Marvel at the same "Lem, Stanislav" in other dictionaries. Stanislav lem biography Rozpovіdі about pilot Pirks
Rocky life: from 09/12/1921 to 03/27/2006
Polish science fiction writer, satirist, philosopher, futurist. The main themes of creativity: the union of people from otherworldly civilizations, technologically possible earthly civilizations, idealistic and utopian supremacy. Create Lem brighten up with intellectual humor, thunder words, all kinds of allusions.
Stanislav Lem was born in the city of Lviv (at that time - the territory of Poland) in the Jewish homeland of the otolaryngologist Samuel Lem and Sabina Voller. In 1932, I graduated from the second student of the gymnasium named after K. S Szajnochy, having graduated from Yak, in 1939 I took off the certificate of secondary education. Born 1940-1941 after the occupation of Lviv by the Ukrainians, Lem took up medicine at the Lviv Medical Institute. Lem spent his time at the Medical Institute in order to get to the Medical Institute, because he was not admitted to the Polytechnic through belonging to the “bourgeois class”.
Regardless of the Jewish journey, the military fates of this family were far away, deported to the ghetto, and the documents were updated (all Lem's other relatives perished). Under the hour of the German occupation, Lem worked as an auto mechanic and a brewer at the garages of a German company, who reworked the syrovina, taking the fate of the group to support the Nazis. In 1944, when the Radyansk army took the place of the fascists, Lem continued his education at the medical institute. In 1946, after the arrival of Lviv to the Soviet Socialist Republic, Lem, as part of the repatriation campaign, moved to Krakow and began to develop medicine at the Jagiellonian University (Wydziale Medycznym Uniwersytetu Jagiellonskiego). Decided to continue learning Lem having taken a lot of things under the vice of the father, tk. a moment to earn enough, continuing to work as a brewer.
After the completion of the training, Stanislav Lem decided to retire and sleep, not to become a military doctor. At this hour, Lem begins to write letters of advice for the purpose of earning money. Lem's first novel "The Man from Mars" (Czlowiek z Marsa) was instructed in the print magazine "Nowy Swiat Przygod" in 1946. In 1948-1950 pp. vin pratsyuvav assistant prof. Mechislav Choinovsky at the "Scientific Group" (collector of foreign scientific literature). In 1948, Lem began to work on the novel "Spital Transfiguration" ("Szpital Przemieniena"), which did not pass the censorship. The first literary success came before Lem after the publication of the novel "Astronauts" in 1951.
In 1953, the writer became friends with Barbara Lesnyak, who worked as a radiologist. On February 14, 1968, their son Tomasz was born.
In the 60-80s, Lem wrote the main works in yoga creativity, including "Solaris" (1961), "Impossible" (1964), "Zoryanі Shchodenniki" (1957), "Fairy tales Robotіv" (1964), " Cyberiada" (1965) and in. In the other, behind the Vistula of the writer himself, "nothing was respected - the team continued to work as a radiologist, I continued to be an ordinary member of the Writers' Union of Friendship ..." At the same hour, Lem saw Skhidna Nimechchyna, Prague, Radian Union.
In 1973, Rotsi Lem Buv of honorary membership in the American organized-fantasy sfwa, the Buvas of the Bukes of the American Scientific and Fantastic Litrate, Zhitch, Zvinovachuvy, who had been thoughtful. clashes with new ideas and literary forms.
In 1981, Lem took the honorary honors from the Wroclaw University of Technology (Polish Politechnika Wrocławska), and later - to the Opole University, Lviv University and the Jagiellonian University. In 1982, after the introduction of a military camp in Poland, Stanislav Lem left the fatherland to listen to a course of lectures from Wissenschaftskolleg. He crossed the river to Vidnya, and turned to the fatherland in 1988. In the 90s, Lem mainly wrote futurological forecasts, spying on the Catholic tyzhnevnik "Tygodnik Powszechy", on the schomisyachnik "Odra", on the Polish version of the magazine "PC Mag. In 1997, Stanislav Lem became an honored resident of Krakow. The writer died on the 27th of February 2006 to the fate of Krakow near the city 84 years after the thriving heart disease.
After Lem's exclusion from the SFWA, a number of members of this organization (Zokrema Michael Moorcock and Ursula Le Gujin) protested and protested their "returns".
Lem vkrai negatively reacted to the screening of Solaris Tarkovsky. Lem repeatedly said about this in his interviews: "Solaris" is the whole book, through yaks we got along well with Tarkovsky. I spent six days near Moscow, while we quarreled about those who made the film, then calling him a fool and going home ... ”(“ Moscow News ”, 06/18/1995). According to Lem, Tarkovsky "would call not "Solaris", but "Zlochin and Kara"".
Biography (http://stanislawlem.ru/abio.shtml)
Norbert Wiener opened his autobiography with the words: "I was a miracle child." Maybe I could say to myself: "I'm a monster." It is possible for me to be overwhelmed, but I, being so small, contrived to terrify all the restless. Let's say, I waited for the work, which I seem to be, all the time, like my father, climbing onto the stile and starting to alternately twist and curl the parasol, I allowed myself to turn all the time under the table. Whom I truly do not remember; even more than an ear, to lie here in a pose of remembrance. Glorious little me, calling on everything, they respected only numerically titons.
At chotiri roki I learned to write. Really, really, it’s not a moment to win. The first sheet, which I wrote to my father in Skole, where I went with my mother, was a small description of my use at the right rural toilet. So-so, to the same one - with a dirkoy at the wooden podloz. Schos I, schopravda, did not become a guess. At Qiu's very dirka, I slipped the link of the keys of our sovereign.
Stanislav Lem was born on the 12th spring near Lvov. At the same laryngologist. In 1932, I graduated from the second student of the gymnasium named after K. S Szajnochy, having graduated from Yak, in 1939 I took off the certificate of secondary education. Born 1940-1941 After the occupation of Lvov by the Radyansky troops, Lem took up medicine at the Lviv Med. Institute...
Having spent there with a manіvtsem, I’ll first put down my sleep at the polytechnic, as if I’ve taken in a rich cіkavіshoy. I sleep well, but, being a representative of the "wrong social class" (father is a local laryngologist, he is a bourgeois), they didn’t accept me ... Batko won his contacts and for the help of Professor Parnassus, a famous biochemist, they ruled me medicine, without a hod enthusiasm on my part.
Under the hour of the German occupation, Lem worked as an assistant mechanic and a brewer at the garages of a German company, who was engaged in the processing of syrovin. In 1944, when the Radyansk army repaid the place, Lem continued his studies at the medical institute. In 1946, Lviv ceased to lie in Poland, Stanislav, as part of the repatriation campaign, moved to Krakow, depriving medicine from Wydziale Medycznym Uniwersytetu Jagiellonskiego.
I instantly made a chimalo, working as a brewer. From one side, it looked like it was done nicely, because in Krakow it was necessary to start from scratch. On the other hand, the thought of those that I can throw in the head, even made my dad embarrassed. For a long time, I didn’t manage to grow a choice, but I decided to continue my medical education.
In the period from 1948 to 1950, Lem worked as a young assistant at the Konwersatorium Naukoznawczym, named Micheslav Choinovsky.
Acquaintance with Choinovsky became a turning point in life. Strongly vplinuv my wild and intellectual development.
Stanislav Lem having taken away the certificate of completion of medical education, and then decided to put the rest of the sleep, so that the doctor's car was buried. ... The army took all my friends, and not for more than two, the stench was gone forever...
Lem's first novel "The Man from Mars" ("Czlowiek z Marsa") in the print magazine "Nowy Swiat Przygod". The verses of that description of Pan Stanislav were heard from "Tygodnik Powszechny", "Zolniez Polski", "Kuznica" and other periodical publications. In 1948, Lem began to work on the novel "Spital Transfiguration" ("Szpital Przemieniena"), which was not missed by communist censorship. The short story was published less than every other year.
Skin kilka tizhniv їzdiv by night train to Warsaw. I took the tickets I found, so it’s too bad. There, near Warsaw, I had endless discussions at the see-saw “Ksiazka i Wiedza”. Many lads gave to the stingy katuvannyam of my "Hospital Transfiguration", the number of critical reviews increased every day, and the schogodini, and their skin novel was called decadent and counter-revolutionary. I was instructed that it was necessary to remake... Nadiya, that the novel should be published, continued to decay, so I diligently wrote and reworked it... additional episodes to reach the "compositional balance". In 1951, Lem's first sci-fi book, Astronauci, was commissioned.
In 1950, in the booth of Pismennytska Spivdruzhnosti in Zakopane, I got to know this gentleman. Once I was a gentleman, like, like I recognized by the year, showed up no one else, like Zherzy Pansky, from seeing "Czytelnik"; we went to drink at Czarny Staw. Under the hour of our walk, we discussed the problem of the practically new reality of Polish science fiction ... Pansky chirped that I could write a book in the designated genre. I don’t suspect about those who are really Zherzi, I’m saying: “so.” It seemed to me that he was a son of a tomboy, like, like me, vipadkovo zupinivsya in "Astoria". A few hours later, I received a scary surprise - a sheet from "Czytelnik" with the author's proposition. Navitya without saying what my book will be, I wrote the title: "Astronauts" and in the shortest terms I wrote my first book, as if it was published negligently.
1953 Lem became friends with Dr. Barbara Lesniak.
I got to know her, I guess, in 1950, and after 2 or 3 years of oblogs, she accepted my proposition. At the same time, we didn’t have a life of moisture: I hung out in a crimson kіmnatzі, the walls were like a vkritі tsvіllu, the squad, choosing to finish medical education, lived with my sister on Sarego Street.
Lem's science-fiction novels brought him the fame of one of the greatest writers, as they work directly with him. You can divide them into two categories: "We're going" (1959), "Turning from the Zirok" (1961), "Solaris" (1961), "Irresistible" (1964), "The Voice of the Lord" (1968), "Information about Pilot Pirks (1968) - serious novels, written according to the traditions of the genre, as Lem himself expanded and brightly painted. Another group - "Zoryany Shchodenniki" (1957), "Manuscript, Knowledge at the Bath" (1961), "Tales of Robots" (1964) , "Cyberiad" (1965), "Looking at the World" (1982), "Light on the Earth" (1987) - composed of grotesque robots, filled with sparkling humor. , memoirs or philosophical stories:
We have politically non-existent hours ... we drove one month on the river, riding on the licks near Zakopane. I went there and in red, through the blue fever, there was no other way in those hours. I stayed in the house of Pismennitskoy Spivdruzhnosti and worked for a whole day without interruption. Under an hour of one of these marathons, writing "Solaris". A similar method I zastosovuvav and some other books. I didn’t care about anything, nothing was respected - the squad worked as a practicing radiologist, I continued to be an ordinary member of the Writers' Union of Friendship ... I was loved there...
In the midst of all Lema, the main role is played by "Suma tekhnologii", leaving behind the cybernetic "Dialogues", "Science Fiction and Futurology" and "Filolozofia Przypadku" (a sample of the creation of "the total theory of everything"). Cі roboti, insanely, not less cіkavi, ale "Suma" is connected with problems, like ninіt navit aktualnіshi, nizh at this hour, if the book was only written. A lot of forecasts of Pan Lem in the gallery of culture and technology, miraculously turned out to be absolutely accurate.
In 1973, the American Spivtovaristvo of Science Fiction recognized the literary reach of Pan Lem, and having rejected the proposition to join the club. Prote to dosit Shvidko Stanislav the stars were turned off through the critical consideration of the low level of the American NF. (Funny position of the members of Science Fiction Writers of America in a goddamn time of hoarding. Accepted for literary merits, blamed for criticism. Maybe we should be able to talk in detail about this whole fact. Discuss your demarche of some smart members of the club. who, as a sign of protest, longed for their “returns.” I think that Michael Moorcock and Ursula Le Guin can’t be imagined to the senses ...
In 1982, after the introduction of a military camp in Poland, Stanislav Lem left the fatherland to listen to a course of lectures from Wissenschaftskolleg. Through river vin I moved to Venni. Living behind the cordon, Lem wrote two of his remaining science fiction books: "Light on Earth" and "Fiasco". Pismennik turned to Poland in 1988 roci.
In the 90s, Lem wrote futurological forecasts more importantly. Vіn spіvpratsyuvav with the Catholic tyzhnevnik "Tygodnik Powszechy" (the articles "Svіt, zgіdno z Lem" were published in the book "Dziury w calym"), with the book "Odra", with the Polish version of the magazine "PC Magazine" (the articles were published in the doubled book "Tajemnica chinskiego pokoju" and "Bomba megabitowa"). Lem's last book is "Okamgnienie".
Stanislaw Lem is a member of the Polish Association of Writers and Polish Pen-Club. Since 2000, Lem has been a member of the "Poland 2000" committee, which is under the protectorate of the Polish Academy of Sciences. In 1994 he became a member of PAU (Polska Akademia Umiejetnosci).
The writer took a handful of Polish and international literary awards (Polish state prizes, Austrian State Prize for the European Culture), orders (The Medal of the White Eagle) and higher degrees (Warsaw Polytechnic, Opole University, University of Lvov, Jagiellonian University).
Biography (Volodymyr Pavliv, IA "Rosbalt", Warsaw. http://www.rosbalt.ru/)
One of the novelties on the book market in Poland was the collection of the all-world famous Polish science fiction writer Stanislaw Lem - "DILEMI". Shanuvalniks of the author of "Solaris", as if impatiently checking the skin new word of a beloved writer, having read the first rows, they know that: "Everyone in America and Europe is breaking their heads over Putin's political thoughts, because nothing is known about them. .Nogo has no political, no economic programs! So, ale vin maє behind him united by the choices and moods of the Russians. Tse do not repeat me anxiety. І dalі: “We know about yoga as a resident of the KDB in the German Democratic Republic; tse it was more like a cіkave mіsce, where it was possible to learn more about it, moreover, what is democracy”.
Stop-stop... Hiba tse zі spheres of fantasy? The axis here already needs to be sharpened and marveled at what we ourselves can read. And we read “Troubles” in 2000, from the cycle “Political castlings”, like, well, and the book is opened.
For this mist, blame the suttve of food (vine, vtim, on the lining of a seer): “Who before us turns to the“ DILEM ”- a pessimist or a rationalist? A biased commentator and a participant in the activity, is he more of a skeptical peep at theatrum mundi? About what affect and antipathy does the author speak with readers? What thoughts go through the middle of the night?
