Golovna > Canopies > View of the "Notes of Myslivtsya" at the Radyansk Union. The history of the creation of the "Notes of the Mind"

View of the "Notes of Myslivtsya" at the Radyansk Union. The history of the creation of the "Notes of the Mind"

In 1845, a literary and artistic collection was published in 1845, edited by M. A. Nekrasov, with an unnamed name: “Physiology of St.

This selection was a famous phenomenon in the history of our literature: vin meaning a decisive turn in the stilted, rhetorical romanticism, which, trying to win oneself from the literature of the pan-in-the-world, in the 30th century, strengthened the position of the ideological, critical realism.

Even the very name of the collection “Physiology of Petersburg” spoke about those who were put before the literature as a task, close to scientific achievement: a possible, more accurate, realistic description of the suspіlnogo pobutu.

Before the collection, like a rose, it was explained by yoga manager, bula nibi manifesto of the new directly. The author of the editorial talking about those who draw, who enter the warehouse of the collection, may be given as truthful as possible, and more specifically, the image will be explored and the characteristics of the various versions of the Petersburg society, about those that in these drawings will not be given simply in the creation of action, but rather an explanation assessment. The scribe, as it was said in the editorial, is guilty of revealing, “that we are not only to judge, but to judge” - in other words, as a key method in literature, critical realism has been voiced.
The collection began with a brilliant drawing of Belinsky "Petersburg and Moscow", after which they went on to draw, which paint the life of the Petersburg crowd: "Petersburg doorkeeper" by Lugansky, "Petersburg organ-grinder" by Grigorovich, "Peterburg side" by Grebinka, "Peterburzka" Across the river, in 1846, Nekrasov’s vision of the “Petersburg Collection”, close for its tasks to the “Physiology of Petersburg”. Although the main place in the new one was already occupied not by drawing, but by explanation of that verse, but the direct directiveness and creative method were lost to you yourself: the goal is critical realism, enlightened by deep interest to nourish a supple life.
Turgenev, after posting at the “Petersburg collection” the TV channel “Helper”, appointing Belinsky as a “physiological drawing of the landlord's pobut”. So Turgenev uveyshov in those stretching Russian literature of the 40s, as it won the name of the "natural school".
From the “Helper”, written in the verse form, Turgenev quickly move on to artistic prose, to the description-drawings from the peasant’s butu, respecting that this genre is a bigger world in vіdpovidaє yogo new creative tasks. Tsebuli "Notes of a Mislivtsya".

The first publication from the "Notes of the Thought" - "Chorus and Kalinich" - was instructed by the journal "Suchasnik" in 1847. Then, in five years, 20 more notices appeared at that journal. In 1852, the “Notes of a Mislivtsya” roci appeared to be okremy seers; to tsikh zborіv, krim naruvanyh earlier 21 opovіdannya, one more was added - "Two assistants".
In the 1970s, the Turgenevs slandered the magazines with three new publications: “Kіnets Chertopkhanova”, “Knocking” and “Live Powers”. The stench was turned on at the 1880 “Notes of Myslivtsya” edition, and from quiet fir to enter all the offensive ones, which are now being added up from 25 warnings.
How can we explain Turgenev's turn from vіrshіv ta sing, like vin pisav stretching 12 rokіv, to rozpovіdey іz national life?

The pre-revolutionary successors of Turgenev’s creativity, skillfully explaining the history of Russian literature with a vague infusion, tried to know the turns of the new themes and new genres of Turgenev in the literary Russian lands. So, Professor Sumtsov, speaking about the infusion of J. Sand, and Professor A. S. Gruzinsky, stverzhuvav, that Turgenev in the greater world followed Auerbach, who saw the first books of his ".

Other scholars attributed the main role to Turgenev's transition to the image of people's life to Gogol's and especially Belinsky's influx.

There are no super girls, scho " Dead souls» Gogol, who stoked the light of 1842 rock, were a vision for Turgenev and blew it on him, raising his interest to artistic prose to critical realism. Tim is no less, no doubt, that the great blow to Turgenev having celebrated Belinsky.
Turgenev in his student years was a respected reader of Belinsky’s literary and critical articles, in 1843 he made special acquaintance with him, and then, stretching out a number of years, until Belinsky’s death, having friendly relations with him.

On the other side, and Belinsky, standing up to Turgenev kindly. Tse buv is just for him, but a strict teacher, directly and sharply pointed out everything that seemed to you false and artistically weak in the verses and poems of Turgenev and hotly supported his literary success, everything that could lead Turgenev to the real way of the poet. Belinsky Vitav Yogo moved to artistic prose, to the "Notes of the Thought".

Prote the main reason for this transition cannot be found in Belinsky's infusion, as it was not significant. Belinsky only helped Turgenev to comprehend, bring into the system those creative jokes, which had been in power earlier and earlier, but with special force appeared close to the year 1846, if the wines came to a complete rose in all of their literary literature. The main reason for Turgenev’s transition to a new subject, to a new genre was that she herself, as if spurring Grigorovich in 1846, to write “The Village”, and in 1847 to write “Antona-Bidolahu”, that herself , with a splash like Dal (Cossack of Luhansk) having sprung from the world in 1846 roci povesti that spobutu from the people, from Nekrasov in 1845-1846 he wrote the verse “At the road” and “Batkivshchyna”. That was the very reason, through the yak and V. G. Belinsky in the circles, with the greatest boldness, calling out to look at the literature as a sign of a suspense struggle.

The main reason for all these manifestations was a huge rush, which, having swarmed in the 40th century of the 19th century, a wide stake of the leading (importantly noble at that hour) intelligentsia, was rooted in that deep dissatisfaction, as if with a skin rock, it grew in the closed villagers.

At the hour of the creation of the "Notes of Myslivtsya", the camp for the people, the struggle for the liquidation of krіposnitsa slavery stood at the center of the respect of the leading hromada literary dyachivs. For Lenin’s appointments, “if our educators wrote in the 40s to the 60s, all the supple nutrition was brought up to fight with wealth and yoga surpluses.” Massive rural disturbances in the 40s swarmed a lot of regions of the country. The number of village "riots" rіk y rіk increased. The first helper of Russia, Mykola I, slandered with a revolutionary movement in France, Nimechchina, the Ugrian region and Austria, strangling the opir of the people's masses with cruel terror. Tsaryuvannya Mykoli Palkin, as if calling the crowned despot L. N. Tolstoy, in one of his confessions, was, in the words of Herzen, "the era of imli, I will rozpach that swaville." The suffocating, impassioned atmosphere made Turgenev deprive him on the cob of 1847 of fate for a certain hour of the Fatherland and viihati for the cordon. “I didn’t have a chance to go wild with one repetition,” writing in the “Literary and Life Spogads” with the idea of “Notes of the Thought”, - I’ll get out of order with them, which I hate; for that, in me, maybe, there was no needful visor, firmness of character. It was necessary for me to drink in the sight of my enemy after him, so that from my very own they gave a stronger attack on the new one. In my eyes, the enemy is a mav song image, mav is in the house of im'ya: the enemy is strong right. Pіd tsim іm'yam I zіbrav і zоredіv moustache, against which I dared to fight to the end - for which I vowed never to reconcile ... This was my Anіbalіvska oath; And I am not the only one who gave її my own.

Turgenev having left his oath: in the minds of the policemen, he re-examined and censored the terror of wines, having created the “Notes of the Mind” - a deeply truthful picture of the kripakiv of Russia. The great TV of Turgenev vindicated in the atmosphere of the struggle against reaction and corruption. Zvіdsi - that pathos of volition and humanity, as a kind of ovіyanі, they were the image of their admonition. “Everything that is not thoughtful and intelligent in the Russian life,” Saltikov-Shchedrin wrote about the epoch, “has a good understanding that wherever you turn around, look, stink with the problem of a person.”

The theme of villagery, as the most important and most important in the political situation of the pre-reform period, is becoming one of the main topics artistic literature. Krym Turgenev, the life of a formidable peasantry, dedicated their works to richly progressive 40s, including Herzen (“Forty-villain”) and Grigorovich (“Village”, “Anton-Bidolakha”). Nabolіly, which foresees a negative vision about the camp of the villagers of Turgenev, visvitlyuvav from democratic and humanistic positions. Tse shouted evil razdratuvannya at the greater ranks of the ranks. The Minister of enlightenment at the exit of a well-known witness confession of Turgenev by investigating a special investigation of the degree of censorship. At the orders of Mikoli I, the censor, having allowed the sight, was put out of the plant. Nezabar, having won as a result of an indictment of articles about Gogol, Turgenev was arrested and then sent to the village of Spaske-Lugovinove, Oryol province. Pauline Viardo wrote about these wines: “I, by high order, was imprisoned at the police part through those who had instructed a row about Gogol in one Moscow newspaper. The whole thing has become a drive - the article itself is insignificant by itself. But for a long time I have been surprised obliquely and have become attached to the first bad luck ... They wanted to drown out everything that was said about the drive of Gogol's death - and, before the speech, they healed the bad luck and my literary activity. About those who caused the arrest of that Turgenev’s banishment, the “Notes of the Mind” boules wrote on the other side of the page: “At 1852 p. for violating the article about Gogol (essentially for the “Notes of a Thought”) on residing up to the village, de having lived for two years.”

Before the creation of his disgraced book Turgenev, there was no more commitment to becoming a right call. Vіn pisav vіrshi, sing, poіsti, dram, but at the same time dreaming about the vchenu kar'єru and buv deletion of literary occupations under the infusion of almost dissatisfaction with one's writing activity. In the "Notes of Myslivtsya" Turgenev's gift was taken from a new side, with all its privability that strength. Turgenev himself learned the meaning of the "Notes of the Thought". Vin, writing to one of his friends: “I am radiant, what did I see; I’m sure I won’t be deprived of my contribution, contributed to the treasury of Russian literature” .

« Myslivtsya's notes"- A collection of reports by Ivan Sergiyovich Turgenev, who were friends in 1847-1851 with the journal "Suchasnik" and published in 1852 by clerks. Three explanations written and received by the author before the collection are significantly later.

Doslednikov have no single idea about the genre affiliation of the works included in the book: they are called drawings and descriptions.

“Notes of a Thought” – the whole cycle of I.S. Turgenev about the village life, released by the selection in 1852. Turgenev, in his zooms, show the beauty of the soul of a simple peasant peasant, and this became the main argument of the writer against the inconsistencies of the krіpatstva. Turgeniev, writing the truth about the village life, without embellishing it, and sim vin opened a new world for the readers - the light of the Christian. In the "Notes of Myslivtsya" they knew their own vision and hardship of the Russian people, that glorification of yoga talent and life of love.

History of creation and publications

Summer and part of autumn 1846 in Turgenev province near Spassky-Lutovinov. Mayzhe's scribe did not stick to the pen, but then poked richly; yogo post_yynym companion buv єger Chorny povіtu Afanasіy Alіfanov. Were in the middle of the road to St. Petersburg, the writer recognized that changes were made in the “Suchasnik”: a journal of arrivals by Nekrasov and Ivan Panaev. The new editors asked Turgenev to "remind him of summish in the 1st issue".

