Do the best L. N
Since youth, we have analyzed the impressions of Andriy Bolkonsky under the sky of Austerlitz, we write tweets on the topic “ Women's image in the novel "War and Peace", importantly zithaєmo over the episodes of philosophical reflections of P'єra Bezukhov and slur the French language. Ale Leo Tolstoy - not less than boring, viscous "War and Light" that did not make sense in the podlitkovy's "Anna Karenina". In yoga bibliography, one can find pearly books of Russian classics and heroes, as they transform before our eyes, to know for ourselves.
Tolstoy is the master of the word, the genius of the Russian soul and the literary work of his own, and of our hour. Lev Mikolayovich's books are broad, direct, truthful and firm. Stink about Russia, about the life of the Russian people, about the biased experience and, what is more, people. Tse same classic, yak wants to read.
Forget about P'era and Natalia, take a book from our top and then, I sing, and change your idea about creativity, without overdoing it, you see L.M. Tolstoy.
“Childhood. Childhood. Yunist»
Like bi at once, they fashionably called the trilogy “Childhood. Childhood. Youth" tells us about the growth of Nikolenka Irteniev. The first story revolves around the poetry of the childishness of a lad who is buried under his own inner light. You analyze yourself, hospitably commemorate everything that you experience in life, worry about your own self-worthiness, if you want and change with friends and loved ones.
Another part about becoming, about the internal crisis, that spiritual rebirth, that search for truth, truth. And follow the growth of the hero - cіkavo, even Nikolenka, having already become close to us, falling in love. "Youth" is singing us singing, Bachimo, that Irtenyev, having chosen his own path, could know for himself in the world, spontaneous worries, and now I can dedicate to myself the pragnennu to pass honestly, not savagely on your respect, your life way.
It’s rich in why it’s autobiographical, written off from Tolstoy himself, but, obviously, it’s rich in why, relying on the roses of loved ones, in order to create that atmosphere of growing up in the amount of one’s own family. And it’s even more difficult to deal with reading, to the fact that you are guilty of this world of childishness L.M. Tolstoy.
"Sunday"
Yaskraviy, Tolstoy's straining and victorious novel, in which he speaks about the terrible injustice of the ship system, about peasantry, hypocrisy and evil. Heavy and sharp, the whole tvir, pіddavavsya the most powerful censorship, it was cut and published in parts, to that on aphids the development of smut storylines, to show us the atmosphere of the gloomy and skist nobility and the true life of a simple Russian peasant.
There are two main characters here: Katyusha Maslova, unfairly punished through pardon and nobleman Nekhlyudov. The stinks at once, even though in a different way, go through mental suffering, change internally. The share of pov'yazuє їх life together is absolutely vipadkovym rank, and we take a miraculous story, like smashing eyes on the life of the people of that hour.
"Song of the ball"
Create Leo Tolstoy always about the jokes of morality. І rozpіd "Pіslya balu" not є blame. Shvidsche wines are even more reinforcing the main leitmotif of the creativity of the writer.
Ivan Vasilovich, head hero The colonel's daughter, a stately aristocrat with insouciant manners, Varenka, groaned deeply and strangely.
Ale, one scene ruins everything, the moat on the part of the miracle seems to be, changing the order of Ivan Vasilyovich and up to Varenka, and up to the colonel. Because yoga moral guidelines, my soul, cannot survive those zhorstokostі, with some kind of guilt, having succumbed to Father Varya, in the good-natured Colonel Peter Vladislavovich.
"Caucasian Poloneny"
Zhilin, a Russian officer, honestly a person with a sense of goodness, see his mother and get to know the other officer - Kostilinim. The stench continues along the path at once, and here the griefs with obviously unkind namirs begin to chime in. New acquaintance Zhilina vt_kaє, throwing a comrade at will, and our vіdvazhny hero sip from full to the Tatars. Vtim, Kostilina checks such a share. And two officers are already swearing in the old shed.