Let me add one more question, but before seeing: “Why does the book start from the text to do away with the irrelevant, looking at the development of fashion on the international political scene? Adzhe in "Political castlings" you can find quotes, as if to say that Stanislav Lem's thought about the Russian president has changed over time. Already at the article “Theater of the World” it is read: “At once, a gra is being sprung up between Sunset and Russia, and President Putin is resting on the twine. Russia, from a rocket-nuclear bucephalus, has changed into a pony, and, with the ambitions of the Russian generals, can confirm its imperial status, and on the President’s thought, which has shown itself to be a hardy people, the most important economy and the special approach of America.
Although the Polish science fiction writer does not have any particular illusions about the closeness of Russia and America, he writes about the traces of a terrorist attack on the WTC near New York in the text “A Terrible Lesson”: a little goat was dancing with a niche.
Stanislav Lem explains his “anxieties” due to the fact that President Putin “makes things right” with Russia and brings them closer to Zakhod, using his straightforwardness, the guide of the “living classic”: “It’s not nice to sound, but chaos in Russia is for us corny. , below, try your best management in this country. In principle, those who Stanislaw Lem writes here, represent a significant world to those about whom the majority of Polish politicians slander with litter. Adzhe is all about those “Polish fears” - phobias, which still live in the presence of a significant part of society and elite.
Following the “polonophilism” of the German Chancellor Kohl, the Poles, with anxiety and jealousy, guard the “Russophilia” of Chancellor Schroeder. For the whole hour, turn yourself around in the vast territories of the Commonwealth - in Ukraine and Belarus - stink with hot water, so as not to win against the competition from Russia. To that, vlasne, more realistic food: “Who can make friends with Poland with a pivnіchno-skhіdny sudіd?”. І on the basis of the supply Stanislav Lem also gives an answer, as a meaningful world explains why in the last presidential elections in 2000. for the Social Democrat Oleksandr Kvasnevsky, the majority of the voters voted for them, even though the lions themselves would not be able to win such a vote.
I don’t have sympathies for the left Stanislav Lem, writing before these elections: “I’m afraid that I’ll vote for a new one, I don’t drink the shards of the best candidate: at once from the strength of yogo, with unrestricted waters and not enough yomu, it can be simpler - in the name of Poland, I’m interested in - know spilnu mova, perhaps, not stilki with Putin, skolki with his team, for the time being, to put the wines on their feet, even if you see that there are people who are selected from the stocks of the KDB.
There is no sense in a small article to quote everything that Lem said about Putin and Russia, even more so, but in the words “DILEMI” - the book is not about tse. "Political castlings" occupy only a small part of the book. In other texts, we already speak of that Lem, who is known from books from the galleys of popular science fiction and science. If you read the VRY book, you will understand that Russia and Putin really sit far from the first place at the "troubles" of the famous science fiction writer.
Biography
Stanislav Lem was born on the 12th of spring 1921. at the municipality of Lviv near Poland (at the same time Lviv enters the warehouse of Ukraine) at the same time at the local otolaryngologist.
Having learned medicine at the Lviv University, if the Other World War broke out. Irrespective of the Jewish trip to the military rock, they went away to the deportation in the ghetto without adding documents. Under the hour of the fascist occupation, Lem worked as an auto mechanic and a smelter, taking the fate of the group as a support for the Nazis. In 1946, Lem repatriated from the territory, which became part of the Soviet Socialist Republic, to Krakow and started studying medicine at the Jagiellon University (Uniwersytet Jagiellonski).
After the completion of the training, Stanislav Lem began to lay down his graduation and sleep, without prejudice to becoming a military doctor, and having taken away the certificate, he completed the course of the training. Vіn worked as an assistant at the Presidnitsky Institute and began to write letters at the right time with the method of earning additional income for the important military hour. First, do yoga were published in 1946. Pіznіshe tse zakhoplennya outgrew in the main occupation of Lem.
In 1973, Lem was rewarded with honorary membership in the American organization of science fiction writers SFWA (the founder of the Neb'yula award), for which he was awarded in 1976 for criticizing American science fiction literature, naming it because of the styles of writing and transcendental zatsіkavlennosti at the expense of new ideas and literary forms. In the past, the SFWA propagated you a special membership, as it was granted to him.
Befriended by Barbara Lesnyak, their son Lukash was born.
In 1977, Stanislav Lem became an honored resident of Krakow.
In 1981, Roci Lem took the honorary honors of the Wroclaw University of Technology (Politechnika Wroclawska), and later - Opole University, Lviv University and the Jagiellonian University.
The main idea of creativity
Stanislav Lem wrote importantly about the impossibility of the fusion of humankind with distant earthly civilizations, as well as about the technological future of earthly civilization. Pіznіshi yogi robots are also associated with idealistic and utopian suspіlstvo and the problems of the foundation of a person in the world, in a way of nothing work through technological development. Some of the worlds beyond the earth include swarms of mechanical coma (“Impossible”), the intelligent ocean (“Solaris”) and others. The problems of technological utopia are considered in "Light on the Earth", "Looking at the Mist" and a trifle in "Kiberiad".
Bibliography
Basic create
* "People from Mars" (Czlowiek z Marsa; 1947, vid. Russian in 1997)
* "Zirkovi schodenniki" (Dzienniki gwiazdowe; 1953-1999)
* The Unspent Hour (Czas nieutracony; 1955)
* "Dialogi" (Dialogi; 1957)
* "Turning zі zіrok" (Powrut z gwiazd; 1961, vid. Russian in 1965)
* "Schodennik, knowledge at the bath", also "Manuscript, knowledge at the bath" (Pamietnik znaleziony w wannie; 1961)
* "Wejscie na orbite" (Wejscie na orbite; 1962)
* "Fairy tales of robots" (Bajki robotуw; 1964)
* Poluvanie (Polowanie; 1965)
* "Absolute Vacuum" (Doskonala Pruznia; 1971)
* "Undead" (Katar; 1975)
* "Likarnya remade" (Szpital przemienienia; 1982, vid. Russian in 1995)
* "Looking at the Misc" (Wizja lokalna)
* "Fiasco" (Fiasco; 1986)
* "Light of the Earth" (Pokуj na Ziemi; 1987)
Screenshots of works
* "Bezmovna Zirka" (Der Schweigende Stern, 1959, dir. Kurt Metzig) - behind the novel "Astronauts"
* “Sharovanie pie” (Przekladaniec (television), 1968, dir. Andrzej Wajda)
* "Solaris" (1968, SRSR, TV show, dir. B. Nirenburg)
* "Solaris" (1972, SRSR, dir. Andriy Tarkovsky)
* "Test pilota Pirxa" (Test pilota Pirxa, 1978, dir. Marek P'estrak) - based on the story "Identity"
* "Likarnya Transfiguration" (Szpital przemienienia, 1979, dir. Edward Zebrovsky)
* "Solaris" (Solaris, 2002, USA, dir. Steven Soderbergh (1961)
* Iyon Quiet: Cosmopilot. (Ijon Tichy: Raumpilot) Series, Nіmechchina (2007).
I want to give you a question, what is life sense, but so wide, or so banal, that I will ask you otherwise: how is life possible?
- If you think about the future of humanity, then thinking about it, I always feel worried. We are going straight to the nuclear conflict. Prote, I don’t know, if there will be a residual silence - yakby knowing, then, singly, sitting at the same time with the American president in an armored safe.
- This is a terrible forecast.
- Terrible, but confirmed by facts. If you want to take a look at such a fragment of the political landscape: Tehran, having declared that it wants to continue its nuclear program, Israeli politician Benjamin Netanyahu, having come out with a plan to bomb Iranian nuclear centers, and Tehran, having bought missiles from Russians once a possible attack. Such a voltage does not obіtsya mіtsnogo svіtu.
- Do you care that the Received States can gain control over us?
- Ale Successful States, as Canadian Prime Minister Paul Martin said, is a giant without a head. Bachite, President Bush has such a peculiarity that he is a fool. I would like to talk about the fact that, having stood up against the theory of evolution at the expense of the so-called intelligent design (intelligent design - approx. Per.), the essence of what is supposed to be in that which is incomprehensible, which is out of place. The whole yoga administration is pushing this idiotic theory, but they just don’t stick to their minds.
- The idea of a sensible project, like a Polegaє, zokrema, in the fact that God is involved in the process of evolution, shows the Church, but not the right politicians. Adzhe Bush, praising the decision, it seems to be glad of the Creator himself.
- Well, now it’s like that, even if not all are right and wrong. For example, English conservatives are not idiots.
- And the Polish rights, how did they come to power?
- What are you talking about here, if Poland is a backwoods of civilization, if you really don’t have a good vag in the world? No one can tell before that we have yakis Kachori (kaczor - half "drake" - approx. Prov.). Not long ago I read your interview with "Przeglad" with the director Andrzej Zulawski, who called everyone by their proper names: Ridzik's era has come (1). Don't add, don't add. I always thought that the twins are smart. Time for an hour, trying to solve the problems of Poland according to the criminal code - it’s a pity, it’s a pity that the fun of little Yas is playing: give me a great chicken and everything in me to become a mіstsya. І talk about tse not varto.
- Maybe not varto, but I'm wondering why you still call out emotions.
- Mindful, negative. For if you want to repeat that trichі sіm - forty, it's important to sit quietly. Yakby I was thirty years younger, I would like to visit Poland again. Just nowhere.
- ?
- Yes, it's unacceptable. In Switzerland it is boring, in the Happy States it is stupid. . .
- However, I will say that we need to say a couple of words about Poland. What do you not like here?
- Those who shove me, who have three legs, at that hour, as I have two. For example, what did the colony with the United States give us when they invaded Iraq? Dirk like a donut. Navіscho gave us trimati of your service there? Chi vipay young mothers? I podіlyayu dumku, scho zhіnka nasvetsya narodі dіtinu only for the sake of pennies, then її it is necessary to allow the father's rights, because there is no reason. For a thousand zloty (bl. $ 300 - approx. Prov.) a person can get drunk on a penny, but a child can’t get drunk on a penny.
- What do you think about lustration? "Rozrahuvatisya z minulim" is written by the Kachinskys on ensigns.
- Tse bezgluzdo, more need to marvel at the future, and not at the past. Today about Mrozek (Mrozek) (2), who was tormented by the Security Service and was driven from the country, it seems that he was wrong from Poland. What a lighthouse! All our digging in history lies in the fact that if one idiot says something, then we will not run into forty philosophers. Today we stand in front of others. And ordi ordi mohair berets (3) antrochs will not help us, as if the Arabs want to plant a bomb near the Warsaw metro. An hour ago, an experiment was carried out, with the method of which it was possible to reconsider the severity of the Polish suspense at the time of the terrorist act: a sack was thrown at the huge city. I what? Who should call the police? No, more than our spіvvіtchiznik yogo is just lying. Such is the state of our community of witnesses. I need to practice over the cym, and not over the past, which is no longer possible and will not be.
- Do you care that we are not ready for the threats, as if you are carrying the current light?
- But what if the politician wins the choice, if you threaten the sellers a little bit, to make it seem like it’s completely real? Politicians vvazhayut for better rozpovidat kazka. And the order can not take care of them, as if they were privileged to lie with Ridzik’s father, or as if they were changing Lepper (4), but for the creation of a new construction program, let’s say, with water supply, which would make our economy more efficient.
- Now you are selling a utopia. Aje mi can’t have a decent freeway, what are they talking about foldable technologies, yakі vymagayut billionaire vitrates!
- Well, it really smells like a terrible utopia; build better roads near Slovakia. You know, if you don’t roll up your sleeves and don’t start working, then everything will end with a balakan. And the world really collapses to hell. Iraqi food launched. Syria is also not clean. Tehran, singly, does not slander for the sake of the security of the UN. I really respect that by the way, who is the president of Poland. It matters who is the President of America. Today, dozens of people are living in Iraq, and what a fool it seems, the situation is getting better. Why work with such a person?
- Maybe impeachment?
- For whom there are no suitable constitutional foundations. And if you want to eat some nasty Arab, then we have Vice-President Cheney, who doesn't stand for Bush. Itself through such people became the light of the Daedalus.
- Bachu, you lost your thoughts, hanging from the roses with Stanislaw Beres (Stanislaw Beres) - what kind of godly idiots should rule the world?
- Isn't that right, hiba? Vchora Lepper seems to be: Balcerowicz (5) may be at the post office, today: Balcerowicz may be out of stock, and the next day the leader of the "Self-defense" declares that Balcerowicz may practice at the quarries. I what? If Lepper does not have any political program, people vote for him and take a third place in the elections. Moreover, as if by a miracle, you can learn to learn university professors. And then Kaczynski will be given the opportunity to appoint Vice-Marshal of the Seimas. But then the skin, who still has hair on his head, wondering at everything, Yogo Virvati is guilty! I have, fortunately, already mute.
- It will only be hotter here, because nothing really started?
- So, in a right way, it will be known on the 23rd of the chest, if Kachinsky officially enters the president's landing. Although we are already accepting guests, more, as Condoleezza Rice arrived, the first time I kissed my hand.
- Well, friendship with America is more important for us. . .
- And what do we need to work? You can’t talk about friendship with Putin, because you don’t love us, and not only for the Orange Revolution, but, before the speech, didn’t change anything in particular. I'm talking not only about political conflicts, but about the mind of people's lives. My friend, the writer Radek Knapp (Radek Knapp), who lives in Austria, but on request from Lvov, turning around, telling me with a flicker that the water there has been there for three years a day, the bridges have not been happy since 1939. For me, it hurts especially, I'm from Lvov.
- Do you have a chance for Poland in the European Union?
- And what do you think, it is possible, like Roma Gertikh (6), to become an opponent of the European Union at once and pay pennies to the European Union? Why do the stench try to help us? For those who do not love them? Indeed, it’s even more foldable food, for that I am sho z as a marvelous predilection for myself. If I read foreign newspapers and work regularly, I do not know there any particular interest in Poland. They don’t really give a damn about us, but if they write it already, it’s most bad. As if we were talking about it. I about a lot of other speeches.
- Yakih, for example?
- For example, about those who were placed before Oleksandr Kvasnevsky. Those who are oblivious today, once perekonayutsya that they were wrong. It made sense, I didn’t become an angel, but knowing my language, showing us well, as if following my own bindings.
- Prote those who attack Kvasnevsky today, want to go further: mriyut about those who want to call yogo to the Supreme Court?
