Bunin's letter Ivan Oleksiyovich biography. Ivan Bunin: biography, special life, creativity, facts
Russian writer that sings, laureate Nobel Prize from literature
Ivan Bunin
short biography
Being a representative of the noble family of nobles, Bunin early conceived an independent life. At the young people's fates, they worked at newspapers, stationery, rich mandruvs. The first of the published works of Bunin was the verse "Over the grave of S. Ya. Nadson" (1887); the first rendition of the collection of the light of 1891 at Orly. In 1903, having won the Pushkin Prize for the book Falling Leaves and the translation of Songs about Hiawatha; in 1909 he was repeatedly awarded the award for the 3rd and 4th volumes of the Collection of Creative Works. In 1909 we will honor the academician for the category of red writing of the Imperial St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences. Since 1920 he lives near France. Author of the novel "The Life of Arseniev", the novels "Dry", "The Village", "Mitino's Kohannya", the description of "Pan from San Francisco", "Easy Dihannya", "Antoniv's Apple", and his student's notes "Okayanі Dnі" and other works. In 1933, Ivan Bunin won the Nobel Prize in Literature for "Suvor mastery, for which he develops the traditions of Russian classical prose." He died in 1953, buried in Sainte-Geneve-des-Bois. Bunin's work was repeatedly screened. The image of the writer is instilled in the film by Oleksiy Vchitel "Scholar of Yogo Druzhina".
Pohodzhennya, sіm'ya
A representative of a noble family, having succumbed to the roots of the 15th century and having a coat of arms, inclusions before the “Spiliny armorial of the noble canopies of the All-Russian Empire” (1797). Among the relatives of the writer was the poet Hanna Bunina, the writer Vasil Zhukovsky and other Russian culture and science. The great-grandfather of Ivan Oleksiyovich - Semyon Opanasovich - embraced the seat of the secretary of the Sovereign patrimonial board. Pradid - Dmitro Semenovich - pishov at the post at the rank of titular radnik. Dіd - Mykola Dmitrovich - did not serve long at the Voronezka Chamber of the Civil Court, then he took up dominion in quiet villages, which he got to his post of the main podіl.
The father of the writer - assistant Oleksiy Mikolayovich Bunin (1827-1906) - did not get the garne education: having graduated from the first class of the Oryol gymnasium, having finished his education, and in the sixteenth century he was in power to serve in the office of the provincial nobles. At the warehouse of the Yeletskoy militia squad, they took the fate of the Crimean campaign. Ivan Oleksiyovich, having guessed about the father, like about a person, that his physical strength was small, hotter and more generously at once: “It’s all yogo bula ... prosyaknuta to the minds of his gentleman’s adventure.” Ignorant of dislike until the beginning, which was rooted in podlitkovyh fates, wines until old age "having read everything that patted my hand, with great love."
Returning home from the campaign of 1856, Oleksiy Mikolayovich made friends with his great-nephew Lyudmila Oleksandrivna Chubarova (1835 (?) - 1910). On the face of an energetic, temperamental person (who, according to a writer, “beer greedily for an hour, wanting not to ... like a typical figure of an alcoholic”), she was a woman lagidnoy, soft, godly; Imovirno, that її strife was transferred to Ivan Oleksiyovich. In 1857, the first time appeared in the same year - blue Yuliy, 1858 - blue Eugene. Zagalom Lyudmila Oleksandrivna gave birth to nine children, five of whom died at an early age.
Childhood and youth
Ivan Oleksiyovich was born on July 10, 1870, near Voronezh, in booth No. 3 on Veliky Dvoryansky Street, where he lay in bed with the provincial secretary Hann Germanivsky, as he gave the tenants a room. At the township of the family, Buninikh moved from the village in 1867 to give the gymnasium education to the elder sons Yulia and Evgen. As if having made a writer with a year, yoga children would have been tied up with Pushkin, the verses of which they would read in a booth in a voice with a mustache - and fathers, and brothers. At the chotirichny vіtsі Bunіn at once from the fathers moved to the tribal maєtka on the farm of Butirka of the Yeletsky county. Zavdyakov to the tutor - a student of the Moscow University Mikoli Yosipovich Romashkov - a lad addicted to reading; home lighting included also teaching (among which special respect was given to Latins) and painting. Among the first books read by Buninim independently, there was Homer's "Odyssey" and a selection of English poetry.
In 1881, Oleksiy Mikolayovich brought a young son to the Yeletskoi student gymnasium. In the name of the director, the father wrote to the prokhanni: “I ask for the date of sanctification of my son Ivanov Bunin at the initial mortgage entrusted to you”; at the supplementary document, you were asked to pay a fee for the “right of marriage” in due time and tell about the change in the place of residence of the boy. After the folding of entrance fees Bunin buv insurance up to the 1st class. Spopchatku Ivan Oleksiyovich at once with his comrade - Egor Zakharov - living at the house of the єletskogo townsman Byakіn, he took 15 rubles a month from a skin care provider. Later, the high school student moved to the level of a gold sculptor, then the girls changed their lives. At the beginning of the course, Bunin was best given mathematics - in one of the sheets to the elder brother's wine, having guessed what he would like in this subject for the new most terrible.
The training at the gymnasium ended for Ivan Oleksiyovich in 1886. Having gone on vacation to the fathers, they moved to their mother Ozerki, having not turned back to Yelets. At the beginning of spring, the pedrada sacked Bunin from the gymnasium for not appearing "from the leave of absence." From that hour, Yuliy became a home teacher, sent messages to Ozerka under the supervision of the police. The older brother, having understood that mathematics speaks to the young trader, having found the main scientific knowledge of the humanities disciplines.
Until this period, the first literary works of Bunin are known - in the years of high school years he wrote the top, and in the fifteenth century he wrote the novel "Zakhoplennya", which was not accepted by the current editors. By the fate of 1887, having recognized that one of his literary idols had died, Semyon Nadson sings, Ivan Oleksiyovich sent a copy of the verse to the magazine "Batkivshchina". One of them, under the title "Over the grave of S. Ya. Nadson", was published in the lute issue. Inshe - "Silsky Zhebrak" - appeared at the herbal discharge. Later, the writer guessed: “Early, if I send it to Ozerki with the same number, tearing the dewy convalia and shokhvilini re-reading my tvir, I won’t forget it.”
"Orlovsky Visnik". Mandry
In the spring of 1889, Nadiya Semyonova, who had seen the "Orlovsky Visnik", propagated Bunin to kill the newspaper's assistant to the editor. First of all, to give the year of honor to the vіdmovoy, Ivan Oleksiyovich virіshiv to be happy with Julієm, who, having left Ozerki, moved to Kharkov. Thus, in the life of a writer, the period of mandrіvok rose. At Kharkov, Bunin settled with his brother, which helped him to know the clumsy work of the zemstvo government. Having taken away his salary, Ivan Oleksiyovich went to Krimu, having visited Yalta, Sevastopol. Before the editorial office of the Oryol newspaper, I turned back less than autumn.
At that time, Varvara Pashchenko (1870-1918) worked as a proofreader in the Oryol Visnik, as the contemporaries call the first - "nevinchannaya" - the squad of the writer. Vaughn graduated from this class of the Russian women's gymnasium, then entered the supplementary course for a special education in Russian language. Ivan Oleksiyovych told a list of his brothers that at the first acquaintance Varvara - “a temple, with garnished rice, at a pince-nez” - gave himself to him as an enlightened and emancipated girl; Pіznіshe vіn characterized її like a sensible, cіkavogo spіvrozmovnik.
Vіdnosini mіzh kokhanimi formed importantly: father Varvara was inspired by Bachiti Bunіn by his future son-in-law, and that, by his blackness, the life of non-vlashtovanity was covered. The financial camp of Yogo Sim'ї at that hour was cunning, the fathers of Ivan Oleksiyovich, yakі sold Butirki and handed over Ozerki to their son Evgen, actually rose; for the wedding of the young sister Bunin Mary, the stench sometimes sat absolutely without bread. Ivan Oleksiyovich wrote to Yuliya that he was constantly thinking about pennies: "I don't have a penny, earn money, write anything - I can't, I don't want to."
In 1892, Ivan Oleksiyovich moved to Poltavi, where, for the marriage of Yulia, he entered the service in the statistical department of the provincial government. Out of nowhere, Varvara arrived there. Trying to create something in the new place did not go: Bunin spent a lot of time talking to the representatives of the populist groups, talking to the Tolstoyans, mandruvs. At the fall of the leaves in 1894, Pashchenko left Poltava, leaving a note: “I’m going, Vanya, don’t remember me dashingly.” Ivan Oleksiyovich nastіlki importantly endured the separation from the kohana, that his older brothers were seriously afraid of this life. Turning at once with them to Yelets, Bunin arrived at the barbarian's houses, a proto-relative of the girl, who wiyshov went to the gank, having reminded that no one knew their address. Pashchenko, who became the squad of the writer and actor Arseniy Bibikov, died in 1918 due to tuberculosis. On the thought of the dosledniks, stosunki from it are shown in Bunin's artistic autobiographies - zokrema, in the novel "The Life of Arseniev".
Entrance to the literary center. First Shlub
People, who knew the young Bunin, characterized him as a person, in yakіy it was rich “the strength of life, the strength of life”. Possibly, they themselves helped the poet-pochatkіvts, the author of the single collection of books for that hour (issued in Orel in 1891 in a circulation of 1250 copies and free of charge circulated before the payers of the "Orlovsky Visnik") In September 1895, Ivan Oleksiyovich, having retired from service at Poltava, first arrived in St. Petersburg. For the last two days, spent in the capital, I got to know the critic Mykola Mikhailovsky, the publicist Sergiy Krivenko, the poet Kostyantin Balmont, having seen the editorial office of the New Word magazine, reading from the book writer Dmitry Grigorovich (the seventy-year author of Anton, I’ll look at that). 'yat), after visiting Oleksiy Zhemchuzhnikov at home and having taken a look at the request for an appointment.
The series of zustrіches was carried out in Moscow and other places. Arriving at Tolstoy's booth at Khamovniki, the young writer talked with a writer about Lev Mikolayovich's discourse "The Farmer and the Practitioner," which was well written. Pіznіshe wіdbulosya yogo znajomstvo z Chehov, like zdivuvav Bunіn graciousness that simplicity: "I, - likewise a young man, who does not sound to such a tone at the first zustrіch, - having taken this simplicity for coldness." Persha Rozmov and Valeriy Bryusov remembered the revolutionary maxims about the art, which the symbolist poet will loudly voice: “Live only the new, and away the old mustache!”. To finish the shvidko Bunin, having approached Oleksandr Kuprinym - they were the same age, at once they began to enter the literary sleep and, according to the words of Ivan Oleksiyovich, "they tinkered without a break and sat on the urvish over the bleak lethargic sea."
Having become a member of the literary group “Seredovishche”, the members of which, picking up at the house of Mikoli Teleshov, read and discussed the work of one and the same. The atmosphere at these camps was informal, and skinned with gurtkivtsiv mav prizviska, tied with the names of Moscow streets, - for example, Maxim Gorky, who loves to talk about the life of the tramps, but the names of Khitrivka; Leonid Andreev was called Vagankov for the recognition of those deaths; Bunin for cattle, that irony "distant" Zhivodirka. The writer Boris Zaytsev, talking about Bunin's ledges at the edge, writing about the charm of Ivan Oleksiyovich and that lightness, with which he moved with light. Mikola Teleshov, calling Bunin a restless one, did not spend a long time in one place, and leaves from Ivan Oleksiyovich came from Orel, then from Odessa, then from Yalta. Bunin, knowing that he has a reputation as a comradely person, greedily gravitates towards new enemies, which organically fit into his bohemian-artistic hour. He himself realized that behind yoga exercises to constantly change among people was the inner self:
In 1898, Bunin got to know the editor of the publication "Pivdenny Oglyad" - Mykola Tsakni from Odessa. Yogo donka - nineteen-year-old Hanna - became the first official squad of Ivan Oleksiyovich. At the leaf to Julius, robbing about the future hat, Bunin reminded him that his image was “beautiful, but the girl is superbly pure and simple.” At the faith of the same fate, there was a lot of fun, after some young people were killed on a steamboat at a higher price. Irrespective of the entry into the family of foreign Greeks, the material position of the writer became important - so, in 1899, he turned to his elder brother for the prohannis of the Vistula “negain even ten rubles”, signifying at the same time: “I won’t ask Tsakni, I’ll die.” After two fates of a sleeping life, the friendship parted; The single son of Mikola died of scarlet fever in 1905. For a year, already tenacious in France, Ivan Oleksiyovich knew that he didn’t have a “special kohan” before Ganni Mykolaivna, wanting that she was a lady more than a receptionist: Until lunchtime, the miraculous trout was out of white wine, because of which we often went to the opera with it.
First known. Pushkin Prize (1903)
Bunin did not attach annoyance through the weak respect of critics to his early works; in rich yoga sheets there was a phrase “Praise, be kind, praise!”. Without letting literary agents, organizing building reviews in the press, vindicating your books to friends and acquaintances, accompanying you with the help of prohannyami to write reviews. The debut collection of Bunin's verses, seen in Orly, did not seem to be of interest in the literary medium - the reason was identified by one of the authors in the journal Sposterigach (1892, No. 3), which indicated that "M. Bunina's verse is smooth and correct, but others do you write with uneven verses? In 1897, St. Petersburg had another writer's book - "To the end of the world that other advice." No less than twenty reviewers already looked at her, the protezagal intonation was “benevolently condescending”. In addition, two dozens of viewers looked, behind the words of Korniy Chukovsky, “a microscopically small number” at the smoldering resonance, like a viklikav after all the works of Maxim Gorky, Leonid Andreev and other “lovers of the public” the turn of the century.
A great deal of recognition came to Bunin after the release of the poetic collection "Leaf Fall", published by the symbolist collection "Scorpion" in 1901, for the respect of Vladislav Khodasevich, "the first book, which is the root of its popularity." Earlier, in 1896, the Bunin translation of Henry Longfellow's "Songs about Hiawatha" was published, which was laudably cited by the literary spirit. In the spring of 1901, Ivan Oleksiyovich asked Chekhov to present "Falling Leaves" and "The Song about Hiawatha" for the prize of the Pushkin Prize. Chekhov, after consulting the lawyer Anatoliy Koni in advance, said: “Be kind, teach me, how to ask, ask for some address. I myself, if I took away the prize, but I didn’t finish my books.”
In the fierce of 1903, it became known that the commission for awarding the prize appointed Count Arseniy Golenishchev-Kutuzov as a reviewer of Bunin's works. Mayzhe, immediately for this novelty, the writer Platon Krasnov published “Literary characteristics of IV. Bunin” (“Literary Evenings of the New World”, 1903, No. 2), in which he indicated that the candidates for the prize are considered “extremely single-minded”, and the poem “Leaf Fall” is “less than next to the paintings of the autumn fox”. Having compared the verses of Ivan Oleksiyovich with the works of Tyutchev and Fet, Krasnov stating that, in front of them, the young man sings not able to “get a reader with such a theme, like an inventory of nature.” Golenishchev-Kutuzov gave a different assessment of Bunin's work - in a review, direct to the commission, stating that Ivan Oleksiyovich is powerful "beautiful, imaginative, not indifferent to anyone, her own language."
On July 18, 1903, the committee voted to award the Pushkin Prize (headed by literary historian Oleksandr Veselovsky). Bunin otrimav vіsіm selective voices and three - non-selective. The result of the wines was awarded half the prize (500 rubles), the other part went to translator Peter Weinberg. The Pushkin Prize marked Bunin's reputation as a writer, but did little to promote the commercial success of his works. For Korniy Chukovsky's wedding, at the Moscow hotel "Metropol", where the "Scorpion" was placed, there were unopened packs of the "Leaf Fall" collection: "There were no buyers. As soon as I come to see you, I’ll take out the sawed-down bundles, which will serve as furniture for the people.” As a result, Scorpio gave a voice about lower prices: Ivan Bunin. "Listopad" zamіst ruble 60 kopіyok.
Another school
In the future of 1906, Bunin, who is alive in those autumns, is chaotic, “having moved from guests to restaurants”, having arrived in Moscow and settled in the furnished rooms of Gunst. In the middle of entering the yoga party, a literary evening was planned at the apartment of the writer Boris Zaitsev. In the evening, after 4 leaf fall, Vira Muromtseva, twenty-tip'yatirichna, was present, as if she was friends with the gospodarka house. After reading poetry, Ivan Oleksiyovich became acquainted with the future squad.
Vira Muromtseva (1881-1961) was the daughter of a member of the Moscow City Council, Mikoli Muromtsev, and the niece of the head of the First State Duma, Sergiy Muromtsev. Її the father, rejoicing at his calm vdacha, the same mother, following the words of Boris Zaitsev, told Dostoevsky's heroine - "to look at the sight of the general's wife". Vira Mykolaivna, a graduate of the Great Women's Courses, studied chemistry, knew a few European languages, and at the time of her acquaintance with Buninim, she was far from the literary-bohemian medium. The fellows described її yak "due garnu girl with majestic, light-transparent, instead of crystal clear eyes.
Oskilki Hanna Tsakni did not give Bunin a separation, the writer could not formalize his marriage to Muromtseva (the stench started up soon after leaving Russia, in 1922; the best man was Oleksandr Kuprin). The cob of their sleepy life became extraordinarily expensive: at the flower-grass in 1907, the fate of Bunin and Vira Mykolaivna made a trip to the borders of the Skhod. Money for the voyage was given to them by Mikola Dmitrovich Teleshov.
At your blessed days, if the sun of my life stood on the pivdni, if, in the colors of strength and hope, hand in hand with tієyu, whom God judged to be my companion to the grave, I robbed my faraway mandrivka, I love more dearly, which was at once Tim and pilgrimage to the holy land.
