, and in the great recognition of Russia.
The main theme of the sing "Dead Souls" is the theme of today's future Russia. Mercilessly barking order, as if he had started at the edge, Gogol would be appalled by the fact that Russia will be a prosperous country, that the hour will come if Russia becomes an ideal for other countries. This perekonanіst blamed for the apparently majestic creative energy that was hidden in the hearts of the people. The image of the fatherland among the poets speaks like an isolation of the whole great, then the building Russian people. High above the mustache paintings and images, daubed in poetry, the image of Russia was greeted with the author's ardent love, dedicating his work to the native land. We sing Gogol sings quietly, who, having respected the development of the creative forces of the nation, the people, mercilessly promotes the “masters of life” - the nobles. People similar to Manilov, Sobakevich, Plyushkin, Chichikov cannot be creators of spiritual values.
Instilled in the mighty zloto of life energy, directness in the future, the marvelous image of Russia, like a trio bird, which rushes from the impassible far away. Chi is not so and ty, Russia, scho zhvava and neoganyalna troika, rush? The road is dimming under you, making up the bridges, everything is visible and abandoned behind ... fly behind everything that is not on the ground, and, squint, step aside and give it the way to other people of that power. The lyrical expressions of the author are rich in high pathos. “... Like a blissful, miracle, unknown land far away!
Russia!” One by one, Gogol throws pictures of Russian nature, which they blame before the glance of the mandriving man, which they rush along the autumn road. Nevipadkovo stagnation pomіsnyh lords, the writer opposes the strimky move of Russia forward. In some people, there is a faith in the future of the country that people. The writer's lyrical thoughts about the living character of the pracial Russian nation lie to the most penetrating sides, embracing the inextinguishable half-lights of patriotism. Gogol is miraculously wise, that the guilty mind and the creative talents of the Russian people are only able to turn to their mighty strength, if the stench is free. Hotter than ever in the great future of Russia, Gogol, however, vaguely expressing himself, as if it was his fault to come to power, glory and prosperity.
“Rus, where are you going to rush, give me a hint? Do not give advice”. The pismennik, not knowing the real ways, with which it would be possible to repair the rubbish between the camp of the oppression of the country and the її rozkvit. At your vikritti social evil Gogol objectively protested the protest of the broad-minded people against the krіposnitsky mode. Yogo bichucha satire grew up on this soil itself, which victorious volodarіv krіpаіv, bureaucratic rulers. The work on another volume sang with a deep spiritual crisis of the writer.
At this hour of life, tendencies of bourgeois development began to appear irrevocably. Gogol hated the realm of dead souls, but capitalism was lakav yogo. Gogol, like a person deeply believing, speaking out against any revolution. Such a bula yoga life installation. Just like the smіkh of Saltikov-Shchedrin directing without intermediary on the drive of the hromada pіvalin, then the smіkh of Gogol is basically creative and humanist. Mayuchi a gift of genius, N. V. Gogol, having created a prominent TV.
Sing lyrical sides, dedicated to the people, - the best of creation. Gogol endlessly love his country and its people.
Might be able to tickle you:
- Enthusiasm... P'esa " cherry orchard”occupies a special place in the work of A.P. Chekhov. Before her, the thought about the need to change the truth of wine awakening, showing the fortune-telling of people's lives ...
- The entire development of Russian literature, especially literature critical of realism, is attributed to the names of Mikoli Vasilyovich Gogol. Immensely those places, as if having appointed you to your hour VT ...
- The poem "Dead Souls" is the pinnacle of N.V. Gogol's creativity. This Russian writer truthfully portrayed the life of Russia in the 30s of the 19th century. Thought "viihati at once ...
- N. V. Gogol has always respected the theme of "Dead Souls", a robot over which he tried for about 17 years, the main creation of his life. At the sheets up to V. Zhukovsky, the vin vigukuє: “I swear, I’m growing up, ...
- In N. V. Gogol's poem "Dead Souls" it was known that "everything is good and bad, that in Russia we are seen" (N. Gogol). "Dead souls" -...
The poem "Dead Souls" was conceived by Gogol as a grandiose panorama of Russian society with a lot of peculiarities and paradoxes. The central problem of creation is spiritual death and the rebirth of representatives of the main Russian camps at that hour. The author vikrivayet ta vismіyuє vadi pomіshchikov, venalism and corruption of predilections of bureaucracy.