Rozpovid "Khor i Kalinich", spellings for the first issue, appeared in the current issue of "Suchasnik" (1847). The subtitle "From the Notes of Myslivtsya", which gave the name to the whole cycle, was the proponing of Panaevim. On the back of Turgenev, the perspective of the future creation was not too eloquently vivid: “crystallization of the idea” went step by step:

“Caution, blamed by the writer for an hour of rebuking near the village, they were so clear that the material was then spun out of a rocky work, the result of which was a book, new era in Russian literature. »

Vletka 1847 Turgenev and Belinsky went to Salzbrunn. There, the work on the "Notes of the Mind" was continued. If Turgenev having read to his friends the poem “Burmistr”, Belinsky, for the sake of the present in Annenkov’s house, reacting for one episode with an emotional phrase: “What a scoundrel with subtle tastes!” Tsya rozpovid became one, under which the author showed the place that hour of writing: “Salzbrunn, near Silesia, lime tree, 1847”.

In 1852, the "Notes of a Mislivtsya" paper turned out to be a perfect book. An official of the censorship department, having resolutely read the galley proofs prepared to the other with texts placed on the sides of the “Suchasnik”, having written on the visnovka that “there was a confirmation of the cross of one and the same”, after which he gave permission for the release of the collection. Pіznіshe the censor was taken from the plant.

The book was published by the illustrator “Chorus and Kalinich”, which the author tells about two peasants, who were seen by the Zhizdrinsk county of the Oryol province. One of them - Horus - later settled with his family far away in the forest, traded in trade, properly paid the pan dues and became famous as an “administrative head” and a “rationalist”. Idealist Kalinich, now, soaring in the dark, afraid to call his squad, reverent before the pan, the character is maw lagniy; at once, the vіn instantly speak blood, relieving fears, mav power over the bjols. Newly known more zatsіkavili opovіdach; vin iz satisfied hearing rozmov such dissimilar one to one people.

The pan, allowing the bezladnoy myslivtsyu (“Yermolai and the miller's woman”) to live de vgodno for the mind, that that shomіsyatsa brings two pairs of teterukіv and chickens to the kitchen. Opovіdachevi happened to spend the night at the same time from Yermolaєm at the miller's house. At yoga squad Arina Petrivna it was possible to guess the yard woman; it was clear that she had lived in Petersburg for a long time, served as a resting place in a rich booth and was at the lady's in a good rahunka. If Arina asked the masters for permission to marry the footman Petrushka, the lady ordered her to cut the girl’s hair and straighten her to the village. Mistsevy miroshnik, having bought the beauty, taking її for the squad.

Zustrich iz likarem (“Povitovy likar”) allowed the author to write down the history of hopeless kokhanny. Arriving once for a viklik at the houses of a poor housekeeper, the doctor, having treated the girl, seemed to be in a likhomantsi. Try to heal the ailment on the success did not win; Having spent all the rest of the days with Oleksandra Andriivna, the doctor and through the rocks could not forget that supreme powerlessness, like a blame, if you can’t take someone else’s life in the hands of someone else.

Helper Radilov (“My Susid Radiliv”), having dealt with the people’s enmity, the whole soul of one “went for that hour in the middle.” With a stretch of three rokiv wines, we are happy with the slave. If the squad died in the fall, Yogo's heart "nibi skam'yanilo". Now he is alive from his mother, Olga, the sister of the deceased squad. Olga's glance, if the assistant was sharing his thoughts with the sage, seemed wondrous: on the maiden's face it was written spontaneously, and jealously. For a day of reporting, I recognized that Radilov at once from his sister-in-law went straight to an unknown person.

The share of Oryol's helper on the nickname Lezhen ("Odnopalats Ovsyanikov") made a sharp turn for the hour Vytchiznyanoi war. Together with the Napoleonic army, they took the wines to Russia, and on the way back, having drunk the Smolensk peasants to the hands, they seemed to drown the "French" in the ops. Lezhenya vryatuvav vryatuvav helper, scho prozhdzhav poz: vіn yakraz shukav for his daughters teacher of music and French mov. Having rested and resurrected, having moved to the next pan; in yoga budinka vin died into a young vikhovanka, made friends, entered the service and wiishov of the nobles.

The children, who guarded the herd at night (“Bizhin Meadow”), told stories about Budinkov, who is found in the factory, until the night; about the slobіdskogo teslyar Gavrilo, who became gloomy after the mermaid with the mermaid; about the divine Akulina, “zipsovanu water.” One of the steps, Pavlo, having turned for water, and after turning around, he said that he felt the voice of Vasya - the boy, who drowned at the river. The children sang, what a filthy prikmet. Nezabar Pavlo perished, falling from his horse.

The rich nobleman (“Petro Petrovich Karataev”) was honored with the krіpack Matryona, as the wealthy assistant Mary Illivnіy lay. Trying to buy a pretty sleeper did not lead to anything: the old lady, on the contrary, made the “servant” to the steppe village. Vіdshukavshi іvchina, Karataєv vlastuvav for her flow. Kіlka mіsyatsіv kokhani were happy. The idylium ended after the fact that the helper recognized that she was going to sleep. Send scargs to the reference book, Petro Petrovich began to get nervous. One day Matrena, realizing that there would be no more peaceful life, violated to the pan and "saw it for herself."

Draw heroes

In the opinion of the doslidniks, the villagers of Khor and Kalinich bear "the most typical features of the Russian national character." The prototype of Khorya was krіpak, which exalted mіtstyu, penetrability and “invisible hospitality”. Vіn knowing the letter, and if Turgenev nadіslav yoma rozpovid, "the old yogo with pride rereading". About the villagers guessing and Athanasius Fet; in 1862, roci pid hour tertya polyuvannya vіn zupinivsya in Khorya's hutch and spent the night there:

Zatsіkavleniya master's drawing of the poet, with great respect, I was surprised at the specialness and homeliness of my master. I cry now for the years, ale yogo colossal figure and the Herculean folding of the summer. »

Yakshcho Khor - "a person is positive, practical", then Kalinich is close to romantics, "people are suffocated and dreamy." Tse manifests itself in yogo's dbaylivomu to the nature of that sincere songs; if Kalinich is sleeping, make a pragmatist.

Petro Petrovich Sokolov. Illustration of the 1890s before publication "Petro Petrovich Karataev".

Arina, the heroine of the story "Yermolai and the Miller's Woman", does not try to cry out pity from the guests, as they sat in the evening at her booth. Prote opovidach razumіє, scho th assistant, yak did not allow the maiden to get married for Petrusha, and the “shameful miroshnik”, like having bought її, became for the woman the cause of severe worries.

For Matryona, the strong girl, the maid of the flock's helper seriously("Petro Petrovich Karataev"). Loving and mischievous Karataeva, she stumbled on a leak in the pan, and then turned to her. At the same time, Matryona, who would help Pyotr Petrovich to save Pyotr Petrovich in the face of the delays of the court’s retrials by the court’s gift, the last ones to perform “the feat of self-confidence and lack of rudeness”.

In the drawing "Bezhin Meadow" folk poetic riddles about Budinkovs, mermaids, and foxes were recorded; the author does not take credit for the giftedness of rural children, in ancient stories they feel like grown-up legends and fairy tales are harmoniously intertwined with the enemies of nature. The same strong spiritual rejoinder called out the voice of Yakov (“Spivaki”) at the apologist: a new one had “and passion, and youth, and strength, and seemed to be cicato-bezpechna, voluminous sorrow.”

Analysis of the cycle of advice "Notes of the Mislivtsya"