I. A. Bunin
Pushkin Prize (1909)
Nevdaliy saw the spivpratsi zі "Scorpio" zmusiv Bunіna vіdmovity in the farther work from the symbolist vision; as Ivan Oleksiyovich himself wrote, having spent the singing moment in the battle with “new comrades in the Argonauts, among the demons, among the magicians”. In 1902, a new friend appeared - the St. Petersburg partnership "Knowledge". For a stretch of eight years, it was engaged in the release of a selection of works of the writer. The greatest resonance came from the release of the 3rd volume, which inspired Bunin's new verses (1906, circulation 5205 copies, edition 1 ruble).
In the autumn of 1906, the fate (or the bribe of the offensive) of the 3rd volume at once from the translations of Byron's "Kaina" was amended by Bunin to the Academy of Sciences for the honoring of the Chergov Pushkin Prize. Two years later, Kuprin's squad - Maria Karlivna - told Ivan Oleksiyovich that the members of the commission had not taken away his books, and Valery Bryusov was considered to be the most important contender for the city. The overlay, perhaps, was seen through those who were recognized as the reviewer of Bunin's works by Peter Weinberg, who died a snail in 1908; the books taken by him were seen as spent. Bunin quickly reacted to the information, otrimana in Kuprinoy: he re-appointed the 3rd and 4th volumes of his works to the Academy of Sciences, as well as a sheet of necessary explanations.
In the fierce fate of 1909, Grand Duke Kostyantin Kostyantinovich, who became the new reviewer of Bunin's works, prepared an essay about doing it. It was decided by the stars that the candidate for the prize was not the author, but sings, “the black work of the poetic thought was so poetically promoted”. At the same time, for the respect of the reviewer, a realistic description of the inner experiences of this lyrical hero for an hour between me and not with cynicism - mova, zokrema, went about the verse "Self-being". The ground analysis, in which the other “shorstness” was overturned (vagueness of the thought, not far away the divergence, inaccuracies, revealed when the translated “Kaina” was written with a first work), culminating in the verdict: create Bunin, submitted to the commission, not meritorious “for the award, protection honorable "advice".
Tsya review did not add to the results of the vote, and already on the cob Oleksandr Kuprin, who took away the information about the front bags of the competition, reminded Bunina that he was awarded half of the Pushkin Prize; at the leaf, it was hotly voiced: “I’m not angry with you for those who hung down on me for five thousand.” Bunіn at the sight of a comrade, that he was satisfied with the situation, which was formed: “radio ... to the one that the share of my іm'ya z yours”. The sights of Kuprin and Bunina were friendly, but in them there was always a present element of light supernity. For the nature of the stink, they were different: Oleksandr Ivanovich saved himself as a “great child”, like Ivan Oleksiyovich, who became independent early, from his youthful fates he revived his maturity. Behind the advice of Mary Karlivna Kuprina, once for an hour I’ll meet in Bunin’s house, who wrote with his ancestry, calling the man “a nobleman by mother”. At the end, Kuprin sang a parody of Ivan Oleksiyovich’s rose poem “Antonivsky apple”, heading it “Pie with a mushroom”: “I’m sitting here, I’m chewing a washcloth with a purpose, and in my eyes a bunch of sums shine ...”.
Zhovtni was officially announced that the Pushkin Prize for 1909 was awarded between Buninim and Kuprinim; leather from them having taken 500 rubles each. Less than two days later, a new announcement came from the Academy of Sciences - about the recognition of Bunin by an honorary academician for the category of red writing. The appearance of the manifestation was further elaborated by the writer Kostyantin Arseniev, which characterizes, directs to the Academy, stating that Bunin’s work is admired by “simplicity, sincerity, artistry of form.” The next hour of voting for honorary academics for Ivan Oleksiyovich was given to the highest votes from nine.
"Cursed Days"
In the 1910s, Bunin and Muromtseva went up in price - the stench went to Egypt, Italy, Turkey, Romania, saw Ceylon and Palestine. The deeds of Ivan Oleksiyovich (for example, the description of "Brothers") were written in a burst of road rage. During this period, the following publications appeared: "Pan from San Francisco" (1915), "Grammar Kokhannya" (1915), "Easy Dihannya" (1916), "Chang's Dream" (1916). Irrespective of the creative successes, the mood of the writer, let us frown, about what was witnessed by his student’s notes, made in 1916: “That Rozum’s dullness, weakness, that literature without a purge continues all the way.” Behind the words of Bunin, yogo was richly tied up with the First light war, as he brought "great spiritual disenchantment."
Zhovtnevy podії pisnik zustriv near Moscow - at once from Vіroy Mykolayivna vіn lives at booth No. 26 on Povarsky Street from the autumn of 1917 right up to the coming spring. Shchodennik, akin to Ivan Oleksiyovich in the 1918-1920s, becoming the basis of his book "Cursed Days", called by the contemporaries a significant document of a turning point. Categorically admonishing to accept the Radian power, Bunin, in his notes, actually argued with the block poem written in 1918 “The Twelve”. Behind the words of the literary scholar Igor Sukhikh, in these days, "Block felt the music of the revolution, Bunin - the cacophony of rebellion."
On May 21, 1918, Ivan Oleksiyovich and Vira Mikolayivna left Moscow; Yuliy Oleksiyovich Bunin and Maxim Gorky's squad - Katerina Peshkova saw off at the Savelovsky railway station. To Odessa - a place well known to a writer - it was possible to make friends with foldable paths: behind Muromtseva, at the same time with other women, the stench went in a refurbished ambulance car to Minsk, then they made transplants; once, having taken a place for the night, they drank it in a sumnivny goblet. Ivan Oleksiyovich and Vira Mykolaivna arrived in Odessa. Spopchatku lived in a dacha behind the Great Fountain, later moved to Knyazha Street to the mansion of the artist Yevhen Bukovetsky, who had proponed two rooms for him. At the leaf, sent to the critic Abram Dorman in the autumn of 1918, Bunin said that he saw “the invincible pain, the heat and the fierce hour of reading the skin newspaper”.
Bunin lived in Odesa for the second half of his life - writing articles for local vidans, becoming a literary contributor to the Pivdenne Slovo newspaper, taking part in the activities of the OSVAG agency founded by General Anton Denikin. At private roses of wines, periodically planning to join the Volunteer Army. In an interview given to the newspaper "Odesskiy Listok" (1918, No. 120), the writer spoke sharply about the "terrible contrasts" of the era - the anniversary of Turgenev's centenary anniversary with the river of revolution. The prose writer Ivan Sokolov-Mikitov, who spoke to Buninim at that hour, having revealed that in Odessa Ivan Oleksiyovich had changed at the edge of a humbled station.
On September 24, 1920, Bunin and Muromtseva boarded the small French steamship Sparta. Having stood for two (for deaky tributes - three) days on the old roadstead, the ship headed for Constantinople. As Vira Mykolaivna wrote to the worker, there were so many people on the steamboat that all the decks were cast for the night, the tables passed; It was possible for them from Buninim to take one bedroom for two. On the sixth day, "Sparta" hit the road, on the seventh day it went to the Bosporus, on the nineth day Tuzli was far away. Then there were short teeth in Bulgaria and Serbia. Naprikintsі birch 1920 to the fate of the writer that yoga companion arrived in Paris.
Raptom, I call you come to you, rapt, it dawned on me: so - so from there - I'm in the Black Sea, I'm on someone else's steamboat, I'm sailing to Constantinople, Russia - the end, that one, all my colossal life, the end, navit how will it become a wonder and we will not perish in this evil and crying abyss!
I. A. Bunin
At Paris and Grace
In the first years of life in France, Bunin was little engaged in literary activity. On the thought of the poet Gleb Struve, Timchasov's "creator of the day" of the writer was due to his strong reaction to the political situation in Russia. Prote books of Ivan Oleksiyovich continued to appear - on the cob of the 1920s, near Paris, Berlin and Praz, there were seen collections of yogi explanations, written in the pre-revolutionary period. Pevny fracture became 1924 rock. On the 16th of February, the Parisians were called “Mission of the Russian emigration”, in which prose writers Ivan Shmelov, Dmitro Merezhkovsky, church historian Anton Kartashov and others took their part. Bunin spoke from an additional note, saying to him that the head of the Russian emigration follows the rejection of the “Lenin commandments”. Respecting the silence, who respected that people did not recognize the revolution, “if they want the rivers to flow back”, the writer respected: “No, not like that, we don’t want to turn back, but only another flow ... Russia! Who can read me love before her?
In the same year of 1924, the Bunin collection “Rose of Jericho” was in Berlin, in which, instructed by pre-revolutionary creations, the text was included, written by France. Through the river, the journal “Suchasni zapiski” (1925, No. 23-24) published a new story by Bunin “Mitin love”, which called out to a large number of reviews in emigrant publications. Then there was written the description of "Sonyachny blow", "To the right of the cornet Ylagina", "Ida". In 1927, the writer began to work on the novel "The Life of Arsenyev", in which he began to rouse the hostility that was saved in the memory of a child's hour. Literary scholars pointed out that the creations created during the emigrant period were a pure source of power for Bunin earlier in social life, - the writer was completely torn from that "pre-revolutionary world, which was impossible to read with the original."
During the winter months, Bunini, as a rule, lived in a Parisian apartment, roztashovanіy at the address: 1 Jacques Offenbach Street. In the middle of the 1920s, Galina Kuznetsova appeared in the life of a writer, as her followers called him a student of that “Graska Laura”. Kuznetsova - a squad of officer D. M. Petrov - left Russia at once as a man in 1920. In the spring of 1927, fate separated from Petrovim and settled in Bunin's Grask house. The writing of the book “Grassky schodennik” by her seems to have an even more idyllic atmosphere that panned in the villa: “I see the trojans ... I’m going to look like a bunch of kvitas.” These notes contrast with Schodennikov's knowledge of Muromtseva: “Today I am alone. Possibly, tse shorter - vіlnіshe. But the tightness is greedy.” Kuznetsova lived at Grasy with breaks until 1942; In 1949, the won moved to the United States.
In 1929, the writer Leonid Zurov reached the Meshkantsev of Graska Villi, and in a short time he became a member of the Bunin archive. Yogo acquaintance with Ivan Oleksiyovich was for listing. In absentia splkuvannya ended with requests to France; Bunin especially promised to fuss about how to get to know the pennies for moving. According to Kuznetsova, the young man showed up in a booth with valises, in which there were black bread, shanovans Buninim Antonov's apples, linden honey. "Koli I. A. for the first time, wiyshov before the new one, moving forward, standing up in front of him, as if looking around. Zurov's robot, as Ivan Oleksiyovich's secretary, spent a decade of life, and a few years ago, the Buninimi were saved for ten years.
Nobel Prize
The first time Bunin was nominated for the Nobel Prize for Literature was unfortunate after the writer arrived in France. Prose writer Mark Aldanov, who wrote in 1922 in one of the questionnaires in 1922, was the most authoritative post in the emigrants' middle among the authoritative positions - tse Bunin, Kuprin and Merezhkovsky; This successful candidate, put forward in the city, could have raised the prestige of the “Vignan Russian literature”. With a proposition about such a nomination, Aldanov turned back to Romain Rolland. That vіdpovіv, scho ready to pіdtremati Bunіn okremo, but not at the link with Merezhkovsky. In addition, the French prose writer mentioned that Gorky was among the contenders, then he won his prevail to you. As a result, Rolland added a list of changes to Aldanov’s proposals: in the list sent to the Nobel Foundation, he indicated three names - Bunin, Gorky and Balmont. The Nobel Committee was awarded a prize for the skin of the candidates, and the prize for 1923 was awarded to the winner from Ireland William Yeats. Nadal, the emigrant writers did not deprive Bunin of samples of writing. So, in 1930 Aldanov had a talk about it with Thomas Mann. That half-heartedly, having respected Ivan Oleksiyovich, it is important to choose between him and another Russian writer - Ivan Shmelov. Pіznіshe Mann znavsya, scho skіlki at the list of candidates є representative of nіmetskoї literature, yak nіmets ready to vote for himself for the new one.
About awarding Bunin the prize for 1933, Muromtseva was first recognized. Zgіdno z її spogada, vranci 9 leaf fall before them, a telegram came to the villa in the Swedish translation of Kalgren, which put a message about the enormity of Ivan Oleksiyovich. In Sweden, a note was issued: "Russian Vignanets". On the day of Bunin and Galina Kuznetsova they violated the cinematography. An hour before the session, Leonid Zurov appeared in the hall, as if asking the writer to interrupt the glance and turn back home, - after the words of the secretary, Vira Mikolayivna received a telephone call from Stockholm; Ignoring the filthy yakіst zv'azku, she zumіla razіbrati phrase: "Your man is a Nobel Prize laureate, we would like to talk to Monsieur Buninim!". Information about the city expanded quickly - just before the evening, journalists and photojournalists arrived in Grasse. The writer Andriy Sedikh, like Timchasov, took on himself a part of the secretary's shoes, rozpovіd zgod, that that day the Bunins did not have a few pennies and not a little to pay the robot of the courier, that they constantly brought vital telegrams.
The official text of the Swedish Academy said that "The Nobel Prize for Literature ... is awarded to Ivan Bunin for strict mastery, for which he develops the traditions of Russian classical prose." The reaction to the award for the creative middle man was ambiguous. So, as the composer Sergiy Rakhmaninov, among the first, sent a telegram from New York with the words “Spare welcome”, then Marina Tsvetaeva hung out in adversity with the decisions of the academy - the poetess respected that Gorky chi Merezhkovsky significantly merited more peace on the city: “Girky - Bunin - the end of the era.
The award was given on 10 December 1933 concert hall Stockholm. IN nobel movie, over which the writer worked for a long time, Bunin announced that the prize was first awarded to the writer-Vignant. The Nobel medal and laureate diploma were presented to you by King Gustav V of Sweden. Part of the prize Ivan Oleksiyovich repaid the needy. In the same words, in the first days after the announcement about the decision of the academy, at the same address, there were more than 2000 lists of people, who were squandered to a difficult financial situation, that “had a chance to distribute close to 120,000 francs”.
At the rocks of Another light war
On the cob of Another world war, the Bunini moved to the high-rise villa "Jannette", which was on the way from Grasse, entrusted from the Napoleonic road. There Ivan Oleksiyovich and Vira Mykolayivna mayzha all lived for about six years. Krіm them, in the villa, friends and know-it-alls stayed constantly. The upper one was occupied by Galina Kuznetsova and her friend Margarita Stepun, the sister of the philosopher Fyodor Stepun. 1940 rock in Grasse turned Leonid Zurov. At Bunin's house, the American pianist Oleksandr Lieberman and his team knew Timchas's ukrittya. Zgіdno with Lieberman’s guesses, in 1942, roci, if they were with the retinue, having found out about the possible arrests of foreign Jews at Cannes, joking “pidpіllya”, Ivan Oleksiyovich napolіg on their settlement in “Zhannette”: “So we spent a troubled days". From 1940 to 1944, the writer Oleksandr Bakhrakh, who himself came to the villa to give him an apron, was in Bunin's house. Muromtseva ruled for the new rite of christening at a small church, and Zurov, through a well-known priest, having issued documents that, under an hour of arrest on the streets, Bakhrakh was buried in life. Zgodom Oleksandr Vasilyovich, having seen the book “Bunin at the dressing gown”, guessed in a sort of secret that among the guests of the writer of the bula and onuk of Pushkin - Olena Rosenmayer, was brought by Ivan Oleksiyovich from Nice.
The artist Tetyana Loginova-Muravyova, who was in Gras during the rocky war, told that Bunin constantly heard English and Swiss news on the radio. At the yogo office, there were hanging cards, on which the writer robbed signs with arrows. The schoolchildren of the vineyards of Mayzha have successfully fixed the information about the movement of the Radian troops. From the radio report of that list Ivan Oleksiyovich found out about the shares of friends: “Balmont and Professor Olan died. Sign of the world and of my life Balmont! And I am making acquaintance with him in Moscow, in the rooms of Madrid on Tverskoy ... A sheet from Vira Zaitseva: Nilus died.
During the hour of the war, the Jeannette villa lost its respectability: the scorching system ceased to function, the foldable water supply to the electricity supply failed, and the furniture fell into disrepair. At the sheets, Bunin knew about the “bakery famine.” The Nobel Prize was redeemed, there were no new publications; Behind Zurov's clues, before Bunin, there were propositions of robots among the seers, as if they came out of the occupied lands, and Ivan Oleksiyovych came out of the water. In those days, I wrote: "I'm rich - now, by the will of the land, becoming a zhenk ... Become famous all over the world - now no one needs the world ... I want to go home!" Trying to take a small fee, Ivan Oleksiyovich asked Andriy Sedikh, who, having lived to the Successful States, to see the book "Dark Alley", to what extent he had created, written in 1937-1942. At the leaf of Bunin, designating what will be good for you, mind you. Andriy Sedikh, who, especially for this project, created the publishing house “Nova Zemlya” in New York, in 1943 he released “Dark Aley” in my Russian edition of 600 copies. With the English version of the book, there were a lot of problems, and the light won after the war. Bunin was paid 300 dollars for the dark alley.
Soundness, character, way of life
Bunin was a nobleman for a trip, a prote yogo way of life - especially in his youth - appeared similar to the Riznochinsky. leaving early Batkivsky dim(and until the end of life you don’t know your own), win the sound of rozrokhovuvat only on yourself. With a stretch of bagatioh rokiv yogo, the boules were filled with kuti, furnished rooms, hotels - vin is alive now in the "Capital", then in the "Shmatkovy", then in the village, then in the apartments of friends. In private conversations, the writer knew that in his youth he was tormented by “super-pronounced passions”. The poetess Irina Odoevtseva admitted that the vdacha was not tidy, and the building to heroic vchinkiv was rich in what was signified by his depression: “the nervousness of the wines gained ... not only from the father-alcoholic, but from the martyr mother.” The people, who spoke with Ivan Oleksiyovich, paid respect to him with an unusually hospitable scent, ear and mind - he himself called his superciliousness "inner". Behind Bunin's words, in his youth, he could easily make out the stars, like others could see only with the help of tight optical fittings; for a few versts from the house, I felt the sound of the little girls’ little twinkles that were approaching. So let's go ahead and sing the boules and yogo "soulful sight and hearing."