- It’s typical for a little Polish hell: if you want to be better for others, it’s wrong to put it back at the boiler. Narazi Polshcha "B" (7) took Kachinsky, ale, from the other side, Tusk is also not a ryativnik. That, in my opinion, is the main problem of Polish politics: we have no decent parties, no one to vote for.
- And what year did you vote for?
- So, the squad ordered (laugh). The whole of Krakow voted for Tusk, it is not surprising that on the posters of the Kaczynski bulo "Kachin flu" is attributed. Ale, you know, from the other side, I don’t believe in the rumors about those that these twins are demons, like they entangle all of Poland with their tentacles. The last hour has passed, if you want the stench to catch up with the economy. I, as if I smell the ideas of Mrs. Lubinskoy (Lubinska), grab my head. Abo Lepper, who wants to charge more pennies.
- How do you know why 16 years of t.zv. free to choose to play, what is there to grab, obscurantist?
- One hundred and sixty rokiv - not enough, there are sixteen. The only reason we can please is the freedom of the press and the institution of censorship. Reshta looks like that, looking like yonder. For example, intellectuals, like to make a vag in today's Poland, can be placed in the qiu kіmnatu, de mi at once rozmovlyаєmo. On the other hand, we have one significant literary city for everyone. If you want to write a book about philately, you can also apply for Nike. It's not normal.
– What about Polish science?
- (smіh) Yake there! We don't have much of a Nobel in the realm of science, so what are we talking about? Today in Poland you can become a professor, we have full professors, only the axis of lakayucha kіlkіst does not want to go to the level. My son studied physics at the University of Princeton, at a new scientific level. Turning back to Poland. Why do youmu work here? Hands to catch atoms?
– Another Polish sin: anti-Semitism. I am marvelous to those that the Polish detachment highly appreciates the radio station, in the winds of such a Judeo-phobic rozmovi є zvichaynoy right.
- Well, anti-Semitism is deeply rooted in the suspіlnіy svіdomosti. This is a good illustration of one of Mrozhek's confessions: it was as if they had shot, if they asked: "What is going on here?" And I can hear the answer: "It's nothing like that, they shoot the Jews there for the sake of it." Anti-Semitism is based on a simple scheme: stink for me. And the one who is older can be skinny: a communist, a freemason, a gay. Tse niyak does not capture the Polish mentality. Ale is not enough. We don’t want to fight with thoughts, we don’t have a mind to cackle. We should drink a week before church, and then forget about everything immediately. So safer.
- Wee zvernuli respect, scho mi terribly loved to skarzhitisya? I constantly feel what is said today - terribly unpopular.
- And why work, because Poland doesn’t have anything good, we’ll surround the garnier girls. Maybe don’t stink wisely, but take a good look. Tse already schos, you don’t guess so?
- I'm good with you.
- Nothing marvelous, more young, but I'm not a good one, which for me is a joy, even though I can't do anything anymore. And how serious. . . I have already gone through many political systems, what can I say, how can I be tempted, more so, that I do not care for those who have survived, especially those who are breathless: Please, German occupation, then again, please, then the NDP, and now - it’s unbelievable. On the cob tsієї razmovi you wanted to ask me about the sense of life, but they shrugged off the food. And I would like to see: to lie down everything, depending on where you live. Our retinue often marvels at what everyone has experienced, and it seems that it happened. Ale, wow.
- Do you want me to hope?
- For the world? Zhalyugidni prospects. How can one effectively fight, for example, terrorism, what will be done if the threat of death is ineffective in some way? Aje stink only and check for those who die. So, like I said on the back of my hand: right, but irrevocably we will go to a nuclear conflict. I don't see it, but it's obvious.
– And for Poland?
- Now there are checks on us. Ale lishe on chotiri rocky. Let's sweat the people, like a throw, to which they put a cactus under the tail, to bricate more often, and not to lose track of the twins. The stench is just to drown at the sea of unknown obitsyanok.
- I'm on the verge of hope for a larger term.
- Ah, I’ll sooner or later Mother God will appear, so that they will give us a whole lot of money. Unfortunately, I'm not really into cero- rah. The Poles, as if to say Norwid (9) - are a wonderful people and nowhere is an adjunct to supplication. If you look at history, you see already rich fates. Sing that they throw themselves on bagnets - always be kind, but from being an honest person in the world and not working on anything especially brought - it’s already a problem. If you want to live happily in Poland, then you need a penny and a copper forehead. You won't see anything else.
- In one film by Woody Allen, there is such a motive: the main character is making a television film about one prominent gray-haired man, who is prejudicedly telling about everything that he has tried in life, but it’s not true, if the film is already taken, to commit self-destruction, chim all. Do you think that knowledge about this world can help you understand life?
- Maybe. But my special thought is this: in the infinitely empty dawn, there is a small, simply microscopic glimpse of witness - my chi, ants, or like a bird - and then, if life ends, it’s not extinguished, it’s worth it. I'm going to give up, this light of war will shine. Ale, in the grass of the advancing fate, a new tato has arrived, and, sing-song, tell us about this cicavishe.
Biography
Polish science fiction writer, genre - science and philosophy fiction. Stanislav Lem was born on the 12th of spring 1921 in Lvov, as a laryngologist. "At Chotiri, I learned to write. Really, it’s true, I didn’t have a moment to write. The first sheet, which I wrote to my father’s Skole, where I went with my mother, was a small description of my use in the right strong toilet. So, so, to that very - with a fiddle in a wooden bed. Actually, I didn’t become a fool. im. K.S. Szajnochy, in 1939, having received a certificate of secondary education.
In 1939-1941, having studied at the Lviv Medical Institute, in a kind of "having spent a manіvtsem, first of all, having put it down for a polytechnic, as if he had a lot of cіkavіshoy. bourgeois) they didn’t accept me ... Batko won his ties and for the help of Professor Parnassus, a leading biochemist, they ruled me over medicine, without the least enthusiasm from my side. ("Stanislav Lem to himself"). Under the hour of the German occupation, Stanislav Lem worked as an assistant mechanic and a brewer at the garages of a German company, who was engaged in the processing of syrovin. In 1944, when the Radyansk army again came to Lvov, Lem continued his studies at the medical institute. In 1946, Lvov ceased to lie in Poland, and Stanislav, as part of the repatriation campaign, moved to Krakow, de so becoming the practice of medicine. In 1948 he graduated from the medical faculty of the Jagiellonian University in Krakow (Wydziale Medycznym Uniwersytetu Jagiellonskiego). Stanislav Lem having taken away the certificate of completion of medical education, and then decided to put the rest of the sleep, so that the doctor's car was buried. In 1948-1950, Lem worked as a young assistant at the Konwersatorium Naukoznawczym.
Since 1946, rock has begun to drukuvatisya. Lem's first novel, "The Man from Mars" (Czlowiek z Marsa), was an injunction to the print magazine "Nowy Swiat Przygod". In 1951, the first sci-fi book by Stanislav Lem - "Astronauts" (Astronauci) was entrusted. In 1953, Roci Lem became friends with Dr. Barbara Lesniak. "... I got to know her, I guess, in 1950, and after 2 or 3 years of oblogs, she accepted my proposition. bli vkrit tsvillu, the squad, choosing to finish medical education, lived with her sister on the streets of Sarego ... "(" Stanislav Lem about himself "). Zdiv at Skhidny Nimechchyna, Prague, Radiansky Union. In 1982, after the introduction of the military camp near Poland, Stanislav Lem left the fatherland. In 1983 the company moved to Venni. In 1988 he turned to Poland. In the 90s, Lem Zdebіlshy wrote futurological forecasts, spіvpratsyuvav with the Catholic tizhnevnik "Tygodnik Powszechy", with the "Odra" magazine, with the Polish version of the PC Magazine.
In 1973, the American Science Fiction Writers of America recognized Stanislaw Lem's literary achievements, but Lem tried to finish the crime of being critical of the low level of American science fiction inclusions. After Lem's exclusion, Michael Moorcock and Ursula Le Guine, in protest, asked for their "returns". Станіслав Лем - член Польської Асоціації Письменників та Polish Pen-Club, почесний доктор Вроцлавського політехнічного інституту, член PAU (Polska Akademia Umiejetnosci; 1994), лауреат багатьох національних та зарубіжних премій, у тому числі Державної премії ПНР (Posі Державної премії Австрії (Austrian State Prize for the European Culture; 1986), laureate of the Franz Kafka Prize, Knight of the Order of the White Eagle (The Medal of the White Eagle; 1996), student of many advanced degrees (Warsaw Polytechnic, Opole University, University of Lv Jagiellonian University). Stanislaw Lem is a member of the "Poland 2000" committee, which is a protectorate of the Polish Academy of Sciences.
Biography
Lem reach all-world popularity like a science fiction writer, so many people take yoga like a modern classic. Ale, Lem's prose is more philosophic, filed in reading in artistic images. The vines of the bay are mercilessly piercing and cold light rose to the mind to attach a little bit of human civilization. Summing up everything, right down to the simplest and tired truths. Lem's head "thievery" is Rozum's line, nebazhannya to think about the essence of speeches and laws that govern the Svetobudovoy. Another serious adversary is Rozum's pride: we know a lot, we know everything! - Well, hiba tse is not a funny zabobon?
Possibly, such a look of the world was sanctified by the otrimana writer. Before the beginning of the Other world war of wines, I studied at the Lviv Medical Institute, and after completing my studies at the famous Jagiellonian University (Krakiv) already at the war rock. I used to be a practicing doctor. And in the literature of wines, having revealed a "medical" pidkhid: be it a manifestation, be it an idea, Dr. Lem impartially make a diagnosis, and then we will work "roztin" with the firmness of a pathologist.
Tsey writer glorifying Poland. Ale have yogo creations trohi "Polishness". In the greater world, Lem is "a great man of the world." At the rock of the Other light war, he survived a little of the rock of the fascist occupation, did not spend much at the ghetto, taking the fate of the opposing zagarbniks.
In the 1980s, we may have spent ten years living in Poland and having sufficiently risen in price for Europe, accepting it as our "great fatherland". Tim hour Poles zhorstko razdelilis on prihlonіv and opponents of the communist regime. In the country, having panoved a forward mood, it became clear that the radian troops would go to the territory of the country. Turning back already to our Poland: communism in this country has taken the rest of the positions.
In the 1940s, the world saw the first science-fiction explanations and novels. Since the 1950s, Stanislav Lem is a professional writer, who has abandoned his medical work. Popularity came to new speed. For a quarter of a century, having created the best of your creations - the right "light of Lem". The peak of the literary career of the science fiction writer was between 1951 and 1976. During the course of the year, the classical forms of the artist's rozpovidi clearly scored a meter (want the hour at the hour of the wine turns before them). Already in the 1970s, one began to write in an undivided form, creating a kind of collection of bare ideas - scientific, critical, philosophical - as a kind of relief to the literary shell. Tse "scenarios of novels", reviews of obscure books, treatises, vicons in the style of intellectual gri.
The respect of millions of readers was turned on us by Lem's cosmic fantasy. Under the sign of "space odyssey" the first book was created - "Astronauts" (1951), which won wide popularity. But on a high p'edestal known to authority in the gallery of science fiction, Stanislav Lem was lifted by another book: the novel "Magellan's Cloudy" (1955). In the period of 1950-1960s, at the edges of the socialist camp, there was a pompous cry: show the population of the future paradise under the ensigns of communist ideology, rozpovisti, for the sake of which zhahli sacrifices were made at the Other World’s War, rose, cleared up the whole reform . The USSR produced large-scale utopian paintings created by Ivan Efremov, Georgiev Gurevich, Arkady and Boris Strugatsky. Lem vykonav in the novel "Magellan's Hmara" the same task: the first part of the novel is occupied by a story about the people of the future - honest, clean, burning with creative fire; the other part of the messengers of the Earth on a colossal scale bring communism to aliens. Ale and in "The Astronauts", and "Magellan's Hmari" Lem is a dry, academic, yogo talent to go through the stage of formation. Just like the 1950s, I create one of my favorite heroes - a feisty, respectable and orderly person, pilot-space pilot Pirks. In Pirks-te, the gift of Lem the artist, a sumptuous and romantic, not much like Lem the thinker - cold gluzuvannya, "reality trepanator" appeared. For three decades Pirks ishov from line to line. Lem showed with extraordinary clarity: living beyond the inter-terrestrial atmosphere, people do not get rid of their problems, but simply blame them in space, and forever you will need quiet reasonable "pirxy" to stun people for two short cuts of catastrophe. Readers fell in love with this hero, perhaps more, or less, if there were any other characters that came from the pen of a Polish science fiction writer.
In the novel "Turning from the Stars" (1961), Lem presented to readers two eternally competing truths - the "truth of science" and the "truth of the tribukh". From one side - the image of the inhabitant, who wants to defend himself against foreign aggression, rule in life for himself and his family, indulge the zukhvaloj craving for the knowledge of the world, then trust his loved ones and his home. Other than that - the image of a heroic cosmonaut, a learned one, ready to pay both his own and other people's lives for new knowledge, but at the same time, unpaid in a rightful way of love, to live in the face of special psychological problems to the end of the world. Lemme honestly and with extraordinary scrupulousness to direct arguments on both sides (in the artistic form). Who's right? Chi, maybe, offending parties? How can people live without people and live without people?
Shanuvalnik rozumu, Stanislav Lem miraculously rozumіv і obmezhenіst yogo opportunities. At an early warning "Shur at the labyrinth" I painted a picture for the fanatics to suffocate in contact with aliens, a gloomy picture: the human mind is weak and surrounded, to establish a dialogue with the dying pribulets. In the novel "Unperemable" (1954), all the technological progress of earthlings knows the defeats in the battle with the cybernetic quasi-organism. The very fact of ordering the crew of the earthly sorrel, equipped with the last word of science, is based on success: they simply didn’t give special respect to people, some were driven in, some were god-willed, they ordered better equipment, but with whom they didn’t especially commemorate the bulges. If you don’t want to succumb to force, if you want science, there will always be great power ... In the poignant, rather gloomy novel "Investigation" (1959), representatives of science together with the police show themselves powerless in front of the mystery of a series of rapt Sundays. The cold bodies of the shimmers fill the morgues, the whole team of sensible people fights over the food, as to why you need it, but you can’t help them. The book ends, and the riddle becomes a riddle. The novel "Solaris" (1961) is considered the pinnacle of Lem's work. In the new colossal, the knowledge of human science, the knowledge of human science, appears powerless and marnim, if a drop of conscience and a drop of kohanna were needed. Solaris shows the author's attitude to the problem of between, setting up knowledge, surrounding the human mind. People can be space ships, growlingly develop the sphere of scientific knowledge, accumulating oceans and facts. Ale іsnuє as a minimum two positions, yakі it is impossible to know to the rest of the border. Tse, first, God (because it is God-like, that I give the most sanction to everything that exists). I, in a different way, is a person herself. A colossal amount of knowledge, chosen by the great stretch of a century, it is impossible to apply to self-knowledge. And yakbi th it is possible bulo, chi would wait for a person to virishuvate their internal problems for the help of science? Pretty sure. Lem is the great master of setting up nutritional inconsistencies, formulating global problems. Ale vin dozhe seldom give vіdpovidі. In the shortest time, I tell you, how to behave as an okremіy people and to humanity as a whole, so that you don’t look like a total idiot (a dozen of billions of new idiots) when you are stuck with such food and problems. So, it is necessary to observe, it is necessary to predict, it is necessary to go into the field to help you intellect. And only as a person to establish himself in the thought, that he was far away to know the truth in the rest of the instance, eternally and indestructibly, Lem at the same time yogo osmiyannya. And yogo smіh is merciless.