Leo Tolstoy describes two absolutely different characters. Zhilin - a good spirit, honesty and innocence in his own, and Kostilin - fearful, uninitiative and weak. The author opposes the officers one to one, roaming for the help of heavy minds full. І tse on the aphids of the Caucasian war. Tsіkavo to read, for yourself here є about what to think about, even if you don’t want to lose heart, as if we were stingy without giving up on the world.
"Family happiness"
Sim'ya is a spiritual link between two people and Lev Mikolayovich Tolstoy speaks about it more than once in his work, because the topic is as important for him as the moral formation of a person. In the novel "Happiness in the Family" we write about the importance of family friends, about the closeness between friends and about how love transforms and becomes bigger, lower, just a bunch of two dead people.
Masha and її sister Sonya became orphans. For young Mary, the death of her mother became a majestic experience, even if all hopes were destroyed. She herself is guilty of moving from the village to the city, to visit the world and learn about the joy of love, zalitsyan. The maiden throws all the busyness and continues to be busy until her guardian, Sergiy Mikhailovich, does not appear at the door of the orphanage. Yogo arrival absolutely changes Masha, she turns to music, takes up training and dies stately Sergiy Mikhailovich. Ale, for whatever reason, the romance will not end, even if on a path to a quiet family happiness, our heroes should go through a long path.
"Kreutzer Sonata"
Tsikave, in its ambiguity, Tolstoy's "Kreutzer Sonata" was hindered before publication by censors. And only the zavdyaki Sophia, the squad of the writer, succumbed to the light of the chosen works.
Pozdnishev, the main hero, ambiguous in his moral image, yogo perekonannya, drawn from predilection, are marvelous and ambiguous. Vin enters into a super-chuckle about kohannya, whores, tossing his own thoughts, supported by an important life drama.
This is a story about bitter jealousy, about a hat, and, no wonder, a kohannya. Aje at the book before us, the life of people is roaring, as if to shy one by one unfortunate. I know that the author himself hangs out his thought, as if it were a quibble in the words of Pozdnishev. Tolstoy is aware that morality is blamed for all lies and to talk about one’s own look at the sight of a man and a woman, but what do you think after reading the Kreutzer Sonata?
"Death of Ivan Illich"
Ivan Illich is a person of great stature, of transversal, such as there are rich and there is nothing in them that would see the middle of a rich NATO. Only in the face of death, our hero is wise - you lived your life differently, you can say, live for nothing. Vіn duzhe richly added, too richly endured and did not kill those that you really want.
Tolstoy, in his story, speaks about mental suffering, like a man endures between deaths, even if he is out at the moment, a man, he learns, rethinks all his vchinki, his skin is a crotch. But nothing can be changed already. It is only painful to worry about those days, as the days passed aimlessly, in which there was no joy, there were no friends on that happy day in the light.
Do not suggest reading the book of Leo Tolstoy "The Death of Ivan III", to the one who will help you to learn about someone else's mercy, to understand the sense of the phrase "tomorrow may not come true."
Biography
Born on 28 September 1828 in the Krapivno district of the Tulsk province, at the mother's recessionary mother - Yasniy Polyana. Bov the 4th child; Yogo three older brothers: Mykola (1823-1860), Sergiy (1826-1904) and Dmitro (1827-1856). In 1830, sister Maria (1830-1912) was born. Yogo's mother died, if Yomu had not yet had 2 rokіv.
A distant relative of T. A. Yergolska took care of orphaned children. In 1837, the family moved to Moscow, settling on Plushivtsi, to that the elder son needed to be prepared before joining the university, but suddenly the father died, having lost his right to , and three young ones. The children settled again in Yasniya Polyana under the supervision of Yergolskaya and her father's aunt, Countess A. M. Osten-Saken, who was recognized as the guardian of the children. Here Lev Mikolayovich was abandoned until 1840, when Countess Osten-Saken died and the children moved to Kazan, to a new guardian - the sister of their father P. I. Yushkov.