The memoirists wrote about Bunin's "gentleman's stature", his innate elegance, vminnya freely trimming and naturally felt in any kind of suppleness. For the respect of the squad of Kuprin Mariya Karlivna, її man - in the most fashionable costumes - entrusted to Ivan Oleksiyovich, looking clumsy and unhandy. Tetyana Loginova-Muravyova, who was astonished at Bunin's old age as an artist, showed respect for the fragility of her rice and her face; Sometimes it was possible to inspire the eyes of the building to change the color stalely in the mood: the stench could be green, gray, black. The clerk, knowing about his "richness", was reluctant to wait on the propositions of the artists to improve his portraits.
In the best hour for the work of Bunin, having entered the wound - as a rule, he sat down for the letter to the snidanku. About yoga knowledge to the word and whether there was any kind of rozdіlovogo sign was known to both editors and colleagues, - Kuprin at the rozmovі z Ivan Oleksiyovich once mentioned that “you can see the skin near the skin line”. Following the words of Mark Vishnyak, a spokesman for the Parisian magazine "Suchasni zapiski" (Suchasni zapiski), putting up a phrase in the text for an hour reached Bunin's "painful reluctance"; at the vidavnitstv, with some wines spivpratsyuvav, before building the manuscript before another, they came up with some terms in telegrams to remember the word or rearrange it to someone. The writer was unable to make the rest of his revision, explaining it as follows: “Tolstoy, having waited for a hundred proofs of the Lord and Practitioner to see the Pivnichny Visnik ... And I ask for only two!”. The reform of the Russian orthography, for which the alphabet was born, was also Erik, Ivan Oleksiyovich, even more negatively, - he stverdzhuvav, that "the forest without yat consumes all its resinous aroma."
The thoughts of the presenters about Bunin's character turned out to be super-sharp. In some ways, the wines were notions of a light, warm spirited person, who could not be called an open person. Others wrote that the creative midwife accepted as a writer sharp, inanimate, insensitive. Behind the words of Іrina Odoevtseva, for an hour now, you are already unacceptable, you do not care about it. Ivan Oleksiyovich vagomo helped those who demanded podtrimki, but when he was loving, so that the students accompanied yogo at sunsets - such a public demonstration of the "light" for an hour played with his colleagues, as they called the followers of the writer "Buni kripak".
Behind Bunin's words, in no way could the penny be properly disposed of, and the Nobel Prize, like, for the roses of friends, could secure the writer a careless old age, it was stained even more quickly. The Bunini did not add their livelihood, they did not pay their living sums "on a black day." Andriy Sedikh, who sorted out the mail at once with Ivan Oleksiyovich, how he came to Grasse after receiving the prize, guessing the leaves that they came from the earth. If a sailor, having asked a writer to send him 50 francs, he was taken aback. It was so easy for them to win over the little-known chanulers, and Vira Mykolaivna distributed to the writers pennies for seeing books and paying for education. The writer of Zinaida Shakhovska confirmed that open house Buninyh privablyuvav and unscrupulous witnesses, and lawyers with a dubious reputation. The impracticality of this led to the fact that after three years after the awards were received, Ivan Oleksiyovich wrote to the student: “Agents, as if they will always take hundreds of dollars from me, I’ll give my work without a cost ... With a penny and a penny of income ... I. Exit from circulation.
Stay rocky. Death
After the war, the Bunini turned to the Parisian apartment. At the red day of 1946, the Radyansk Union had a decree “On the Reinvention in the Socialist Socialist Republic of the Soviet Socialist Republic of the Great Russian Empire, as well as the OS, as they spent the Radyansk community, as they live on the territory of France.” As Vira Mykolaivna wrote in those days, the public of the document called out richly lauding in the emigrants' middle, some families were divided: "Some wanted to leave, others to be left behind." Bunin, in response to the request of the correspondent of "Russian News" put before the decree, strimanously respecting what is supported by the expansion of this "generous approach" and to other lands, where emigrants, zokrema, to Bulgaria and Yugoslavia live. The Ambassador of the SRSR to France, Oleksandr Bogomolov, held two contests, on which, in Crimea, Kostyantin Simonov and Illya Erenburg spoke. In addition, the ambassador specifically requested Bunin for a loan; at the dawn of the day, Ivan Oleksiyovich was ordered to turn to the fatherland. Behind the words of Bogomolov, the writer chimed in for the proposition and said to think. The axis of what tells about Kostyantin Simonov:
Talking about the turn, he said that, obviously, you really want to go, marvel, visit the known places, and even yogo to live forever. Pizno, pizno... I'm already old, and I haven't lost any of my friends alive. From close friends, only Teleshov was lost, I’m afraid that I didn’t die, I’ll come to the docks. I'm afraid to look empty. (...) And I got attached to France, even a sound, and it would be important for me to look out for her. And take a passport and don’t go, get lost here with a Radianian passport - now take a passport, why don’t you go? Since I’m not going, I live like I’m alive, even on the right, not in my documents, but in my feelings ...
Kostyantin Simonov
Bunin didn’t turn back, looming his emigrant passport, until the last days he was full of people without bulkiness.
During the war period, connections between Ukraine and Radian writers began to emerge. Kostyantin Simonov, acquaintance with him became one of the gatherings, having visited Bunin at home more than once. Judging by the students of Muromtseva, її troch alerted about the well-being of Simonov, and the information about the presence of the new secretaries and stenographers made me think about the problems of the immigrant writers: Ivan Oleksiyovich] - the ability to go, take a break from bronchitis. At that time, Bunin was given a deed create literary, who went to the SRSR, - so, after reading and even warmly thinking about "Vasily Terkin" by Oleksandr Tvardovsky and the description of "Tavern on Bragіntsi" by Kostyantyn Paustovsky.
In 1947, roci Bunin, who had been diagnosed with emphysema legenia, went to the resort of Juan-les-Pins for a long time, and went to France. Having passed the course of jubilation, turning back to Paris and zooming in, take your fate at the entrance, organized by friends for your honor; In the autumn of that same year, 1947, the fate of the remainder of the speech in front of a great audience. Nezabarom, Ivan Oleksiyovich turned to Andriy Sedikh for help: “I became weaker, spent two months at the bedside, bankrupted my son ... I’m on the 79th river, and I’m also married, I don’t know what I’m going to do.” Sivikh zooms at home with the American philanthropist Frank Atran about the redemption of the writer's six-thousand pension from an increase of 10,000 francs. Qi pennies were paid to Bunin until 1952; after the death of Atran, they crouched down.
At the same time in 1953, Ivan Oleksiyovich's health became sharply worse. At the boudinka, the friends of the sim's constantly chatted, they helped Viri Mykolaivna to see the ailing, zokrem Oleksandr Bakhrakh; Doctor Volodymyr Zernov arrived today. A few years before his death, Bunin asked his squad to read Chekhov's leaves to you in a voice. As if having guessed grains, on the 8th of the fall of the yogi they called to the writer of the two: first of all the necessary medical procedures, and if he arrived again, Ivan Oleksiyovich was already dead. The cause of death, according to the doctor, was cardiac asthma and sclerosis of the leg. Bunin was buried in Saint-Genev's-de-Bois. The monument on the grave was crushed by a small child of the artist Oleksandr Benois.
Creativity
poetry
Bunin, who has seen a lot of poetic selections and won two Pushkin awards, has won the reputation of an old-fashioned landscape painter for the literary trade. At the rocky youth of Russian poetry, new forms for self-expression were invented, and Bunin, a lover of the classics, looked conservative at Bryusov’s aphids, which brought the lyricist “wild mіs’kyh vulits”, and early Blok s yogo unbowed heroes, who are driven into the midst of life. As Maksimilian Voloshin wrote in his review, that having looked at the Bunin collection “Virsh” (1903-1906, having seen the “Knanny”), Ivan Oleksiyovich stumbled aside “in the sight of a shady rush in the gallery of the Russian verse”. At one hour, following the words of Voloshin, with a look at the painting, the poetic paintings of Bunin reached the “final points of perfection”.
The young Bunin's lyric voices the infusion of Yakov Polonsky, Apollo Maykov, Oleksiy Zhemchuzhnikov and Athanasiya Fet. Critic Kostyantin Medvedsky under an hour of analysis of the works of the laureates of the Pushkin Prize for 1903, a few quotes from the Bunin collection “Listopad”, which show the “Fet school”, - go, zokrema, about such rows: “The empty water is raging, - / Make noise and muffled, and drawling. / Grakіv prolіtnі herds / Shouting and cheerfully, and respectfully ". In addition, Ivan Oleksiyovich's co-workers sang some poetic overlays with regional views from the prose works of Turgenev and Chekhov. In the first decade of the 20th century, critics told Bunin that he would sooner “respive” and take an independent path in poetry.
The main theme in the early verses of Bunin was nature with її poru rock, “white sky” and “foxes on distant slopes”. The time has come for philosophical reflections, if in the midst of the elements of the landscape there appeared flowers and tombstones, and the lyrical hero turned to cosmic problems, starting to say goodbye to eternal food: "I'm dark, and destroying the moon, / It's bright in my eyes, like a dim, zanuren, / I'm giving up, axis-axis and I'll understand / Invisible - I'm going to Dima". Bunin's poems about the mess are not rich, but the intimate experiences of his characters became a kind of prologue to the prose works of Ivan Oleksiyovich, written richly in writing. For example, this love lyric has that sensibility that is powerful for the hero of "Mitya's kohannya" ( “I’m up to her in the night. / Vaughn slept - she shone for a month”), as well as confusion, which appears in the description of “Easy breathing” (“Pagost, a chapel over the crypt, / Vinki, icon lamps, image / I in a frame entwined with crepe, - / Great clear eyes”).
Opovіdannya and povistі
Bunin's debut as a prose writer appeared in 1893, when in the St. Petersburg magazine "Russian wealth" it was entrusted with his essay "Silsky Eskiz", which later took on a different name - "Tanka". The editor of Russkoye Bogatstvo, Mykola Mikhailovsky, wrote to the twenty-three-fold author after getting to know the manuscript, that in the course of the year he "were a great writer." At the onset of fate, in other times, there were published yogo roses Kastryuk, To the end of the world, Antonivsky apple, A little novel of the other. Critics showed interest in young Bunin’s creativity, wondered about the “poetic farby”, present in yoga prose, prote until the singing hour, people from the works of Ivan Oleksiyovich did not join the literary world as a great podium. For the respect of Korniy Chukovsky, yogi early "smelled, smelt ... that stone was rejected."
The fracture occurred after the exit of the story "Village". Bunin began to work on it in 1909, read the rhymes in literary groups, and they started talking about Twir long before the manuscript was handed over to the other. The newspaper "Birzhovі vіdomosti" (1909 No. 11348) wrote that Bunin's new tvir, imovіrno, "has called forth the discussion and controversy of the right-hander and the left-hander." The first part of the "Village" was published in the "Suchasnoy svіt" near the birch tree of 1910, and the first review appeared before the exit of the issue near the world - an observer of the newspaper "The Wound of Russia" V. Baturinsky zoomed in on the editorial office with the proof-reading version, in front of the colleague , having prepared a review, calling the story "a prominent work of this season". Critics and writers joined in the discussion about the “Selo” drive: the author was accused of “almost artistic credibility” (G. Polonsky); yogo was revered in the fact that the wine “zlyakavsya vladnyh etudiev and eskіziv” (Oleksandr Amfiteatriv); they wrote about stories as if they were talking about “a whimsical, rabidly liar book” (A. Yablonovsky). It’s quiet in the middle, who supported Bunina, the bula Zinaida Gippius, as she pointed out in the Russian Dumka magazine (1911 No. 6), that the story “Village” is suvor, simple and harmonious: “... їій svіrish is simple.”
Regardless of the severity of the other estimates, "The Village", as well as the story "Sukhodil" published next to it ("News of Europe", 1912 No. 4) secured Bunin's reputation as a demanded prose writer - his work began to be richly eager to buy goods and newspapers Seeing and Drukovano A.F. Marx” prompted the writer to lay down an agreement on the release of the latest selections of his works. A six-volume book of visions in 1915 with a significant circulation - 200,000 copies.
At the same time, Bunin's speech "Pan from San Francisco" appeared. For the wedding of Muromtsev, Ivan Oleksiyovich conceived a wine for the creation of a steamboat, which is direct from Italy. Among the passengers, a discussion began about social insecurity, and the writer, having proponed his opponent to reveal the vessel in a rozrіzі: on the upper deck people will walk and drink wine, and in the lower ones they will stink: “Which is fair?”. The rozpovid bula as a whole was kindly cited by reviewers: for example, the historian of literature Abram Derman (“Russian Dumka”, 1916, No. 5) showed in a new artist the acceptance, power of Leo Tolstoy, - for example, testing death, and Olena Koltonovsky’s writer, schoo Bunin's prose is richly vad, after the release of the "Pan from San Francisco" called Ivan Oleksiyovich "the greatest representative of the new literature." Olexandr Izmailov, more strimanously estimating this tvir, that the story of a rich 58-year-old American, who, having broken the Old World by rozva, seemed overstretched, - at the thought of criticism, it could be reconciled with the format of a small painting.
One of the rest artistic creations, written by Buninim at the pre-revolutionary time, became the description of "Legke dihannya" ("Russian Word", 1916 No. 83). The story about the high school student Olya Meshcherska, who was shot dead at the station by a Cossack officer, was invented by a writer for an hour of walks on the island of Capri, if on one of the tombstones of the wines he painted a portrait of a life-radius girl. The young heroine of the rosepovidі є that special female type, which zavzhd bov cіkaviy to Ivan Oleksiyovich, - in nіy є a riddle, scho pіdorderkovuє cholovіkіv і zmushuє їх robit reckless vchinki. Have the same gallery of fatal images of women In order to develop the natural gift of enchantment, the characters of Bunin's opi- dans "Klasha" and "Aglaya" are included, as well as the poem "Mitina Lyubov" created already in exile.
In the novel "Mitin's love", previously published in the Parisian magazine "Suchasni zapiski" (1925, Nos. 13-14) and telling about the love of the student Mitya to the student of the private theater school Katya, there are autobiographical motives. The stench is put not to the plot, but to the depths of sensibility, like a young hero, and zmushuyut guess about the mental anguish of young Bunin, who has infiltrated Varvara Pashchenko. Її risi - "change, inadequacy of feelings" - guess in the image of Katya. As Muromtseva wrote, “Nowhere did Ivan Oleksiyovich reveal his love feelings, like at Mitin’s Kohanna, diligently camouflaging them.” This story, which for stylistics guesses a great verse in prose, marks a new stage in Bunin's work:
Before Bunin, they didn’t write about kokhanny like that. Bunin's innovation lies in the fact that modern smiliness (“modernity”, as they say) in the images of the characters is more sensitive to classical clarity and thoroughness of verbal form. The experience of Mitya, endowed with supra-emotional emotion, imbued with unbearable severity, pain and bliss of the awakening of nature and himself ... - no doubt, autobiographical.
Ganna Saakyants
The book "Dark Aleys" (1943-1946), over which the writer worked at the front and the military rock, called out the ambiguous reaction of Bunin's colleagues and readers. As Glib Struve sings, calling the creations, included before the collection, “the most telling stories about love-addiction in Russian literature,” then Mark Aldanov, having introduced the author about the sheets that came to the editorial office of Novyi Zhurnal, which slandered the kilka of the novel. Behind Aldanov's words, the payers of the vidannia were overwhelmed with too erotic scenes, and the teachings were filled with a leaf from the questions: “Well, how can you? I have a squad. Before the collection, the name of which was given to the writer by the rows of Mikoli Ogaryov “Kolom shishshina red blossomed, / There were dark linden avenues”, the legends “Rusya”, “Piznya a year”, “ Cold autumn”, “Muse”, “Panyanka Klara”, “Zalіzna wool” and others.
"The Life of Arsenyev"
I conceived the novel "The Life of Arsenyev" - a book that the decision of the Swedish Academy about the Nobel Prize was awarded - Bunin's wine at the turn of the 1920s, ahead of the 15th anniversary. A little later, in 1921, the writer made notes in advance, in which he tried to create a canvas about the growth of that becoming of a person. The names of the beginning of the day were varied: “The Book of My Life”, “For the Beginning of Days”, “Unchanged Notes”. The idea was to form a sprat of rokiv, and the work without a middle began on the 27th worm, 1927. Judging by spogadiv Muromtseva, schorazu, completing the chergovy part, Ivan Oleksiyovich maw namir put the work - he stverdzhuvav, that "the life of a human being cannot be written." As a result, Bunin created five parts and "dovіv" of his hero Oleksiy Arsenyev to the twenty-year century.
The successors did not share a single thought about the genre of the Bunin novel. Literary scholar Boris Averin, having learned the history of creation, having respected that the early author's manuscripts, in which the "hidden memory" was found, allow one to speak about "The Life of Arseniev" like about memoir prose. At that very hour, the hour of making corrections, Ivan Oleksiyovich saw the distance between the heroes of the work - he changed the names and removed the text from the details, in which the episodes of his biographies were guessed. To the thought of the literary scholar Ganny Saakyants, "The Life of Arseniev" united a smattering of genres - the book intertwined artistic biography, memoirs, lyrical and philosophical prose. Literary scholar Igor Sukhikh wrote that the basis of the novel is “a poetic transformation of the past”. Bunin himself flatly asked not to take the story of Oleksiy Arsenyev as the story of the author; vin explaining that “The Life of Arseniev” is “an autobiography of a vigadan individual”.