Stanislav Lem's Peru has a lot of cycles of humorous science fiction, driven by wild heroes. Two beloved couples play the role of a kind of entertainer, conductors of paradoxical ideas. The first of them is the space explorer Ion Tikhiy and Professor Tarantoga. Others are the great cybernetic winemakers Trurl and Klapauciy. The robotic dichotomy is only a drive, which makes it possible to show the stupidity and illogicality of the structure of the human society, to display the scientific inconsistency, to demonstrate the immaturity of mass literature.
One of the best works of Lem and, perhaps, the most terrible, is the fantastic detective Undead (1976). One by one, God's will and commit self-destruction of a few middle-aged rich amateurs in Italian resorts. In order to uncover a mysterious attack, a private detective agency organized a "imitation operation". People were sent to Italy, as in everything they are as similar as possible to the victims. Vіn mav vіdvіdati mіstsya, de stinks lived, rose up and perished. As a result, it turned out that all self-tipped pliers came to the camp of depression under the influx of chemical speeches, to be avenged in absolutely non-negligible objects - the disease of oblisinnya, zatsukrovannoy tomdala, cheap wine is thin. The world becomes very unquiet and uncrowded. Threat to take revenge on your own, as it is impossible to talk. Suchasnіst was prompted by "old rich bіlі people", stverdzhuyuchi in the world those who are dear to them. Ale in the other half of the 20th century. suspense rushed into them because of control, that beginning to destroy them. "The people on the floor have multiplied and strengthened, - one of the heroes of the Undead world has died, - the law will start pouring into something, for which the atoms will be founded. The atom skin ... collapses chaotically, but chaos itself gives rise to a singing order." Lem is one of the first things that is colder than the future, that lies from the third thousand years into the comfort of the world of modern activity, which thrives on physical and mathematical statements, deceitful political science and banking law. Vіn ahead: the people were calling the houses, for whom all the goodness can inspire you to be like a mit.
Some films have been made behind Lem's creations. Repeatedly screened the novel "Solaris" - zokrema, directed by A. Tarkovsky. The Soviet Socialist Republic also has a popular film "Identification of Pilot Pirks" for the story "Court".
Lem also became the author of a significant practice of scientific character. Zokrema, in the whole world of fahivtsі z predicting the future within the framework of science - futurology - to know the fundamental, even significant work of Stanislav Lem "Fantasy and Futurology" (1970). In an early book - "Suma tekhnologii" (1964), the science fiction writer himself acts as a practicing futurologist. We are trying to design routes for the development of modern civilization, may be on the verge of those that are safe from the future technogenic basis. Nareshti, widely viewed yogo culturological practice "Philosophy of vipadku" (1968). The rest of the decade of Lem's work is marked by an important interest in philosophy, sociology, methodology, and not in artistic literature. Prote yogo im'ya will tie us to science fiction.
Official website of Stanislaw Lem - lem.pl (English, Polish, Russian)
Biography
Life and creativity
The best biography to be written by Stanislav Lem himself. In the novel "High Castle" (1975), the authors wrote about their childhood in Lvov, and "My Life", published in Berlin in 1983, avenged the writer's thoughts about "difficult spiritual practice", the writing method, which glorified the author with such famous works, like "Solyaris", "Zoryan's students of John the Quiet", "Futurological Congress" and "Turning from the Stars".
Childhood and youth near Lvov
Stanislaw Lem was born at the well-being of the medical family of the Polish-Jewish journey. Father Samuel Lem, a laryngologist by profession, previously serving as a military doctor in the army of the Austro-Ugric region; the matir of the writer led the domestic state. From 1932 to 1939, Rick Stanislav started studying at the II Human Gymnasium named after Karol Shainokha2. Having obtained a certificate of middle education, Stanisla Lem, walking in the footsteps of a father, having entered the Lviv Medical Institute, started in 1940 - 1941 in the period when Lviv became a city of Radians. On the cob of Another light war and the German occupation of Lviv in 1942, Lem worked as an assistant mechanic and a brewer at the garages of a German company, which was engaged in the processing of syrovin. Zavdyaky pіdroblenym documents vіn zmіg surviving in the heavy minds of the Nazi purges, instantly taking the fate of the Polish support. If the Radyansk Viyska zvilnili the city in 1944, Lem continued his studies at the medical institute.
Moving to Krakow and the beginning of writing activity
In 1946, after having ceased to belong to Poland, Stanislav Lem, as part of the repatriation campaign, moved to Krakow, de joining the medical faculty of the Jagiellonian University. The same river became the fate of the literary debut of Stanislav Lem - the magazine "New World of Goods" (Nowy Swiat Przygod) published an article "A Man from Mars" (Czlowiek z Marsa), and for the period 1946 - 1948 short notices. After graduating from the university in 1948, Lem took away the certificate of completion of medical education, but did not take away his diploma, so that in the rest of his life he was inspired to study the Lisenok doctrine in the soul, which he also learned in biology. The graduation of the diploma made Lem lose all hopes of continuing scientific studies to take up theoretical biology, prote zvіlnіl yogo due to the need to work as a military doctor, shards of fahivtsі with a higher medical education were automatically called up to the army. Back in 1947, Lem took the position of an assistant-graduate at the Jagiellonian University in the laboratory of Dr. Mieczysław Chojnowski, a prominent Polish specialist in psychometry. At the same time, Lem wrote a speech in the journal "Life of Science" (Zycie Nauki), de writing reviews of various galleries of scientific knowledge. In 1953, Lem became friends with the doctor-radiologist Barbara Lesniak.
In the same period, Lem wrote the autobiographical novel "The Reformation of the Medicine" (Szpital Przemienienia), and the censors of the Stalinist Poland hindered the vision of creativity until 1955, until the writer corrected the novel from traditions. socialist realism. This novel and a number of other works by Lem painted optimistic pictures of the future, where science and technology served communist progress. Wanting to see Lem again these early works, at that time the stench hung like one of the most important Polish writers. Have 1951 r. Lem was allowed to publish the novel "Astronauts" (Astronauci), which is like science fiction literature intended for a young audience and only those who depict the triumph of interplanetary communism in the future.
Creativity in 1960 - 1980
After the new years of 1956, if the process of de-Stalinization began in Poland and the pressure of power on literature eased, the tone of Lem's works changed and became more independent, experimental and more radical, wanting the writer of the head of the country to achieve the impressions of their own political views. The Polish order, as before, does not tolerate any criticism at its address, but instead respects science fiction as a genre of unimportant and non-serious, allowing її prikhilniks to turn to the fenced political power under the mask of a non-serious fantasy. The coming 2 decades, starting from the end of the 1960s, turned the Polish writer Lem into the whole world famous writer Stanislav Lema3. Same in the circles Lem buli written like this create at home yak "Eden" (Eden, 1959), "Turning from the stars" (Powrot z gwiazd, 1961), "Solaris" (Solaris, 1961), "Irresistible" (Niezwyciezony, 1964), "Cyberiada" (Cyberiada) "Voice of the Lord (Glos Pana, 1968), Dzienniki gwiazdowe (1953-1999)4 - a total of 17 books, many of which were translated by foreign language. Lem's international fame as a serious science fiction writer was reinforced by the appearance of the world's Dialogues (Dialogi, 1957) and Sumi Technologies (Summa Technologiae, 1964), which lie down to Lem's most important philosophical texts.
Have 1973 p. The American Science Fiction Society (SFWA), having recognized Lem's literary achievements, voted him an honorary member. Tim is no less, Lem was promptly turned on for the announcement of Philip Farmer and other authors. Other members, Ursula Le Guin's office, protested against this decision. Under the same pressure, Lem was propagandized in 1976 for membership, although it was more important, but he was inspired. In 1982, after the introduction of the military camp in Poland, Stanislav Lem left the fatherland and moved to Western Berlin, de joining the Institute for Advanced Studies (Wissenschaftskolleg zu Berlin). Through the river Lem ruled at Vidnia. Behind the cordon, Lem wrote 2 of his remaining science fiction novels: "Light on Earth" (Pokoj na Ziemi, 1987) and "Fiasco" (Fiasko, 1986). Pismennik turned to Poland in 1988 roci. On the 26th of March 2006 Stanislav Lem died near Krakow.
Biography (V. A. Khorev. Great Radianska Encyclopedia. - M: Radianska Encyclopedia. 1969-1978.)
Lem (Lem) Stanislav (born September 12, 1921, Lviv), Polish writer. Born with this doctor. 1939-41 studied at the Lviv Medical Institute; graduated from the medical faculty of the Jagiellonian University near Krakow (1948). Friendship began in 1946. The author of numerous science-fiction works, in which one can see the social traces of the development of science and technology, vikrivayetsya slower setting to life, militarism, military psychosis: "Astronauts" (1951, Russian translation 1957) 1955, Russian translation 1960), "Eden" (1959, Russian translation 1966), "Invasion from Aldebaran" (1959, Russian translation 1960), "Turning from the Star" (1961; Russian translation 1965 - from the front of the cosmonaut). Titov), "Schodennik, knowledge at the bath" (1961), "Solaris" (1961, Russian translation 1963; one-shot film 1972), "Impossible" (1964, Russian translation 1964) and in. L.'s work often leads to philosophical grotesque, satire, and parody (“Zoryany Shchodenniki”, 1957; “Tales of Robots”, 1964; “Cyberiad”, 1965; “Poluvannya”, 1965; that in.). L. also wrote the psychological novel The Neutral Hour (1955), the detective novel The Investigation (1959), the autobiographical novel The High Castle (1966, Russian translation 1969), essay books on the philosophical problems of cybernetics (Dialogues, 195) , cosmonautics (“Departure into orbit”, 1962), heuristics and futurology (“Suma tekhnologii”, 1964, Russian translation 1968), science about literature (“Philosophy of Departure”, 1968) and science fiction (“Absolute Vacuum”), .
Op.; Fantastyka i futurologia, t. 1-2, Kr., 1970; Bezsennosc, Kr., 1971; Opowiesci about pilocie Pirxie, Warsz., 1973; at the Russians. prov. - Formula Limfater, M., 1964; Poluvannya on sevra, M., 1965; Navigator Pirke. - Voice of Heaven, M., 1971.
Biography
Stanislav Lem was born on the 12th of spring 1921 in Lvov, as a laryngologist. “At Chotiri Roki I learned to write. Really, really, it’s not a moment to win. The first sheet, which I wrote to my father in Skole, where I went with my mother, was a small description of my use at the right rural toilet. So-so, to the same one - with a dirkoy at the wooden podloz. Schos I, schopravda, did not become a guess. At my own dirka, I have thrown the link of the keys of our master ... ”(“ Stanislav Lem to himself ”) In 1932, I studied at the 2nd human gymnasium named after I. KS Szajnochy, in 1939 having received a certificate of secondary education.
In 1939-1941, having studied at the Lviv Medical Institute, in a kind of “having spent a manіvtsy, I first put down the sleep at the polytechnic, like having a rich cіkavіshoy. I’m sleeping well, but, being a representative of the “wrong social class” (dad is a local laryngologist, that’s a bourgeois), they didn’t accept me ... Batko won his ties and for the help of Professor Parnassus, a famous biochemist, they ruled me for the development of medicine, without any kind of interest my side." ("Stanislav Lem to himself"). Under the hour of the German occupation, Stanislav Lem worked as an assistant mechanic and a brewer at the garages of a German company, who was engaged in the processing of syrovin. In 1944, when the Radyansk army again came to Lvov, Lem continued his studies at the medical institute. In 1946, Lvov ceased to lie in Poland, and Stanislav, as part of the repatriation campaign, moved to Krakow, de so becoming the practice of medicine. In 1948 he graduated from the medical faculty of the Jagiellonian University in Krakow (Wydziale Medycznym Uniwersytetu Jagiellonskiego). Stanislav Lem having taken away the certificate of completion of medical education, and then decided to put the rest of the sleep, so that the doctor's car was buried. In 1948-1950, Lem worked as a young assistant at the Konwersatorium Naukoznawczym.
Since 1946, rock has begun to drukuvatisya. Lem's first novel "The Man from Mars" (Czlowiek z Marsa) was cited in the print magazine "Nowy Swiat Przygod". In 1951, the first science-fiction book by Stanislav Lem, Astronauts (Astronauci), was entrusted. In 1953, Roci Lem became friends with Dr. Barbara Lesniak. “... I got to know her, I guess, in 1950, and after 2 hours of 3 years of oblogs, she accepted my proposition. At the same time, we didn’t have a life of moisture: I hung out in a crimson kіmnatzі, the walls were like a vkritі tsvіllu, the squad, choosing to finish medical education, lived with my sister on the streets of Sarego ... ”(“ Stanislav Lem to himself ”). Zdiv at Skhidny Nimechchyna, Prague, Radiansky Union. In 1982, after the introduction of the military camp near Poland, Stanislav Lem left the fatherland. In 1983 the company moved to Venni. In 1988 he turned to Poland. In the 90s, Lem Zdebіlshy wrote futurological forecasts, spoke from the Catholic tizhnik "Tygodnik Powszechy", from the "Odra" magazine, and from the Polish version of the PC Magazine.