The very name of the creation may have a double meaning. "Dead souls" - the villagers died, and the rest are actually alive characters create. Calling them dead, Gogol reaffirms their devastation, stingy, "dead" little souls.
History of creation
"Dead souls" - a poem, like Gogol, dedicating a significant part of his life. The author repeatedly changed the concept, rewriting it and rewriting the TV. On the back of his mind, Gogol conceived "Dead Souls" as a humorous novel. Prote, as a result, he created a twirl, which overcomes the problems of Russian society and serves as a spiritual renewal. This is how the POEM “Dead Souls” appeared.
Gogol wanted to create three volumes of creation. In the first place, the author planned to describe the wadi and the laying out of the krіposnitskogo suspіlstvo at that hour. For another, give your heroes hope for the purchase of that rebirth. On the third maw namir describe the distant path of Russia and її suspіlstva.
However, Gogol managed to finish the first volume, which appeared at the press in 1842. Until his death, Mikola Vasilyovich worked on another volume. Prote, before his death, the author burned the manuscript of another volume.
The third volume of "Dead Souls" was never written. Gogol did not know how to get food that would be given in Russia. Or maybe he just didn’t get to write about it.
Description of creativity
Once, in the city of NN, a cicada character appeared, which is strongly seen on the aphids of other old-timers of the city - Pavlo Ivanovich Chichikov. After your arrival, I began to actively get acquainted with the important persons of the place, seeing the beneficiaries and insults. For tizhdzhiy already buv on "ty" z usima representatives of the mіskoї nobility. All were in the grip of a new person, yak raptov appeared in the city.
Pavlo Ivanovich is virushaya for a place to pay a visit to noble assistants: Manilov, Korobochtsi, Sobakevich, Nozdrev and Plyushkin. With a skin helper, I love you, you can know the skin before the skin helper. Natural spritnіst і kіtlivіst help Chichikov otrimati rostashuvannya skin pomіshchik. Crimea of empty roses, Chichikov roams with lords about the villagers, who died after the revision (“dead souls”) and show the hope to buy. Helpers cannot be fooled, Chichikov needs such a favor. Prote will be fine with her.
As a result of his visits, Chichikov added more and less than 400 "dead souls" and, having hastened to finish the job quickly, he had to leave the place. Corisne acquaintances, established by Chichikov after his arrival at the place, helped him to secure food with documents.
A few hours later, the helper Korobochka let slip in the city that Chichikov was stingy with "dead souls." Every place knew about Chichikov's help and marveled. How is it possible for such a shanovite pan to bathe the dead villagers? Neskіchennі shtibu and domysli zubіt navіt on the prosecutor, and in the fear of guilt die.
Poema will end with the fact that Chichikov is sleeping somewhere out of place. Occupying the place, Chichikov with the sum of his plans to buy dead souls and make them live in the treasury.
Head Heroes
Yakisno new hero in Russian literature at that time. Chichikov can be called a representative of the new, well born in the strong Russian class - entrepreneurs, "nabuvachiv". The activity and diyalness of the hero visibly inspires yoga on the aphids of other characters.
The image of Chichikov is distinguished by its naming richness, richness. It is important to learn by the appearance of the hero to understand how a person is and what he is. “At the brits, sitting pan is not red, but not nasty tones, not too thick, not too thin, it’s impossible to say that it’s old, but it’s not like that, it’s too young.”
It is difficult to understand and understand the nature of the protagonist. Vіn minlivy, rich-faced, edifice pіdlashtuvatysya pіd be a svіvrozmovnik, give a special expression. Zavdyaki zim yakosty Chichikov is easy to know spilnu mova with assistants, officials and conquering their own camp at the suspenst. To enchant and roztashovuvat up to yourself the necessary people Chichikov vikoristova to reach his goal, and to take away that accumulated pennies. Shchebatko, after Pavel Ivanovich's mother, is a mother to those who are richer and dbaily put up to pennies, more than a penny you can pave the way for life.
Chichikov earning pennies is not honest: deceiving people, taking khabari. Through the machinations of Chichikov, they are gaining more and more scope. Pavlo Ivanovich, in order to improve my life, I will become like paths, without brutal respect for any moral standards and principles.