The fifth part of the creation, which was called “Lika” on the back, was named by the followers of the head of the head: the hero himself grows up in him, which he experiences first more dearly. Trying out the love of the people from a new artist, that poet. Pripuschennya about those who are clearly kohanoi Oleksiy Arsenyev Lika є Varvara Pashchenko, repeatedly asked Muromtseva. For її words, the heroine had rice of quiet women, whom Bunin loved in different fates. For example, the name of the heroine of "The Life of Arseniev" is a great peace to the first squad of the writer - Hanna Mykolayivna Tsakni; Okremі epіzodi vіdvoryuyut vіdnosin vіdnosin, scho formed between Buninim and Muromtseva. Feel like a prote, as if Oleksiy Arsenyev is familiar with his age to Lika, rich in what he is afraid of young Bunin's experiences. The final lines of the novel (“Recently, I’ve been sleeping її uwі snі ...”) are close to recognition, as it sounded in one of the leaves of Ivan Oleksiyovich after the separation from Pashchenko: “I succumb to you » .
In “The Life of Arsenyev” by Buninim, those, about which, without knowing it, the dreams of young Arseniev, if you were eager to write and did not know what to write, are broken. Here it is shown in the simplest and most profound way, what can be shown in the art: the artist’s direct vision of the world: not understanding the visible, but the process of understanding, the process of intelligent dawn.
Vladislav Khodasevich
Journalism, students, tell me
In the pre-revolutionary period, a lot of Bunin's co-workers were hired by a more than cold, butler-like writer, with nostalgia about the known noble nests. The appearance of many polemical notes, articles and drawings, dedicated to Zhovtnevym podias, allowed the readers to talk about the other Bunin - the sly and caustic one, who took the revolution like a Russian rebellion, and yoga participants - like diyovih osib from the novel "Bisi". Behind the words of the literary scholar Oleg Mikhailov, a lot of articles by Ivan Oleksiyovich, written at that time, were similar to the monologues of Dostoevsky's characters. In the emigrant press of the 1920s, Bunin spoke with publications, in some way, on the one hand, attacking opinions on compromises with the Belarusians, and on the other hand, giving high marks to the leaders of the white movement. General Denikin, the writer, knowing especially and knowing about the new one, about the people of the gentry and the common people. Admiral Oleksandr Kolchak, following Ivan Oleksiyovych's assertions, deserving a special place in history: "The hour has come, if in golden letters ... it will be written in the history of the Russian land."
In 1925, the popular Parisian emigrant newspaper "Vidrodzhennya" began to publish verses from Bunin's students, as if they took away the name "Okayanі days". The successors pay respect to those who have received records, such as Ivan Oleksiyovich in the 1918-1920s, respect those who have been submitted to the book version. The scribe, having prepared for another, is not so calendar-like, like a mosaic workbook, which includes impersonal disparate fragments. The first part of the "Cursed Days" is made up of a lot of miniature overlays, which create a wild atmosphere in the post-revolutionary Moscow: a writer fixes the texts of street posters, newspaper headlines, and replicas of passers-by. The image of the place is created as a flurry of flutters with a natovpu osib, which flickers with a kaleidoscopic swirl, like in an instant photograph. In the other part, which tells the fate of Odessa in 1919, there are short rhymes and notes.
Buv V. Kataev (young writer). The cynicism of these young people is directly name-calling. Kazav: “For a hundred thousand, I’ll kill anyone. I want goodness, I want mother garni kapelyuh, miraculous laces ... "Viyshov z Kataevim, to walk, and rapt on the whilinus with the essence of the enchantment of spring, which the fate (forward in life) did not see.
I. A. Bunin. Cursed days
From the other half of the 1920s, the political force, having started step by step to go from Bunin's journalism - the writer turned his attention to literary-critical articles and memoirs, published the book "Tolstoy's Tolstoy" (1937), wrote drawings about Semyonov-Tyan-Shansky and poets' memoirs , which were left unfinished and seen by Muromtseva after the death of Ivan Oleksiyovich. A lot of polemicalness turned before Bunin for an hour of work on the book “Tell me”, which was published in 1950, - in her, according to the thought of the elders, a writer demonstrating that temperament, which was almost always after the revolution. As if Andriy Sedikh had spoken, who had seen Ivan Oleksiyovich in Paris in the spring of 1949, one day the master of the booth read to the guests the lines from the “Spogadiv” that had not yet been completed. Teffi's writer and Georgy Adamovich sings, as if they were reading, they recognized the singing sum'yatt in the presence of quiet hard assessments, like Bunin giving riches to his co-workers. Sivikh tried to help the situation with the phrase: “Good man, Ivan Oleksiyovich! Usikh caressed.
Shift
Bunin, who left the gymnasium after the fourth grade, gradually engaged in self-illumination. So, at the sixteenth century vіtsі vіn, having started seriously viciously English language, and in mature years - for the sake of reading and translating the works of Adam Mickiewicz - independently mastering Polish. The debut of Ivan Oleksiyovich as a translation was seen in the other half of the 1880s. He himself knew from time to time that, having taken up the transfer to the Russian language of Shakespeare's tragedy "Hamlet", "torturing himself over him with an unimaginable and ever greater malodour". In different periods of life, Bunin turned like translations to Byron's dramas, Tennyson's verses, Petrarch's sonnets, Heine's lyrical works.
Bunin's translation of the song "A Song about Hiawatha", earlier than the publications in the newspaper "Orlovsky Visnik" in 1896, was called "highly poetic" by critics. Prote "Pisnya ..." is not the only tvir of the American poet, which brought Ivan Oleksiyovich to the fore. In 1901, a translation of Henry Longfellow's verse "Psalm of Life" was published. Textual analysis, carried out by linguists, showing that two of Bunin's works were won in different ways. As if, when translating the text, I sing, in the basis of which - legends and retellings of Indians, translating, having saved the intonation of the first work, then in the “Psalm of Life” they brought in the same poetic motifs: Follow our path." The difference in the approaches of linguistics is explained by the “artistic nature” of the originals, as they set the framework for the translation of the songs, or they allow you to go beyond them.
Originality of creativity. Innovation. infusion
Bunin, the creative handwriting of which, having begun to take shape at the turn of the XIX and XX centuries, was far away from the currents that were vindicated at that time, and having taken into account oneself freely in the flow of any literary schools. Historians called Yogo one of the most "hard-to-find artists", who, when trying to figure out Yogo's creative method, blamed various options, including "realistic symbolism", "invisible realism", "attached modernism". The author of the monograph about Bunin, Yury Maltsev, having taken into account that Ivan Oleksiyovich is a prose writer, who articulated the pose with the most obvious cultural directives, and gave the philologist Tamara Nikonoviy a reason to respect: Ivan Oleksiyovych’s spadshchina has no “unified system, which explains everything about systems”.
robotic system
Textologists, reading Bunin's manuscripts, have raised respect, sho vin, ring out, starting the work on the devil's work without future plans. The writer does not paint the schemes that show the characters in return, without thinking through the blackness of the divisions - quickly creating the finished story, polishing it and finishing it, achieving the exact intonation and maximum variety. Some yogo rozpovidi were popularized mittevo (for example, Bunin wrote “Easy Dihannya” from “wonderful shvidkistyu”); inode for jokes necessary word The years have passed and the days have passed: “I start writing, I show the simplest phrase, I guess quickly what I’ll do to the whole phrase, saying something like Lermontov, or Turgenev. I turn the phrase in a different way, vulgarity comes out. Tsya foldable robot was seen already at that hour, if the process of creation was launched, like the author’s witness, the story was formed, and the sound, rhythm, melody of roses were formed.
Creative evolution
For a decade Bunin's creative handwriting changed. Yogo early rospovidi, Nemov were born from yogo early verses, were lyrical and may be devoid of spirits. So do it, like "Antonov's Apple", "Golden Bottom", "New Road", elegiac, subtle and musical, and their references are a spy and a poster, who guesses the hero of poetic works. In the first half of the 1910s, the plot basis of Bunin's works became rather complicated, even though the writer, like earlier, did not jump to the "evil cicada" or the hoarseness of the opovid, - on the first plan of the moreover, for the creation of a specific history, the writer spent an hour getting a few everyday episodes. Todi Gorky, evaluating the rhythm and intonation of Ivan Oleksiyovich’s words, saying: “Beginning to write prose like that, I can say about something else: the best stylist of modernity - there will be no overkill here.”
At the time of the First World War, the themes of Bunin's works expanded - other lands, culture and civilizations moved to the sphere of his interests. Among the heroes of yoga are a Ceylon rickshaw ("Brothers"), who is experiencing through the loss of his name, an American millionaire, who is dying in a hotel on Capri ("Pan from San Francisco"), a young German teaching, such a dream to write his name in history science ("Otto Stein"). During this period, Bunin’s works had a social pathos, and their creation, for the author’s exclusion, was accompanied by internal “journalistic monologues”: “Woe to you, Babylon, miserable mіtsne!” - these terrible words of the Apocalypse sounded inaccessibly in my soul, if I wrote "Brothers" and sang "Pan from San Francisco". In emigration, social motives practically came from Bunin’s work, the writer turned anew to open up the inner light of a human being, but even from a different perspective, after linking to a specific historical era: they were shaken by love ideal". At the thought of the literary scholar Olga Slivitskaya, Bunin’s prose editor at the right moment began to fit into the model “Space and the soul of a person”, if the hero in that hour replaced “a person as a part of the All-World”.
Bunin's words are widely read: “There is no human being around us, nature is the skin of the wind and the hand of our blessed life.” Likewise, like an atom, a part of the sleepy system is incredibly small, repeating in itself the entire structure, so the human being resists the Cosmos, and includes yoga in itself.
Elements of innovation
Ivan Nazhivin's letter to the novel-pamphlet "Neglibokoshanovny!" (Harbin, 1935) stating a retelling of claims addressed to Bunin. In the opinion of Nazhivina, the Nobel laureate, having not created a type or image like that, could have entered the history of Russian literature like Natasha Rostova, Liza Kalitina, Eugene Onegin, Taras Bulba, Raskolnikov, Khlestakov, Oblomov and other heroes. Bunin’s characters are “calamutny plyami, primari, words”, stverzhuvin Nazhivin. Literary researcher Tetyana Marchenko, speaking on the basis of this zakidi, respected that all guessed types and archetypes of Nazhivinim were representatives of the singing hour of the social middle ground. Bunin - possibly, unperceived - having developed your own characters, albeit with the improvement of "incomprehensible abilities": "not Tetyana, separated from Oneginim, but Tetyana, who got together with Buyanov chi Ivan Petushkov thinly. to the inexhaustibility of artistic manifestation.
So, the experience of the hero of "Mitya's Kokhannya" is associated with the suffering of Goethe's Werther, who pulls the trigger through the special drama. And just like Werther culminates in self-destruction through "worldly sorrow", then the hero of Bunin - through "worldly happiness". Vіn іde z zhiznі z "radiznim zіtkhannyam", to that too much torment by earthly trials. Not long before his death, Mitya smells the music from Charles Gounod's opera Faust, saturate himself with light, which is coming - and at the same moment you see the unparalleled lightness and freedom in suffering. One of the phrases proclaimed by the heroes - “Ah, if everything is skinned!” - sounds like the antithesis of the hundred-faustian viguku “Zupinya, mit: you are miraculous!” With whom, Ivan Oleksiyovich is also building a "stringing to kill" - he was robbed in such inscriptions, like "Sonyachny blow" and "Ida". Behind the words of Yuri Maltsev, "„ mite- That new loneliness of the hour, how to introduce Bunin into Russian prose.
Another one of his own works of Bunin is the appearance in his prose of short ones, which make up miniatures of zamalovok, as the literary critic Ivan Ilyin called. dreams”, and Yuri Maltsev - “fragments”. A significant part of them (among them "Veal Head", "Cranes", "The Hunchback's Romance", "First Class") was presented in the book "Suchasni Zapiski" (Paris, 1931), de stinks look like an episode from the great, stringy, rich-voiced creation. Sometimes the stench catches on like short butt anecdotes, sometimes like travel notes, but always “fragments” and complete creation.
In Bunin's verse "Giordano Bruno", written in 1906, there are rows, which are rich in what the author's light is attributed to: "At my joy - zavzhda tightness, / At uzі zavzhda - taєmnicha nasolod!" Similar antinomy allowed the writer to create impersonal contrasting words (the dictionary of yoga epithets has about 100,000 words), which show that people can simultaneously coexist right along with emotions, passions and experiences: ”, “mockingly-wisely cuckooing”, “plaintively-radisny heather”, “taymnicho-bіtlі netrі”, “sufferingly-happy suffocation”, “bagly-svyatkovo”, “speck-cold wind”, “good luck”, “unhappy good luck”, “Jah zakhoplennya”, “radial anger”, “zakhopleno ridal”.
One of the peculiarities of the mature Bunin's creativity was to organize rapt finals in the works. For example, the ear of Rus' (1940), which, with the help of a nameless hero, who, if he had been taught by a tutor at the station near Podolsk, looked like a big one: a train rattle, a linear dialogue between a passenger and a squad, a conductor with a lighter. However step by step the crisis of intonation is repaired by the appearance of mysticism. The hero of the thought is gone in the past, and that very magic is "enchantingly rozkvita". Then a girl-artist appears at Yogo’s witness, Marusya is the right one. The short story speaks to the roots of something in Russia, something to the mermaids, that same heroine herself, who lives in the middle hurts, “painting, navit іkonopisna”. Forgotten is the history of a 20-year-old kokhannya that ended with a dramatic breakup, the train's ridges are turning into "beautiful miles", which chimed.
Malovnichist prosy
Literary scholars gave respect to Bunin's prose malovnichestvo. So, Oleg Mikhailov wrote that for some Bunin epics of the 1910s, Mikhailo Nesterov was the best illustrator for a moment. A gallery of martyrs and righteous people created by the writer (among them are the farm laborer Averky from "The Thin Grass", the crooked female Anissia from the "Merry Yard", the sentimental servant Arseniy from the "Saints", the dignified beauty Aglaya from the one-name description). Russia. soul of the people."
According to Tetyana Marchenko, there is also a lot of controversy between the Bunin landscapes and the robots of Viktor Vasnetsov, for which the writer knows especially. Prote for internal light, the prose of Ivan Oleksiyovich is closer to the paintings of Mikhail Vrubel. For example, yoga robot “Pan” (just like “Bogatir”, “Blakit”, “Queen of the Volkhov”) mimics the pagan element of explanation “Rus” with a greater world, lower Vasnetsov’s “Olenka”, vvazha Marchenko. Vasnetsov's painting, which depicts a girl who sits overgrown with sedge waters, kindly speaks from the splendid "Rus", even as "Pan" allows "to look into the mystery of the essence of speeches."
infusion
Speaking of splurges, as they appear in Bunin's prose, the latter often cite the nicknames of Leo Tolstoy, Chekhov, Turgenev, Gogol. On the thought of Oleg Mikhailov, Bunin's image of a person is rich in richness and inexhaustibility - rich in some way from Tolstoy's statement about "plainness of character." Critic Oleksandr Izmailov wrote that Ivan Oleksiyovych is “one of the richest bewitched, enchanted, and buried by Chekhov”. In Bunin’s early plotless descriptions of criticism, either the intonations of Turgeniv’s verses in prose, or the voice of the author lyrical openings at the poem "Dead Souls". Bunin himself wrote that for all his love to Russian literature, he “had not inherited anyone.” If the literary scholar Petro Bitsilli has lost his respect for the deak likeness of "Mitya's kohannya" with Tolstoy's work "The Devil", he obeys with the words "And I show you what a skin, who marvel at a woman with greed, but having made love from her in his heart", Ivan Oleksiyovich vіdpovіv: "Of course, without Tolstoy, without Turgenev, without Pushkin, we would not have written like this, as we write ... And if you talk about the conquest of Tolstoy herself, then what is it?"
Critics of those deacons Bunin's colleagues affirmed that in his creative work such a number of attached quotations, reminiscences and images, similar to Russian classics, were chosen, that one can speak of "elementary epigonism". For example, Nina Berberova affirmed that Ivan Oleksiyovich "created beautifully in primitive forms, ready-made and already worn out." To those who told the writer in “oversleeping” that “revision of traditions”, the literary scholar Yuri Lotman respected: “In this perspective, Bunin the innovator is revealed, which is to continue the great classical tradition in the era of modernism, to rewrite the whole for that tradition anew".
Vіdnosini iz suchasniki
Bunin and Gorky
For ten years, the name of Bunin was often guessed - in a different context - instructed by Gorky. In the їhnіh vіdnosinah, the last ones see a number of key stages: the period of step-by-step approach (the cordon of the XIX and XX centuries) changed by the hour to achieve a significant split (1900s), then the buv rose (1917) with . estimates. Acquaintance of writers at Yalta in 1899; zgіdno z Bunin's memoirs, Gorky, nalashtovaniya in a sentimental way, with the first zustrіch saying: "Look at the rest of the writer of the nobility, tієї culture, yak gave light to Pushkin and Tolstoy." A few days later, Ivan Oleksiyovich sent Gorky his book “Under the open sky”; leafing began, which happened close to the eighteenth century.
Reviews on the early works of Bunin at the side of Oleksiy Maksimovich were overwhelmingly good-natured. For example, after reading the poem “Antonivsky apple”, Gorky wrote: “It’s good. Here Ivan Bunin, like a young god, fell asleep. Showing sympathy for Oleksiy Maksimovich, Bunin dedicating his poem “Falling Leaves” to you. Gorky, with his own calling, asking a young writer to become a specialist in the journal Zhittya; Then, having been fascinated by him, the publishing house of "Knowledge" began to issue a selection of Bunin's works. Beginning in 1902, the names of Gorky and Bunin often stood in the newspaper news: writers were respected by representatives of one and the same literary group; Ivan Oleksiyovych in view of the premiers of the vistas put behind the dogs of Oleksiy Maksimovich.