Budinok of the Yushkovs, a sprat of a provincial shtibu, ale typical of the world, laying down to the most cheerful near Kazan; all the members of this family highly valued the radiant glow. “My good titon,” Tolstoy said, “the purest truth, forever said that she wouldn’t say anything so much for me, even if I could speak from a foreign woman: rien ne il faut” (“Speak”).
Yomu wanted to shine in the court, to earn the reputation of a young person; but the new one didn’t have any good gifts for that: he was ugly, as if it were given to you, unhandy, and, moreover, youma was adored by natural filthiness. All those that are told in "Otrotstvі" and "Youth" about the pragnennya Irteniev and Nekhlyudov to self-perfection, are taken by Tolstoy from his own ascetic samples. Nairiznomanіtnіshi, as they were named by Tolstoy himself, “myslennia” about the worst food of our butt - happiness, death, God, kohannya, eternity - painfully tormented Yogo in that era of life, if Yogo’s same-year-old brothers and brothers were given to cheerful, easy-going work. honor people. Everything led to the fact that Tolstoy had “a call to a permanent moral analysis”, as you could imagine, “having felt the freshness of the senses and the clarity of the mind” (“Youth”).
osvita
The light of the day went on under the care of the French tutor Saint-Thomas (M-r Jerome "Otroztva"), which replaced the good-natured German Reselman, which he depicted at the "Childhood" under the name of Karl Ivanovich.
15 years old, in 1843 roci, following his brother Dmitry, having entered the Kazan University as a student, he became a professor at the Faculty of Mathematics Lobachevsky, and at Skhidny - Kovalevsky. Until 1847, I was preparing here to join the united Russian faculty at that time, from the category of Arabic-Turkish literature. At the introductory tests of the wines of the zokrema, having shown the excellent results of the obov'yazkovo for the entry of the "Turkish-Tatar language".
Through the conflict of yoga at home with the leader of Russian history and German, Iakims Ivanov, for the results of fate, maw failure from the most important subjects and maw re-pass the program of the first course. In order to avoid a repeated repetition of the course, they transferred to the Faculty of Law, de yogo problems with assessments from Russian and German history were continued. For the rest of the day, Meyer is a civilized teaching; Tolstoy at his hour already became engrossed in his lectures and learned, taking his own special topic for research - the matching of Montesque's "Esprit des lois" and Katerininsky's "Instruction". From which, however, nothing came of it. At the Faculty of Law, Leo Tolstoy, having tried less than two fates: “make it important for you to be taught by other people, and to everything that you have twisted in life, - you have twisted yourself, raptom, shvidko, with a strong practice,” Tolstaya writes. his “Materials for the biography of L. N. Tolstoy”.
At the same time, perebuvayuchi in the Kazan hospital, starting to lead a school, de, following Franklin, set your own goals and rules for self-fulfillment and indicative of success and failure at vikonannі tsikh zavdan, analyze your shortfalls and overflowing thoughts and motives of your own. 1904 to fate having guessed: “... I am the first river ... not timid of anything. On the other river, I started to get busy. .. there was Prof. Meyer, who… giving me a robot – matching Katerini’s “Instruction” with Montesque’s “Esprit des lois”. … I began to work less, I went near the village, began to read Montesque, and this reading opened up my inexhaustible horizons; I became a reader of Rousseau and left the university for the very one who wanted to work.
The cob of literary activity
Having left the university, Tolstoy settled in Yasniy Polyana in the spring of 1847; yogo activity there is often described in “The Rank of the Helper”: Tolstoy tried to make new money with the villagers.
Even a little stitching for journalism; If you want to try to smooth over the fault of panism before the people, it will be necessary until the same fate, if Grigorovich's "Anton Goremik" and Turgenev's "Notes of Thought" appear, but it's just plain ignorance. If you blew literary words here, then it’s richly old-fashioned: Tolstoy was already groaning Rousseau, a hater of civilization and a preacher of turning to primary simplicity.