Here is presented a complete picture of Russia, visvitlen by the author's loving, poetic aims to the native land, thoughts about the present day of the talented people. Here there are no scenes of katuvan, but the vivid pictures of the serpentine life speak of the anti-human daily life of the entire suspial arrangement. In this work, the author does not propagate to us the bright plot moves with active action, but attaches great respect to the portrait characteristics, manners, sounds and likenesses of heroes. Even if the plot is wild, it is still present. Opovіdach zdіysnyuє voyage to Russia, but yogo geography is rather narrow - tse Oryol region. Vіn grows in price with different types of people; Turgeniev, having pressed the great significance of the roztashuvannya of the confession at the book. So it’s not just a collection of thematically similar confessions, but one artistic TV, the middle of such a pattern of figurative interrelationship drawings. " Myslivtsya's notes » two thematic «phrases» are used, the skin of which includes three explanations. Variations on the theme of the folk character - "Chorus and Kalinich", "Yermolai and the miller's woman", "Raspberry water" were given to the back. At the next three confessions, the theme of the nobility is developing, which is collapsing - "Povitovy likar", "My susid Radimov", "Odnopalats Ovsyanikov". Coming words: "Lgov", "Bizhin meadow", "Kasyan z Garnoyu Sword" - I re-develop the theme to the people, but in them the motives of the harsh influx of violent right to the souls of people, which are being laid out, especially tse vіdchuvaetsya in the drawing "Lgov". In the descriptions of "Burmistr", "Office" and "Biryuk" the theme of the nobility was continued, prote in a sharply updated version. In "Burmistra", for example, representations of the type of assistant of a new formation, the image of a gentleman's servant is immediately given. The “Kontori” has given a curiosity of cases of transferring the old nobility of the nobility of the state to the new forms of the community, and establishing new types of clerical servants from the villagers. The drawing "Biruk" describes a marvelous, mysterious person who distinguishes herself with the mighty elemental forces, as if still unmistakably wandering in the soul of the Russian people. At the next eight explanations, thematic phrases will be combined, and there will be a specific thematic diffusion. For example, for the cycle, an elegiac note of two descriptions about the nobleman Chertopkhanov is replaced by a folk theme in the drawings “Live Power” and “Knocking”. In the Notes of Myslivtsya, provincial Russia is growing, but the dead pressure of quiet life spheres is felt, like they are weighing on the Russian province and dictating its mind and laws. The first cycle to be announced is called “Chorus and Kalinich”. The author-advising to get acquainted with the helper Polutikin, a biased philanderer, who asks for it in his own time, de know about his villagers, who are highly valued. The first character is the Choir, the image of which is laid down as a singing type, to make people expand. Good luck knowing the practical side of the right, in yoga and robots you can see a healthy mind. Vin is resting at the camp of the krіpak, if he wants to be able to buy in the sight of his master. Yogo buddy Kalinich is all over the place. The new one had a squad, but at the same time one sagged. Poluvannya has become a sense of yoga life, giving the opportunity to contact with nature. Heroes marvel at life in a different way, perceive different situations, inspire manners of their absolutely different. The author does not idealize the villagers. Turgenev, having succumbed to the folk types of people with a healthy mind, the tragedy of those who stinks can realize their talents and abilities. The choir is richly bachiv, knowing and having a good understanding of the psychology of human stature. "Tlumachayuschie with Khorem, I first felt the simple sense of promo of a Russian peasant." Ale read Choir not vmiv, but Kalinich - mind, ale vin buv consolation of a healthy mind. Qi protilezhnosti in real life do not supersede one to one, but complement and know spilnu mova. Here the author has acted as a mature master of the people's opisaniya, here he has shown his own krіposnitsky pathos of the book, which portrayed the strong, masculine, and bright folk characters іsnuvannya yakikh turned krіpatstvo to slander and humiliation of Russia, on a suspіlne yavshee, nezmіsne z national hіstyu rosіyskoї ї people. In the drawing "Khor i Kalinich" the character of Polutikin's helper is thrown with little more than light strokes, he briefly mentions his passion for French cuisine, and also thinks about the pan's office. Alezovsіm is not vipadkovoy tsya elements. In the picture "Office" there are similar French likenesses in the image of the assistant Nightmaker, and the ruins of the elements are shown in the description "Burmist". The ruinous economic traces of the so-called civilized activities of the upper classes are zhorstok vikrivivayutsya. This manner of the lord establishes the foundations of the work of the peasant on earth. In the drawing “Two Helpers”, for example, it is told about the government’s activity of one important Petersburg dignitary, who virishiv sowed his fields with poppy seeds, “shards of wine cost dearer for life, shine on him”. From the activity of this dignitary, the Lord of the land is being re-arranged by the helper of Panteliya Yeremiyovich Chertopkhanov, who has begun to rozbudovuvat the village huts for the new plan. In addition, having punished all of their children, number them and sew a number on the commissary on the skin. In similar atrocities of the provincial helper, one can see other things of the all-Russian, sovereign scale. Here the author draws on the activity of Arakcheev, the organizer of rural settlements. Step by step, the book develops an artistic thought about the stupidity of the age-old kriposnitsky way of life. For example, in the description of Odnopalats Ovsyanikov, the story of the transformation of the illiterate French drummer Lejeune into a music teacher, tutor, and also into a Russian nobleman is given. The "Notes of Myslivtsya" have explanations, which tend to be satire, and they sound like an anti-krіposnitska theme. For example, in the reports of "Lgov" there is a story about a villager on a par with the Bitch, who for his life served as a coachman, a fisherman, a cook, an actor in a home theater, a barmaid Anton, wanting to help his name Kuzma. Mayuchi kіlka іmen і prіzvіsk, osobіstіst vyyavilas іnіstuї zneoslenoe. Different shares, one by one and peregukuyuchis with others, take part in the creation of a monumental image of a heavy yoke, as if fatally pouring into the life of the nation. Whose image is complemented by that powerful nature. Through the whole book, with a red thread, pass an inanimate edge. First of all, the wine is shown in the drawing “Chorus and Kalinich”, it tells about the village of Oryol, the order is roztashovane from ardor. According to "Spivaki", the village of Kolotivka is roiled by a terrible yar right in the middle of the street. In the drawing “Bijin Meadow” of misguidance, the misguided one feels “terrible,” after drinking in the hollow, I go to the cauldron with gently sloping kelikhs. The image of a terrible, cursed by people mіstsya repeatedly appears in the story. Landscapes of a similar kind are concentrated in their centuries-old national life and negativity, connected with the Russian fortress. Danes tvіr concessions of patriarchal goodness, so that the all-Russian social conflict bumps into the new one, and also the two national images of the world collide and clash one with one, the two Russias - official, dead life, and folk-peasant, alive and poetic. In addition, all heroes weigh up to two different poles - the dead and the living. In the creation of a whole image of living Russia, nature plays an active role. Best Heroes whose creation is not easy to depict and the anatomy of nature, but to act as a continuation. In such a rite, a poetic understanding of the mutual connection of all living things is reached at the book: people, rivers, fox, steppe. The soul of unity is the specialness of the author, angry from the lives of the people, from the deep layers of Russian culture. Nature here is not baiduzhoy to the people, navpaki, it’s even more strict in its hundreds of years with it, to the one who won’t take revenge on you for something unceremoniously and rationally invading at її taєmnitsі, as well as for the overworld courage and self-singingness from it. The peculiarity of the national character is revealed in the description of "Death", where the tragic stories about the death of the contractor Maxim, the peasant, the miller Vasil, the retailer-intellectual Avenir Sokoloumov, and the grandmother-helper are replayed. And all of history is united by one savage motive: before death, heart strings appear in the Russian people. All Russian people “die in marvelously”, shards in the time of the last taste of the stench think not about themselves, but about other, close people. For whom the Poles have zherelo їhnої masculinity and spiritual vibrancy. How rich is the writer in the Russian life, and how rich is the visionary. However, there is only one quality in it, as the author should be put high, - democratism, friendliness, a lively talent for understanding, which was not blamed on the people's middle, but rather, on the contrary, the viki krіposnitskogo right, suvori testing of Russian history. There is one more leitmotif in the Notes of the Thought - the musical talent of the Russian people, which is higher than the statements of the Choir and Kalinich. Kalinich sings, and the dilovity Chorus sings to you. Songs for a wild mood to inspire such a common nature. Song on the cob, as if bringing people closer to the joys and vicissitudes of life. In the drawing "Raspberry Water" the characters dream of sleepy rice: all the stench is bad. And for example, I will draw on the other birch an unknown spivak, dragging out a gloomy song, as if bringing people together, more through the okremі dolі veda to the zagalnorosіyskoї ї dolі and rіdnit tsim heroes among themselves. In the description of "Kasian with a Beautiful Sword" in the midst of watering a little mournful sing, like a call to the road, get out of the earth, de panuet falsehood and evil, to the extreme, where all people live in prosperity and justice. In the same country, the cry of the heroes of the song of Jacob from the propaganda of "Spivtsi". Here it is poeticized as the spіv of Jacob, and that spiritual link, like a song, is installed in the spirit of the people behind the camp and the journey of the characters. Yakіv svіv, but at the same time the souls of people sang from him, so that they could feel yoga. I live the whole Pritinny squash. Ale Turgenev is a realist writer, show him how such a blow changes into mental depression. Dali next drunken evening, de Yakiv and the whole world at the tavern become familiar. In the collection there is an explanation, we are especially lyrical. For example, "Bizhin Meadow" for its subtlety is sharply considered among the other novels of this cycle. The author of rich respect attaches the elements of nature. Mandrivnik closer to the evening strayed from the road and virіshiv turn yourself to nothing. To go out on a bagattya, to burn the white of the river, to sit like a village dіtlahi, to graze horses. Myslivets becomes a witness of their roaming. The vines of the capture of these folk tales, from which vines I learned from my own. Tsіkava rozpovid Kosti about Gavril, the slobіdskogo teslyar, who stumbled upon the mermaid. Vin pishov nazustrіch їy, but the inner strength rang yogo, vіn laying a cross, after which she stopped laughing and cried, saying: “Kill you until the end of days.” Here the satanic power is overcome by hellish banners, but it’s out of the building to lead into a people of confusion. “Notes of a Thought” will end with a drawing “Forest and Step”. There are no heroes here, but a subtle lyrical description of the natural elements, beautify nature and the buttya of people. Do not emboss, do not respect, but mutually complement one and the same. І lis, і step yelling zakhoplennya at the mandrivnik, the stench befits you. The human being is also guilty of harmonically fitting into nature. Naris has a life-like optimistic mood, the stones are important for a healthy foundation of people. In this manner, the central conflict of the book is foldable and deep. Without a doubt, the social antagonisms here are smoldered to finish gostro. Insanely, the tyagar of the fortress lies down on the shoulders of the peasant, for he himself has to endure physical shock, hunger, the need for spiritual humiliation. However, Turgenev marveled at the fortress from the wide, primal national point of dawn, as if on a sight, more at once for the pan, and for the man. Vіn sharply sue zhorstok krіpakіv and svіvchuvaє to them nobles, as if they themselves were victims of the krіposnitsky yoke. Adzhe zovsim not vipadkovo spivi Yakov the Turk calls out from the eyes of the Wild Master "important tears." At Turgenev, nationally Russian rice was given to villagers; Russians for the vdacha є i deyakі assistants, who have uniquely spread the spill of the krіpatstva. Petro Petrovich Karataev is a lesser Russian person, lower villagers. National drawings to the character of Chertopkhanov's moral image. Vіn helper, but not krіposnik. Such is Tetyana Borisivna, a patriarchal helper, but at the same time a simple istota with a “straightforward pure heart.” The author keeps alive the forces of the nation, like a peasant, and a noble middle. Crying with poetic talent, navpaki, the dilovity of the Russian people, the writer of the writer's hand is vysnovka for the one who supersedes the national dignity, and from the struggle with her, all living Russia, like a villager, and a noblewoman, can take the fate.

Thought notes. Short zmist

for divisions

Bizhin meadow

On a beautiful wet day, one of those quiet days, when the weather got better, I fell on the black grouse near the Chorny district of the Tulsk province. Vіn nastrіlyav dosit rich game, and if it became dark, virіshiv turn back home, but get lost. To finish it for a long time, having strayed, myslivets, at the same time, nothing was approaching. If you try to feed your dear dog Dianka, where are you going to get lost and know. "Neurozumnisha z chotirilapikh creatures" moaned and wagged her tail a little. Prodovzhuyuchi blukati, pensively leaning over the terrible prey. Pagorb, on which he knew, descended with a streamy urvish. On the plain of the river, two fires burned and shone, people scurried about them.

Opovidach recognized, where are the zaishov. Tse. The place was in the house under the name of Bezhin bows. Myslyvets went downstairs and zbiravsya ask people about the night of bіla bagattya. Yogo was hit by dogs with an angry bark. Children's voices blew fires, and the children's voices were thoughtful from afar. The stench saw the dogs, which were especially struck by the appearance of Dianka, and the man went up to richness.

Myslivets told the lads that he had lost his way and pidsiv to the fire. Khlopchikiv, who were sitting in the fire, there were five: Fedya, Pavlusha, Illyusha, Kostya and Vanya.

Fedya is the oldest. Youmu was fourteen years old. Tse buv stringy lad Zі bright eyes that postіynoy merry melody. Vіn laying down, for all the prikmetov, to a rich family, and in the field viїhav for fun. Pavlusha buv is inconspicuous in appearance. Ale, speaking vin reasonably and directly, and power sounded in his voice. The guise of Illyushi showed a dull, ailing turbotlivist. Vіn niby all squinting in the fire. Yomu ta Pavlushi was twelve years old. The fourth, Kostya, the lad of the tenth century, zbudzhuvav tsіkavіst his thoughtful and summative look. Vani blulo roki vsim, vіn dreaming on bast mats.

The children spoke about those, about tse, but Fedya quickly turned back to Illyusha and having slept yoga, I would not continue interrupting the rose, chi bachiv Illyusha the domovik. Illyusha vіdpovіv, scho not bachiv, because yogo bachiti is not possible, but chuv at the old roll, in the factory. Under Budinkov’s night, the woods crackled, the wheel might have knocked uncontrollably, the cauldrons and outbuildings were broken, on which papyrus was beaten. Let's sweat the little house nіbi to the door pishov and raptom cough and choke. The children, who spent the night at the factories, fell into fear and crawled one and the same.

And Kostya told another story - about Gavril, a slobidsky woodworker, who is gloomy all the time, for a mermaid in a fox. The mermaid spent the whole hour roaring and calling the lad to herself. Ale, the Lord reminded Yogo, and Gavrilo, illuminating himself with a cross. The mermaid burst into tears and woke up, saying that people didn’t need to be baptized. Now we’ve been crying for the whole hour, talking, we’ll be, but yoma, she’s been zabazhala to drive in until the end of days. After these words, the evil spirit arose, it became clear to Gavrila how to get out of the forest. Ale from that hour wine and go sad.

The story of Illushin's boulder is coming. Tse bula rozpovid about those, like a hound Yermil pіdіbrav on the grave of a drowned white ram, like a night vishkiriv teeth and speaking with Yermil in a human voice.

Fedya continued his story about the late Pan Ivan Ivanovich, who always walks the earth in captans of old guests and just jokes. Didusev Trokhimichu, who asked the deceased, who asked that one, Ivan Ivanovich vіdpovіv, who whispered to open the grass. Embossed yoga grave, I want to get out.

Illyusha sang a conversation and rozpoviv about those that the deceased can sing at the father's Saturday, like sitting at the church on the porch. Ale, you can succumb to the living, to whom we will kill the devil. Baba Ulyana was nursing Ivashka Fedosiev, a lad, who, having perished on a curtain, and then to himself. And on this day, the soul is left to die, even though it is still alive. Іllyusha rozpoviv and about Trishka, an unmarried person, retellings about yaku were already similar to retellings about the Antichrist. Rozmova switched to the merman, and from the new one to Akulina the Fool, as if she had god-willed at that hour, as if she had been drowning in rivers.