In 1909, the brothers of Bunin and Muromtsev violated the rise in price of Italy. On the island of Capri, the couple saw Gorky, who, having lived there, spoke about the message addressed to Katherine Peshkov, respecting that Ivan Oleksiyovich, like before, was more active and quiet, “to his serious attitudes to literature and words.” Muromtseva, thinking about the old dialogues at the Spinola villa, meant that at that time Oleksiy Maksimovich and that person “were marveled in a rich way in a different way, but still they loved the smut stench in a fair way.”
The rest of the son of Bunin and Gorky was seen at the quarter of 1917 in Petrograd. With the help of Ivan Oleksiyovich, on the day of his departure from the capital, Oleksiy Maksimovich organized a great gathering at the Mikhailovsky Theater, presenting special guests at them - Bunin and Fyodor Shalyapin. The audience in the hall gave Ivan Oleksiyovich a vague (like Gorky's speech, stunned to the audience and began with the word "Comrades!"), but the stench parted as a whole amicably. In the first post-revolutionary days, Gorky arrived in Moscow and, having revealed the bazhannya sustritisya with Buninim, he asked the latter to pass through Katerina Peshkova, saying that “I see the blue with him forever finished.”
From that hour, Gorky became Bunin’s opponent in absentia: in the journalists of the 1920s, Ivan Oleksiyovich thought about him more importantly than about the “propagandist of the Radian power”. Oleksiy Maksimovich also remotely argued with a great friend: at the sheet sent to his secretary Pyotr Kryuchkov, he respected that Bunin "wildly looked at him". In the next sheet, addressed to Kostyantin Fedin, Gorky gave a few more assessments to the emigrant writers: “B. Zaytsiv mediocrely write the lives of the saints. Shmelov is unbearably hysterical. Kuprin do not write - p'є. Bunin rewrote the "Kreutzer Sonata" under the title "Mitya's Love". Aldanov also copied L. Tolstoy.
Bunin and Chekhov
Bunin, having written a few sketches about A.P. Chekhov, including in his “Speak” an okremium about Anton Pavlovich and planning to prepare a great work, dedicated to you. Behind the paths of Muromtseva, in the 1950s, there was a man with a zoom Refill Chekhov’s works, published by Derzhlitvidav, as well as a book, in which the first sheet was published: “We re-read them ... At sleepless nights, Ivan Oleksiyovich ... robbed notes on paper paper, and sometimes wound on cigarette boxes - making conversations with Chekhov.” The first sound was born in Moscow in 1895, and the rapprochement began in 1899, when Bunin arrived to Yalta. To finish off the shvidko, Ivan Oleksiyovich, having become his own man in Chekhov's booth, sings at your dacha in Autz, navit at those days, if Anton Pavlovich is at the sight. In the memoirs of Bunin, he knew that none of his fellow writers had such warm stosunkivs as those of Chekhov. Anton Pavlovich, having invented for his comrade a hot prizvisko - “Pan Marquis Bukishon” (inodі simply “Marquis”), and calling himself “autsky helper”.
Behind the words of Mikoli Teleshov, who saw Chekhov before his journey to Badenweiler, Anton Pavlovich already knew about his deadly ailment. Saying goodbye, I asked the participants of the literary group “Seredovishche” to bow down, and also to convey to Bunin, who “wrote and wrote”: “Third great writer Viide. Also, tell him to look at me. Don't forget." About Chekhov's death, Ivan Oleksiyovich, who, after rebuking the snail of 1904 in the village of Ognivka, recognized from the newspaper: "I fired up її ... - and with a raptom, like a knife, the razor slashed to the heart." after reading the manuscript written by Ivan Oleksiyovich, Gorky pointed out that he had drawn about Anton Pavlovich writings about Anton Pavlovich even better.
The successors tried to attribute Chekhov's influence to Bunin's creativity. Thus, the writer Valeriy Heydeko has given up respect for the poetic nature of the prose of that and the other, “the rhythmic organization of the mov”, the power of both writers, and also the pressure to impressionism. Literary scholar Oleg Mikhailov, navpak, having confirmed that the creative handwriting of Chekhov and Bunin is of a different kind - the writers have no thematic, no stylistic controversy; the only thing that brings them closer - tse "straight spilnyh poshukiv". Chekhov himself, in one of the roses from Buninim, stating that the stench is “similar, like a Hort to a hound”: “I could not steal a single word from you. You are rіzkіshi for me. You write: “the sea smelled of kavun” ... It’s wonderful, but I wouldn’t say that.
Bunin and Nabokov
The notes of Bunin and Volodymyr Nabokov are interpreted differently by the writers. If the literary scholar Maxim Shraier develops in them the “poetics of supernativity”, then the philologist Olga Kirillina shows similarities on the level of the “nervous system and blood circulation”. The meeting of two writers for a trivaly hour was in absentia. Naprikintsі 1920 to the fate of Nabokov's father - Volodymyr Dmitrovich - asking Ivan Oleksiyovich to evaluate the verse written in the Berlin newspaper "Rul". Bunin at Vidpovid, having corrected Nabokov, is not only a warm, underdog leaf, but also his book “Pan from San Francisco”. The listing began, until the spring of 1921, the twenty-year-old Volodymyr Nabokov, who published under the pseudonym Volodymyr the Sirin, turned on. At his first leaf, he sings-pochatkіvets, calling Bunin "the only writer, who in our blues era can calmly serve the beautiful."
In 1926, Nabokov's first novel "Mashenka" was born, which, according to the thought of the doslednikov, is Volodymyr Volodymyrovich's "Naybunin" creation. On the copy given to Bunin, the author wrote: “Do not judge me harshly, I beg you. With all your soul, V. Nabokov.” Three years later, Nabokov, having released the collection of "Chorba's Turn", edited Bunin's book with the inscription: "To the Great Master in the form of diligent learning." Ivan Oleksiyovich was consecrated on the side of the confession "Resentment" (1931). Very positively, Volodymyr Volodymyrovich reacted to the Nobel Prize awarded to Bunin - in the telegram, inscriptions at Grasse, it was written: “I am so happy that you took it away!” For example, in 1933, the first writer of two writers - Bunin arrived to Berlin on the way, vlashtovaniya publicist Josip Gessen, and at the hour of urochisty got to know Nabokov especially.
Let's start a cooling period. For the respect of Olga Kirillina, the marriage of letters, which changed, and the darches of Nabokov's writings - from them a lot of suffocation of recognition arose, and the others became intonations. Having released the novel “Request for Strata” (1936), he wrote on the volume edited by Bunin: “To dear Ivan Oleksiyovich Bunin with the best regards for the author.” There was no re-spreading, although there was a build-up of strife between each other. The tension was created - zokrema - through public tests of emigrant skills to determine who among the writers should have a place in the literary Olympia. For example, in the other half of the 1930s, Mark Aldanov called out to Bunin to recognize that the first had passed to Nabokov.
In the autobiographical book "Our Take Care" (1954), Nabokov spoke about one of the stars from Buninim, which happened in 1936 in a Parisian restaurant. Ivan Oleksiyovych was the initiator. Having offended Nabokov with an important hostility: “It’s a pity, I can’t stand restaurants, burners, snacks, music - those sincere conversations. Bunin buv santalicheny my baiduzhistyu to hazel grouse and my vіdmovoy vіdmovoy soul. Until the last offense, we were already unbearably tedious one by one. The same fragment - with real changes - Nabokov included and before another version of his suggestions - "Remember, tell me." Behind the words of Maxim Shraier, this speaker demonstrated that creative dialogues between writers had ended, and like human stench, one kind of one was far away.
Prote їhnє literary supernity trivalo, and vyhіd book "Dark Aley" becoming, on Shraєra's thought, Bunіn's attempt "zvnyat rahunok іz Nabokovym". In one of the leaves, inscribed not long before the war, the American Slavist Elizaveta Malozemova, Ivan Oleksiyovich respected: "Yakbi would not be less, there would not be a Sirina." Approximately in the same period, Nabokov, who in a written interview was asked to tell about Bunin's influence on his creativity, having advised not to enter into the succession of Ivan Oleksiyovich. In 1951, the rozі in New York was getting prepared for the appointment of the great tenant Bunin. Mark Aldanov urged Nabokov to read some sort of twir of a jeweler that evening. Nabokov in a letter speech:
You know, I am not a great chanuvalnik. A. I appreciate yoga verses, but prose ... chi pogad in alei ... You think that you have 80 fates, that you are guilty of ailments. You are richly kind and indulgent for me - ale see me in my camp: how do you speak to me before buying more or less well-known jewelry, that is rich in gold, a word about a person, yak, in all its warehouse, I’m a stranger, I’m a prose writer, I’m a prose lower than Turgenev?
Bunin and Kataev
Valentin Kataev, like Nabokov, was a great man of letters, who learned more from the lessons of Bunin. Sіmnadtsyatirіchniy Kataev, which had a stronger feeling about the works of Ivan Oleksiyovich as a poet Oleksandr Fedorov, in 1914 he himself came to Bunin, which was at that hour in Odessa. Soon, telling about the acquaintance with the writer at the book “Grass of Forgetfulness”, Valentin Petrovich guessed that “a forty-brown pan, dry, chewy, blackberry” appeared before him, robes at the pants, sewn at the garnet hem, and English yellow boots. Galina Kuznetsova, in her student notes, noted that Bunin also remembers well the moment when a young man appeared in his booth, which, having seen you, he sings from the top and directly saying: “I am writing ... I inherit you.”
The audience was short, but if for two days Kataev came to Ivan Oleksiyovich for a break, his life became “first marvel”: Bunin urged you to know the hour for the dodatkovo rozmovi. From this moment began їhnє splkuvannya, which happened - intermittently - until 1920. In 1915, Kataev’s rozі, dedicating to Bunin the verse “And the days flow with a gloomy black.” Across the river, the newspaper "Pivdenna Dumka" published a small tvir, which had rows: " And at home - that tea is full of goodwill. / Sonnet, slanders in front of the day, / So, in draft... Thoughtful Verlaine, / Speech Blok and self-sufficient Bunin».
If, in 1918, the brothers of Bunin and Muromtsev, together with the other refugees, went to Odesa, the zustrіchs became practically generous: Kataev, bringing new verses to the writer, and that richly working on his manuscripts, robbed badges, making corrections, giving encouragement, among others, reading additional ones. "Initiation in learning," after the words of Valentin Petrovich, was more than enough after that, as I felt the first praise from Bunin. Kataev, becoming a member of the Odessa literary group "Seredovishche", at the meetings of such a present Ivan Oleksiyovich. Rozmovy there were carried out even more freely, and Bunin fixed them with a student. On Dumuka, Sergia Schargunova's writing, Porivnyuvavov Bunіnski, Schojnі recording Z Tim Vіant, Scho Bouv pіdovnaparation for the book "Okayanі Dnі", Іv Oleksіyovich Svіdomo Vilibbia O. Didno-the editor of the Deviki Dosji Dosji Kataivskі Replіki - writing not wanting "Pіdstavyi" L_Teetechnika "Rosії". While staying with France, Muromtseva sorted through the archives, and in the middle of the numerical envelopes, she revealed a sheet in Kataev “from the white front”, dating back to 1919. Vono began with the words: "Dear teacher Ivan Oleksiyovich."
Bunin, leaving Odessa on the Sparta steamboat, did not dare to say goodbye to his studies before leaving: he had fallen ill with typhus in 1920 and spent it to the hospital, and in the end - like a huge tsar's officer - at the camp. The stench didn't stink anymore. With whom, Ivan Oleksiyovich stalked for the creativity of Kataev - for the words of Muromtseva, having reviewed the book “Biliє vetrilo samotnє” (as the author suggested “to capture the plot of Pinkerton with the artistry of Bunin”), the writer read it out loud, with comments: “Is it possible? ". In 1958, the Katayevs, together with the retinue of Esther Davidivna, saw Vira Mykolaivna in Paris. Muromtseva recounted that Valentin Petrovich had become a young man forever, Bunin could not immediately reveal that his student had become a father: “Ivan Oleksiyovich felt like it was namingly: children of Vali Kataeva!”.
For Kataev, he is no less a Teacher, but an artistic idol in his own way, an incarnation of some kind of artistic ideal ... “Write kindly” for Kataev - tse zavzhdi meant “write, like Bunin.” (Incidentally, not inheriting Bunin, not copying it, not reflecting his manner, but, as far as possible, reaching the same stereoscopic volume and accuracy in his descriptions, showing it is important to know for the skin one’s own optics.
Benedict Sarnov
Bunin and writers-emigrants
Bunin reported singing zusil to the point of helping some Russian writers to move to France. Among them, Oleksandr Kuprin is a writer, the creative worker of the formation of which was born in the years of Ivan Oleksiyovich. These stosunki were not bezkhmarny - as Muromtseva wrote, "here Dostoyevsky himself got to know, so that he could understand everything." In 1920, having arrived in Paris, Kuprin settled in the same house where Bunin lives, and navit on one version with him. Possibly, the susіdstvo іnоdі hаd lіvаn Olekіyovichа, thаt sounded clearly tо plan thе working day аnd fussiness fоr the constant visits of the guests, yаkі came to Kuprіn. Prote, having won the Nobel Prize, Bunin brought 5000 francs to Oleksandr Ivanovich. Following the words of Kuprin's daughter Ksenia Oleksandrivna, many pennies have already helped their homeland, the financial camp that was collapsible. Kuprin's return to the Soviet Socialist Republic in 1937 called out a great resonance in the emigrants' middle - thoughts about yoga were divided. Bunin, on the vіdmіnu vіd іdіkіkh colleagues, vіdmovivsya to sue the “old ailment of the people”. In his memoirs, he described Kuprin as if he were an artist, to whom “warm kindness to everything that is alive” was powerful.
For the recommendation of Bunin, in 1923 he also moved to Paris, Boris Zaitsev, a prose writer, at the Moscow booth of Ivan Oleksiyovich, when he got to know Muromtseva. For a long time, Zaitsev and Bunin quarreled more strongly, got into literary one-mindedness, took part in the activities of the French Writers' Compilation. If Stockholm received a call about the awarding of Ivan Oleksiyovich the Nobel Prize, Zaitsev was one of the first to speak about this hugeness, passing the term novelty under the heading "Bunin vinchaniy" to the newspaper "Renaissance". Serious welding between writers in 1947 rotated, if Ivan Oleksiyovich Viyshov zі Spilki pisannyv in protest against the exclusion from the new quiet, who in the epoch of the war won the acceptance of the radyansk community. At once, Leonid Zurov, Oleksandr Bakhrakh, Georgy Adamovich, Vadim Andreev left the union. Zaitsev, as the head of this organization, did not praise Bunin's toppings. Vіn namagavsya razumіtisya with him in writing, prote dialogues brought to the residual rozryv.
Bunin lived in and for the relocation of the prose writer Ivan Shmelov. The closeness of the writers was observed in the post-revolutionary period, if both of them supported the Odessa newspaper Pivdenne Slovo. Zalyshayuchi Russia, Bunin otrimav vіd Shmelov entrusted to see his books there. In 1923, Shmelov moved to France and lived for a few months - in the help of Ivan Oleksiyovich - in yoga villa in Grasse; there vin pratsyuvav over the book "Sun of the Dead". These stosunki were nervous for an hour, in different situations the stench acted like an opponent. For example, in 1927, following the release of Peter Struve from the newspaper "Vidrodzhennya", Bunin was inspired to take part in the activities of this vision; Shmelov vvazhav that such a pіdhіd vigіdny yogo opponents. In 1946, Ivan Sergiyovich put himself in a negative position until Bunin met with the Radianian ambassador Oleksandr Bogomolovym. Differences in income to certain life meals were also reflected in creativity: thus, arguing with Bunin's doorway when describing the feelings of the hero in "Mitya's Kohanna", Shmelov at his book "History of Love" (1927) demonstrating an unacceptable "greed". Bunin's book "Dark Alley" Shmielov took it like pornography.
With the poet-acmeist Georgiy Adamovich Bunin at the pre-revolutionary time, he did not speak. For the wedding of Adamovich, having once greeted Ivan Oleksiyovich at the St. Petersburg artistic cafe "Halt of Comedians", he did not try to get acquainted, for the founder of the school of acmeism, Mykola Gumilyov, did not make "possible third-party infusions." At Francia Adamovich, who seriously engaged in literary criticism, dedicating a number of works to Bunin; the same commendably reacting to the reviews of Georgiy Viktorovich. Prote z low key nutrition, especially during the war split in the emigrant middle, Bunin and Adamovich acted like one of the same mind. After the death of Ivan Oleksiyovich, Georgy Viktorovich supported the widow of the writer, advised Muromtsev for an hour of work on the clues about Bunin, and protected the opponents.
Bunin's acquaintance with the poet Vladislav Khodasevich in 1906, prote before moving to France, they were superficial. In the emigration, there was a closeness, Bunin, having asked Vladislav Felitsianovich to Grasse, in the other half of the 1920s, the writers corresponded. The cooling off became after the fact that the review of the Bunin collection "Selected Virsh", written in 1929, Khodasevich gave a high rating to Ivan Oleksiyovich as a prose writer and great striman - like a poet. Volodymyr Nabokov, in one of the lists of the retinue, spoke about seeing the Parisian cafe of Mur in 1936: Bunin yoga to hate. The successors affirmed that, now, Ivan Oleksiyovich had helped Vladislav Felitsianovich a penny, chatted at literary visits, exchanged books.
The writer Nina Berberova in the book “Kursiv my” (1972) guessed about Bunin like a person who was ambitious, dexterous, and smart. The conflict began in 1927, when Khodasevich and Berberov's team arrived at the Belvedere villa near Gras. Judging from the students of Muromtseva, Nina Mikolayivna sang at the master of the villa, receiving an indignant expression: “Simple, sweet, vihovana.” At the time of the war, Berberova, together with Boris Zaitsev, took the fate of the archivist of the Bunin archive, which was saved from the Turgenev library. At the time of the war, Bunin and Berberova, as having appointed the literary scholar Maxim Shraier, appeared "at the guardian camps of the Russian emigration." In her own words, Berberova wrote: “I’m hoping to fall apart, and for Bunin, starting from that day ... if S.K. Makovsky went after him, to take Yogo to the Radyansky ambassador Bogomolov, drink for Stalin’s health.”