At his student Tolstoy set his own impersonal goals and rules; it was necessary to follow only a small number of them. The middle is quiet, what is far away is a serious busyness English my, music, jurisprudence. In addition, neither in the student, nor in the sheets did not appear an ear of employment. The main speaker was Foka Demidich, krіpak, and L.N. himself often held classes.
Vykhavshi to St. Petersburg, spring 1848, having begun to try to sleep on the candidate of rights; two sleeps, from criminal law and criminal jurisprudence, slaying safely, prote third іspit vin fold without standing and going to the village.
Lately naїzhdzhav near Moscow, de often addicted to the grey, chimalo zamuchuyuchi tsim their financial blues. During this period of life, Tolstoy especially chirps with music classical composers). The author of the Kreutzer Sonata, having drawn from intuitions, sounded by the light of sounds from the yoga of the soul, has described the sounds that have been described as “prejudiced” by music, having been transferred to a greater number of people.
Bach, Handel and Chopin, beloved composers of Tolstoy. For example, Tolstoy's 1840s rock in his own authorship, we know the clave waltz, which is on the cob of the 1900s rock vykonav for the composer Tanev, which made a musical notation of that musical creativity(single, folded Tolstoy).
The development of Tolstoy's love for music was also taken by those who traveled to St. Petersburg in 1848 in 1848. Vіn zustrіvsya in an arc hardly suitable for a dance class with a gifted, a German musician, whom he aptly described in Alberta. Tolstoy came up with the thought of vryatuvati yogo: vodvіz yogo to Yasnaya Polyana and at the same time with him a rich engraving. For an hour, too, it spent a lot of time at the revelry, rudely drinking.
Vzimka 1850-1851 pp. starting to write "Childhood". At the birch tree in 1851, having written "The History of Yesterday".
Thus passed the 4th anniversary of the unavailability of the university, when Tolstoy's brother, Mikola, came to Yasna Polyana, having served in the Caucasus, and having become one click there. For a long time, Tolstoy did not give in to his brother's call, until the great program in Moscow completed the cherry. In order to pay off, it was necessary to speed up your windfall to a minimum - and spring 1851 Tolstoy, having quarrelsomely gone from Moscow to the Caucasus, without a sing-song mark. Nezabara vіn vyrіshiv vіysku service, but z'appeared to change at the sight of the need for papers, it was important to see them, and Tolstoy lived for about 5 months at the usmіtnennі in P'yatigorsk, at the zvichaynіy hut. I spent a good part of an hour in the field, at the house of the Cossack Yepishka, the prototype of one of the heroes of the story "Cossacks", who figured there under the name of Yorshka.
In the autumn of 1851, the fate of Tolstoy, who spoke in Tiflіsі іspit, became a cadet in the 4th battery of the 20th artillery brigade, which stood in the Cossack village of Starogladovі, on the Terek birch, near Kizlyar. With a light serpentine detail, all of its own originality is depicted in "Cossacks". The same "Cossacks" will give us a picture of the inner life of a fat man, who is in the midst of the capital's virus. The mood, like having experienced Tolstoy-Olenin, is of a two-fold character: here it is a great need to be afraid of a pill and keep civilization and live in a refreshing, clear bosom of nature, posture with the empty intellects of the human, especially the greatness of the early self-love of self-love, here chasing after success with any "empty" one, here it is hard to prove faults against strict victors of true morality.
At the deaf village of Tolstoy, he began to write and in 1852 sent the first part of the future trilogy: Childhood to the editorship of Sovremennik.