Gogol portrays Chichikov as a man with a mean nature and respects his dead soul.
In his poem, Gogol describes the typical images of helpers at that hour: “gentlemen” (Sobakevich, Korobochka), and instill no seriousness and costly lords (Manilov, Nozdrev).
Mikola Vasilyovich masterfully created the image of Manilov's assistant in the work. Under one rank, Gogol allowed a whole class of helpers with similar rice. The main features of these people are sentimentality, post-yni fantasies and the presence of active activity. The helpers of such a warehouse let the government go on self-fueling, they don’t take care of anything dirty. The stench is bad and empty in the middle. The very same buv Manilov - the soul has no filth, but a mediocre and stupid poser.
Nastasya Petrivna Korobochka
Pomіshchitsya, prote, signifi- cantly resonates with the nature of Manilov. The box is a good and neat lady, everything is in order with her. For the life of the helper, turn around all the way around the її state. The box doesn't develop spiritually, it doesn't sound like anything. There is absolutely nothing to hold back on that which does not suffice for the state. The box is also one of the images, like Gogol maw on the uvaziy tsiliy class of similar encirclements of helpers, like not bacheling anything far for his dominion.
The author unequivocally categorizes Nozdrov's helper as non-serious and costly money. At the sight of the sentimental Manilov, at Nozdryov's energy is seen. However, the helper releases all his energy not for the benefit of the state, but for the sake of his mittevs. Nizdrev graє, for nothing stained pennies. Respond to your lightness and let it go to life.
Mikhailo Semenovich Sobakevich
The image of Sobakevich, the creations of Gogol, is distorted from the image of a bear. The appearance of the great wild beast is in the presence of a helper: sluggishness, steadiness, strength. Sobakevich's turmoil is not the aesthetic beauty of speeches, which will make you feel yogo, but its arrogance and dovovichnost. Behind the roughness and suvorim character, there is a cunning, sensible and spritna person. On the author’s thought, sing, such helpers, like Sobakevich, do not care to adapt to the possible changes and reforms in Russia.
The simplest representative of the class of helpers at Gogol's Poem. The old one rejoices with his supra-lingual scripture. Moreover, Plyushkin is greedy like a hundred percent to his villagers, and a hundred percent to himself. Prote such an economy to rob Plyushkin in a right way by a poor person. Aje sama yoga knowledge does not allow you to know yourself.
bureaucracy
Gogol's work has a description of many Russian officials. Prote the author in his work is not differentiating between himself. Mustache officials in "Dead Souls" - playing villains, passers-by and treasurers. Qi people, in a fair way, talk less about their wealth. Gogol literally describes in a few pictures the image of a typical official of that hour, heaping on him with unacceptable malice.
Analysis of creativity
The plot of "Dead Souls" is based on an adventure, conceived by Pavel Ivanovich Chichikov. At first glance, Chichikov's plan seems to be unimaginable. However, as it rose, the Russian intelligence of quiet hours from її rules and laws gave opportunities for all the machinations that were caused by kripaks.
On the right, in the year 1718, a capitation census of peasants was introduced in the Russian Empire. For the skin krіpak of a peasant, a man of state is guilty of paying a tribute. Prote, the census was carried out rarely - once every 12-15 years. And even though some of the villagers died, the helper of the disturbances all the same weep for the new tribute. They died or the villagers flowed in and became a tractor for the pan. This created a friendly soil for various machinations. It was Chichikov himself who was inspired to carry out such a scam.
Mikola Vasilovich Gogol miraculously knowing, with such a rank Russian society s її krіposnitskoy system. And the whole tragedy of yoga lies in the fact that Chichikov's scam absolutely did not supersede the decorous Russian legislation. Gogol exclaims the creations of a hundred people with a person, as well as a person with a power, to talk about the absurd laws that were in force at that hour. Through such creations, one can become possible, like a super-healthy head.
"Dead souls" - classic TV, Yes, no, no, it is written in the style of Gogol. To finish often Mikola Vasilovich as the basis of his creation, having laid a joke like a comical situation. And the more ridiculous and unimaginable situation, the more tragic it seems to be the real state of speeches.