At the same river, the lad Vasya drowned. Mati yogo gnawed the blue, the docks of the blue grave on the birch. The lad is a raptovo sign, only a cap poured on the water. Mother yoga from that hour is not in her mind.

Priyshov Pavlo with a cauldron in his hands and saying that it’s not right, he clicked on the house. Fedya, upon being reminded, added that Vasyatka, having called Pavel, had died.

Mislivtsev step by step, looking at his eyes, and throwing himself only on the wind. Mustache lads slept well. Only Pavlo leaned over and stared at the night guest, nodding his head and bridling the river.

It’s a pity that Paul’s fate was gone: he fell from his horse and drove himself in.

Khor ta Kalinich

Advice to get acquainted with the assistant Polutikin, a biased sage, who asks for yoga before himself in the evening. Stay overnight and go to the villager Horyu. Khor mav mіtsne gospodarstvo i mav practical storehouse of reason. Vіn bv krіpak Polutikin, wanting mav mozhlivіst vіdkupitisi vіd svogo sir. Ale Khory was not able to see, he was inspired by such thoughts.

Khor's manners are not vague, they don't start to celebrate, they don't faint and don't open everything in advance, they don't think abstractly, they don't see the world.

Yogo friend Kalinich is completely prologue. At the new one, if there was a squad, I was afraid of the wines, but it was long ago. At the same time, you live alone and often accompany Polutikin for watering. This occupation has become a sense of yoga life, shards give the opportunity to interact with nature.

Chorus and Kalinich are friends, not respecting those who stink differently at life. Kalinich, like a person shackled, mriyliva, not known in public, was in awe of the pan. The chorus of Polutikin’s staunchly bachelors, ironically putting him before him.

The choir loved Kalinich and gave him intercession, for he saw that he was the wisest. I Kalinich, with his blackness, loving and respecting Khor.

Choir umіv prihovuvati their thoughts, cunning, saying little. Kalinich, speaking out of the heat of the moment, sloppy. Kalinich buv knows from the secrets of nature, instantly heaps up shelter, speaks of a perelak. All the times, the practical Chorus is not small, which “stands closer to the soul, to the people”, todiyak Kalinich, to nature.

Yermolai and the miller's wife

Opovіdach rozpovіdaє about those, like once the stench of myslivtsy Yermolai violated the "thrust" - evening watering on woodcocks.

Let's get to know the readers from Yermolaj. “Yermolai buv is a man of a wondrous family: without a turbot, like a bird, milking a balakuchi, rosy and unhandy in appearance.” In this case, “no one could meet with him at the mystecture to catch springs, at empty water, fish, to reach crayfish with your hands, to look at the wild game, to pick up quails, to wine hawks, to get nightingales ...”

Having stood on the road for close to a year, having hammered in two pairs of woodcocks, having informed them of Yermolai, they decided to spend the night on the nearest mlin, but they were not allowed to, but were allowed to spend the night under the overhead roof. The squad of the mistress Arina brought them a bowl for the evening. It turned out that I knew the king of Pan Zverkov, that Arina served as a resting place for his squad. As if she had asked the pan for permission to marry the lackey Petrushka. Zvirkiv that yogo squad respected themselves with their images of swindlers: the girl was sent to the village, and the footman was sent to the soldiers. In the past, Arina became a zamіzh for a clerk, who bought her.

Raspberry water

Diya is at the very sintered on the cob of a serp, if the advice is right on the watering and pishov at the straight line of the key, I will call Raspberry water.

The river was blowing in the wake of two people of a frail age, to catch fish, - Shumikhinsky Stepushka and Mikhailo Savelyev on the Prizvisko Fog. Dali ide rozpovid about their life history.

Povitovy likar

Like autumn, turning from the view of the field, warning of catching a cold and falling ill. It happened at the post office, at the hotel. They called the doctor. Povitovy likar, Trifon Ivanovich, wrote letters and began to tell about those, like once, at the hour of the fire at the preference at the mausoleum court, yelling to the house of one of the widows. Tse bula housekeeper, as if she lived twenty miles from the place. The note in front of her said that her daughter was dying, and she was out to ask the doctor to come.

Arriving, the doctor began to press medical assistanceїї daughters, Oleksandrі Andrіїvnі, ailments for a fever. Tryfon Ivanovich left them for a few days to look at the patient, remarking “it’s stronger than she is.” Irrespective of all, the girl's efforts did not work. Once at night, knowingly, that I would die without a break, she knew the doctors in the cauldron. Three days later Oleksandra Andriivna died.

And the likar followed - joining the lawful courts, having taken the merchant's daughter Akulina for the squad, evil, but simoma with thousands of deaths.

Odnopalats Ovsyanikov

Here he was advised to acquaint the readers with the one-fingered Ovsyannikov. Tse buv cholovik new, high, rokіv seventy, with guise, scho guessing the trochs of Krilov's guise, with a clear and reasonable look, with an important position, a peaceful promo and a proper move. All the judges of Yogo highly respected her for the honor of knowing him. Ovsyanikov lives alone with his retinue at a quiet, groovy little house. Trimav a small servant, dressing his people with my Russian mine and calling them practitioners. “Chance to sell bread for sin is God’s gift, and in the 40th rotation, under the hour of a deep famine, that terrible road, having distributed all his stock to the helpless helpers and peasants; the stench of the advancing fate with kindly carried their bindings in kind. From Ovsyanikov's books, he read only spiritual ones. Before that, judges often came for joy, to help them to judge, to reconcile them.

One of the susіdіv Ovsyanіkov buv Franz Ivanovich Lezhen. In 1812, roci vin virushiv to Russia with the Napoleonic army as a drummer. On the eve of the entrance, Lezhen, having drank at the hands of the Smolensk peasants, yakі wanted to drown yoga. The helper, who passed by, blowing the Frenchman. I asked him to play the piano, and brought home like a teacher for his daughters. Two days later, Lezhen moved from his helper to another, a rich and well-lit man, like a Frenchman for goodness and a cheerful gift and making friends with his vikhovanka. Lying down for the service, becoming a nobleman, and pіd kіnets - a Russian helper. Vin moved to Orel and established friendship with Ovsyanikovym.

Lgov

Opovіdach іz Єrmolaєm virushaє shoot kachok near Lgov - a great steppe village. Leaning against the bank of the river, the stink of the fisherman Kuzma, on the other hand, the Bitch. Kim is only not a friend of his own life: a cossack, a coachman, a cook, a coffee sitter, an actor, a postilion, a gardener, a rainmaker, but at the same time he is a pan fisherman, which is the axis of prefixes to catch riba at a stake, de riba is not found. The new one had a kіlka іname and prіzvisk protyazh life.

Kasyan z Garnoyu Mechi

Opovіdach turns from the shower on a suffocating summer day. The sound of the wheels of their cart is breaking all the time, and the coachman Yerofey is ringing in the same funeral procession, as if they had hit the road. It’s important that the sky’s sound is a filthy example. Opovіdach dіznaєtsya, scho hovayut Martin-Teslyar, who died in a fever. At the same time, the coachman propagates to go to the Yudіnі vіsіlki, to get there a new weight for the wheel. On the girders, hoisted Kasyan - the dwarf of the fates of fifty small, swanky and wrinkled appearances, gracious nose, brown, ice-cold eyes and curly hair, thick black hair. Yogo's whole body was supernaturally evil and filthy, but his gaze was wondrous and unseen.

Kasyan, it seems, that new things can be obtained from merchants' clerks at the oak hai, which is used for sales, and it will be good to accompany the thought there. To that virishu you can take a shower at the guy. Ask Kasyan to take Yogo with you. After a long blukan to tell you, you can shoot less than a dragon.

- Barin, sir! - raptom promo Kasyan his sonorous voice.

I'm moving with a surprise; dosі vіn ice vіdpovіdav on my request, more raptom he spoke.

- What are you? - I'm asleep.

- Well, how about hitting the bird? - pochav vіn, marveling at me right in disguise.

- What's up? Turtle - tse game: yoga їsti can be.

- Not for that you drove yoga, sir: you will become yoga! Ti yoga for your own vtihi driving in.

Kasyan is strong, that it’s a sin to beat every fox creature, and people are put in another place - bread and “life-giving hand from ancient fathers”. It seems that “against death, neither people nor creatures are evil. Death and do not live, that kind of it does not flow; that dopomagati їy is not guilty ... "

It is proved that Kasyan knows well the jubilant herbs, having gone in his hour “to Simbirsk - the glorious city, and to Moscow itself - the golden domes; going to the Oka-anniversary, and to the Volga-mother. “I’m not alone, a sinner… there are a lot of other Christians walking around on their bast shoes, blazing with light, joking about the truth… so!.. And then what’s at home, ha? There is no justice in people, - the axis is out there ... "

The coachman Yorofei respects Kasyan as a foolish fool and a bad person, however, he knows that Kasyan forgot his scrofula. “God knows yoga: either to mumble like a stump, then to speak in a rapt voice, but what to speak, God knows yoga. Hiba tse manners? Tse no manners. Nesvidoma people, like є.

Burmist

Vertah for fifteen years, the young helper is alive, the guards officer at the guard Arkady Pavlovich Penochkin. Budinoks of yoga impulses behind the plan of the French architect, people dressed in English, govern with great success. Pinochkin writes French books, but practically does not read them. Be respected by one of the most distinguished nobles and enviable names of the province. Vzimka travel to St. Petersburg. Opovіdach reluctantly yogo vіdvіduє, but once you happen to spend nothing at Pіnochkin's mother's. Snidanok spelled in English. Then the stench went all at once to the village of Shipylivka, devouring themselves at the hut of the steward Sofron Yakovich. That on all occasions, Pinochkina about inquiries from the state, having confirmed that everything is better for the orders of the pan. The next day, Pinochkin, together with the guardian and the burmist Sofron, broke down to look at the maetok, de-panuvav the superordinate order. Then we went to snort in the forest, and turning around, went to marvel at the windmill, which I had recently signed from Moscow.

Walking out of the barn, the stinks sang two peasants, old and young, who were standing on their knees. The stench snarled at those who were tormented by the burmist, who took two of the blues of the old from the recruit, and now they are taking the third. Povіv left the cow from the yard and beat the Yogo team. They affirmed that the burmist did not ruin them alone. Ale Penochkin did not become their hearing.

For two years, they had already spoken in the village of Ryabov, when they talked with the well-known peasant Anpadist about the Shipilivsky villagers. Toi explaining that Shipilivka is only listed as a pan, and Volodya Sofron as his good: the villagers owe a lot of blame, work on a new one, as if hired, and the burmist trades with land, kіnmi, thinness, yogtem, oil, hemp, that’s rich, ale villagers b'є. The peasants do not swear to the pan, for Pinochkin is all the same: a smut, there is no shortage. And on Antipas Sofron swears through those who, having quarreled with him at the gathering, now have to take revenge on you.

Office

Diya looks like autumn. Myslyvets walked with a towel across the fields and raptom bobbed a low hen, an old watchman sat next to him, who showed him the way. So the clerk Mikola Yeremyev, having leaned on his feet at the mother of Losnyakova Olena Mykolaivna, at the main pansky office, despoiled. Opovіdach, perebuvayuchi in the sudіdnіy kіmnaі and pretending to be sleeping

about something new and about the life of a richly new one.