In 1973, the American Science Fiction Writers of America recognized Stanislaw Lem's literary achievements, but Lem tried to finish the crime of being critical of the low level of American science fiction inclusions. After Lem's exclusion, Michael Moorcock and Ursula Le Gujin, in protest, asked for their "returns". Станіслав Лем - член Польської Асоціації Письменників та Polish Pen-Club, почесний доктор Вроцлавського політехнічного інституту, член PAU (Polska Akademia Umiejetnosci; 1994), лауреат багатьох національних та зарубіжних премій, у тому числі Державної премії ПНР (Posі Державної премії Австрії (Austrian State Prize for the European Culture; 1986), laureate of the Franz Kafka Prize, Knight of the Order of the White Eagle (The Medal of the White Eagle; 1996), student of many advanced degrees (Warsaw Polytechnic, Opole University, University of Lv Jagiellonian University). Stanislav Lem was a member of the "Poland 2000" committee, which was under the protectorate of the Polish Academy of Sciences.
He died on the 27th of February 2006 at the age of Krakow in the city of 84 years after a thriving heart disease.
Bibliography
Romani
* 1951 - Astronaut (Astronauci)
* 1955 - Likarnya Transfiguration (Szpital Przemienienia)
* 1955 - Magellanic gloom (Oblok Magellana)
* 1955 - Research (Sledztwo)
* 1959 - Eden (Eden)
* 1961 - Powrot z gwiazd
* 1961 - Manuscript, knowledge at the bathroom (Pamietnik znaleziony w wannie)
* 1961 - Solaris (Solaris)
* 1964 - Neperemozhny (Niezwyciezony)
* 1966 - High Castle (Wysoki zamek)
* 1968 - Voice of the Lord (Niezwyciezony)
* 1971 - Futurological Congress (Kongres futurologiczny)
* 1976 - Undead (Katar)
* 1982 - Looking at the Misc (Wizja lokalna)
* 1986 - Fiasko (Fiasco)
* 1987 - Peace on Earth (Pokoj na Ziemi)
Cycles of stories and opovidan
* Fairy tales of robots (Bajki robotow)
* 1964 - Three electricians (Trzej elektrycerze)
* 1964 - Uranovі vuha (Uranowe uszy)
* 1964 - Jak Erg Samowzbudnik Bladawca pokonal
* 1964 - Skarby of King Biskalara (Skarby krola Biskalara)
* 1964 - Two monsters (Dwa potwory)
* 1964 - Bila death (Biala smierc)
* 1964 - Jak Mikromil i Gigacyan rasbіgannyu nebulae budded (Jak Mikromil i Gigacyan ucieczke mglawic wszczeli)
* 1964 - A fairy tale about a digital machine, a yak fought a dragon (Bajka o maszynie cyfrowej, co ze smokiem walczyla)
* 1964 - Radniki of King Hydrops (Doradcy krola Hydropsa)
* 1964 - Friend of Automateus (Przyjaciel Automateusza)
* 1964 - King Globares and Wise Men (Krol Globares i medrcy)
* 1963 - Tale about King Murdas (Bajka o krolu Murdasie)
* 1992 - Riddle (Zagadka)
* Cyberiada (Cyberiada)
* 1964 - Yak utsіlіv Vsesvit (Jak ocalal swiat)
* 1964 - Trurla Machine (Maszyna Trurla)
* 1964 - Mitsniy Prochuhana (Wielkie lanie)
* More expensive Trurlya and Klapaucia
* 1965 - Persha is more expensive, or Pastka Gargantsiana (Wyprawa pierwasza, czyli pulapka Gargancjana)
* 1964 - Wyprawa pierwasza A, czyli Eletrybalt Trurla
* 1965 - Make a friend dearer, because Trurl and Klapauciy tsarevі Cruelbite were given a servant to Yak. (Wyprawa druga, czyli oferta krola Okrucyusza)
* 1963 - The third is more expensive, or the dragons are ymovirn. (Wyprawa trzecia, czyli smoki prawdopodobienstwa)
* 1965 - The fourth is more expensive, or About those, yak Trurl zhenotron zastosuvav, bazhayuchi the prince of the Pantarctic in the languor of love indulge, and yak potim happened to get to the detonator. (Wyprawa czwarta, czyli about that, yak Trurl kobietron zastosowal, krolewicza Pantarktyka odmak milosnych chcac zbawic, i yak potem do uzycia dzieciomiotu przyszlo)
* 1965 - Pay dearer, or About the windings of King Balerion. (Wyprawa piata, czyli o figlach krola Baleryona)
* 1964 - More expensive point A, or Trurl's Consultation. (Wyprawa piata A, czyli konsultacja Trurla)
* 1964 - More expensive, or Trurl and Klapauciy of the Demon of Another Kind created, so that the robber Mordon was healed. (Podroz szosta, czyli yak Trurl i Klapaucjusz demona drugiego rodzaju stworzyli, shob zboja Gebona pokonac)
* 1965 - Somiy is more expensive, otherwise Yak Trurlya was good at thoroughness to bіdi. (Podroz siodma, czyli about how wlasna doskonalosc Trurla do zlego przywiodla)
* 1965 - About the prince Fericia and the queen Krystal (O krolewiczu Ferrycym i krolewnie Krystali)
* 1965 - Tale about the three guard cars of King Genialon (Bajka o trzech maszynach opowiadajacych krola Genialona)
* 1965 - Altruizin, or Truthful tale about those who, like a naturalist of the Good Cosmos, encouraged you to be happy and what happened
* 1971 - Zobichas (Kobyszcze)
* 1976 - Vihovannia Tsifrushі (Edukacja cyfrania)
* 1979 - Repetition (Powtorka)
* Rozpovіdі about the pilot Pirks (Opowiesci o pilocie Pirxie)
* 1959 - Viprobuvannya (Test)
* 1963 - Mind reflex (Odruch warunkowy)
* 1959 - Patrol (Patrol)
* 1959 - Albatross (Albatros)
* 1961 - Terminus (Terminus)
* 1963 - Poluvanie (Polowanie)
* 1965 - Rozpovid Pirksa (Opowiadanie Pirxa)
* 1965 - Unfortunate vipadok (Wypadek)
* 1968 - Knowledge (Rozprawa)
* 1971 - Ananke (Ananke)
* Zirkovi students of Iyon the Quiet (Dzienniki gwiazdowe)
* 1964 Podroz siodma is more expensive
* 1966 Podroz osma (Podroz osma)
* 1960 Eleven is more expensive (Podroz jedenasta)
* 1957 Twelve (Podroz dwunasta)
* 1956 More expensive thirteen (Podroz trzynasta)
* 1956 Dear Chotirnadtsya (Podroz czternasta)
* 1971 Podroz osiemnasta (Podroz osiemnasta)
* 1971 More expensive twenty (Podroz dwudziesta)
* 1971 Twenty perches are more expensive (Podroz dwudziesta pierwsza)
* 1954 More expensive twenty friend (Podroz dwudziesta druga)
* 1954 Twenty-thirds more expensive (Podroz dwudziesta trzecia)
* 1953 More expensive twenty-fourth (Podroz dwudziesta czwarta)
* 1954 Podroz dwudziesta piata (Podroz dwudziesta piata)
* 1954 Podroz dwudziesta szosta
* 1966 More expensive twenty-eight (Podroz dwudziesta osma)
* 1999 The rest is more expensive Ijona Tichego (Ostatnia podroz Ijona Tichego)
* 1983 About the visibility of dragons (Pozytek ze smoka)
* Zі spogadіv Ijona Tichego (I Ze wspomnien Ijona Tichego)
* 1960-1962 - five times of opovіdan, yakі do not make good names
* 1964 - Clinic of Dr. Vliperdius (Zaklad doktora Vliperdiusa)
* 1966 - Doctor Diagor (Doktor Diagoras)
* 1966 - Vryatuemo Cosmos! (List otwarty Ijona Tichego)
* 1976 - Professor A. Donda (Profesor A. Donda)
* Absolute empty (Doskonala proznia)
* 1971 - Absolute empty (Doskonala proznia)
* 1971 - Robinsonadi (Les Robinsonades)
* 1971 - Gіgamesh (Gigamesh)
* 1971 - Sexotrus (Sexplosion) (1971)
* 1971 - Gruppenfuhrer Louis XIV (Gruppenfuhrer Louis XIV)
* 1971 - Nishcho, or Consequence (Rien du tout, ou la consequence)
* 1971 - Perikalypsis (Perycalypsis)
* 1971 - Idiot (Idiota)
* 1971 - Zrob the book itself (Do Yourself a Book)
* 1971 - Odysseus z Itaki (Odys z Itaki)
* 1971 - Ti (Toi)
* 1971 - Corporation "Buttya" (Being Inc.)
* 1971 - "Culture yak pardon" (Die Kultur als Fehler)
* 1971 - About the impossibility of life; About the impossibility of forecasting (De Impossibilitate Vitae; De Impossibilitate Prognoscendi)
* 1974 - I will not serve (Non serviam)
* 1971 - New Cosmogonia (Nowa Kosmogonia)
* Significant size (Wielkosc urojona)
* 1973 Necrobie (Necrobie)
* 1973 Eruntika (Eruntyka)
* 1973 Historia literatury bitycznej
* 1973 Ekstelopedia Vestranda (Ekstelopedia Vestranda)
* 1973 Golem XIV (Golem XIV)
* Library of the XXI century (Biblioteka XXI wieku)
* 1980 Provocation (Prowokacja)
* 1982 One hvilina (Jedna minuta)
* 1983 The creative principle of subsistence. World of Holocaust (Das kreative Vernichtungsprinzip.
* 1983 Systems of the defense of the twenty first century.
Povistі that opovіdannya, scho not to enter before tsiklіv
* 1946 - People from Mars (Czlowiek z Marsa)
* 1946 - Hauptsturmführer Kestinitz (Hauptsturmfuhrer Koestnitz)
* 1946 - Post (Placowka)
* 1946 - New (Nowy)
* 1946 - D-Day (D-Day)
* 1946 - Zustrich near Kolobrzegu (Spotkanie w Kolobrzegu)
* 1946 - Alien (Obcy)
* 1946 - The history of one vіdkrittya (Dzieje jednego odkrycia)
* 1947 - Atomic place (Miasto atomowe)
* 1947 - Kіnets svіtu about the eighth year (Koniec swiata o osmej)
* 1947 - People z Hiroshimi (Czlowiek z Hiroshimy)
* 1947 - Temryavi garden (Ogrod ciemnosci)
* 1947 - V over London (V nad Londynem)
* 1948 - Trust of your dreams (Trust twoich marzen)
* 1948 - Historia o wysokim napieciu
* 1954 - Client of God (Klient PANA BOGA)
* 1954 - Krystalowa kula (Krystalowa kula)
* 1954 - ESIP (ESID)
* 1956 - Szczur w labiryncie
* 1957 - Avtointerv'yu (Autowywiad)
* 1958 - Invasion (Inwazja)
* 1958 - Friend (Przyjaciel)
* 1959 - Invasion of Aldebaran (Inwazja z Aldebarana)
* 1959 - Hammer (Mlot)
* 1959 - Temryava i tsvil (Ciemnosc i plesn)
* 1959 - Exodus
* 1961 - Formula Limfatera (Formula Limfatera)
* 1964 - True (Prawda)
* 1965 - Two young people (Dwoch mlodych ludzi)
* 1972 - 137 seconds (137 seconds)
* 1976 - Mask (Mask)
* 1983 - My life (Mein Leben)
* 1996 - Mattress (Materac)
* 1996 - Pitvale XXI century (Pitvale XXI wieku)
P'yesi
* 1955 - What are you, Mr. Jones? (Czy Pan istnieje, Mr. Johns?)
* 1963 - Wierny robot
* P'yesi about Professor Tarantog:
* 1963 - Wyprawa profesora Tarantogi (Wyprawa profesora Tarantogi)
* 1963 - Black room of Professor Tarantogi (Czarna komnata profesora Tarantogi)
* 1963 - Divny guest of Professor Tarantogi (Dziwny gosc profesora Tarantogi)
* 1975 - Professor Tarantogi's anniversary (Godzina przyjec profesora Tarantogi)
* 1971 - Leaf pie (Przekladniec)
* 1976 - Month night (Noc ksiezycowa)
Non-fiction literature
* 1957 Dialogues (Dialogi)
* 1967 Sum of technology (Summa technologiae)
* 1968 Philosophy of vipadku (Filozofia przypadku)
* 1970 Fiction and futurology (Fantastyka I futurologia)
* 1996 Taєmnica chinskiego pokoju (Tajemnica chinskiego pokoju)
* 1999 Megabit bomb (selection ese) (Bomba megabitowa)
* 2000 Mitі (fee) (Okamgnienie)
Screening
* "Іkar-1" (Ikarie XB-1). Czechoslovakia, 1963
* "Black Room of Professor Tarantoga". (Czarna komnata profesora Tarantogi). Poland, 1964
* "Virniy robot". SRSR, 1965
* "Professor Zazul". (Professor Zazul). Poland, 1965
* Thirty Quilinny Theatre. (Thirty-Minute Theatre). UK, 1965
* "Testing". SRSR, 1968
* “The Bezmovna Zirka” (Der Schweigende Stern). 1959, director Kurt Metzig - for the novel "Astronauts"
* “Sharovany pie” (Przekladaniec). TV film, Poland, 1968, director Andrzej Wajda)
* Solaris. Televistava, SRSR, 1968, director B. Nirenburg)
* "Sledstvo" (Sledztwo). Poland, 1973, directed by Marek Piestrak.
* "Test pilota Pirks" (Test pilota Pirxa). Poland, 1978, director Marek Pestrak
* "From the dawning favors of John the Quiet." Cartoon, Baku, 1985.
* "Turn from the stars". Telepostachannya, SRSR, 1990 TV channel "Leningrad", 6 episodes.
* "Sledstvo" (Sledztwo). Televistava, Poland, 1997, director Waldemar Krzystek (Waldemar Krzystek) - for the novel "Slidstvo"
* Ion Tichy: Cosmopilot (Ijon Tichy: Raumpilot). Series, Nіmechchina, 2007
Biography (en.wikipedia.org)
Stanislav Lem was born on the 12th of spring 1921 at the city of Lvov near Poland (now Ukraine) at the birthplace of the otolaryngologist Samuil Lem and Sabina Voller.
Having learned medicine at the Lviv University, if the Other World War broke out. Regardless of the Jewish trip, the military fates of this family were far away, deported to the ghetto, and the documents were updated (all other relatives of this Lem died). Under the hour of the German occupation, Lem worked as an auto mechanic and a smelter, taking the fate of the group as a support for the Nazis. In 1946, Lem repatriated from the territory, which became part of the Soviet Socialist Republic, to Krakow and started studying medicine at the Jagiellon University (Uniwersytet Jagiellonski).