Porіvnyаno pіznіy cob of the field is more characteristic of Tolstoy: not in any way a professional writer, professionalism is not in the sense of a profession, which gives a living to life, but in a lesser sense, the importance of literary interests. Tolstoy’s purely literary interests were always on a different plane: he wrote, if he wanted to write, and he needed to hang out as much as possible, and at the great hour, he was a worldly person, an officer, an assistant, a teacher, a light intermediary, a preacher, a teacher of life, etc. having not taken close to the heart the interests of literary parties, far from wanting to talk about literature, giving priority to talking about the nutrition of faith, morality, and suppleness of blue. Joden tver yogo, in Turgenev's words, do not "stink of literature", that did not come out of book moods, from literary isolation.
Viyskova kar'єra
Having reviewed the manuscript of "Childhood", the editor of "Suchasnik" Nekrasov immediately recognized its literary value and wrote a loving sheet to the author, which made him proud of his rank. Vin takes on the continuation of the trilogy, and in his head swarm the plans "Ranka pomishchika", "Nabіgu", "Kozakiv". Nadrukovan in "Suchasnik" 1852 "Childhood", signed with modest initials L. N. T., little superb success; the author was immediately zahrahovuvat to the luminary of the young literary school, in order of voice literary popularity, which was already celebrated by Turgenev, Goncharov, Grigorovich, Ostrovsky. Criticism - Apollon Grigor'ev, Annenkov, Druzhinin, Chernishevsky - appreciated the depth of psychological analysis, the seriousness of the author's narrations, and the glamor of realism for all the veracity of the clearly shrill details of the real life of someone else's vulgarity.
In the Caucasus, Tolstoy lost two fates, taking his fate from the rich things with the highlanders and attacking all the hardships of the fighting Caucasian life. Vіn mav is right and domogannya Georgiyevsky cross, but without taking yoga off, chim, maybe, buv embarrassment. If, for example, 1853, the Crimean war broke out, Tolstoy transferred to the Danube army, taking part in the battle of Oltenitsa in the flank of Silistria, and from leaf fall in 1854 to the end of sickness in 1855 near Sevastopol.
Tolstoy has been alive for a long time on the terrible 4th bastion, commanding a battery at the battle of Chorniy, and during the storming of Malakhov Kurgan during the hellish bombardment. Irrespective of all the oblogs, Tolstoy wrote at the same time a battle explanation of the Caucasian life, “Fox Felling” and the first of the three “Sevastopol Announcements,” “Sevastopol at the Breasts, 1854”. The rest of the confirmation of the wines was sent to the "Suchasnik". In response to the intimidation, the rozpovіd was eagerly read by all of Russia and celebrated with a blatantly hostile picture of zhahіv that fell on the lot of the defenders of Sevastopol. The rose was marked by Emperor Mikola; he ordered to take care of the gifted officer, which, prote, was unexpected for Tolstoy, who did not want to go into the category of the “staff” hated by him.
Stele on a riddle about a participant in the defense of Sevastopol in 1854-1855. L. N. Tolstoy beat the fourth bastion
For the defense of Sevastopol, Tolstoy was awarded the Order of St. Annie with the inscription "For goodness" and medals "For the defense of Sevastopol 1854-1855" and "For the riddle about the war of 1853-1856". With a close popularity and a strong reputation for being a good officer, Tolstoy has a good chance of getting a career, but he himself zіpsuvav її. Chi is not the only time in life (so do not take into account the ruined for children "Half of different options bilin in one" in yoga pedagogical creations) indulging in verses: having written a satirical song, on a kshtalt of soldiers, with the drive of an unfortunate 4 (165) 5 serpnya Koli General Read, having misunderstood the order of the commander-in-chief, unreasonably attacked the Fedyukhinsky heights. Pisenka (Like the fourth day, it was not easy for us to burn in grief), which sang a number of lowly important generals, small majestic success and, obviously, harmed the author. Right after the assault on September 27 (Vesny 8), Tolstoy sent messages by courier to St. Petersburg, de ending "Sevastopol near the grass of 1855." she wrote "Sevastopol near sickle 1855".
"Sevastopol opovіdannya" residually marked his reputation as a representative of the new literary generation.