Biryuk

Mislivets turned home alone, on a big droshky. A thunderstorm was brewing, and watering the boards with raptom. Raptom at the temryava, with the glare of the glare, the white tremtinnya grew high to stand. A man with a suvor voice yearning to call himself i, feeling it, calmed down. He himself appeared as a local forester and proponed the myslivtsev to cross the boards at the yogo hut. The forester, having tied the horse under the bridle, and in front of the eyes of the mind, a small hut stood on a wide porch. On the porosi їkh zustrіla the maiden of the twelfth, in a shirt, cut with a hem, and with a lighter at the hand. Lesnik virushiv put a tremtinnya under the navіs, and sir uvіyshov at the hut. Zhakhliva bіdnіst stood before him. Near the colossus lay a child, which was very important and often went wild. The girl sang yogo, straightening the skepka with her left hand. Uvіyshov lіsnik. Pan podyakuvav lisnik i energized yoga im'ya. Toy vіdpovіv, scho yogo call Homa, to the name of Biryuk.

Myslyvets looked at the forester from the bottom of the forest.

There were legends about the honesty, integrity and strength of Biryuk.

Pan twitched, de lord. Lisnik scrambled, that she died, and then stroked, saying that she had flown in with the passing philistine, having left the child, that the ice was born.

Biryuk uttered to the pan of bread, saying to that scarlet that he was not hungry. The lisnik viyshov nadvir and turning back to tell him that the storm is passing, and having proponnuvu the guest to spend yoga in the forest. He himself took the towel, explaining to us that they chop down a tree at Kobily Verkh, it’s empty - out of the yard.

In the field, fellings were not caught by the pan z lіsnik. Myslyvets rushed before that month, the stars of the valley filled the noise of the fight, and swayed the forester, twisting the villain's hands with a sash behind his back. The evil one appeared like a peasant at a lahmit, with a long beard. The master of thought gave the word: be-scho call the badolahu. They put the man on the lava, and dead silence settled in the booth.

Having spoken in rapt swearing and asking Foma Kuzmich, tobto Biryuk, call yoga. Khoma buv is not easy, and after a long time, threats erupted from a person at the address of the forest worker. Biryuk is tired, at the blow of anger pіdіyshov to a man. The one slyakavsya, scho yogo beatimu, that y pan stood up for scolding. Biryuk sounded like a pan, zirvav belt z liktiv man, putting his hat on his eyes, scrounging for a comir and vishtovkhnuv get out of the hut.

The master, having praised Biryuk, spoke, he was not at all maly. The forest worker looked up and asked not to say anything to anyone.

Let's see the pan and say goodbye to him at the uzliss.

Lebedyan

Opovіdach rozpovіdaє about those, like rokіv p'yat vin drank to Lebedyan's own rozval fair. After violating the offense of guilt to the point of kavovoy, they played billiards.

The next day, having broken the choice of your horse, wondering for a long time, having bought it. Aleone showed up inflamed and sackcloth, and the seller was moved to take it back.

Spivaky

Diya comes near the small village of Kolotivka. Here it is told about the magic of two spivaks from the people - Jacob the Turk and the lineman from Zhizdry. The hawker, having sung in “the most falsetto,” the voice of the new one, “to finish the reception and licorice, even a little hoarse; vіn grav i vylyav tsim voice, like dzigoyu,<…>zamovka and then raptom pidhoplyuvav kolishnіy napіv s like a dashing, arrogant swagger. Go on and on and on and on and on and on and on and on and on and on and on and on and on and on

Yakiv “having slept, having forgotten his superman, and all of us, ale, mabut, rise, like a bathyorium swimmer with whirlwinds, our movchaznoy, biased share. Vіn svіv, i vіd dermal sound yogo voice shone like a native and neozoro wide, nachyomy step rozkrivavshis.<…>, going to endless distances.

“Not one path ran through the field,” - having sung Yakiv, it became frightening for everyone present. Yogo's voice had a bula and a deep predilection, and youth, and strength, and malt, and seemed to be cicato-bezpechna, total sorrow. “The Russian, truthful, hot soul sounded and went wild in the new and so grabbed you by the heart, grabbed just for yoga Russian strings.”

Seeing the village in the middle of the night and flooding the village, having thought of looking at the window of the Pritynny tavern, it was the year of that, a sign of a miraculous sleep. Yogo's eyes were presented with a "gloomy" and "string" picture: "Everything was drunk - everything was repaired from Jacob. Sitting on benches with bare breasts, humming with a hoarse voice, I’m dancing, I’m singing in the street, lazily plucking the strings of the guitar ... "

Vіdіyshovshi vіd vykna, from which the ungrabable sounds of the tavern “fun” rang out, the gentleman straightened the gate from Kolotіvka.

Petro Petrovich Karataev

Diya was seen in the autumn, on the road from Moscow to Tula, if she had sat for a whole day through a shortage of horses at the post office, she got to know the nobleman Pyotr Petrovich Karataev. Karataev recounts his story. Vіn mayzhe razoreniya - through nevrozha that vlasne nevminnya cherubate the state, and now serve to Moscow. We’ll sweat the wine, as if we’ve knocked down the garn of the fortress, the girl Motren, having sang the vikupiti її from the lady. Yogo was adopted by the lady's relative and she told him to stop in two days. Having arrived at the meaning of the term, Petro Petrovich recognized that Motrona should be driven to the steppe village, for the lord did not want to sell the girl. Todi Karataev, destroying those villages where they sent Motrona, and keep it to yourself, night. So the stench lived for five months with joy and happiness.

And once, while riding a sleigh, the stench went to the village of Matrenino pani, they swayed them and let them in. The lady filed a scarga against Karataev, that the girl was living in New. Having received the reference book, once again Petro Petrovich zoomed in. Prote yoga was not given peace. Vin got in at the borg, having hav-

Through rivers after tsієї zustrіchі opovіdach arrived to Moscow, zayshov there to kav'yarnі, de pobachiv, how to get out of the billiard room.

Peter Petrovich. To that rozpovіv, scho not to serve anywhere, the village of yogo was sold for an auction, and the wines may remain until the end of their lives in Moscow.

Pobachennya

Akulina, what is it necessary to love, come to the guy at the parole with the pansky valet and find out that he is guilty with his master to Petersburg, it is possible, leaving you forever. Victor is going without some kind of discord or kayattya, and the girl is fooled by foolish thoughts.

Nature here is a subtle lyrical commentary to a taut, lifeless become of a girl: “... it’s sad, wanting to freshen the smile in nature’s sweetness, it seemed, sneaking in the fear of the near winter. High above me, importantly, sharply roaring with winged wings, flying a protective crow, turning its head, looking at me from the side, angry and croaking often, a sign behind the forest ... "

Live the power

Opovidach at once from Yermolaєm virušaє for black grouse near Bilevskiy county. Dosch without ceasing from the very wound. Todi Yermolay, having asked to spend the night before Oleksievka, was a hustler, who, having lain to his mother, told him about the basis of such faults before not suspecting.

On the coming day of wines, wander around in a wild garden. Dіyshovshi to the apiary, after swinging the weaving shed, where she lay a little to stand, similar to a mummy. Looker'ya appeared to her, at the past beauty. Vona told her story, like this fate she fell into a gank and began to fall ill. The body was withered, and it wasted the building to collapse. Panov's back was smeared її lykuvati, and then they were sent to the village to relatives. Here Looker was nicknamed "Live the Power." About her present life, she seems to be satisfied with everything: God sent the cross - oh, to love її. Rozpovidaє, scho dream dream: Christ; Batkіv, like they bow to him and it seems that she is calming her sins with her sufferers; death, Yaku Luker'ya ask to take її і out of you. On the proposition of advice to bring її to the likarni vіdpovіdaє vіdmovoy - likuvalnі procedures їy do not help, zadavayut only zayvih suffering. Vaughn ask the pan to tell his mother, so that she changed the quitrent to the local villagers - their lands are poor, vrozha filth.

After a sprat of tizhnіv after the їhnої zustrіchі, Luker'ya died.

The history of the creation of "Notes of the Mind". A development of the traditions of Pushkin and Gogol in the "Notes of the Thought"

In 1845, the rock was turned light under the editorship of N.A. Nekrasov's literary and artistic collection, which has an unnamed name: "Physiology of St. Petersburg, compiled from the practice of Russian writers."

The collection began with a brilliant drawing of Belinsky "Petersburg and Moscow", after which they went on to draw, which paint the life of the Petersburg crowd: "Petersburg doorkeeper" by Lugansky, "Petersburg organ-grinder" by Grigorovich, "Peterburg side" by Grebinka, "Peterburzka" Across the river, in 1846, Nekrasov’s vision of the “Petersburg Collection”, close for its tasks to the “Physiology of Petersburg”. Although the main place in the new one was already occupied not by drawing, but by explanation of that verse, but the direct directiveness and creative method were lost to you yourself: the goal is critical realism, enlightened by deep interest to nourish a supple life.

Turgenev, after posting at the “Petersburg collection” the TV channel “Helper”, appointing Belinsky as a “physiological drawing of the landlord's pobut”. So Turgenev uveyshov in those stretching Russian literature of the 40s, as it won the name of the "natural school".

From the “Helper”, written in the verse form, Turgenev can easily move to artistic prose, to the description-drawings from the peasant’s butu, respecting that this genre is the greater world in support of new creative tasks. Tsebuli "Notes of a Mislivtsya".

In the 1970s, the Turgenevs slandered the magazines with three new publications: “Kіnets Chertopkhanova”, “Knocking” and “Live Powers”. The stench was turned on at the 1880 “Notes of Myslivtsya” edition, and from quiet fir to enter all the offensive ones, which are now being added up from 25 warnings.

How can we explain Turgenev's turn from vіrshіv ta sing, like vin pisav stretching 12 rokіv, to rozpovіdey іz national life?

The pre-revolutionary successors of Turgenev’s creativity, skillfully explaining the history of Russian literature with a vague infusion, tried to know the turns of the new themes and new genres of Turgenev in the literary Russian lands. So, Professor Sumtsov, speaking in the voice of J. Sand, and Professor A.S. Georgian stverzhuvav, that Turgenev in the greater world followed Auerbach, having seen the first books of his "Black Forest Confessions" in 1843, for a couple of years before the first publication of the "Notes of Thought" appeared.

Other scholars attributed the main role to Turgenev's transition to the image of people's life to Gogol's and especially Belinsky's influx.

There are no super girls like Gogol's "Dead Souls", which churned the world in 1842, were a vision for Turgenev and plunged into him, raising interest to artistic prose to critical realism. Tim is no less, no doubt, that the great blow to Turgenev having celebrated Belinsky.

Turgenev in his student years was a respected reader of Belinsky’s literary and critical articles, in 1843 he made special acquaintance with him, and then, stretching out a number of years, until Belinsky’s death, having friendly relations with him.

Prote the main reason for this transition cannot be found in Belinsky's infusion, as it was not significant. Belinsky only helped Turgenev to comprehend, bring into the system those creative jokes, which had been in power earlier and earlier, but with special force appeared close to the year 1846, if the wines came to a complete rose in all of their literary literature. The main reason for Turgenev's transition to a new theme, to a new genre was the bula itself, which inspired Grigorovich in 1846, to write “The Village”, and in 1847, to write “Antona-Bidolakha”, the same , with a splash like Dal (Cossack of Luhansk) having sprung from the world in 1846 roci povesti that spobutu from the people, from Nekrasov in 1845-1846 he wrote the verse “At the road” and “Batkivshchyna”. It was the very reason, through Yaku and V.G. Belinsky at the rocky with the greatest poise, calling out to look at the literature as a sign of a suspenseful struggle.