After the completion of training in 1948, Stanislav Lem began to lay down graduation and sleep, without becoming a military doctor, and having taken away the certificate, he completed the course of training. Vіn pratsyuvav assistant prof. Mechislav Khoynovsky in the "Scientific Group" ("Circle" used as a collector of foreign scientific literature) and began to write letters at the right time with the method of earning additional income for the important military hour. In 1948-1950, Lem worked as a young assistant in the anatomical theater at the university. First, do yoga was published in 1946. This stagnation has grown into the main occupation of Lem, who has given another plan to the robot in medicine.
The first literary success came before Lem after the publication of the novel "Astronauts" in 1951. The novel was repeatedly published there.
In 1953, the roci became friends with Barbara Lesnyak, who worked as a radiologist. On February 14, 1968, their son Tomasz was born.
In 1973, Lem bov received honorary membership in the American organization of science fiction writers SFWA (the founder of the Neb'yula award), for which he was excluded in 1976 for criticizing American science fiction literature, which he styles of writing and transcendental zatsіkavlennosti at the expense of new ideas and literary forms. Later, after the protests from the side of Ursula Le Guin and its other members, the SFWA propagated you an outstanding membership, like Lem resurrected.
In 1981, Lem took the honorary honors from the Wroclaw University of Technology, and later - from Opole, Lviv and Jagiellonian Universities. Honorary Doctor of the Lviv Medical University.
In 1997, Stanislav Lem became an honored resident of Krakow.
He died on the 27th of February 2006 at the age of Krakow in the city of 84 years after a thriving heart disease.
A report about the history of life and the creative path of Stanislav Lem can be read in his autobiographical work “My Life” (n.m. Mein Leben, 1983 rec) and the novel about the Lviv childishness “High Castle”, as well as in a series of interviews published under the name “ So saying ... Lem.
Creativity
Stanislav Lem wrote about the difficulties of intermingling people, which often look inseparable, beyond the earthly civilizations far from people, about the technological future of earthly civilization. Pіznіshi yogi robots are also associated with idealistic and utopian suspіlstvo and the problems of the foundation of a person in the world, in a way of nothing work through technological development. Some of the worlds beyond the earth include swarms of mechanical coma (“Impossible”), the intelligent ocean (“Solaris”) and others. The problems of technological utopia are examined in "Turned Stars", "Lights on the Earth", "Looking at the Mist" and "Kiberiad".
Create Lem brighten up with intellectual humor, thunder words, all kinds of allusions.
Zgіdno s written by Lem himself, on this creativity there was a great influx of creative authors:
* Saul Bellow (1915-2005), American writer, laureate Nobel Prize from the literature of 1976.
* Herbert Wells (1866-1946), English writer and publicist, founder of science fiction literature of the XX century.
* Norbert Wiener (1894-1964), American philosopher and mathematician, founder of cybernetics.
* Claude Elwood Shannon (1916-2001), one of the creators of the mathematical theory of information.
* Jules Verne (1828-1905), popular French writer.
* William Olaf Stapledon (1886-1950), English philosopher and science fiction writer.
Memory
* The small planet 3836 Lem (Eng.) was named after Lem.
* Google Doodle (interactive, based on the motives of illustrations by the Polish artist Daniel Mroz to Cyberadi) until the 60th of the first publication.
Basic create
* "People from Mars" (Czlowiek z Marsa; 1946, vid. Russian in 1997)
* "Likarnya Transfiguration" (Szpital przemienienia; 1948, vid. Russian in 1995). Played the trilogy "Neutrachenie hour" (Czas nieutracony; 1955)
* "Astronauts" (Astronauci; 1951, vid. Russian in 1957)
* "Zirkovi students of Iyon the Quiet" (Dzienniki gwiazdowe; 1953-1999)
* Magellanic Hmara (Oblok Magellana; 1955, species Russian in 1960)
* "Dialogi" (Dialogi; 1957)
* "Invasion from Aldebaran" (Inwazja z Aldebarana; 1959, vid. Russian in 1960)
* "Sledstvo" (Sledztwo; 1959)
* "We're going" (Eden; 1959, vid. Russian in 1966)
* "Turn from the stars" (Powrot z gwiazd; 1961, vid. Russian in 1965)
* "Manuscript, knowledge at the bath", also "Schodennik, knowledge at the bath" (Pamietnik znaleziony w wannie; 1961)
* "Solaris" (Solaris; 1961, species Russian in 1963)
* "Impossible" (Niezwyciezony; 1964, vid. Russian in 1964)
* "Tales of robots" (Bajki robotow; 1964)
* "Suma tekhnologia" (Summa Technologiae; 1964, typed in Russian in 1968)
* Cyberiada (Cyberiada; 1965)
* "High Castle" (Wysoki zamek; 1966, vid. Russian in 1969)
* “Voice of the Lord”, the name “Voice of Heaven” was previously used (Glos Pana; 1968)
* "Information about Pilot Pirx" (Opowiesci o pilocie Pirxie; 1968)
* “Philosophy of vipadku” (Filozofia przypadku; 1968)
* "Absolutely Empty" (Doskonala Proznia; 1971)
* "Futurological Congress" (Kongres futurologiczny 1971)
* “Variable value” (Wielkosc urojona 1973)
* "Undead" (Katar; 1975)
* "Golem XIV" (Golem XIV; 1981)
* "Looking at the Mist" (Wizja lokalna; 1982)
* "Fiasco" (Fiasco; 1986)
* "Light on Earth" (Pokoj na Ziemi; 1987)
* "Megabitova bomb" (Bomba megabitowa; 1999)
Articles
Screenshots of works
* “The Bezmovna Zirka” (Der Schweigende Stern). Poland - NDR, 1960, directed by Kurt Metzig, behind the novel "Astronauts"
* "Excursion to space" (Wycieczka w kosmos). Poland, 1961
* “Chi vee, Mr. Jones?”. Short TV film, Chelyabinsk TV studio, 1961, director Leonid Piver
* "Uninhabited planet" (Bezludna planeta). Poland, 1962
* "Friend" (Przyjaciel). Poland, 1963
* "Іkar-1" (Ikarie XB-1). Czechoslovakia, 1963, based on the novel Magellanic Cloud
* "Black Room of Professor Tarantogi" (Czarna komnata profesora Tarantogi). Poland, 1964
* "Virniy robot". SRSR, 1965
* "Professor Zazul" (Profesor Zazul). Poland, 1965
* Thirty Quilinny Theatre. Season 4, episode 34 (Thirty-Minute Theatre. Season 4, Episode 34: Roly Poly). Great Britain, 1969
* "Virniy robot". Czechoslovakia, 1967
* "Testing". SRSR, 1968, director O. Ostashenko
* “Sharovany pie” (Przekladaniec). TV film, Poland, 1968, director Andrzej Wajda
* Solaris. Televistava, SRSR, 1968, director B. Nirenburg
* Solaris. SRSR, 1972, director Andriy Tarkovsky
* "Sledstvo" (Sledztwo). Poland, 1973, director Marek Pestrak
* "Come Pirx" (Pirx kalandjai). Mini-serial, Ugorshchina, 1973
* "Test pilota Pirks" (Test pilota Pirxa). Poland - SRSR, 1978, director Marek Pestrak
* "Likarnya Transfiguration" (Szpital przemienienia). 1979, director Edward Zebrovsky
* “Chotirnadtsya are more expensive” from “Schodennikiv of the Iyon of the Pacific”, at the TV cycle “Tsey fantastic world”, issue 1. SRSR, Central Television Broadcasting, 1979. Director Tamara Pavlyuchenko, scriptwriter Lyudmila Yermilina, Andriy Kostenetsky
* “For the children of Iyon the Quiet. Ride up to Interopia”. Cartoon, Baku, 1985
* "Victim of the Brain". Netherlands, 1988, including a screen version of "More expensive"
* "Turn from the stars". TV show, SRSR, 1990, TV channel "Leningrad", 6 episodes
* "Marian depression" (Marianengraben). Nimechchina, 1994
* "Mask". Televistava from the cycle of TV programs "Lavka svіtіv" (starring: O. Bikova, I. Krasko, E. Dzyameshkevich), 1995
* "Sledstvo" (Sledztwo). Televistava, Poland, 1997, director Waldemar Krzystek, behind the novel "Sledstvo"
* "Solaris" (Solaris). USA, 2002, directed by Steven Soderbergh
* "one". Ukraine, 2008
* Ion Tichy: Cosmopilot (Ijon Tichy: Raumpilot). Series, Nіmechchina, 2007
* "Mask". Poland, 2010, directed by Steven and Timothy Kvey
* “Congress” (English) Russian, 2013, directed by Ari Folman, behind the novel “Futurological Congress”
Notes
- (Lem) Lem (Lem) Stanislav (nar. 1921) Polish science fiction writer, genre of scientific and philosophical fiction. Aphorisms, quotes Lem Stanislav (Lem). Biography. Our century does not know any other volunteers, Crimean people, who think about the good. Good and evil are asymmetrical.
- (Lem) (pop. 1921), Polish writer. Numerous creations in the genre of scientific and philosophical fiction, including in the novels "Astronauts" (1951), "Scholar, knowledge at the bath", "Solaris" (offended 1961), "Voice of Heaven" (1968), "Undead" ( 1976) ), "World ... ... Encyclopedic dictionary
Stanisław Lem Stanisław Lem Date of birth: 12 spring 1921 (19210912) Place of birth ... Wikipedia
Lem (Lem) Stanislav (born September 12, 1921, Lviv), Polish writer. Born with this doctor. In 1939, roci 41 started at the Lviv Medical Institute; graduated from the medical faculty of the Jagiellonian University near Krakow (1948). Drukuvatisya pochav z 1946 rock. Great Radianska Encyclopedia
Lem, Stanislav- LEM (Lem) Stanislav (born 1921), Polish writer. Numerical creations in the genre of scientific and philosophical fiction (the novels “Astronauts”, 1951, “Schodennik, knowledge at the bath”, “Solaris”, insult 1961, “Voice of Heaven”, 1968, “Undead”, 1976, ... ... Illustrative encyclopedic dictionary
LEM Stanislav- LEM (Lem) Stanislav (born 1921), Polish writer. Numbers. prod. in the genre of scientific philosophy. fiction: rom. "Astronauts" (1951, p. 1957), rom. utopia "Magellan's Cloud" (1955, p. 1960), rom. anti-utopia "We're going" (1959, p. 1966), "Turning back… Literary encyclopedic dictionary
Lem Stanislav (Lem). Biography. Lem (Lem) Stanislav (born 1921) Lem Stanislav (Lem). Polish writer of science fiction, the genre of scientific and philosophical fiction. Stanislav Lem was born on the 12th of spring 1921 in Lvov, as a laryngologist. Chotiri rocky... An encyclopedia of aphorisms has been published
- (Lem) Stanislav (born 1921) Polish science fiction writer, futurologist, philosopher, culturologist. Having finished the gymnasium in 1939, L. entered the medical school. ft Lviv, university. At the fate of the occupation of L., interrupt the apprenticeship of a practicing auto mechanic, and then continue ... Encyclopedia of Cultural Studies
Lem: Stanislaw Lem is a Polish writer, satirist, philosopher, science fiction writer and futurist. Lem, Tomasz, Polish translator, son of Stanislav Lem. Lem, Hans Norwegian gymnast, silver medalist of the Summer Olympic Games 1908 Lem, Ivan ... ... Wikipedia
Stanislav Lem- The Polish writer Stanislav Lem was born on 12 April 1921 near Lvov near Poland (the territory of Ukraine). Yogo father Samuil Lem was a laryngologist. Mother, Sabina Voller, led the household. Since 1932, the fate of Stanislav Lem saw a man. Encyclopedia of newsmakers
Books
- Stanislav Lem. Collection of works (set of 8 books), Stanislav Lem. Stanislaw Lem (1921-2006) - Polish writer, satirist, philosopher, science fiction writer and futurist. This book has been translated by 40 mov, over 30 million copies have been sold. Author of the fundamental practice "Sum…
- Stanislav Lem. Zі spogadіv Іyon Tikhiy, Stanіslav Lem. Vidannya 1990 rock. Security is good. Before the collection, most of the works of the cycle "Three of the Quiet Iyon" were published, including the novel "Looking at ..."
LEM (LEM) Stanislav (nar. 09/12/1921). Prominent Polish writer, playwright, critic, literary scholar and original philosopher, also a virtuoso. іn genres (detective literature, poetry), leading author of nat. NF literary, classic modern. NF. Born near Lvov (ninі - Ukraine). Buv embarrassment to interrupt the appointment at Lvivsky (ninth -Ukraine) honey. іn-ti y zvyazku z mail. other light war; at rocky nyomu. okupatsії pratsyuvav avtoslyusar, zvaryuvalnik, taking the fate of the Polish Russian Support. After the end of the war at once from the same repatriation to Poland, having finished the honey. Faculty of the Jagiellonian University in Krakow and the last hour of practice for specialization; from the post 1950s - Prof. writer. Debuted in Lithuania, 1946; in NF - the same (r-zi "Alien" and "History of one story", as well as the story "A Man from Mars"). After the establishment of a military camp in Poland in 1980. viїhav to Zap. Berlin is also alive in Austria, Italy; turning to the fatherland like the 1980s. Honorary Doctor of the Wroclaw Polytechnic Institute. Laureate pl. nat. and foreign lit. premiums, zokrema, holding. Prizes of the People's Republic of Poland (1976), State. Prizes of Austria (1956). NF and Philosophical TV of L. (one, perhaps, of the remaining thinkers - encyclopedists), which sound closely interspersed in the majority of its productions, is a unique summer. that zagalnokulturniy phenomenon 2nd article. XX Art. Sound in NF novels and r-zah of the writer, pl. z yakah took to enter the gold fund of modern. NF, "rolled in" yoga original and funny philosophical concepts, scho ossuyuyutsya prospects decomp. sciences, from cybernetics to cosmic civilization activity in a flash. To naivіdomіshih NF production. L. can be seen: early novels - "Astronauts" (1951; Russian 1955) and "Magellan's Cloud" (1955; Russian 1958); satirical cycles - "The Dawns of Iyon the Quiet" (1957; Rus. 1961), a year of continuation of novels and novels, and "Cyberiad", also clave dec. zb; cycle about space pilot Pirks - Sat. "Information about Pilot Pirks" (1968) and another, novel "Fiasco" (1987); romani - "Eden" (1959; rus. 1967), "Solaris" (1961; rus. short 1963; final 1976), "Turning from the stars" (1961; rus. 1965), "Irresistible" (1964; rus 1964) and in. One of the stories about Pirks and the novel "Solaris" was screened, and another screening by A. Tarkovsky is considered to be a masterpiece of light fiction. L. also published the original philosophical - futurological book "Suma tekhnologii" (1964; Rus. 1968), commissioned philosophical and literary-critical work.