Travel to Europe
In St. Petersburg, yoga was warmly sung in the grand salons, and in literary groups; especially close to the vins of Turgenev, with which he lives in the same apartment. The rest of yoga in the group of "Suchasnik" and other literary coryphaeuses: becoming friends with friends from Nekrasov, Goncharov, Panaev, Grigorovich, Druzhinin, Sollogub.
“Since Sevastopol’s poor people, the life of the capital has little beauty for a wealthy, life-radius, inconsistent young comrade. On piats and cards, revels with gypsies, Tolstoy stained whole days and nights” (Levenfeld).
At the same hour, “Zaviryukha”, “Two Hussars” were written, “Sevastopol at the sickle” and “Youth” were completed, the writing of the future “Kozakiv” was continued.
A merry life did not bother to overcome the bitter siege at the soul of Tolstoy, more so that in the new one a stronger discord began with a group of writers close to you. As a result, “people were stunned and stumbled on their own” - and on the cob 1857 Tolstoy stinged St. Petersburg without food and broke through the cordon.
At the first train across the cordon, having seen Paris, they sighed the cult of Napoleon I (“Delighting lihodiya, greedy”), at the same time they saw Bali, museums, and sighed “feeling of social freedom.” Prote's presence at the guillotine struck a heavy blow, that Tolstoy, having left Paris and destroyed near the city, tied up with Rousseau - on Lake Geneva. It's time to write the story of Albert and the story of Lucerne.
In the interim between the first and the other trips, I continue the work on the Cossacks, writing Three Deaths and Happy Family. At the same time, at the same time, on Tolstoy’s watering, the ice did not die (on March 22, 1858). A new one has an affair with the village woman Aksiniya, at once in a new one, the need for a village is ripening.
At the approaching poїzdtsі yogo cіkavili mainly people's illuminance and install it, yakі mayut on the day of the day lighting level worker of the population. The food of the people's enlightenment of wines was respectfully taught in Germany and France both theoretically, and practically, and in a way of conversation with fahivtsy. W prominent people Nіmechchini yogo most zatsіkaviv Auerbakh, as the author of dedications to the people's butt "Schwarzwald opovidan" and the witness of folk calendars. Tolstoy made a visit to you and tried to get close to him. Under the hour of rebuking at Brussels, Tolstoy got to know Proudhon and Lelewel. At London, I saw Herzen, but at the lectures of Dickens.
Tolstoy's serious mood at another hour's rise in the price of France's day was taken by those who died of tuberculosis due to tuberculosis of his brother Mikola. The death of his brother struck Tolstoy with majestic hostility.
Pedagogical activity
Turning to Russia without a hitch, following the wave of the villagers, and becoming a light intermediary. They marveled at the people, like at a young brother, whom they needed to raise on themselves; Tolstoy, thinking, on the contrary, that the people are inexorably higher for cultural class and that the panamas need to show the heights of the spirit of the peasants. Vіn actively engaged in the power of schools in his Yasnіy Polyana and in the former Krapivno county.
The Yasnaya Polyana school should be up to the original pedagogical tests: in the era of the serene schism in front of the new German pedagogy, Tolstoy stood up boldly against any kind of regulation and discipline at the school; The only method of vikladannya is that vihovannya, which vyznavav, but the one that the method does not require. Everything in vikladan may be individual - and teacher, and student, and those mutual stosunki. At the Yasnaya Polyana school, children sat, some de hot, some skilky hot, and some like hot. There was no daily singing program. The only head of the teacher poked at the one who got the class. Busy went miraculously. Їх вів вів Tolstoy himself for the help of a number of senior teachers and a number of vipadkovyh, from the closest acquaintances and those who came.