At the hour of the creation of the "Notes of Myslivtsya", the camp for the people, the struggle for the liquidation of krіposnitsa slavery stood at the center of the respect of the leading hromada literary dyachivs. For Lenin’s appointments, “if our educators wrote in the 40s to the 60s, all the supple nutrition was brought up to fight with wealth and yoga surpluses.” Massive rural disturbances in the 40s swarmed a lot of regions of the country. The number of village "riots" rіk y rіk increased. The first helper of Russia, Mykola I, slandered with a revolutionary movement in France, Nimechchina, the Ugrian region and Austria, strangling the opir of the people's masses with cruel terror. The kingship of Mykoli Palkin, as if he named the crowned despot L.M. Tolstoy, in one of his descriptions, was, behind the words of Herzen, "an era, I will open that swaville." The suffocating, impassioned atmosphere made Turgenev deprive him on the cob of 1847 of fate for a certain hour of the Fatherland and viihati for the cordon. “I didn’t have a chance to go wild with one repetition,” writing in the “Literary and Life Spogads” with the idea of “Notes of the Thought”, - I’ll get out of order with them, which I hate; for that, in me, maybe, there was no needful visor, firmness of character. It was necessary for me to drink in the sight of my enemy after him, so that from my very own they gave a stronger attack on the new one. In my eyes, the enemy of this mav is a singing image, mav is in the house of im'ya: the enemy of this buv is krіpatstvo. Pіd tsim іm'yam I zіbrav i zarediv everything, against which I dared to fight to the end - for which I swore never to reconcile ... This was my Anіbalіvska oath; And I am not the only one who gave її my own.

Turgenev having left his oath: in the minds of the policemen, he re-examined and censored the terror of wines, having created the “Notes of the Mind” - a deeply truthful picture of the kripakiv of Russia. The great TV of Turgenev vindicated in the atmosphere of the struggle against reaction and corruption. Zvіdsi - that pathos of volition and humanity, as a kind of ovіyanі image tsikh opovіdan. “Everything that is not thoughtful and intelligent in the Russian life,” Saltikov-Shchedrin wrote about the epoch, “has a good understanding that wherever you turn around, look, stink with the problem of a person.”

The theme of ruralism, as the most important and important in the political situation of the pre-reform period, is one of the main themes of artistic literature. Krym Turgenev, the life of the kripatsva dedicated their work to a richly progressive writers of the 40s, including Herzen ("Forty-villain") and Grigorovich ("Village", "Anton-Bidolaha"). Nabolіly, which foresees a negative vision about the camp of the villagers of Turgenev, visvitlyuvav from democratic and humanistic positions. Tse shouted evil razdratuvannya at the greater ranks of the ranks. The Minister of enlightenment at the exit of a well-known witness confession of Turgenev by investigating a special investigation of the degree of censorship. At the orders of Mikoli I, the censor, having allowed the sight, was put out of the plant. Nezabar, having won as a result of an indictment of articles about Gogol, Turgenev was arrested and then sent to the village of Spaske-Lugovinove, Oryol province. Pauline Viardo wrote about these wines: “I, by high order, was imprisoned at the police part through those who had instructed a row about Gogol in one Moscow newspaper. The whole thing has become a drive - the article itself is insignificant by itself. But for a long time I have been surprised obliquely and have become attached to the first bad luck ... They wanted to drown out everything that was said about the drive of Gogol's death - and, before the speech, they healed the bad luck and my literary activity. About those who caused the arrest of that Turgenev’s banishment, the “Notes of the Mind” boules wrote on the other side of the page: “At 1852 p. for violating the article about Gogol (essentially for the “Notes of a Thought”) on residing up to the village, de having lived for two years.”

Before the creation of his disgraced book by Turgenev, there was no more interest in the fact that literature was becoming a right call. Vіn pisav vіrshi, sing, poіsti, dram, but at the same time dreaming about the vchenu kar'єru and buv deletion of literary occupations under the infusion of almost dissatisfaction with one's writing activity. In the "Notes of Myslivtsya" Turgenev's gift was taken from a new side, with all its privability that strength. Turgenev himself learned the meaning of the "Notes of the Thought". Vin, writing to one of his friends: “I am glad that this book came out; I’m sure I won’t be deprived of my contribution, contributed to the treasury of Russian literature” .

Like the artist Turgenev at the "Notes of Myslivtsya", having continued the realistic traditions of Pushkin and Gogol, zooming in to say his word at the development of Russian novelistic prose.

A richly-grand art of description in the "Notes of the Thought". Either Yogo Vede was a thoughtful person, like a painter, or he himself became a hearing whole opovidі (“Povitovy likar”). Rozpovid "Odnopalats Ovsyannikov" is composed of low miniature short stories-portraits. Pobutovy drawing, psychological novella, painting from nature, lyrical sketch, landscape painting, filled with philosophical thoughts - all these genres are, however, accessible to the craftsmanship of the author of "Notes of Thought". “Turgenev will forever be deprived of literature, like a super-eminent miniturist - an artist! “Bizhin Meadow”, “Spivaki”, “Chorus and Kalinich”, “Kasyan” and rich, rich miniatures are not painted, but created in unique, thin bas-reliefs!”, having respected Goncharov.

In the descriptions of "Povitovy likar", "Hamlet of Shchigrivskogo povіtu", "Chertophanov and Nedopyuskin" there is a noticeable tendency towards folded artistic forms - to the novelty. In the “Hamlet of the Shchigrivsky district” to lead their own cob of the famous Turgenev history, which tells about the past of the heroes of creation. Prote Turgenev never violates the artistic proportions of the justification. In 1872, the writer turned to Chertopkhanov, taking on his image, and writing "Chertopkhanov's Kіnets", including the description in "Notes of the Thought". "I'm afraid of stretching yoga, lowering the proportions," - knowing Turgenev at the leaf before M.M. Stasyulevich. Win a moment to anger Yogo with an early rose (the same hero has the same hero), which was completely natural from the side. But then the story disappeared, but Turgenev did not want to ruin the genre unity of his cycle.

The poetic integrity of the "Notes of the Thought" is framed by the unity of artistic manner, like the authoritative book of Turgenev. In the view of Pushkin and Gogol, Turgenev does not create in his own cycle, relatively disintegrated and, moreover, human characters are manifested. This kind of task could not stand in front of the “myslivets”. Turgeniev is surrounded by sketches, sketches, portrait painting. With the help of a selection of characteristic rice, the details reach the necessary realism, typization, artistic relief. His swidkoplen, vipadkovy "myslivsky" zustrіchі and watchful writers zoom in on typical images, which give a striking picture of the Russian life of the kripatstva.

The richness of the richness and novelistic forms of the "Notes of the Thought" inspires them with an over-the-top variegated tonality. The tragic tone of the police officer's speech is replaced by humorous statements about the Frenchman, the drummer of the "Great Army", who the peasants asked for "forgive them, to kick the ice". A wickedly ironic description of the words of Lyuboznovov's assistant to patriotism. The penetrating lyricism of "Spivachiv", the simplicity and sincerity of "Bezhina Luka", the dramatism of the opus about Chertopkhanov, the angry satirical intonation of the eponymous "Burmistr" speak about the emotional richness of "Notes of Mislivtsya". With the first drawings of his mislivian cycle, Turgenev became famous as an artist, who had a marvelous gift to bachiti and to perceive nature. “To love nature is not like an amateur, but like an artist, and you can’t help yourself by imagining it only in poetic forms, but if you take it like you see it. Forever the pictures are true, and you learn in them about our native Russian nature, ”Belinsky respected. Between Turgenev's talent Chekhov, who wrote to Grigorovich: “... as long as there are foxes in Russia, bright, summer nights, as long as waders and chibis weep, we will not forget you, nor Turgenev, nor Tolstoy, as long as we do not forget Gogol ".

Deeply national Russian flavor of Turgenev is reflected in the descriptions of the folk pobutu. “We, realities, with dear color,” wrote Turgenev Polina Viardot at the breast of 1847, for an hour of work on the first warnings of the Notes of Thought. . The old Walter-Scottish principle “cooler lokam” follows Gogol vikoristovu, tinkering with details of the people's pobutu, like, in his words, “to give color, to display all the pictures.” The atmosphere of the village hut is unfavorable, the gospodar’s door is at the helper’s, the smoke that they dig in pus, the jocks that splash in the Kalyuzhs, the cows that fan their tails (“My Susid Radilov”) - all this prose everyday life, "The Flemish School of Stroke of Smite", transforms into Turgenev, like Pushkin, into pure gold poetry.

The basis of the Turgenev movement is the language of the cultural part of the Russian society for the first time. At one time, the movie “Notes of Myslivtsya” had a wide vision of “live in a spacious place, landlord's garden, that Russian village”. In Turgenev's explanations, the miswords and the words of the tongue, the dialectisms of the Oryol tongue, for example, "square", "manner", "buchilo", "greenery" are often used. Shilnist to dialectism vzagali bula characteristic rice early works of writers of the "natural school".

Fight for global national norms literary movie, Belinsky at the leaf to Annenkov in the fierce 1848 Dorikav Turgenev in that "re-salting the words of the Orel movie". Turgenev, in the course of time, greatly weakens the ethnographic strum and the Oryol coloring of the movie. Vіn unikaє also zahoplennya mіstsevimi words, puns, which is so bulo, for example, for Dal. "Z light hand m. Russian to speak like this, don’t start and don’t creak: it’s wonderfully simple and understandable," wrote Turgenev. The villagers in the "Notes of the Thought" speak of your most popular mine, as it has already become an abbreviation of artistic literature of that hour. Saltikov-Shchedrin, knowing the strength, brilliance, humor, poetry of the language of ordinary people in the Notes of Mystery.

After Pushkin and Gogol, Turgenev should play the role of the creation of Russian literary motif, which is inspired by “enchanting”, “enchanting” and mighty. Mova, the originality of the characters in the "Notes of Myslivtsya" reflect the warehouse of the peasant's mind, his wisdom, his humor. Simple, reasonable language of Khorya, streaked into words and “mіtsnogo to movu”, as the best way to understand healthy eye Russian people. Navpaki, often on the prom of the krіposnik lie in the wake of the fuzziness of those nights of thought, empty of the soul. Posturing and narcissism of Pinochkin, this evil dramatization is unwiddled in the mannerisms of the language and phrase-mongering. Speak wine without haste, “for the sake of setting up and nibi from the satisfaction, passing the skin word krіz your beautiful wusi.” The nationality of the movement and the thoroughness of the style of the “Notes of Thought” - one of the largest patriotic books of Russian classical literature - to suffocate the sincere thoughts of the great writer with laudatory and close contemporary readers. Democracy and humanism of Turgenev allowed him to deeply take over the day of the people's life, to create images, how to wiggle people's love to the fatherland and to the great Russian people, beyond the yogi vislova - "the most amazing people in the earthly world."

"Notes of a Thought" played a great role in the creative development of the writer himself, chi, vlasne, completing Turgenev's turn to realism. Having created "Notes of the Thought", a book about the Russian people, Turgenev continued and enriched the great realistic traditions of Pushkin and Gogol, his followers and successors. Now he himself becomes a teacher of others and paves a new path, deeply raising the mayor to the new qilin.