Pochavshi I create activity like a science fiction writer (with episodic exits to "pure" philosophy. eseististics), L. for the rest of the hour, now, more like a philosopher, lit. critic and publicist who turns into the art. Literature hour after hour and obviously heavy її "obmezhennyami" (necessary prompting of the plot, composition, psychological development of characters, etc.). Prote, NF Prod. L. 1960-70s. yak і zberіgayut yogo rank of a prominent writer-fiction writer, a living classic of literature.
Plots and problems of early works. L., among them there is the story "Kіnets svіtu o vosmіy vodinі" (1948; Rus. 1974) wine walkers and vіdkrittami and madly inspired by the war, which ended well. Special features of military warfare. the fateful writer of the trilogy "Neutracheny Hour" (1955) - practically, the only non-fiction. prod. L. Successfully arrived before L. after the publication of the first book of science fiction - the novel "Astronauts" (1951; Russian 1955), dedicated to the first space flight to Venus, aggressive inhabitants, until a swarm, accidentally tried to invade the Earth (vibuh "Tungus" "), and then they self-destructed in a nuclear war, depriving themselves of the blindly functioning "automatic civilization"; screenings. Regardless of the schematism, that revantagement of sciences. "Running", the novel played a role in the development of the national NF, similar to the role of Andromedy. Efremov - in Soviet literature ("vibukhov" expansion of the prospects of science fiction, breaking through in the fenced areas of science - cybernetics, the theory of water quality, social problems). 54; 1955; Rus. 1958; 1960) - recognized the position of the writer, as one of the leading authors of the National Philosophy of Poland and the entire socialist camp; storyline- the flight of the giant "dawn ark" to the Centauri system (with the prospect of contact) - to serve the author as a smoldering ashes for a wide panorama of the communist utopia on Earth is also screened.
Zgodom L. radically vіdіyshov vіd utopіchnyh themes, concentrating respect for itself on philos. problems that make it easier (otherwise, they robbed unresolved tasks) to create a utopia. In yoga TV-vі, the role is replaced by satirical motifs, which in Persh was tied with the image of Yon (abo Iyon) the Quiet, more lower pіvstolіttya "did not let in" a writer and became a kind of myth of the modern. NF. Scholars of the "famous space explorer, captain of a distant galactic sailing, thought of meteors and comets, a non-scientific successor and pershovidkrivach of seventy thousand three worlds, Dr. Cavalier of the Orders of the Chumatsky Way and Nebulae", rozpochati "Twenty-fourth Road" (1953), up to Sat. "The Dawns of Iyon the Quiet" (1957; Rus. 1961); part of the Russians. translating new. p-call cycle included until Sat. "Vibrane" (1976). An image, of thoughts like "cosmic. Munchausen", for the rest of the decade, having recognized a memorable evolution, which showed change in the looks and moods of his alter ego - L. Persh himself (after an hour of writing) innocent satirical. NF in the traditions of D. Swift, Voltaire and others, as well as philosophy. parables and grotesque, absurdist SF.
At the parallel with "Schodennikami" L. added "Speak to John the Quiet", to which lies the r-zi: "Wonderful Boxes of Professor Corcoran" (1960; in. - "For the Help of John the Quiet. I"; Russian 1963) , " Winemaker of eternity" (1960; in. - "Zi helped John the Quiet. II"; Russian 1962 - "Immortal soul"), "Turboti winemaker" (1960; in. - "Zi helped John the Quiet. III"; 1962 - " The car came to the hour"), "For the sake of John the Quiet. IV" (1961; Rus. 1963), "For the sake of John the Quiet. V ("A real tragedy")" (1962; Russian 1962), "Clinic of Dr. Vlіperdіus" ( 1964; Russian 1965; in. - "Settings of Dr. Vliperdius", "The pledge of Dr. Vliperdius", "Sanatorium of Dr. Vlipedrius"), "Doctor Diagor" (1964; Rus. 1967), "Vryatuemo Cosmos! Jona Tikhogo" (1964; Rus. speed. 1964; add. 1965), and also dedicated to the problems of biology and evolution, the story "Limfater's Formula" (1961; Rus. 1962; 1963); all qi products dedicated to various fantastic. wine walkers. that vіdkrittyam (as well as their authors - eccentric scientists). Coming up to cycle 4 p'esi about the companion of John the Quiet that yogo saw - prof. Tarantoga: "Wonderful guest of Professor Tarantoga" (1963; Russian 1965), "Come on the road of Professor Tarantoga" (1963; Russian 1964), "Black room of Professor Tarantoga" (1963; Russian 1968), "Reception 1975; Russian 1987 ).
At the production about John the Quiet, the remaining ten years of commemoration of L. to win over the beloved hero is just like a good plot point (to the new one). problems and those who praise the writer. The hero of the story "Professor A. Donda" (1976; Russian 1988) is a devilish "divine" doctrine (whose share crossed over with the line of John the Quiet), a kind of "information bomb", which does not see anything good modern. technol. civilization. The story "Futurological Congress" (fragm. 1970; 1971; Russian frag. 1972 - "Congress of Futurologists"; 1987) is a thorough escapade on the theme of vigadana of the "experienced victorious" people, who get into a licorice hallucinogenic dope and do not mind the imminent global catastrophe, until they are born again. In the novel "Looking at the Mists" (1982; the planet, having already once tasted it ("More expensively fourteen"), and in the end he predicted the result of one more try to inspire technological utopia. only "ethical prosthesis", not built to make people happy against their will. Poland; Russian 1988; 1988) - dedicated to the prospects of new. systems zbroї, scho rozroblyayutsya on Mіsyatsі. A number of early "Spogadіv John the Quiet" among the Rus. translations becoming zb. "Limfater's formula" (1963); all stink, at once from new. (Including great works), collected in Sat. "Zі spogadіv John the Quiet" (1990).
Dr. pop. cycle L. - "Ciberiad", rozpochaty in 1963. and three days until this day, devotions to the world of robots and cyberorganisms (although in a number of r-calls of a person present under the name "blond") and a pre-warm intellectual parody of evolution, religion, SF literature itself; The success of the cycle brought a slightly stylized mov myth and folklore. R-zi cycle, a number of such associations with amusing heroes - cybernetic "gods" - designers Trurl and Klapaucius, folded Sat. - "The Book of Robots" (1961), "Tales of Robots" (1964), "Kiberiada" (1965); translate into Russian. lang. often presented at Sat. "Impossible. Cyberiad" (1967) and "Polyuvannya on Setavr" (1965). The cybernetic camouflage of the original light of the SF does not add to the "anthropocentricity" of all windings, only at first glance. "I thunder the mind": satirically show the world of people from the side. AT pіznіh r-zah cycle - "Altruizin, or Truthful story about those, like a satellite of the Good Cosmos, encouraging you to be happy and what happened" (1965; Russian 1969; 1990), "Blessed" (1971; Russian 1989; 1990) and "Repetition 1976; 1979; 1990) - L. anew brutal satirical arrows on technocratic utopism, demonstrating the devilish fiasco of the so-called "felicitology" - the science of "happiness".
In Russian. lang. also translated into the r-th cycle:
"Altruizin" (1965, Russian 1989),
"Vihovannya Tsifrushi" (1974, additional 1976; Russian 1993),
"Yak Mikromіl and Gіgаcіan razbіgannu nebulae laid the cob" (19.., Rus. 1964),
"Yak Erg Self-starter of the harlot of a win" (19.., Rus. 1964; in. - "Yak Erg Self-starter of the harlot of health"),
"About the Queen Ferritzey and the Queen Crystal" (1965, Russian 1989, 1990),
"Tale about King Murdas" (1963, Russian 1988, 1990),
"Fairy tale about the three guard cars of King Genialon" (19.., Russian 1993),
"Scarbi of King Biscalar" (19., Russian. 1965, 1993),
"Uranovі vuha" (19.., Rus. 1964, 1993).
Nareshti, another beloved "serial" character L. becoming a cosmic. Pirks navigator from one room. cycle. Diya r-calls and stories about Pirks, written in 1959-71. and Sat. "Information about the Pilot Pirks" (1968), bursting into flames in the near. the future on the Earth and in the Sonyach system; a number of early rozchinіv inclusions in Sat. "Invasion from Aldebaran" (1959; Russian 1960); Russian translate included also until Sat. - "Polyuvannya on Setavr" (1965), "Navigator Pirks. Voice of the Sky" (1971). At the production cycle, the author has put prosthesis of professions as a metaphor. The evolution of the hero, now to put them in an extreme mind, allows Pirks to be revealed from the opposite sides - like a person, like a professional. One can see the story "Inquiry" (1968; Russian 1970; in. - "Court"), which is a clear detective NF, in a kind of Pirks "test" prof. the appurtenance of an android astronaut, at the same time showing an important vіdmіnіnіst vіd people; screenings; r-z "Intellectual reflex" (1963; Russian 1963; 1965; in. - "Monthly night"). One of the remaining products L., the novel "Fiasco" (1987), associated with the problem of contact, Pirks Gina, wanting the author to keep for himself a ryativnu "lasivka" until the next Sunday of the beloved character.
"Pozaseriynі" NF r-zi and povistі L. folded zb. - Sesame (1955), Zustrich in Orbit (1962), Poluvannya (1965), Space Vryatuemo (1966), Mask (1976). One of the mysteries. max. perfected production. writer - a short story "Mask" (1974; Russian 1976; 1990) - is a stylistically vivirena (a gothic novel) the story of "nabuttya yourself", self-recognition of the heroine - created for the demise of a suffocating military machine all at once, from a piece of intelligence, that specialty came love to its victim. One can also see: the Pravda (1964; Rus. 1966), in which the cicada’s vision of an “energetic” life beyond the earth, a warm pamphlet on the topic of possible transplantation and cyborgization - the p-z “What do you know, Mr. Jones?” ( 1955; Russian 1957); the last time it was converted into a screenplay - "Barring Pirig" (1971; Russian 1972; in. - "Sandwich", "Mosaic"); as well as the song "Virniy Robot" (1963, Russian 1965). Cream of that, in Russian. lang. translated: "Autointerview" (1962; Russian 1964), "Invasion from Aldebaran" (1958; Russian 1960; in. - "Invasion"), "Two young people" (1965; Russian 1965) , "Friend" (1958; Russian 1960), "Exodus" (1959; Russian 1960), "Client of God" (1954; Russian 1960), "Screamer in the Labyrinth" (1956; Russian 1963), "Hammer "(1959; Russian 1960), "One khvilina" (1984; Russian 1988), "Provocation" (1984; Russian 1990; 1990 - Israel), "137 seconds" (19 ..; Russian 1973), "Darkness and Color" (1959; Russian 1960), "Krishtaleva Kulya" (1954; Russian 1960), "EDIP" (1954; Russian 1955). A number of translations included until Sat. "Mask" (1990).
A significant contribution of L. to the development of such a traditional (and in many cases has become a different plot cliché) those SF, like contact with a smaller mind: in the production. the writer is not a utopichna idiliya and not a trivial dilemma "to fight-trade", but first for all philosophies., psychol. and moral drama, a conceptual revolution that captures and rethinks the very foundations of human civilization and culture. The crying phrase of L. "In the middle of the night they check on us Nevidome" knew mysticism. insight into the significant novels of the writer of the 1960s. - "Eden" (1958; 1959; Russian 1966; 1967), "Solaris" (1961; Russian frag. 1962; short 1963; final 1976); in Russian. lang. obidva novels (another - in abbreviated version) combined into one volume - "Solaris. Edem" (1973); "Impossible" (1963; 1964; Russian 1964). Have tsikh books predstavlі razl. Vipadki not far off contact with others, absolutely not similar to the earth, cosmic. civilizations. L. zoom visibly reveal the invisible signs of the afterlife (reasonable) life: in "Eden" - try the biol. reconstruction; in "Solaris" - a planet-ocean, a single mind, one of the most memorable worlds of NF; in "Irreplaceable" - cybercivilization of electronic "flies" that unite in their own kind of collective mind; - that proves to prove the possibility of using similar exotic homeostats. However, for the reader, the riddles and intransigence of their behavior, motives and vchinkivs are lost for the reader.
The top of TV-va L. and all modern. NF rich. critics appreciate the novel "Solaris", a kind of adaptation by A. Tarkovsky, artistic. that philosophy. the meaning of which is not limited by the problem of contact. A gigantic self-conscious mind of the All-World, occupied by an unbugged planetary one. engineering, which tries to stretch the "thread of understanding" to the earthly vchenih, which dol_dzhuyut yogo, - by way of sending "phantoms" to them, people of flesh and blood, constructed on the basis of information, educated from the support of earthlings (and bringing drama, tragedies), - not only natural. solar problems. Zavdyaki priyomu NF, L. to put serious philosophies. and moral problems, in the midst of which there is no place to borrow the "earthly" problem of conscience, moral viability, created a mirror of fortunetelling about some earthlings unknowingly in space. Doslidniki repeatedly slandered and on metafiz., theological context of the novel; not vipadkovo rev. option to translate grew. lang., to avenge the deep and paradoxical thoughts of the author about "God-Never", "God, who does not know what to do", "God-Nevdahi", Viyshov with great zapiznennyam - in Sat. "Vibrane" (1976).