Share archive
The archives of Bunin appeared fragmented. In the early 1918 year, Ivan Oleksiyovich, leaving Muromtseva Moscow at once, handing over a significant part of his documents (earlier they were saved from the Moscow affiliated bank Lyonsky Credit) to his elder brother. With me to Odessa, and then to Paris, Bunin took only a few materials, including the leaves of those young students. Yuliy Oleksiyovich died in 1921. Buninsky pre-revolutionary manuscripts, photographs, nibbles, magazines and newspaper publications with reviews of critics, which were lost in yoga booth, books with gift writings were transferred to the transfer of Mikoli Pusheshnikov, the mother of whom fell to his cousin Ivan Oleksiovich. Pusheshnikov pishov from the life of 1939. From the beginning of the 1940s, the family began to transfer manuscripts and autographs to the Central State Archive of Literature and Mystery and other state collections. In addition, the deacons squandered the documents from the Pusheshnikovs to private collections.
In France, a new archive of Bunin was formed, which was left after the death of the writer from his widow. At the rock of the early "Vidliga" Muromtsev, it was necessary to overpower with small batches of human material Radian Union- the stench came to the TsDALI, the Institute of Light Literature named after O. M. Gorky, the Sovereign Literary Museum and other institutions. After the death of Vira Mykolaivna in 1961, Leonid Zurov became the archivist of the archives, who, in his line, gave orders to the Edinburgh University of Militse Grin. At the beginning of the 1970s, she shipped dozens of boxes from Paris to Edinburgh with various materials and the distribution of several years, she was engaged in their description and systematization; It’s just a catalog, which creates a copy of the documents taken away by her, consisting of 393 sides. Under the editorship of the Militsa Grin, he scribbled the light of the three-volume book “Mouths of the Bunins” (Frankfurt-on-Main, “Posiv”, 1977-1982), in order to avenge the recordings of Ivan Oleksiyovich and Viry Mykolaivny. Militsya Grin, who died in 1998, transferred the archives of Bunin to Leeds University for her life.
Bunin perebuvav under the sawy respect of the Radian censorship for a decade. Two years later, after the release of a writer from Russia, the Head Office was founded on the right of literature and publishers (Golovlit) - a body that exercised control over all the crafted products that were seen in the SRSR. The first circular, issued by Golovlit, punishing the fence for "importation from behind the cordon ... creating, like a fortune-telling character to the Radian power." In 1923, a secret bulletin was published in the censorship department, which sent a report review of books written by immigrant writers. Bunin was guessed at the document. Spivrobitnik Golovlita, who, having prepared a conclusion, stating what pre-revolutionary works were included in the “Scream” collection (Berlin, the “Slovo”, 1921), cannot be admitted to another, because the author of “naturalistic explanations” tried to “know” in them unmasking a revolutionary catastrophe".
In 1923, Petro Oreshyn sang in the almanac "The Village in Russian Poetry", in which he chose the songs of Bunin, Balmont and other authors. The political editor to Derzhvidav, having looked at the manuscript version of the book, punishing all the works of emigrant poets from it. The reworking of the “Village…” didn’t work, seeing it didn’t make the light shine. There was some help to the ideological attitudes in the neo-Povian period, if the former cooperatives tried to outrage a lot of Bunin's works, including "Pan from San Francisco" and "Chang's Dreams". The censors' inscriptions were counted for that hour. For example, Glavlit did not recommend until the release of “Mitin Love”, that “the author of її is an emigrant-bіlogvardієts”, a protest story, written in Paris, in 1926 it was published in the Leningrad publishing house “Pribіy”.
Even more zhorstki come in whenever writers-emigrants live in the 1920s Golovpolitprosvit, creations under the People's Commissariat of Education. Tsya setting periodically carried out a revision of libraries, allowing for their "counter-revolutionary literature." The lists that were promoted by the Derzhpolitprosvit and accompanied by the “clear the fondi” invariably featured the name of Bunin. After 1928, no books were seen in the SRSR for three decades. Anatoly Lunacharsky, the people's commissar of enlightenment, spoke about the position of the Radyansk government, Anatoly Lunacharsky, who told the journal "News of Foreign Literature" (1928 No. 3), that Bunin was "a helper ... who knows what class to live in".
The progressive turn of the works of Ivan Oleksiyovich to the Radyansky chitach began to fall into the fate of the "in the league" - so, in 1956, a selection of his works was seen in five volumes, which included almost all of that description, written in pre-revolutionary Russia, and in France. In 1961, the almanac "Taruska storinki" was released in Kalusia, which drew Paustovsky's drawing "Ivan Bunin". Vihіd zbіrki having caused the call of the head editor of the Kaluz book publishing house; the director of the enterprise took off the dogan "for wasting saw." In the next ten years, a significant part of the writer's creative work (including the novel "The Life of Arsenyev" and the book "Dark Aley") became accessible to the Radianian reader. The book "Okayanі dnі" has become redolent with vinjat, a kind of publishing less like the 1980s in a few magazines.
Bunin and cinematography
The successors paid respect to those who Bunin's prose was cinematic - unsurprisingly hundred and fifty times eloquently celebrated the meaning of the "great plan" and the "great plan". Formerly, the possibility of screening Bunin's work appeared at the same time in 1933, if a Hollywood producer told Ivan Oleksiyovich about his readiness to buy from the new version of Pan from San Francisco. The writer was consulted by Mark Aldanov, who gave recommendations on how to fold the power of attorney and manage copyright. The representatives of the film company on the right did not come forward for a short dialogue. Pіznіshe Bunіn thinking about the possibility of screening such yogis, like “When the weather is high” and “Right of the cornet Ylagіn”, but these thoughts were left unsatisfied.
Radyansk and Russian cinematography began to reach the work of Bunin from the 1960s, prote in distant screenings, following the words of the journalist V. Nuriyev (“Nezavisimaya Gazeta”), it was not rich. Vasil Pichul, being a student of VDIKu, took from 1981 the first short line "Mitina Love". In 1989, the film "Nestrokova Spring" was shown on the screen, productions behind the motives of a one-time narration, as well as the works of "Rus", "Prince with princes", "Flies", "Cranes", "Caucasus", "Sukhodil" and schodennikov's records Bunina (director Volodymyr Tolkachikov). In 1994, the melodrama “Dedicated to the Kokhannya” (directed by Lev Tsutsulkovsky) was filmed; the basis of the picture was based on the descriptions of "Easy breath", "Cold autumn" and "Rus". For the river, director Boris Yashin presented the line "Meshchersky", taken for the motives of Bunin's explanations "Natal", "Tanya", "At Paris".
I also commemorate the 2011 release of the film "Sukhodil" (directed by Oleksandr Strilyan), staged after Bunin's eponymous rose. The picture got a low honor at film festivals, and also received the respect of critics. Their thoughts about the work of Oleksandri Strilyanoy were divided: some called the line “ethnographic achievements, not specially created for the sake of great aesthetic satisfaction”; others called it “a cumbersome stylization”. Chimalo commented on the film by Mikita Mikhalkov "Sonyachny blow", taken in 2014 for the motives of the one-name description of that book "Okayanі days". At the thought of the publicist Leonid Radzikhovsky, Mikhalkov did not take pity, having tweeted about the kokhannya from shchadennikov’s notes: that the heroes and the “country, which is dumb” and the stench lived that “easily went wild””.
Ivan Oleksiyovich Bunin - the remaining classic of pre-revolutionary Russia and the first Russian Volodar of the main literary city - prizes named after. Alfred Nobel. Yogo do what became a gold fund artistic culture, translated by all European languages, screened multiple times. Among them: "The Life of Arsenyev", "Mitya Kokhannya", "Sonyachny Blow", "Pan from San Francisco", "Antonivsky Yabloka".childishness
The future literary genius was born on July 22, 1870 near Voronezh. Yogo father, toothy through marriage of business qualities, addicted to kartkovo grit and alcohol assistant, having lain down to an old noble family, giving the fatherland a few prominent minds, including the coryphaeus of the Russian word Vasyl Zhukovsky. Oleksiy Mikolayovich Bunin was a generous and artistically gifted person. 
Mati, Lyudmila Oleksandrivna Chubarova, resembled the princely family (behind the family legend), she was inspired by her accommodating, poetic nature, in opposition to the fiery and gambling person.
9 children were born at the bet, but four survived: Yuliy, Zhenya, Maria and Ivan. If Vanya turned 4 fates, the family had a chance for financial reasons to turn to their own "noble nest" - Butirka in the Oryol region.
Vanechka was praised as a mother's lover, with a similar subtle and quarrelsome nature. Vіn learned to read early, marveling at fantasy, drinking, writing the first line at 7-8 years.
In 1881, yoga was ruled to the Yeletskoy Gymnasium, de vin passed 5 years, not deserving a certificate: the young man so sumuvav at home, that he was nasty and, as a result, he was sent home.
In the course of the year, the day of official coverage of yoga despised him, but did not make him become famous as a great writer. The young man’s gymnasium program was spitted under the name of a terrible brother for 10 years, Yuliya, who graduated from the university with a degree and gained special marks on the formation of his brother’s special features. Among the literary idols of Ivan Buli are Pushkin, Fet, Tyutchev, Lermontov, Semyon Nadson.
cob way
In 1887, the literary path of Bunin was opened. The famous “Batkivshchyna” published the verse “Above the grave of S. Ya. Nadson” and “Silsky Zhenbrak”. In 1889, having left out the maetok, otrimavshi the proposition from Orel to take the place of the media of the city newspaper. First of all, I went to Kharkiv to my brother Yuliy, de-paired at the zemstvo establishment, and then went on a pivdni at Krim. 
Under the hour of writing with the "Orlovskiy Visnik" I released my debut poetic book "Virshi", published in the publications "Sposterigach", "Niva", "Visnik Evropi", deserving commendations from all writers, including Chekhov.
Ivan Bunin - Virshi
At 1892 p. the writer moved to Poltavi, de, for the protection of Yulia, having taken a job in the statutory department of the provincial body of self-regulation. Vіn richly colluded with the free-thinkers-populists, seeing Tolstoy's settlements, in 1894 he consulted with his father-in-law Leo Tolstoy, imagining this idea in the op-ed "Na dacha".
Creativity
Through the rivers of rivers to the literary cities of St. Petersburg, then Moscow, I got close to Oleksandr Kuprinim, Valeriy Bryusov, Kostyantin Balmont, got to know Anton Chekhov, Mykola Teleshov, plidno pratsyuvav. There were a lot of artists and musicians among close friends, including Sergiy Rakhmaninov. The arts have always attracted Ivan Oleksiyovich. Vіn z chіdіststva bu v vіdleniya podvіschennuyu sensitіvіstі і spriyatlіstії to zvіvіv, farb, scho scho osoblivostі creativnosti, yogo viraznoї pictoriality.In 1896, after reading the light of yoga, the translation of Henry Longfellow's Songs about Geyawat, which is inexhaustible until now. After translating Saadi, T.Shevchenko, F.Petrarch, A.Mitskevich. In 1900, the "Epitaph" and the famous "Antoniv's Apple" appeared, as if they secured its rightful literary glory. The Fall of the Leaves was also warmly received, which in 1903 brought the prestigious Pushkin Prize of the Academy of Sciences (in fact, half of it, being awarded at the same time by Peter Weinberg).
Ivan Bunin - Falling leaves
After 6 years, the writer will again be awarded the prize of the literary award (for 3 and 4 volumes of Selected works in 5 volumes), sharing the її tsy time with Oleksandr Kuprіnim. Maizhe suddenly became the youngest (39th century) Volodar of the honorary title of "Honorary Academician" at the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences.
Development of creative activities
After the revolutionary approaches of 1905, the prevailing theme of the works of the master of the pen was to replace the "requiem" of the garden life, becoming the drama of the historical part of the country. Ale vin lied in his own style and the curtains of great literature, showing whether it was avant-garde and modernism - writing, like before, realistically, stylistically, poetically reflecting the nature of that psychological subtlety of character. Before the insane masterpieces of this period, “Village”, “Dry Dry” are brought, the author shocked the readers with zhahlivy pictures of rural life without embellishment, as well as the reflection of the philosophical sense of history: “ Garne life”, “Brothers”, “Ioan Ridalets”, “Pan from San Francisco”, “The Cup of Life”, “Grammar Kokhannya”. 
In 1907, a writer with a retinue zdijsniv his order to the first “mandrivka”, seeing Egypt. Pіznіshe vіn іz zadovlennyam richly risen in price with different countries (Turkey, Ceylon, Romania, Italy, Syria, Palestine). Colleagues-participants of the literary and artistic group "Seredovishche", having become a member of such a wine, gave you the title of "nepose". The enemy from the trips knew their ticket from the book “Tin of the bird”, seen in 1931 near Paris.
Vіn did not shake the bіlshovikіv їхніх іхіхіхіві, the coup d'état, like an ear of the death of their own native state, and like a special tragedy, fixing the terror, which is happening, in the schoolchildren's book "Okayannі dnі". In 1918, they left Moscow, having moved to Odessa, and after two years of turmoil, they forever left the fatherland.
Behind the cordon
In 1920, the writer settled in France, spent the warm seasons on the edge of the countryside in the middle town of Grasse, and the winter months - near Paris. Separation from the native land and mental suffering paradoxically positively marked on yoga creativity. 
In the emigration of wines, having written ten new books, spravzhnіh pearls of light literature. Among them: "Troyanda Yerichona", which included poetry and created prose, created for motives more expensive to Skhid, "Mitina Love" about a young man, as if she died in the wake of an unfortunate kohanny, "Sleepy Blow", which described passion, which vinyl was like a blessing osyayannya. So many short novels have become unique creations, which have gone up to the collection “God Tree”.
"Mitina kokhannya" - I. Bunin
In 1933, the author, which was the achievement of the literary Olympus, having won the honor of Alfred Nobel. On the choice of the Committee, the appearance of the brilliant practice of “The Life of Arseniev” was thrown into the committee, de vin lyrically, boldly, and profoundly reaffirming the past of her fatherhood.
During the period of the Other world war, the writer lived at Grasy, dealing with financial problems. Vіn pіdtrimuvav іdеї ї ї ї ї ї ї ї ї ї ї ї ї ї ї ї ї ї ї ї ї ї ї ї, ready ї vіtati nіtlerіvtsіv, zdatnykh izschit bіshovizm, navpaki, vіtav vіv vіtav radianskih zbroynyh forces. 1943 little prose The writer's collection of advice from "Dark Aley" about thoughts, almost like a kohannya, was filled with turmoil.
After the war, the writer moved again to Paris, de head of the Radian embassy O. Bogomolov, having removed the proposition of vihati to the SRSR. At the thought of K.Simonov, the writer really wanted to go, but yogo zupinyav vіk that prikolnіnіst to France.
Special Life of Ivan Bunin
Inspired by the love of a writer, Bula Emilia, a young governess of the susides. To the description of some of the wines, having assigned a sprat of branches to the “Life of Arseniev”. And Varya Pashchenko, the daughter of a wealthy doctor, a graduate of the Yeletskoy gymnasium, a proofreader of the Oryol Visnik, became the first hromada squad. Vaughn reprimanded the 19-year-old Ivan with her mind and beauty. But the girl wanted her mother to entrust a larger, safer companion of life, and in 1894 she went out of her way. 
I will come to the muse, the Greek woman Hanna Tsakni, the Donka of the Odesa Vlasnik of the Pvdenny Oglyadu, the literary writer of 1898 roci. The stench began to grow, the youth did not develop a sleeping life. They wanted to work near Moscow, but the squad decided to turn back to native Odessa. If she got out, already vagіtna, she went, the writer was already suffering. In 1900, the son of Kolenka was born, a kind of pishov from life in 5 years from scarlet fever.
Another image of the author of the bula Vira Muromtsev, a highly illumined beauty, the niece of the head of Derzhdumi. Young people got together near Moscow in 1906. So, like Tsakni, on the back of the head, it didn’t fit to give a separation, the stench could lay down more than 1922 roci, and lived together for 46 years. Vaughn called the man Yan, even loved him and forgave innocence.
The Russian poetess Galina Kuznetsova became the last kohana of the writer. His raging romance began in 1926. Across the river, a young woman lost her man and began to live in Bunin's family, shocking the wealth of Russian emigrants. Ale, in 1933, she brought a heartbreaking surprise - she entered into a love affair with Margarita, the sister of the philosopher and literary critic Fyodor Stepunov. At the link with such a turn, there is a writer, behind the tips of the fellows, I’ve got an absolute rozpachu.
On the 84th life cycle, the writer died. They buried yoga at the Sainte-Geneve-de-Bois.
- Special Life of Ivan Bunin
- Tsіkavі facts
I van Bunin wrote that one cannot fit into any literary school. Vіn not vvazhav himself "neither a decadent, nor a symbolist, nor a romantic, nor a realist" - his creativity just showed the posture of the Srіbnim vіkom. Regardless of the price, Bunin's creations gained all-world recognition and became a classic. "For a strict artistic talent, for which he created a typical Russian character in literary prose" Bunin - the first Russian writer - won the Nobel Prize.
Literary creativity of Ivan Bunin
Ivan Bunin was born on July 22, 1870 near Voronezh. Three and a half years later, my family moved to the motherland of Butirka in the Oryol province. Here, "at the deep sexual silence", the boy got acquainted with folklore. On the day of the wines, they worked together from the villagers in the fields, and in the evenings, having listened to folk tales and retellings with them. At the hour of the move, the creative path of Bunin opened up. Here, at the vіsіm rokіv vіn, they sang their first verse, for which they went to draw that explanation. The young writer inherited in his manner either Oleksandr Pushkin or Mikhail Lermontov.