Twenty-five reviews and drawings of the "Notes of Thought" were united by a wild idea, sparkling with a burning sense of the author's patriotic naga and establishing a single cycle of works about ruralism and the mighty Russia. Yak masterpiece artistic creativity“Notes of a Thought” and now they have more and more saved their deep ideas and aesthetic value. The folk book of Turgenev, a poem about the spiritual beauty and power of the Russian people, for the modern reader is one of the most beloved works of Russian classical literature. The great Gogol speaks about Turgenev as early as 1847: “The new miracle has talent and promises great activity for the future!”

Type: busy with the technology of the RKMPP with different approaches “Virn - nevirnі hardening”, “Table ZKhU”, “Thin and commodious nutrition”.

Qile:

- learn from the main facts of the biography of the writer;

- reveal the themes and problems of the cycle "Notes of the Mind";

- activate the associative ideas of the students;

- continue the work to develop the understanding and analysis of the text;

- continue the work of developing communicative, informational and sociocultural competencies;

- vihovuvati dbaylive setting to a common word, to cultural recession;

Hid busy:

Weekly stage.

Vykhodyachi z those occupations, learn formulate goals (recorded in the TC) and show the structure of the lesson (two stages).

Understanding stage.

"Virnі - nevirnі firmness".

Marking hardness (B - correct, H - incorrect, ? - unknown).

Submitting a presentation, correcting incorrect statements.

Thinking stage.

For the demonstration of equal mastery of the material, the “tovste” nutrition is vindicated:

The main aspect, which is to tease us at this day's lesson, is the history of the creation of the problematics of the "Notes of Thought", why didn't we turn back to this material in a nutshell, did we apply with biographical materials?

Weekly stage.

One of the goals of the offensive stage is the choice of topics. About what is there to be told about, who are the names?

Understanding stage.

Filling in the "Tables of ZHU" in the process of work with the text.

Thinking stage ( "tovsti" food ).

Why is the peculiarity of the history of the creation of the cycle?

How can we confirm that the problematics of the cycle are unimportant for that hour's literature?

Reflection

Fold the cinquain "Turgenev", "Notes of the Mind"

Ivan Sergiyovich Turgenev. "Notes of a Thought": the history of creation, themes and problems

Technological lesson card

Date __________ Call __________________

Numbers: 1.

"Virnі - nevirnі firmness"

1. Being born to a noble family.

2. Batkivshchina Turgenev - Moscow.

3. The grandmother took care of the lad.

4. Knowing some foreign language.

5. Finished legal certification of Moscow University.

6. Two years of service at the Ministry of Internal Affairs.

8. For the revolutionary look, it was arrested, and then it was hung up to the maetka under the supervision of the police.

9. A long time is alive behind the cordon.

10. Naprikintsі life turned to Russia.

11. Buried at Paris.

12. Significant part of the creative landscape to become poetic.

"Table ZHU"

I know

I want to know

Recognized

1. "Notes of a Mislivtsya" appeared as a finished book in 1852.

Sinkwine

Home tasks:"Biruk"

Subject _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Issues ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

"Thin" food ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

"Tovsti" food

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Option 1

The history of the creation of the "Notes of the Mind"

In 1847, the first issue of the journal "Suchasnik" appeared, which played a significant role in the literary and succulent life of Russia. Turgeniev thinking that there is nothing good for the first issue in the new one. All the same, I gave a small twir, like a doti and without thinking to be friendly. Tse buv "Khor ta Kalinich". I. I. Panaev, one of the founders of the journal, gave him the subtitle “From notes of a thought”, although Turgenev did not have any distant “Notes” of the day.

The success of "Khorya ta Kalinich" turned over the mustache. Before the editorial office of Sovremennik, there were pages with drukuvati and other papers from Zapiski Mislivtsya. Turgenev took up the pen.

The work on the Notes of the Mislivtsya of Vins was carried out behind the cordon. About this period of his life, Turgenev wrote: “I don’t think that my indulgence has let me get away with all sorts of Russian life, be it any kind of intelligence and peculiarities that need. "Notes of a Thought" ... were written down by me behind the cordon; deyakі z them - vazhki hvilini think about those who turn to my fatherland, chі nі? ... I only know that I, obviously, without writing the “Notes of a Thought”, yakby got lost in Russia”. At the separation from the Batkivshchyna, the writer’s mind was stricken before her; Vіn guessing, like an influx and in the autumn of 1846, he went out of the towel to Orlovsk, Kursk and Tulsk province. Pictures of a rural and garden life, Russian landscapes, rozmovi, zustrіchі, butovі scenes arose at the memory.

For three years, "Suchasnik" was ordered twenty-one roses. The okreme vision was created in 1852 with the addition of twenty other descriptions - “Two helpers”. Later, three more stories were written: “Kіnets Chertopkhanova”, “Knocking”, “Live the power”. In 1880, the book was seen to take shape after 25 revisions. Before them, after the zmіstom, that form adjoins the phrase “Mumu”, which is not included before the collection.

"Notes of a Thought" - the whole artistic litopis of a Russian fortified village. First, at this book, the villager acted as a person of majestic spiritual wealth, becoming a literary hero of great scale. Vidomy writer, contemporary of Turgenev P.V. "like to preach the will of the villagers", taken together from the collection of advice, were "a string of attacks, a whole battle fire against the landlord's pobutu".

Option 1

"Notes of the Mind"

The first publication from the "Notes of the Thought" - "Chorus and Kalinich" - was instructed by the journal "Suchasnik" in 1847. Then 20 more opovіdans appeared there in a stretch of five years. In 1852, the “Notes of a Mislivtsya” roci appeared to be okremy seers; one more thing was added to these collections - “Two helpers”. In the 70s, the bulo cycle included three more creations.

Skin rozpovid - tse independent artistic endings tvir. Ale, one hour "notes" become a single cycle. Tsіlіsnіst is reachable for the help of the introduction of the image to justify that setting in all drawings and justifications of the burning problem.

In the Notes of Myslivtsya, they speak in vague forms about their vipadkovі zustrіchі and conversations with numerous heroes, accompanying the rozpovid with the painting of nature, the swedish characteristics of the folk pobutu, which sound like the speech of the Oryol region.

Turgenev acted like an innovator: he portrayed the Russian people as a great force that suffers from the serfs, from the lawless helpers.

The thought about the spiritual strength of the Russian people of Turgenev should be carried out through the evidence. The central conflict that lies at the heart of the "Notes of the Thought" is the supernaturalness between the spiritual wealth and the sinister, slavish camp of the villagers.

For example, the Negative vision of nourishing the camp of the villagers of Turgenev visvitlyuvav from democratic and humanistic positions. Tse shouted evil razdratuvannya at the greater ranks of the ranks. The Minister of enlightenment at the exit of a well-known witness confession of Turgenev by investigating a special investigation of the degree of censorship. At the orders of Mikoli I, the censor, having allowed the sight, was put out of the plant.

Encyclopedic YouTube

1 / 5

✪ Khor ta Kalinich. Ivan Turgenev

✪ 2000195_8 Turgenev I.S. "Notes of a Mislivets" Khor ta Kalinich

✪ BIRYUK. Ivan Turgenev

✪ Bezhin LUG. Ivan Turgenev

✪ 2000195_12 Turgenev I.S. "Notes of a Thought" Office Chast 1

Subtitles

Friends, because you don’t have the ability to read Ivan Turgenev’s poem “Khor and Kalinich”, marvel at the video. The whole story is about two male friends. Having written a poem about Turgenev in 1847, he wrote. Podії vydbuvayutsya at that very period. Rozpovіd to enter before the collection "Notes of the Mislivtsya". They gave a view of the first individual. Otzhe ... Tі, hto who lived in the Oryol and Kaluz provinces, bachiled that the peasants in these provinces already breathe one type of one. The Orlovsky peasant is short, stooping, frowning, lives in filthy huts, does not engage in trade, it’s nasty to wear legs. And the axis of the Kaluz man is tall, cheerful, lives in open spaces, trades and learns to walk around the shoes. In the Oryol province, the huts will be even close one to one, they will be covered with rotten straw, there will be no trees to wind around. And in Kaluzkiy - yards of space, dahi nadіyni, dovkola lіs growth. That is why myslivtsy loved to polyuvat near the Kaluzka province. I fell in love there and got to know the assistant Polutikin. Vіn buv pristrasnym myslivtsem that good people. Bouv, it's true, he's got one sin behind him. Vіn asked for a person to all the rich naming in the neighborhood, and all yogo was born. On the first day of our acquaintance, Polutikin asked me to stay overnight. - It's far from the booth - 5 versts. Let's go back to my man Khoryu, - having said wine. In the middle of the forest, on the cleansing galyavin, stood the garden of old Khor. They were sprats of budinochkivs, covered with parkan. We are sent by the sons of the old Fyodor of the 20s. Having said that the father went to the place. By asking us at the booths. The middle was clean. Fedya brought us bread, kvass, ogirkiv. We ate. Let's sweat it out from the other sons of Khor. There were seven. Another letter is at the fox, and the other is with the father at the city. We did not check Khory, we sat in a cart, and Yogo son Vasil led us at Polutikin's booths. - Tell me, why does the Choir live well in the eyes of your other peasants? - I asked for supper. - The one who is smart for other men. 25 years ago, his hut burned down. Vіn came to my father and asked permission to live at the fox of the swamp. With whom, having asked not to strain Yogo with a robot, but to recognize it, be it some kind of quitrent. Batko said, schob paying 50 karboventsiv on the river. From that hour Khor settled in the swamps, and they called him Khorem. І os vіn paying my father 50 rubles. I have to pay already 100. I'll put it on again. I have told you, I have bought you wine. And you can tell that you don't have a penny. The vranci again went to watering. When they passed through the village, Polutikin called Kalinich. Tse buv high man of rock 40. Vіn shodnya walking with the pan for a shower. Become yoga helper for everything. Without it, Polutikin didn’t pee. Kalinich buv amusing lad. Opivdni, ryatuyuchi us vіd speck, Kalinich vіdvіv vіdvіv us at his hut in the fox order іz pasіkoi. We slept, looked like a fox and turned to Polutikin's booth. Vin having said that Kalinich is a kind peasant, but the axis of his statehood cannot be put in order, moreover, Polutikin himself is taking it away for watering every day - if he should take up the statehood? The next day Polutikin with his suid went to the right near the place. And I myself went for a shower and an evening of zaishov to Khor. On the other hand, the gentleman is short, fox-like, minuscule. Vin buv is similar to the ancient Greek philosopher Socrates. We went to yoga booth, talked in different ways. I've been asleep, why can't I buy a pan. Ale Khor did not give a clear answer. So for a moment that for a long time vіdpovidav. I asked to spend the night in yoga shed on the blue. The lie woke me up Fedko. We were able to take it. - Tell me, why do all the blues live out of you? - I asked Khor. - Aje they have their own. - I want to live with me - let me live. Only Fedya is one of unfriends. And Vaska is still early. To Khoryu zaishov Kalinich. Put a bunch in your hands. An old buv radium to a dear guest. Three days will come when I spend at Khor. Sposterig in yoga and Kalinich. The stench was different. The choir is pragmatic, Kalinich is mrіynik. Khory had a great homeland, but Kalinich had no children. The choir was very sternly cheering Polutikin, and Kalinich sneered in front of him. - Why don't you buy your loves for the Lord to buy new bast shoes? – Feeding the Choir, waving your boots. - That to that vin redneck is your master. And the choir spoke little, in front of Kalinich. The choir is close to the soul, and Kalinich is to the point of nature. The choir was skeptical about new information, and Kalinich - blindly believing in us. I know a lot about everything about business in the countryside: different chips, more money. I myself spoke to Khorya a lot. Especially about the cordon. The chorus rozpituvav about people and business, and Kalinich - about the nature of that place. What a marvelous thing, the Choir does not read vmiv, but Kalinich - vmiv. Chorus of women for people without respect, without shanuva їх. Yogo's team lay on the stove for the whole hour, she did not climb, because she was afraid of a man. Kalinich spoke well, engraved on the balalaika. On the fourth day, Polutikin sent for me. Skoda I was torn apart when I was old. We and Kalinich were in the cart and went. And on the coming day, I left the mother of Polutikin. The axis is such a rally, friends.