Gogol. "Dead Souls" Yak is the main problem of creation. Yaka is the main theme of creation. І yakі buli stosunki і having taken away the best vіdpovіd
Vidpovid vіd GALINA[guru]
Behind the words of Gogol, the essence of the first volume of "Dead Souls"
believe in showing shortfalls,
vices and weaknesses of the Russian people:
"... At the book ... a person is depicted, taken from our well
powers ... More wines were taken in order to show
nedolіki that vadi Russian people, not її
goodness and honesty, and all people, like
otochyuyu yogo, taken also in order to show
our weaknesses and shortcomings; the best people
other parts will have characters ... "
(N. V. Gogol, "Before the Reader Sees the Author",
moving on to another view of the first volume "Dead Souls")
The main problem is eat - tse spiritual death is that
spiritually revitalized people.
Author doslіdzhuє cause of moral degradation
assistants, officials, Chichikov, showing hate
traces of the process.
One hour Gogol, a writer from the Christian light-gazer,
do not waste hope on the spiritual awakening of their heroes.
About spiritual resurrection of Chichikov and Plushkin Gogol
choosing to write in another and third volumes of his
create, the protection of the idea was not judged
it was going to happen.
Dzherelo: details
Vidpovid vіd Volodymyr Pobil[guru]
at Chichikov's with assistants - did I understand you correctly?
Vidpovid vіd Ira Kuzmenko[active]
The topic is the problem. Vidpovidno to the main idea of creation - show the way to reach the spiritual ideal, on the basis of which a writer can think of the possibility of transforming as a sovereign system of Russia, її suspіlny organizm, so і all social versions and skin okremoї people - they are put on the basis of those problems. Dead souls". Being an opponent of any political and social upheavals, especially revolutionary ones, a Christian writer respects that negative things that characterize the camp of modern Russia can Moreover, in Gogol’s opinion, such changes, may be not external, but internal, so there are those that all the powers that be and social structures, and especially those kerіvniki, in their activity may orientate themselves on the postulates of moral laws. spokonvіchno rosіysk famously - filthy roads - you can podolat, on Gogol's thought, not to mention, to remember the bosses, or to help legitimize the control over their vicons. guilty not before any official, but before God. so, how to punish the greater - heavenly - law.
The axis of why the themes and problems of Gogol's poetry were so wide and all-season. In the first volume, the emphasis is on all the negative phenomena in the life of the country, which must be corrected. Ale smut evil for a writer is not in social problems as such, and in that reason, through the stink of the stench they blame: the spiritually wounded of the present-day people. For this very reason, the problem of the mortification of the soul remains in the 1st volume of the central sing. For the most part, they are grouped by all other topics and problems. "Be not dead, but live souls!" - The writer calls out, demonstrating in a convoluted way, in a way I will eat the one who has spent my living soul. But what about toiling on the street under the marvelous oxymoron - “dead soul”, why did you give the name to the mustache creation? Obviously, not only a bureaucratic term, which was victorious in Russia XIX centurion. Often " dead soul”name the person that she uploaded in the turbot about the hustle and bustle. The gallery of assistants and officials, shown in the 1st volume of the poem, reveals such “dead souls” to the reader, shards of all of them characterize lack of spirituality, hisstical interests, empty money spending or stinginess that rots the soul. At a glance, "dead souls", we will show in the 1st volume, we can only resist " the soul is alive» to the people who post in copyright lyrical steps. Ale, obviously, the oxymoron "dead soul" to gloom over a Christian writer and a religious-philosophical sensi. The very word "soul" indicates the immortality of the particularity of the Christian mind. From what I can see, the symbolism of the designation of the “dead soul” avenges the designation of the dead (sour, overtaken, soulless) on the ear of the living (spiritualized, high, light). The originality of Gogol's position is in someone who does not just put two on the cob, but to witness about the possibility of awakening the living in the dead. So, for this reason, the theme of the resurrection of the soul enters, with those the path to the resurrection. Apparently, Gogol allowed to show the way of the rebirth of two heroes from the 1st volume - Chichikov and Plyushkin. The author thinks about those “dead souls” of Russian action that were born, transforming into true “living” souls.
Ale, in the current yoma of the world, the mortified soul stumbled across literally everyone and appeared on various sides of life.