In 1881, the family of Buninikh moved to the garden of Ozerki. “it’s great and it’s possible to finish the village with three landlord gardens, which drowned in the gardens, with a lot of rates and spacious vigons”. Why did Ivan Bunin join the Yeletskoi cholovіchoi gymnasium. The first enemy of life in the povitovom mist was hopeless: “A sharp bov and transition from an absolutely free life, from a mother’s turbot to life in a city, to stupid strictness at a gymnasium, and to a heavy burden of quiet bourgeois and merchant houses, de me happened to live as a freeloader”.
Bunin spent three more years in the gymnasium: the payment of 1886, after the holidays, and without turning back to work. At home, I choked on literature more and more. In 1887, at the St. Petersburg newspaper "Batkivshchina", Bunin published his verse - "Over the grave of S.Ya. Nadson" and "Silsky zhebrak", and trochs later - the explanations of "Two mandrivniks" and "Nefyodka". At the creativity of the wines, I gradually turned to childish minds.
In 1889 Ivan Bunin moved to Orel, in central Russia, “Where did the most Russian language settle down and the stars were seen by all the greatest Russian writers in the language of Turgenev and Tovstim”. Here the 18-year-old writer entered the service to the editorial office of the provincial newspaper "Orlovsky Visnik", de pratsyuvav as a proofreader, writing theatrical reviews and articles. In Orly, the first poetic collection of Bunina "Virsh" was born, as a young man he sings rozmirkovuvav in philosophical themes that describes Russian nature.
Ivan Bunin, having risen in price a lot, and started teaching foreign language at foreign trips. So the writer became the transcriber of the verses. Among the authors were the ancient Greek poets Alkey, Saadi, Francesco Petrarch, Adam Mickiewicz, George Byron, Henry Longfellow. At the same time, he continued writing himself: in 1898, he released the poetic collection “Under the open sky”, three years later - the poetry collection “Falling Leaves”. For "Leaf Fall" that translation of "Songs about Hiawatha" by Henry Longfellow Bunin won the Pushkin Prize Russian Academy Sciences. However, the poetic middle is full of people who respect the poet as an “old-fashioned landscape painter”.
Being a true and great poet, you should stand aside from the wild turmoil in the region of the Russian verse.<...>Ale z іnshoy side, vіn mає region, yakіy reach the final points of perfection. This is an area of pure painting, brought to the extreme between, like accessible verses of the word.
Maximilian Voloshin
In 1905, the first Russian revolution broke out, the country was swarmed with ruinous peasant revolts. The writer does not follow what is being said. After that hour Bunin wrote “A whole series of creations that sharply paint the Russian soul, their own gossip, their light and darkness, but may still be tragic foundations”.
Among them are the words “Village” and “Sukhodil”, the descriptions “Sila”, “Garne of life”, “Prince among princes”, “Lapts”.
In 1909, the Academy of Sciences awarded Ivan Bunin Pushkin a prize for the third volume of a selection of works and translation of George Byron's drama-mystery "Cain". Unexpectedly after that, the writer took off the title of an honorary academician for the category of red writing, and in 1912 became an honorary member of the Association of Lovers of Russian Literature.
Special Life of Ivan Bunin
The first kohanny of Ivan Bunin was Varvara Pashchenko. I got to know her at the editorial office of the Orlovsky Visnik newspaper. "Visoka, with a pair of garnished rice, with pince-nez", she gave herself to the young writer with a mindfulness and overworldly emancipation - ale nevdoz Bunin already writing fraternal leaves, in which he painted the mind and talents of his kohanoi. Prote officially zamіzh for Bunina Varvara Pashchenko, not allowing the father, she herself did not think about the school of the writer-pochatkivtsy.
I love yoga more and at a price, as a reasonable and good person, but we will never have a peaceful family life. More shortly, as it doesn’t matter, now we will rise, lower for river chi pivroku.<...>It’s impossible to rot me, I lose my energy and strength.<...>It seems innocent, that I lie down to the vulgar middle, that the filthy tastes, and the sounds are rooted in me, - it’s all true, but it’s wonderful again vimagati, so that I could see them, like old mittens ... You should know, like everything is hard for me!
From the sheet of Varvari Pashchenko to Yuliya Bunin, brothers of Ivan Bunin
In 1894, Varvara Pashchenko left Ivan Bunin and became a deputy for the wealthy assistant Arseny Bibikov, a friend of Bunin. Worried about the scribe, the older brothers of Navit feared for his life. The last part of the novel "The Life of Arsenyev" - "Lika" - "Lika" by Ivan Bunin was born in the last part of the novel "The Life of Arsenyev".
Hanna Tsakni became the first official squad of the writer. Bunin worked out this proposition already for a few days after acquaintance. 1899 the stink of fate resurfaced. Zaknі at that time was 19 years old, and Bunin was 27 years old. The ringing of a man rang out in callousness, wine in її - in lightness.
It’s impossible to say that she’s a complete fool, but nature is childlike, bad and self-indulgent - the chain of my long-term and unforgiving watchdogs. My wishful word, my wishful thinking, not about what - don't put it on the track. Vaughn ... is unrepentant like a tease, I repeat to you. And I don’t have any chances for that, that I can raise my head, no matter how much, anytime, for other interests.
From the sheet of Ivan Bunin to brother Yuliy Bunin
In 1900, Ivan Bunin pishov saw Hanni Tsakni, who at that time was vagitna. After a few years after the birth of the people, the child of the writer seriously fell ill and died. More children Ivan Bunin is not mav.
Vira Muromtseva became another of the remaining squads of Ivan Bunin. Pismennik sustrivsya with her in 1906 at the Literary Evening. At once, the stench spent mayzhe shodnya, went to exhibitions, literary reading. Through the rivers they began to live at once, but they could not legitimize their stosunki: Hanna Tsakni did not give Bunin separation.
Ivan Bunin and Vira Muromtsev married in 1922, in Paris. At once the stench lived for a long time. Vira Muromtseva became Bunin's best friend for life, all the hardships of emigration and war were gone at once.
Life in exile and the Nobel Prize
The Zhovtnev revolution and the Gromadyan war Bunin succumbed like a catastrophe in the life of the country and the spivvitchizniks. From Petrograd we crossed back to Moscow, then - to Odessa. At the same time, he was a student, who wrote richly about the ruinous power of the Russian revolution and the power of the Bolsheviks. Pіznіshe behind the cordon the book іz tsimi pogadа came out under the name "Okayanі days".
"Drinking the cup of innocent spiritual suffering", on the cob 1920 Bunin having left Russia. Together, from the retinue of the vins, we sailed on a Greek steamboat from Odessa to Constantinople, we sailed - through Sofia and Belgrade - to Paris. At that time, Russian emigrant journalists and writers-Wignans lived near the French capital, which was often called "a new Russian literature".
Everything that was lost in the SRSR seemed to the scribe to be a stranger and a fortuneteller. Behind the cordon of wines, he began to conduct a suspense-political activity and nevdovz, turning into one of the leading posts of the emigrant opposition. In 1920, Bunin became a member of the Parisian Union of Russian Writers and Journalists, writing for the political and literary newspaper "Vidrodzhennya" and calling out to fight against bishovism. In the Batkivshchyna, for the anti-Radian position, the writer was called the White Guard.
Behind the cordon, Bunin began to see a collection of pre-revolutionary creations. European critics accepted these books favorably.
Bunin is a good Russian talent, bleeding, nervous and at the same time masculine and great. This book is to avenge a splint of apology, as if by the power of Dostoevsky's day.
French monthly magazine of science and literature La Nervie, chest 1921
The fate of the emigrants, Bunin, had a lot of pratsyuvav, and his books came out very soon. Vin wrote the descriptions of "The Rose of Jericho", "Mitin's Love", "Sonyachny Blow", "God Tree". In his creations, Bunin, having deviated from poetic and provocative language, to that important place in them, figurative details of a different plan were occupied. For example, in “Sonyachny Strike” the author describes the landscape of the Volzky landscape in a majestic way.
In 1933, Ivan Bunin, having completed the most important tvir foreign period creativity - the novel "The Life of Arsenyev". Bunin was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature for her new fate. The name of the author became known all over the world, but his glory was obscured by him, that in Radyansk Russia he reached the reach, but did not create it.
Otrimans from the Swedish Academy did not kill Bunina bagatim. I will give a part of the premium to the wines for those who are in need.
So, having taken away the prize, I happened to distribute close to 120,000 francs. That I started with a penny, I can’t behave. Now it's especially important. Do you know how many leaves I've taken from the traps about help? For the shortest term, there were up to 2000 such leaves.
Ivan Bunin
Leave the fates of life and Bunin's death
Another svіtova war found the Buninykh near the French town of Grasse. At that moment, the pennies from the Nobel Prize ran out, and they had to live starving.
Fingers in cracks in the cold, don’t get drunk, don’t nig, tedious supi from white rippi Buv I “rich” - now, by the will of the lot, becoming a zhenk, yak Іov. Buv "signs for the whole world" - now no one needs the world, - the world is not up to me!
Ivan Bunin
Tim an hour, Bunin continued pratsyuvati. The 74-year writer, having assigned to the student: “Lord, continue my strength for my selfish, miserable life in this beautiful robot!” In 1944, a number of wines completed the collection of "Dark Alleys", where 38 reports were received. Among them are "Clean Monday", "Balada", "Muse", "Business Cards". Later, after nine years, having completed the collection of two more with the inscriptions “Hanging, in Judea” and “Nichlіg”. The author himself, having impressed with his best work the very description of "Dark Aleigh".
The war reconciled the writer with the hated Youma Bishovitsky regime. Everything went to another plane, the fatherland moved to the first one. Bunin, having bought a map of the world, and blabbed on the day of the war, about which he read in the newspapers. Vіn svyatkuvav rout of the Hitler's army near Stalingrad as a special victory, and the days of Tehran for the sake of, marveling at myself, writing to a student: “Ni, you think about what it’s been like - Stalin is flying to Persia, and I’m trembling, so that God forbid something happened to him in a bad way”. For example, the writer often thought about the return of the fatherland.
In early 1945, the Bunins arrived in Paris, demonstrating the day of victory over the fascist Nimechchina. Right there in 1946 they found out about their birth in the masses of the SRSR and wanted to turn around. At the leaf before the prose writer Mark Aldanov, Bunin wrote: “Ale and here check on us the same marriage, pain, anxiety. So, like no way, they are left with one thing: home. Soogo, as if wonderfully, I really want to and promise the golden burn in all the senses. Ale yak on tse navazhitsya? I check, I think ... " And then decide “About the magazines Zirka” and “Leningrad” in 1946, in the same Central Committee of the SRSR criticizing the work of Mikhail Zoshchenko and Ganny Akhmatova, the writer changed his mind about turning.
Ivan Bunin died near Paris on the 8th leaf fall, 1953. The writer was buried in the Sainte-Geneve-de-Bois.
1. In his youth, Ivan Bunin was a Tolstoyan. Vіn mriyav “About a cleaner, healthier, “good” life in the midst of nature, in good health, in a simple atmosphere”. Pismennik considering the settlements of the successors of the Russian classic near Poltava. In 1894, roci vin got to know Leo Tolstoy himself. Zustrich tsia sent to Bunin "disguised hostility". Tolstoy, having pleased the young writer, did not “say goodbye”, but start repairing shiro: “Do you want to live a simple, hard-working life? It’s good, just don’t boast to yourself, don’t wear a uniform with her, you can be a garish person in skin life. ”.
2. Bunin loves to rise in price. Vіn ob'їhav the whole Pivden of Russia, buv in rich skhіdnih kraїnah, having a good knowledge of Europe, mandruvav Ceylon and Africa. Do yoga trips “they occupied the food of psychological, religious, historical”, vіn “having looked around the face of the world and deprive your soul of your soul in the new one”. Do your deeds Bunin having created under the influx of road enmity. For example, when the hour is more expensive on a steamboat from Italy, the new one had the idea of \u200b\u200bwriting “Pan from San Francisco”, and after a trip to Ceylon, writing a poem “Brothers”.
3. Bunina was overwhelmed by the local writers, as if they were talking about the village in their works. Some of them weren’t at all aware of the Russian masses and didn’t understand what they wrote about.
One vіdomy sings... rozpov_v at his vіrshah, scho vіn ishov, “spikelets of millet picking apart”, then such a growth in nature does not exist: іsnuє, like vіdomo, millet, the grain of such and є millet, and the colossus (more precisely, volot) grows so low that it is impossible to pick them up with your hands on the go; the other (Balmont) having spoiled the harrier, the evening bird from the birth of owls, the plumage of the gray, taєmnicho-quiet, povіlna and absolutely noiseless during flights, - with predilection (“and the predilection went, like a harrier, sho vіdletіv”), choking on the flowers of the plantain (“plantain all in bloom! ”, Wanting the plantain, which grows on the roads to small green leaves, does not bloom.
Ivan Bunin
4. In 1918, the decree “On the introduction of a new spelling” was signed, which changed the rules of spelling and included a streak of letters from the Russian alphabet. Bunin did not accept the reforms and continued to write properly to the old spelling. Vіn napolagav, schob "Dark Aley" abused the pre-revolutionary rules, but then let the book out for the new ones and put the author before the fact that he was. The letter was inspired by the American publishing house named after Chekhov to publish their books with a new spelling.
5. Ivan Bunin, tremblingly raising himself to his own perfection. The writer Nina Berberova in her autobiography suggested, like Bunin, that he was beautiful for Oleksandr Blok. And Volodymyr Nabokov said that Bunin was already praised by the ages. “If I got to know him, he was more interested in the old times. From the first ones we said, one word to one of them from satisfaction, indicating that you are going straight for me, wanting to be thirty years older ".
6. Ivan Bunin had a dislike for the letter “f”. Vіn namagavsya yakomoga її її zhivayut, that in yogo books mayzhe not be heroes, in the name of yakim bula tsya letters. Literary chronicler Oleksandr Bakhrakh, reciting, like Bunin, yoma rozpovіd: “You know, they didn’t call me Pilip. What could have happened - "Philip Bunin". How to sound crazy! Mabut, I wouldn’t become friends”.
7. In the Soviet Socialist Republic, the first after the revolution was short and censored, five volumes of Bunin's works were published only after 1956. “Cursed Days”, the leaves of that scholars of the writer, did not go to the new one - this journalism was the main reason for the author’s entrenchment in the Fatherland. Tilki pіd hour perebudovy zaboronenі created the author saw povnistyu.
Publications
"Russia lived in the new, vin buv - Russia"
On July 22, 1870, the writer Ivan Bunin was born and sings. The remaining pre-revolutionary Russian classic and the first Russian Nobel laureate in literature, having enjoyed an independent court and Georgiy Adamovich’s great Vistula, “the people were full of tears, unforgivingly guessing that the stench would like to take it.”
About Ivan Bunin
"I was born on July 10, 1870(All dates in quotes are in the old style. - Note.) at Voronezh. Childhood and early youth were spent in the countryside, writing that friendship began early. Nezabara brought on me respect and criticism. Then my books were three times awarded by the most important city of the Russian Academy of Sciences - the Pushkin Prize. However, the popularity is more or less wide, I have not been able to do it for a long time, because I did not lie down to the same literary school. In addition, I have little wrapped in the literary middle, richly alive in the countryside, richly raising the price of Russia and the posture of Russia: in Italy, Turkey, Greece, Palestine, Egypt, Algeria, Tunisia, the tropics.
My popularity began from the hour when I outraged my "Village". This is the beginning of a whole series of my creations, as if they sharply painted the Russian soul, її light and dark, often tragic foundations. At the Russian critics and the middle of the Russian intelligentsia, de, through the ignorance of the people of political mirkuvan, the people may have begun to idealize, and the “zhorstok” create my voices of biased fortune tellers. I have seen the world, like the daedals mіtsnіshayut my literary forces with the skin of the day. Ale here swelled the war, that buv revolution. I’m not quiet, who was the suffocation of a friend of a nationality, for whom її razmіri and atrocities were unbearable, but all the same, the action overturned all my chіkuvannya: on which the Russian revolution changed without a hitch, not ignorance of anything, anyway. The sight turned out to be a sour taste for the skin, who, without having consumed the image and likeness of God, and from Russia, after the suffocation of the ruler of Lenin, hundreds of thousands of people ticked, as if the least of the rain flowed. I left Moscow on May 21, 1918, I am alive in the middle of Russia, passing from hand to hand of the white and red ones, and on September 26, 1920, drinking the cup of innocent spiritual suffering, emigrating in the Balkans, then to France. I live near Paris near France, from the summer of 1923. having moved to the Primorsky Alps, turning to Paris for less than a day of winter months.
In 1933, the winner of the Nobel Prize. I have written ten new books in exile.”
I wrote about myself Ivan Bunin in "Autobiographical Notes".
If Bunin came to Stockholm to win the Nobel Prize, it was explained that everyone should know yoga in person: photographs of the writer were published in a leather newspaper, in shop windows, on a cinema screen. After pumping the great Russian writer, the Swedes looked around, and Ivan Oleksiyovich put a lamb's hat on his eyes and muttered: "What is it? Thoroughly successful tenor".
“First, in view of the foundation of the Nobel Prize, you were awarded the winner. Bo who am I? Vygnanets, which is worthy of the hospitality of France, for sure I will save the vdyachnist for ever. Gentlemen, members of the Academy, allow me, leaving me alone to do my special work, tell you how beautiful your gesture is in itself. In the world, the buti of the oblast of tsіlkovitoї nezalezhnosti. Without a doubt, on the table there are representatives of strong thoughts, strong philosophical and religious beliefs. Ale, it’s unbreakable, like we are united: freedom of thought and conscience, those to which my goiter is related to civilization. For a writer, freedom is especially necessary - there is a dogma, an axiom out there.