Since 1862, having become the publisher of the pedagogical journal Yasna Polyana, the definitive guide to learning about wine myself. On top of the theoretical articles, Tolstoy also wrote a series of opi- dans , stories and translations. Received at once, Tolstoy's pedagogical statutes put together a whole volume of collections of his works. There are few expansions of a special magazine in the arc, the stinks of their time have been left with few marks. On the sociological basis of Tolstoy's ideas about enlightenment, on those that Tolstoy is in illumination, science, mysticism and the success of technology, more easily and thoroughly ways to exploit the people by the greater classes, without having brought any respect. Not only that: from Tolstoy's attacks on European illumination, and at that time, in love with the understanding of "progress", there was a lot of people who did not ravely praise the whiskers, that Tolstoy was a "conservative".
Close to 15 years, there was a curiosity of incomprehensibility, which brought such a, for example, organically parallel writer, like M. M. Strakhov, to Tolstoy. Only in 1875, N. K. Mikhailovsky at the article “The Disciple and Shuytsya of Count Tolstoy”, which opposes the close analysis and transmission of Tolstoy’s farther activities, describing the spiritual vision of the original Russian writers in the real light. Little respect, like a bula attached to Tolstoy's pedagogical articles, is often explained by those who did not take much care of him.
Apollon Grigor'ev has the right to name his article about Tolstoy ("The Hour", 1862) "Phenomena of modern literature missed by our criticism." Overwhelmingly pleasantly sounding the debits and credits of Tolstoy and "Sevastopol's tales", recognizing in the new great hope of Russian literature (Druzhinin to instill some new epithet "genius"), criticism of later fates at 10-12, before the advent of "War on the world" is not the same that you cease to recognize Yogo even as a great writer, and seem to cool down to the new one.
Until the stories and drawings, written by him like the 1850s, lay "Lucerne" and "Three Deaths".
Sim'ya that offspring
For example, in the 1850s, I got to know Sophia Andriivna Bers (1844-1919), the daughter of a Moscow doctor from the Baltic Germans. Youmu ishov is already a quarter of a decade, Sofia Andriivna was less than 17 years old. On the 23rd of spring 1862, having made friends with her, the fullness of family happiness swept away. In the person of his retinue, he knows not only the most important and most famous friend, but also the unforgetable helper of all the right, practical and literary. For Tolstoy, this is the brightest period of his life - the suffocation of special happiness, the significant zeal of Sophia Andriivna’s practicality, material goodness, visible, easily given tension literary creativity and at the link with her there was no glory of the All-Russian, that buv and the all-world.
Tolstoy's protégés with the retinue were bezkhmarny. Between them, they often blamed welding, zokrema at the link with the way of life, which Tolstoy created himself.
* Sergiy (10 lime 1863 - 23 breast 1947)
* Tetyana (4th Zhovtnya 1864 - 21st Spring 1950). Since 1899, she was friends with Mikhail Sergiyovich Sukhotin. In 1917-1923 Yasna Polyana was the curator of the museum-sadibi. In 1925, the mother emigrated with her daughter. Daughter Tetyana Mikhailovna Sukhotina-Albertina 1905-1996
* Illya (May 22, 1866 - March 11, 1933)
* Lion (1869-1945)
* Maria (1871-1906) Pokhovana near the village. Cocheti of Krapivensky district. Since 1897, she was friends with Mykola Leonidovich Obolensky (1872-1934)
* Petro (1872-1873)
* Mikola (1874-1875)
* Barbara (1875-1875)
* Andriy (1877-1916)
* Mikhailo (1879-1944)
* Oleksiy (1881-1886)
* Oleksandra (1884-1979)
* Ivan (1888-1895)
Rosequit creativity
By stretching the first 10-12 years after the friendship, I create “War and Peace” and “Anna Karenina”. At the borders of another doby literary life Tolstoy to stand conceived 1852 p. and ended 1861-1862 "Cossacks", the first of his creations, who have the great talent of Tolstoy and their genius. For the first time in the all-world literature, with such eloquence and singing, the bula showed the difference between evil cultural people, in the daytime in strong, clear moods - and without middleness of people close to nature.