For L., it is more characteristic of a post-turning to the old master works, ale yakіsno new. equal. The utopian light of the distant future, which does not tell anything about the light of "Magellan's gloom", looks like an astronaut, who turned after a long mist mid-night to the Earth, in the novel "Turning from the Star" (1961; Russian short. 1965; add. 1991); in Russian. lang. romance up front view. in one volume from "The Dawn-Shodens of John the Quiet" - sb. "The Dawns of John the Quiet. Turning from the Stars" (1965). Slipuchi place, rozsip fantastic. Vinadhodin і vidkrittev, the Yaki seized the namesakes - "Betrizatsya" (the livelong of the vocalist of the center of the Center Aggrein at the Svidomosti Lyudini), the SVIT VID VON I was a fantomatics, the deputy is the MITSTA, SPORT IT SPOLLLEA IS SPORT. qi technol. wonders of the "wonderful new. World" to attach a tangled twist, be it a utopia: a payment for peace and prosperity. Z zniknennyam laid down in the genes of aggressiveness about-in irreversibly leave those others. characteristic rice homo sapiens: risky, accepting, building up to self-sacrifice, navch. poshuk, romance of the unknown; spiritually "fat" people are doomed to degradation. Dr. Vipadok social. degradation, which resembles the self-isolation of the society and transforms it into a phantom, myth, representations in the novel "Schodennik, knowledge at the bath" (1961; Rus. 1995), written in the spirit of F. Kafka and to avenge the elements of anti-utopia and absurdism. One of the most significant novels of L. of the 1960s. you can name "Voice of God" (1968; Russian 1970 - "Voice of Heaven"), which characterizes the new. stage at the TV-in the writer, if the prose writer of the Dedali is more likely to start writing the eseist-philosopher. The plot line is the decoding of the latest signals of the outer space. rozumu - to serve for L. as a special pomіrkuvati about such. civilizations (what to know, in the author's opinion, in a child's mind), about the problem of communication, movi splkuvannya, intersciences. know too much. problems.
Pochavshi already in the 1970s. consider the post-intellectual "time pressure" - impossibility adequately, into the art. images of all the problems that praise L. the thinker, speed up their transmission of reading (and at the same time expand the inter-traditional NF) - pidshtovhnuv L.-writer to an active search for new ones. lit. forms. Tsі poshuki sank into the original genre, in which L. H. Borges had already successfully created high-profile efforts: op. fragment. from them. Vid. similar op., even though they cannot be safely called "artistic letter", all the same, they are yakskrav apply bold and bright (ale "recognized" logic, scientific methodology, clearly smeared with humor) thoughts; stinks are united on Sat. - "Ideal vacuum" (1971), "Uyavna great" (1971). Especially seen: "Culture is like a pardon" (1970; Russian 1976), "New Cosmogony" (1971; Russian 1976), Alfred Zellermann "Gruppenführer Louis XVI" (1970; Russian 1972), "Sexplosion" (1973) ; Rus. 1988, 1990), "Extelopedia Westrand in 44 magnitomes" (1973; Rus. 1978, 1990), "Eruntika" (1973; Rus. 1975); based on the "reviewed" book or "Storm systems, Evolution burn with galms "(1986; Rus. 1990 - "Systems of the Defense of the Twenty First Century") is avenged in L.'s novel - "Light on Earth"; a second fragment. "Golem XIV" (1973; Rus. 1980), which is part of the beast to superhumanity -computer - months, later rewritten into a book - "Golem XIV" (1981) (1971; Russian 1973; 1990), "Do yourself a book" (1971; Russian 1979; 1979; in. - Write books yourself"), "Kuno Mlatye "Odyssey of Itaki" (1970; Russian 1972)," Pobut's Reception "(1970; Russian 1972; in. -" E. Weinray i.e. "Being inc.") , "C.Kouska. "De impossibilitate vitae; De impossibilitate prognoscendi" (1971; Russian 1971; 1990; in. - "About the book by Benedikt Kousky" Revision to autobiography", "Another review").
Standing apart from L. TV are "ontological detectives", which will work on detective science fiction and intellectual "investigation" of philosophy. novel (in the way, it is not evil that is revealed, but science. truth) - the early novel "Investigation" (1959; Russian 1989; 1990; іn. - "Investigation") and one of the remaining stories, "Undead" (1976; Russian 1978; 1982). In cih prod. the original plot outline - the investigation of the lance of wondrous manifestations, which suggests the presence of the supernatural (resurrection dead, mysterious deaths for no apparent reason) - it’s less than ashes for іn. manifestations of science and philosophy; in "Undead" the mystery is revealed not by a detective, but by an astronaut, dep. rice to the character of Pilot Pirks.
Great NF production. L. in the Rus. translations of the ob'ednani also in Sat. - "Romani" (1978), "Vibrane" (1981), "Magellan's haze. Solaris" (1987), "Solaris. Irreplaceable. Stargazers" (1988).
Z NF tv-vom L. organically connected with that її philos. that literary studies of eseism, in Nav. robots of the writer, you can know the coils of many others. fantastic. Tim and plots that later migrated to the art. books. L. is the author of 4 fundamental works: "Dialogues" (1957) - about control systems and cybernetic principles; "Suma tekhnologii" (1962-63; 1964; rus. 1968) about the paths to the development of civilization in the distant future, possible deaf corners on the її route and promising straight lines, zokrema, phantoms; "Philosophy of vipadku" (1968) - about culture and ethics of technology. civilizations. Nareshti, tse volume of 2-volume research (carried out, mainly by methods of structural analysis) modern. app. NF - "Fiction and Futurology" (1970); the rest of the book, as well as a number of literary studies articles by L., which sharply criticized the plot primitivism and the wild "blissful-misnitskaya" atmosphere in the Amer. NF, which called L. from the Association of American Science Fiction Writers to a scandalous expulsion (which brought such authors, such as M. Moorcock and W. Le Guyin, to the exit - (as a sign of protest) from her).
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From Poland Lem Stanislav won the kohanny of readers of the world with creations from the genre of scientific and philosophical fiction. Pismennik became the laureate of many Polish and foreign awards, among them the state awards of Austria, Poland, the Kafka Prize. Also, becoming a Chevalier of the Order Volodar honorary doctor of many universities. The wonderful film "Solaris" was created by the same creation, which was written by Stanislav Lem.
Biography
An extraordinary science fiction writer was born in the Polish city of Lvov in the spring of 1921, in the homeland of a doctor shoved by the Lvovians. I graduated from a student's gymnasium at the spring of 1939. I then Lviv became a town of Radyansk. Lem Stanislav wanted to develop technical sciences, but he didn’t go far to enter the polytechnical one. For help, the father of the vіn bv vlashtovaniya at the medical school and began to study there without any enthusiasm.
Two years later, Lviv, having become a German city, and the head office, laid down its work. Vin buv is not so simple, a future writer. Evidently, the Jewish adventure robbed him of his life in the occupancy of the new schokhvilin's trouble. In a moment, dine in the ghetto and die there, as it happened with the practical strength of the Lviv intelligentsia. Documents, it’s true, I managed to correct them, for which Lem Stanislav, a mechanic, improved to a German company from metal processing. In 1944, Lviv became a Polish city again, and the future writer continued his studies at the medical institute.
To Poland
In 1946, the Lvov district became a new town of Radyansk, where the unfinished bars of the Bandera bands vibrated the Polish population of the roots - the big villages, that and the towns were even more restless. The Poles at the border on their territory were gutting Ukrainian villages.
To that Josip Stalin virishiv qi nutrition by the method of repatriation. For a long time, all Poles from western Ukraine flew to Poland, and maybe all Ukrainians from Poland - to western Ukraine. Lem Stanislav also spent time with the great resettlement and continued his education at the Krakiv University - at the Faculty of Medicine, to which he did not go any further.
cob
Navіt stavіtnі іspiti folded without becoming, otrimavshi only a certificate, but not a diploma. Perhaps the one who was afraid of becoming unloving, or maybe - in the army "vydkosiv", more with a diploma it would be possible for you to work as a car'er of a military doctor. After my graduation in 1948, I graduated from the scientific laboratory as a young assistant and more like radium.
Yogo already did not like a robot, except for one, and yet there was no engineering. Since 1946, the fate of the wines began to publish their fantastic creations, to become a writer. Stanislav Lem, a photo of someone who is now melodiously rich in leather, and someone who is constantly trimming yoga on his writing desk, at that moment you yourself knew at your own expense that it was shukav.
"Man from Mars" and "Astronaut"
The first yoga novel, Czlowiek z Marsa, is an injunction to Nowy Swiat Przygod, a print magazine. The readers were taken over by their thoughts, literally from the first works of Stanislav Lem, becoming a cult writer in Poland, although the great book did not appear so soon.
Tse buv already 1951 rіk, if mayzhe mittevo knew from the counters of a well-known yoga Astronauci ("Astronauts"). Having now written Stanislav Lem, comments about the work of such a person have already been clarified on the sides of all periodicals of the world, practically without ceasing.
No peace
Bagato Lem having risen in price with Nimechchina, Czechoslovakia. Often I traveled to the Radian Union, not wanting to love it anytime, not in any way, not for one political order (but after almost everything). Vtіm, if it was more necessary, saying and writing, what to love, and respect ...
In 1982, when Poland smelled of war again, Stanislav Lem, quotes from the works of such people were already victorious, independently in the form of community, place of residence, state of that age, having moved to Austria, even if the country would have healed it for that hour. Having lived up to the last half of life, not caring about the experience of the first half of life. Prote, the heart is a little unhealthy, through which he died at the birch tree of 2006.
Style
Stanislav Lem, do something to talk more about the fusion of humankind and otherworldly civilizations, which did not happen, writing a lot about the technologies of the future. Create your own creations in accordance with the idealization of supple aspirations, close to the genre of utopia, making people tedious through technological re-development.
Texts full of humor, satire, philosophy. Dotepniks from lovers of science fiction, such as enchanted by Stanislav Lem, quotes from "The Dawn of the Day of the Iyon of the Pacific", for example, vicorists are everywhere stretching richly for dozens of years. It is not for nothing that the writer hooted not only with fantasy, but with futurology.
Glory
Lem's books were translated more than forty mov, and they were sold over the top - far over thirty million copies. More than twenty screenings were made for yoga, among them the main part was taken by Poland and the Soviet Socialist Republic, in order of them were Czechoslovakia, Nimechchina, England, the USA and Azerbaijan. The best of the paintings є, razumilo, "Solaris", taken by Tarkovsky, Stanislav Lem, create the best which was accepted and understood by the SRSR, insufficiently estimating this masterpiece. Ponad those, having called Tarkovsky an "idiot" for incorrectly conveying the main idea.
Prote on the one-man American film from Clooney started to grimacing. And it’s true, there are no such basic thoughts as such. Lem strongly dislikes and criticizes the floorings, which are recognized from the American Science Fiction Fellowship. Not ignorant of Bradbury and Sheckley, Clark and Azimov, but having a good look at the Strugatskys, especially praising "Piknіk na uzbіchchi". I thought it was wonderful to know that I didn’t write wine.
Glossary
Stanislav Lem is a writer, who loves word creation. The number of neologisms, created by him and victorious by his successors, exceeded nine thousand. Most spared the Poles and Russians. Translators worked on the works of Lem with more talent, that closeness of translation took hold of me, so that we can enjoy the humor of a writer more and more in the world.
Translating with non-Slovak mov was less fortunate, it is unlikely that even the stilts are satisfied with the reading of Stanislav Lem's works can be taken away by the Americans and the French. It singsongly, without explanation, it dawned on what “altruizin” was for the faces, what “powerless” for the mission, why intelligent robots called the person “bloody” and why “bumba” and “bloomba” are blown up in the form of a resounding bomb. I beautiful term - "falsehood", it's clear - synthetic. Not less warm and "postiment" from "sepulets".
The clerk is already smartly and meticulously dressing his thoughts in the words: "The machine, stupid, uncomplicated, nezdatnaya rozkinut razum, to rob, what to punish. "The cordons of moral integrity are broader than the sphere of judicial codes". "The essence of old age lies in the fact that you grow old, which you cannot speed up."
Subject
At the same time, with such a subtlety of modern images, the enemy and the breadth of the creativity of all-worldly realities and non-realities: utopias, dystopias, and light fairy tales about space, and an important alternative to today and a very clouded future, the world behind the horn, the remembrance of a drug addict, a crazy drug addict omnis...
And everywhere roam the songs, like a chitacha to think, moreover, it’s neobov’yazkovo so, like Stanislav Lem thought imaginatively. The bibliography of this flooring is great, which makes it possible to study only the most famous works.
"137 seconds"
This is a classic rozpovid among the genre of science fiction, de idea to serve as a leader diy special- Tse super penetrating computer merezha. Futurology, as the author has reached in rich creations, stands here in the aspects of transference, prophesying until the time has come. The plot is nevibaglivy, ale of compensation by philosophical problems, for example, how often does it appear at the sight of a person. The hour of fasting is the most convenient for the sprinyattya.
"Absolutely empty"
This cycle is written as the first individual, where the author plays the role of a literary critic, who reviews the unwritten work. Even richer philosophy, humor, rich satire on the vіdnoshnіnі navіt to vlasnyh vyavlenie pro svіt, yakom literary hero is alive. This book is about marnі mrії i perebіg great thoughts in absolute empty, oskolki itself there perebuvaє all nezdіysnen.
"Altruizin"
Navіt among the robots the satirists are chattering, like a fantastic rozpovіd. Htos Dobritsy, a robot-satellite, at the desert mirkuvav sixty-seven new fates, and then virishiv make your neighbors happy. Todi yogo comrade designer Klapautsіy rozpovіv naytsіkavіshu іstorіyu z zhittya enessertsіv, quiet, scho reached NRR (the most important step of development). The stench also wanted to make the whole world happy - with wealth, wealth, too much goodness. What happened to that? Happiness skin razumіє in its own way ...
"Turn from the stars"
This novel is unlikely to convey that purity to the genre, as it sounds like a taman to the author. It's not a fantasy after a great rahunka, rather, it's more like: the problems of yoga are worth discussing in sociology, ecology, and in mutual nature and people. In the footsteps of Herbert Wells ("The Time Machine") Stanislav Lem destroys the theme of human adaptation to dovkilla, if the hero spends in an epoch, that on a thousand roki, he was born in thієї, de vin was born. There are also present and irony, and serious stoks, and fantasy, and reality, and sarcasm, and phantasmagoria. There are no spaceships here, but there is a rich facet and intransigence of human psychology.
"Vihovannya Tsifrushi"
Klapauciu was not up to Trurl, the rector of the university is a klopіtka posada, and Trurl at the Tuzі constructed a typewriter, calling Tsifrusha and starting to wihovuvati. Nudga went step by step, Trurl, taking up the right and ceasing to feel selfish. However, it was trapilos so that in the process of waving there was a breach, the shards after three meteorites fell into the garden of Trurl, where they passed through Tsifrusheya, as if they appeared as the tail of a crying comet that flew past. In these meteorites, unsuccessful guests appeared: a robot drummer, a drum and an android, who had a flask with otrutoyu jammed in his hands. Trurl from Tsifrusheya was defrosted and revived their guests, and then they listened to the tales of history...