Promotion of Bunin at the Nobel Prize awarded to him
However, almost like the fatherland of that Russian language, the new boulder was majestic and carried it through all life. “Russia, our Russian nature, we took with us, and we didn’t b, we couldn’t help but recognize її”, - Ivan Oleksiyovich said to himself and about millions of such imaginative emigrants, as if they left the fatherland at dashing revolutionary fates.
“Bunina did not need to live in Russia to write about her: Russia lived in the new, vin buv - Russia.”
Writer's secretary Andriy Sedikh
In 1936 roci Bunin broke the road to Nimechchin. At Lindau, he was stuck in the past with fascist orders: he was arrested, he was given to an unceremonious and demeaning hustle. At the end of 1939, Bunin settled in Grasse at the Jeannette villa, where he lived through the whole war. Here he wrote his "Dark Alley". Prote didn’t do anything for the Nimtsiv, wanting to live with the great penniless famine. Standing up to the conquerors with hatred, he was glad of the victory of the radian and allied troops. In 1945, the fate of the wines finally moved from Grasse to Paris. Stay rocky very sick.
Ivan Oleksiyovich Bunin died in his sleep in the night of 7 to 8 leaf fall 1953 in Paris. Burial at the Sainte-Geneve-de-Bois.
“I was born too late. Yakby I used to be, my writing skills would not be like that. I would not have had a chance to survive ... 1905 rіk, then the first world war, after it the 17th rіk i yogo prodovzhennya, Lenin, Stalin, Hitler ... How not to congratulate our ancestor Noah! Less than one flood vip youma for a share ... "
I.A. Bunin. Come on. Paris. 1950
“Read more to read Bunin - something like “Dark Alleys”, “Easy Dihannya”, “Cup of Life”, “Clean Monday”, “Antoniv's Apple”, “Mitin's Kohannya”, “Life of Arsenyev”, and you will be enchanted Buninsk Russia with usima її enchanting signs: old churches, monasteries, ringing, strong zvintary, which were ruined by “noble nests”, with її rich barvist language, orders, primovkas, which you don’t know in Chekhov, n in Turgen But not all of them: nothing is so ambiguous, so psychologically precise and at the same time not very richly described without describing a smut like a human being - a kohannya. Bunіn buv nadіleniy we will emphasize the power: pilnіstyu guarding. With a clear accuracy of wine, paint a psychological portrait of a be-like bachenous person, give a brilliant description of the phenomena of nature, change the mood of that change in the lives of people, grow up and creatures. It can be said that I wrote wine on the basis of a sawing dawn, a strange ear and a sharp scent. And nothing hung in sight. The memory of a mandriving man (loving to increase the price of wine!) absorbed everything: people, love, talk, zabarvlennya, noise, smells ", - the literary scholar Zinaida Partis wrote in her article “Request to Bunin”.
Bunin quotes
“God to the skin of us gives at once from the life of that chie talent and puts on us the sacred bindings not to bury it in the ground. For what? We don't know who. Alemy is to blame for the nobility, that everything in this world, which is not bugged for us, can always be mother, like a sense, like a high God’s name, directing to those, so that everything in this world is “good,” him, and that is joy and pride ... "
Announcement "Bernard" (1952)
“So, river by river, day by day, keep a secret for only one thing, - a happy love star, you live, in fact, only hope for a star - and everything is fine ... "
Rozpovid "Near Paris", collection "Dark Alley" (1943)
“I’m seeing such a bіl and such inconsistency of my distant life without something, that I’ve suffocated it, rozpach.”
“The room without her was given as if it were called something else, lower for her. Vіn bvsche spovnenie her - and empty. It was wonderful! It still smelled of good English cologne, there was still an unfinished cup on the tray, but there was no more ... The lieutenant's heart was clenched with such tenderness that the lieutenant, having hurried to smoke and a sprat, walked back and forth around the room.Rozpovid "Sonyachny blow" (1925)
“Life is, without a hitch, love, kindness, and a change in love, kindness, a change in life, and death.”
Rozpovid "Sleepy" (1924)
“Prokineshsya and lie down for a long time at the bed. The whole booth is quiet. Feel, like a gardener carefully walking around the kіmnata, spitting stoves, like cracking and shooting firewood. In front - a whole day of calm in a silent already winter garden. You don’t hurry to get dressed, you wander through the garden, you know at the wet leaf, you’ll forget the cold and wet apple, and I’ll find it superbly savory, it’s not the same as others. Let's take care of the books, - Didy's books in the same skin coats, with gold stars on sap'yannih korintsyah. It’s nice to smell like church breviaries books with their pozhovklim, tovst short paper! I seem to be the reception of a sour, splashy, old-fashioned spirits ... "
Rozpovid "Antonivsky apple" (1900)
“It’s like the old Russian ailment, it’s nudga, it’s nudga, it’s roguishness is eternal hope, it’s like a toad with an enchanting ring will come and kill everything for you: just go to the gank and throw a ring from hand to hand!”
“Our children, our onuks will not be able to bring forth that Russia, in which we (tobto vchora) lived, they didn’t question us, didn’t understand, - all the time, folding, wealth, happiness ...”
“Ishov and thinking, vіrnіshe, vіdchuvav: yakby now and far away virvatis somewhere, to Italy, for example, near France, it was squeaky b it was watery - the people were dead! Life shook so sharply, so sharply and respectfully, yogo, yogo soul, yogo chilly body. How many of our eyes - how little stench they smelt, my mind!Collection of cursed days (1926–1936)
The first Russian Nobel laureate Ivan Oleksiyovich Bunin is called a jeweler of the word, a prose writer-painter, a genius of Russian literature and the most beautiful representative of the Silver Age. Literary critics agree on the thoughts that in Bunin's creations there is controversy with paintings, and for light-heartedness, the stories of Ivan Oleksiyovich are similar to canvases.
Childhood and youth
The co-workers of Ivan Bunin affirm that the “breed” of the writer was born, innate aristocracy. There is nothing to marvel at: Ivan Oleksiyovich is a representative of the oldest noble family, which succumbs to the roots of the XV century. Family coat of arms of the Bunin inclusions to the coat of arms of noble canopies of the Russian Empire. Among the ancestors of the writer - the founder of romanticism, the author of ballads and singing.
Ivan Oleksiyovich was born at the age of 1870 near Voronezh, in the same way as a noble nobleman and a noble official Oleksiy Bunin, who was friends with his cousin niece Lyudmila Chubarova, a woman of lagidna, ale of all sorts. Vaughn gave birth to a man of nine children, of which four survived.
At Voronizh, my family moved 4 years before the people of Ivan, in order to give sanctification to the elder sons Yulia and Evgen. We settled in a rented apartment on Veliky Dvoryansky Street. If Ivan felt like chotiri roki, the fathers turned to the ancestral mother of Butirka in the Oryol province. The childhood of Bunin passed on the farm.
Lyubov pinched his tutor before reading to the boy - a student of the Moscow University Mikola Romashkov. At home, Ivan Bunin played the movie, rushing to latina. The first read independently of the book of the future writer - "Odyssey" and a selection of English poetry.
In 1881 the father brought Ivan to Yelets. The youngest son of clave sleep and entered the 1st class of the student's gymnasium. It was fitting for Bunin to read, but the exact sciences were not enough. At the leaf of the elder brother, Vanya knew that he was the most terrible in mathematics. After 5 years, Ivan Bunin was graduated from the gymnasium in the middle of the first year. The 16-year-old young man arrived at the Batkiv May of Ozerka on a holiday vacation, but she never turned back to Yelets. For non-appearance to the gymnasium, the fagot turned off the lad. The elder brother Yuliy took up further illumination of Ivan.
Literature
The creative biography of Ivan Bunin was born in Ozerki. Having continued the work on the novel “Zakhoplennya”, which was so popular with Yelts, ale twir was not ready to read. The writings of the young writer's poems, writings against the death of an idol - the poet Semyon Nadson - were published by the Batkivshchyna magazine.
At the father's mother, for the help of his brother, Ivan Bunin was preparing for graduation drinking, having taken them off the certificate of maturity.
From the autumn of 1889 to the summer of 1892, Ivan Bunin worked at the journal Orlovsky Visnik, deducted his opinions, tops and literary-critical articles. July 1892, July 1892, after calling his brother to Poltavi, he ruled Ivan the librarian's office in the provincial government.
At the beginning of 1894, the writer saw Moscow, de zustrіvsya z close to the spirit. Yak and Lev Mikolayovich, Bunin criticizing the world of civilization. At the roses of "Antonov's Apple", "Epitaph" and "New Road" nostalgic notes are contemplated for the era that is passing, one feels sorry for the nobility that is evolving.
In 1897, Ivan Bunin saw the book “To the End of the World” at St. Petersburg. Rocky earlier, I retranslated Henry Longfellow's "Song of Hiawatha" to him. The verses of Alkey, Saadi, Adam Mickiewicz appeared at the translation of Bunin.
In 1898, the poetic collection of Ivan Oleksiyovich “Under the open sky” was published in Moscow, which was warmly received by literary critics and readers. Two years later, Bunin gave poetry lovers a friend a book of verses - "Falling Leaves", as a sign of the author's authority as a "poet of the Russian landscape." Petersburg Academy of Sciences in 1903 honored Ivan Bunin with the first Pushkin Prize, followed by a friend.
Ale in the poetic middle Ivan Bunin, having shattered the reputation of an “old-fashioned landscape painter”. For example, in the 1890s, “fashionable” poets became lovers, which were brought to the Russian lyrics by “wild streets of the city”, and also by three heroes. in a review of Bunin's "Virshi" collection, he wrote that Ivan Oleksiyovich stumbled aside "in the face of a wild wreck", then, looking at the painting of his poetic "cloths", they reached "the final points of perfection". The butts of perfection and pretentiousness to the classics of criticism call the verse “I remember the old winter evening» and «Vechir».
Ivan Bunin sings, not accepting symbolism and critically marveling at the revolutionary foundations of 1905-1907, calling himself "a witness to the great and the bad". In 1910, Ivan Oleksiyovich saw the story "The Village", which planted "a whole series of works that sharply paint the Russian soul." The story “Sukhodil” and the description “Sila”, “Garne of life”, “Prince among princes”, “Lapti” are low for sales.
1915 Ivan Bunin at the peak of popularity. You can see some of the most famous ads such as "Pan from San Francisco", "Grammar Kokhannya", "Easy Dihannya" and "Changa's Dream". In 1917, a swarm of writers flooded the revolutionary Petrograd, uniquely “the greedy proximity of the enemy.” Pіvroku Bunіn is alive near Moscow, zvіdti vіdnі vіrnі 1918 roku wіїhav tо Odesa, de writing the book “Cursed Days” – a baked record of the revolution and the great power.
Portrait "Ivan Bunin". Artist Evgen Bukovetsky The writer, who so fiercely criticizes the new government, will not be safe in the country. In the spring of 1920, Ivan Oleksiyovich left Russia. Vіn їde to Constantinople, and the birches opineyaєtsya near Paris. Here there was a collection of justification under the name "Pan from San Francisco", as the public was stunned.
From the summer of 1923, Ivan Bunin is alive in the Belvedere villa near the old Grasse, de yoga. In the circles, there are reports of “Pochatkov Kokhannya”, “Numbers”, “Rose of Erikhona” and “Mitina Love”.
In 1930, Ivan Oleksiyovich wrote the description of "The Bird's Tin" and completed the most important work of his works in emigration - the novel "The Life of Arseniev". A description of the hero's experience of a haze of confusion about the past of Russia, "dead before our eyes in such a charmingly short term."
For example, in the 1930s, Ivan Bunin moved to the villa "Jannette", de-sagging at the rocks of the Other Light War. The pismennik, worrying about the share of the fatherland, and radiofully spreading the news about the naymensha, the victory of the Radian troops. Bunin is alive at the villains. About his twisted camp he wrote:
"Because I'm rich - now, by the will of the land, having become a bastard ... Become famous all over the world - now no one needs the world ... I really want to go home!"
The villa fell into disrepair: the incineration system did not function, due to an interruption in the electricity supply to the water supply. Ivan Oleksiyovych told his friends about the “bakery famine” at the sheets. In order to get even a small amount, Bunin asked a friend, who had gone to America, on any mind to see the collection of "Dark Alleys". The book was published in 1943 in Russian, with a circulation of 600 copies, for which the writer charged $300. Before the collection, the campaign “Clean Monday” has gone. The last masterpiece of Ivan Bunin - verse "Nich" - 1952 year.
The successors of the creative work of the prose writer remembered that there was a lot of evidence for cinematography. First, a Hollywood producer spoke about the screening of Ivan Bunin's works, having shown the hope of accepting a film for the promotion of "Pan from San Francisco". Ale on the right ended in pink.
At the beginning of the 1960s, the respect of the Russian directors was restored to the creativity of the spіvvіtchiznik. Vasil Pichul made a short film for the confirmation of "Mitina kohannya". In 1989, the picture “Nestrokova Spring” appeared on the screen after Bunin’s one-time explanation.
In 2000 years, the film-biography "Scholar of Yogo Druzhiny" of the director, in which the story is shared by this prose writer, is revealed.
Resonance called out the premiere of the drama "Sonyachniy blow" in 2014. The basis of the line was based on the book of the same time, “Okayanі dni”.
Nobel Prize
First, Ivan Bunin was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1922. About clucking the winner of the Nobel Prize. And then they gave the prize to the Irish poet William Yeats.
In the 1930s, Russian emigrant writers joined the process, and they were crowned with victory: at the fall of the leaves in 1933, the Swedish Academy awarded Ivan Bunin a prize for literature. In the letter to the laureate, it was said that he deserved the reward for “reinforcing the typical Russian character in prose”.
715 thousand francs in prizes Ivan Bunin squandered the cash. In the first month, I gave half to the needy and to everyone who had gone to the new one for help. Even before the end, let the writer know that having taken 2,000 leaves from the past, help a penny.
After 3 years after the Nobel Prize was awarded, Ivan Bunin lost his vigilance. Until the end of life, the wet booth did not appear. Bunin best described the camp at the short verse “The bird has a nest”, de є rows:
Animal maє hole, birds maє nest.
How the heart beats, loudly and loudly,
If I go in, christen, at a stranger's, hiring booths
With your already old bag!
Life Specialist
The first time a young writer is wiser, if he worked at the Oryol Visnik. Varvara Pashchenko - the beautiful temple at the pince - gave herself to Bunin with such an enlightened and emancipated mind. Ale, it’s not a problem to know the vines of the maiden of the cirque spy. Spalakhnuv novel, ale batkovі Varvara bіdniy yunak іz hazy prospects not vouchsafed. The couple lived without a wedding. In his own ways, Ivan Bunin called Varvara like that - "the unmarried squad."
After moving to Poltavi, and so the folded stosunki became hostile. Barbarians - maidens from the safe family - had a badly evil reason: they went out of the house, leaving Bunin a farewell note. Nezabar Pashchenko became the squad of the actor Arseniy Bibikov. Ivan Bunin had a hard time enduring the break, the brothers were afraid of his life.
1898 year in Odessa, Ivan Oleksiyovich got to know Ganna Tsakni. Vaughn became the first official squad of Bunin. The same fate brought a lot of fun. Ale, having made friends at once, did not live long: they parted after two years. A single son of a writer, Mykola, was born among the slave, and in 1905 the lad died of scarlet fever. More children Bunin not mav.
Ivan Bunin's kohanna of the whole life is the third squad of Vir Muromtsev, who got to know him in Moscow, at a literary evening near the leaf fall of 1906. Muromtseva, a graduate of the Great Women's Courses, choked on chemistry and freely spoke three languages. Ale, in the face of literary bohemia, Vira was far away.
The young people on the emigration remarried, in 1922 they turned: For 15 years, Bunin did not get separated. Best man on the beach Friends lived together until the very death of Bunin, even if you don’t call your life without a hangover. In 1926, the clergy in the middle of the emigrants began to feel a bit about the marvelous love tricutnik: at the house of Ivan and Viri Buninikh there lived a young writer Galina Kuznetsova, before that Ivan Bunin was not even friendly.
Kuznetsov is called the last kohanny of the writer. In the villa, friends with Buninikh, she lived 10 years. Ivan Oleksiyovich survived the tragedy, if he found out about Galini's predilection for the sister of the philosopher Fyodor Stepun Margarita. Kuznetsova left Bunin's house and went to Margot, which caused a protracted depression of the writer. Friends of Ivan Oleksiyovich wrote that Bunin was at that period of time on the border between God and rozpachu. Vіn pratsyuvav tsіlodobovo without interruption, trying to forget the kohana.
After the separation from Kuznetsova, Ivan Bunin wrote 38 short stories, which were taken up to the collection of "Dark Aley".
Death
For example, in the 1940s, doctors diagnosed Bunin with emphysema. At the present time, doctors Ivan Oleksiyovich went to a resort in France. Ale, I became healthy without painting. 1947 79-year-old Ivan Bunin rose up and spoke to an audience of writers.
Zlidny zmusila turned for help to the Russian emigrant Andriy Sedikh. He won a pension for an ailing wheel from the American philanthropist Frank Atran. Until the end of Bunin's life, Atran paid 10,000 francs to the writers.
In the late autumn of 1953, the fate of Ivan Bunin became healthy. Vіn not pіdnіmavsya z lizhka. Shortly before his death, the writer asked the squad to read the leaves.
On the 8th of the leaf fall, the doctor stating the death of Ivan Oleksiyovich. The cause was heart asthma and sclerosis of the leg. The Nobel laureate was commemorated at Saint-Genev's-de-Bois, mіstsі, de znayshli hundreds of Russian emigrants.
Bibliography
- "Antonivsk apples"
- "Village"
- "Sukhodil"
- "Easy sigh"
- "Sni Changa"
- "Lapti"
- "Grammar Kokhannya"
- "Mitina Love"
- "Cursed Days"
- "Drowsy Strike"
- "The Life of Arsenyev"
- "Caucasus"
- "Dark Alley"
- "Cold autumn"
- "Numbers"
- "Clean Monday"
- "To the right of the cornet Yelagin"