History of creation and publications

Rozpovid "Khor i Kalinich", spellings for the first issue, appeared in the current issue of "Suchasnik" (1847). The subtitle "From the Notes of Myslivtsya", which gave the name to the whole cycle, was the proponing of Panaevim. On the back of Turgenev, the perspective of the future creation was not very eloquently clear: “crystallization of the idea” went step by step.

In 1852, the "Notes of a Mislivtsya" paper turned out to be a perfect book. Її vyhіd mav nasledki for the official of the censorship department of Volodymyr, who gave permission for the issuance of the tax. Lvov was taken from the land, and for his colleagues, a special order was seen from the appointments: all seen, as if from a glance in its entirety ".

List of notifications and first publications

Choir and Kalinich (Suchasnik, 1847 No. 1, output "Sumish", p. 55-64)
Ermolai and the Miller's Woman (Suchasnik, 1847 No. 5, item I, p. 130-141)
Raspberry water (Suchasnik, 1848 No. 2 ind. I, p. 148-157)
Povitovy likar (Suchasnik, 1848 No. 2, sec. I, p. 157-165)
Miy Susid Radilov (Suchasnik, 1847 No. 5, od. I, p. 141-148)
Odnopalats Ovsyannikov (Suchasnik, 1847 No. 5, od. I, p. 148-165)
Lgov (Suchasnik, 1847 No. 5, entry G, pp. 165-176)
Bezhin meadow (Suchasnik, 1851 No. 2, entry I, p. 319-338)
Kasyan with a Beautiful Sword (Suchasnik, 1851 No. 3, part I, p. 121-140)
Burmist (Suchasnik, 1846 No. 10, rev. I, p. 197-209)
Office (Suchasnik, 1847, No 10, issue I, pp. 210-226)
Biryuk (Suchasnik, 1848 No. 2, section I, p. 166-173)
Two helpers.
Lebedyan (Suchasnik, 1848 No. 2, item I, p. 173-185)
Tetyana Borisivna and her nephew (Suchasnik, 1848, No. 2, issue I, pp. 186-197)
Death (Suchasnik, 1848 No. 2. vid. I, p. 197-298)
Spivaki (Suchasnik, 1850 No. 11, op. I, p. 97-114)
Petro Petrovich Karataev (Suchasnik, 1847, No. 2, issue I, p. 197-212)
Pobachennya (Suchasnik, 1850 No. 11, op. I, p. 114-122)
Hamlet of the Shchigrovsky district (Suchasnik, 1849 No. 2, item I, p. 275-292)
Chertophanov and Nedopyuskin (Suchasnik, 1849 No. 2, op. I, p. 292-309)
Kіnets Chertopkhanova (Bulletin of Europe, 1872 No. 11, p. 5-46)
Live the power (Skladchina. Literary collection, Warehouses from the practice of Russian writers on the melancholy victims of hunger in the Samara province of St. Petersburg, 1874. - S. 65-79)
Knock! (Create I. S. Turgenev (1844-1874). M .: species of brothers Salaevikh, 1874. Part I. - S. 509-531)
Forest and step (Suchasnik, 1849 No. 2, entry I, p. 309-314)

The book was published by the illustrator "Chorus and Kalinich", in which the author tells about two peasants, who were stalked by you in the Zhizdrinsky county of the Oryol province. One of them - Horus - later settled with his family far away in the forest, traded in trade, properly paid the pan dues and became famous as an “administrative head” and a “rationalist”. Idealist Kalinich, now, soaring in the dark, afraid to call his squad, reverent before the pan, the character is maw lagniy; at once, the vіn instantly speak blood, relieving fears, mav power over the bjols. Newly known more zatsіkavili opovіdach; vin iz satisfied hearing rozmov such dissimilar one to one people.

The pan, allowing the bezladnoy myslivtsyu (“Yermolai and the miller's woman”) to live de vgodno for the mind, that that shomіsyatsa brings two pairs of teterukіv and chickens to the kitchen. Opovіdachevi happened to spend the night at the same time from Yermolaєm at the miller's house. At yoga squad Arina Petrivna it was possible to guess the yard woman; it was clear that she had lived in St. Petersburg for a long time, served as a resting place in a rich booth and was at the lady's on a garniy rahunka. If Arina asked the masters for permission to become a footman Petrushka, the lady punished her to cut the girl's hair and send her to the village, the footman of the air administration to the soldiers. Mistsevy miroshnik, having bought the beauty, taking її for the squad.

The share of Oryol's helper in the name of Lezhen ("Odnopalats Ovsyanikov") made a sharp turn at the hour of the Vitchiznyan war. Together with the Napoleonic army, they took the wines to Russia, and on the way back, having drunk the Smolensk peasants to the hands, they seemed to drown the "French" in the ops. Lezhenya vryatuvav vryatuvav helper, scho prozhdzhav poz: vіn yakraz shukav for his daughters teacher of music and French mov. Having rested and resurrected, having moved to the next pan; in yoga budinka vin died into a young vikhovanka, made friends, entered the service and wiishov of the nobles.

Suggestions

Behind Belinsky’s words, having prepared the article “Looking at the Russian Literature of 1847”, interpreting it from the “Notes of Thought” cycle, it is irrational for artistic translations; among them є strong, є less. At one time, the critic found out that “there is nothing between them, which, apart from being cliques, cicavims and povchalnym.” Best regards Belinskiy vvazhav "Khorya ta Kalinich"; he was followed by "Burmistr", "Odnopalats Ovsyanikov" and "Office".

Nekrasov, in one of the sheets, pointing out the similarity of the “Notes of a Thought” with Tolstoy's descriptions of “The Cutting-Fox”, which was getting ready for another on the sides of the “Suchasnik” and dedications to Turgenev:

In a number of opinions, the thought of the narrator Vasil-Botkin stood apart, which revealed in “Khori and Kalinich” as “vigadance”: “Tse is an idil, and not a characteristic of two Russian peasants.”

Artistic Features

Draw heroes

In the opinion of the doslidniks, the villagers of Khor and Kalinich bear "the most typical features of the Russian national character." The prototype of Khorya was krіpak, which exalted mіtstyu, penetrability and “invisible hospitality”. Vіn knowing the letter, and if Turgenev nadіslav yoma rozpovid, "the old yogo with pride rereading". About the villagers guessing and Athanasius-Fet; in 1862, the hour of the grouse’s watering of the wines, zupinivsya in Khorya’s bungalow and spent the night there:

Arina, the heroine of the story "Yermolai and the Miller's Woman", does not try to cry out pity from the guests, as they sat in the evening at her booth. However, he told the mind that the helper, as she did not allow the maiden to marry Petrusha, and “the cold-clothed man”, having bought her, became the reason for the woman’s bitter feelings.

For Matronya, a krіpak maiden, the love of a helper becomes a serious test (“Petro Petrovich Karataev”). Loving and mischievous Karataeva, she stumbled on a leak in the pan, and then turned to her. At the same time, Matryona, who would help Pyotr Petrovich to save Pyotr Petrovich in the face of the delays of the court’s retrials by the court’s gift, the last ones to perform “the feat of self-confidence and lack of rudeness”.

mova ta style

Pragnennya Turgenev, turn on the “Notes of the Mislivets” before the “Notes of the Mislivets” the priests called out a super-chalky reaction; so, Belinsky at the leaf before Annenkov, denoting that the writer “re-salted at the living words of the Orel movie”; at the thought of criticism, as if the word "greenery"“so stupidly stupid”, like i "fox"і "bread" .

So protesting against the introduction of dialecticism into the publicist Ivan-Aksakov; These claims were made not only by Turgenev, but by other authors:

Grigorovich, trying to bring a Russian peasant onto the stage, zmushu yogo speak Ryazan govirka, you - Orlov, Dal - vinaigrette from us slavnikiv. Thinking about catching the Russian language, you are catching the Russian language.

Historians point out that the missive was necessary for Turgenev in quiet descriptions, where a description of the villagers and yard workers is given (“Chorus and Kalinich”, “Raspberry Water”, “Lgov”, “Biryuk”, “Bizhin Meadow”). The words, like a writer calling them “self-made”, reflected the Oryol coloring and were necessary for demonstrating the life caution of the characters. Zvidsi - Russian vocabulary: "alive", "sweet", "crouched", "lotoshiv", "gazers" .

Such an important Turgenev, having respected and "folk geography": in the "Notes of Myslivtsya" є dzherelo Raspberry water, yar Cobiliy top; in the descriptions there are impersonal forces from the “social-button names”: Khudobubnov, Holopleki, Kolotivka, Bessonov, Kolobrodov .

Turgenev’s porivnyannya go without a middle guard for creatures and birds, so the behavior of people at the “Notes of Mislivtsya” for an hour guesses the sounds of creatures: “Caught Yermolai, like a hare in the field"," After spending three days in a little hut, yak injured birds» .

It is also noted that the writer is heavy to poetic metaphors (“Having begun to shine and whisper according to the forest of the most important boards") and hyperbole ("Burmistr z muzhikiv, with a full beard») .

The image of the message

Opovidach at the "Notes of the Thought" is not only a full-fledged participant in the undertaking, but also a guide of his own, which paves the way for the characters to the readers. Sometimes just hearing (option: podsluhovuє) roam your heroes (“Office”, “Bachelor”); for an hour to put on the water “for the encouragement of roaming” (“Chorus and Kalinich”, “Kasyan from the Garnoy Sword”); Rіdshe - I myself take a part in this other history. (Thus, at the “Biryuk” opportunist, I give pennies to the forester for a tree, chopped by an unknown peasant.) This artistic technique is necessary for Turgenev to “show the reader’s activity as a creative person”:

In some drawings, it is marked with the reception of “living conversation”: they tell you to chitach, ask him to “take the fate of the train” ( “The gate is creaking with a creak ... Move on! village in front of us). Road damage, which are shared with readers, the following details: “Axis of strength”, “You see the church, turn right, through the rowing”. Heartfelt intonation є postіyno; it ends with the final announcement (“Lіs i step”): “However, the hour of kinchati has come.<…>Farewell, reader; I wish you good fortune" .

Regional view

A landscape that creates a picture of a clear summer day, inclusions before the "Bizhin meadow"; rank awakening of the earth - at the "Live power". In both modes, the description of nature and the main theme and the creation of the necessary mood. According to Pigarov’s thought, “quivering din”, attached to Turgenev’s landscape painting, close to Corot’s robots, whom Mikhailo Alpatov called the mysticist Mikhailo Alpatov “the match of the pre-light-tank light and fogs that fade away”; At one time, the "colorful palette" of the author of "Notes of Myslivtsya" is greater than that of the French artist.

Screening

1935 - "Bezhin-meadow" - a film by S. Eisenstein, insertions
1971 - "Life i death nobleman Chertopkhanov" (for the motives of the explanation of "Chertophanov and Nedopyuskin" and "Kіnets Chertopkhanov")
1977 - "

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