Tolstoy, showing that the peculiarity of people who are close to nature is not in that, but the stench of the garni and the filth. Can't name good heroes I created the fat dashing horse thief Lukashka, I dissolved the girl Maryanka in her own way, I drank Yoroshka. Ale, one cannot call them filthy, for the stink cannot be traced to evil; Yoroshka directly perekonany, scho "in no way there is no sin." Tolstoy's Cossacks are just living people, they have a soulful turmoil not clouded by reflection. "Cossacks" were rated in their own time. Beforehand, everything was written with “progress” and the success of civilization, so that they would grow up, like a representative of culture, having saved before the power of uninterrupted spiritual ruptures like a drunkard.
Nebuvaliy succes vipaw on the share of "War and the world." Essay from the novel under the name "1805 R." appearing in the "Russian Visnik" in 1865; in 1868 three yogo parts came out, after which another two came.
Recognized by the critics of the whole world as the greatest epic creation of new European literature, "War and Peace" is already hostile from the technical point of view with the dimensions of its fictional canvas. Only in painting you can find a parallel in the majestic paintings of Paolo Veronese at the Venetian Palace of the Living, hundreds of special inscriptions with supra-primary variety and individual viraz. In Tolstoy's novel, all classes of suspense are represented, from emperors and queens to the last soldier, all ages, all temperaments and expanses of the whole reign of Alexander I.
"Anna Karenina"
There is no longer any inexorable radiant flood with the bliss of the butt in Anna Karenina, which can be seen until 1873-1876. There is even more rich inner experience in Mayzhe’s autobiographical novel Levin and Kitty, and yet there are stilts of hot water in the depiction of Dolly’s family life, in the unfortunately completed cohann of Anna Karenina and Vronsky, the stilts of anxiety in the soulful life of Levin, and in the third stage of the transition of the novel activity of Tolstoy.
In September 1871, Tolstoy corrected A. A. Fetu of the sheet: “How happy I am ... I won’t write more rich language on the “Vijni” kshtalt.”
Russian writers of the stake to the magazine "Suchasnik". I. A. Goncharov, I. S. Turgenev, L. N. Tolstoy, D. V. Grigorovich, A. V. Druzhinin and A. N. Ostrovsky (1856)
On December 6, 1908, Leo Tolstoy wrote to his student: “People love me for those trifles -“ War and Peace ”is thin, like they are made to be more respectful”
In the spring of 1909, one of the leaders of Yasnskaya Polyana, having hoisted up his zakhoplenya for the creation of "War on the World" and "Anna Karenina". Tolstoy vіdpovіv: “It's all the same, that before Edison one came and said to the bi:“ I already respect you for those who dance the mazurka well. I attribute significance to my other books (religious!)”.
At the sphere of material interests, having become, say to yourself: “Well, garazd, you will have 6,000 acres in the Samara province - 300 heads of horses, and then?”; in the sphere of literature: “Well, good, you will be glorious for Gogol, Pushkin, Shakespeare, Moliere, all the writers in the world, - well, well!”. Starting to think about children, vin asking yourself: “what’s next?”; rozmirkovuchi "about those, how the people can reach goodness", wine "by raptly saying to yourself: what's the matter for me?" Zagalom, vin “believing that those on whom they stood vindicated, they thought that the one on whom vin was alive is no longer.” A natural legacy was the thought of self-destruction.
"I, happy people, having taken a lace for yourself, so as not to hang on the cross-beam between the wardrobes at your room, when I am alone today, roaming, and ceasing to walk with a towel on the watering, so as not to think about it in an easy way to save my life. I myself do not know what I want: I was afraid of life, having jumped out of sight of the new one, at the same time, which I was able to see the new.
Religious jokes
In order to know the evidence on the torment of yoga nutrition and sumniv, Tolstoy took up the final theology and wrote and saw in 1891 in Geneva his “Reading the Dogmatic Theology”, in which he criticized the “Orthodox-Dogmatic Theology” of Metropolitan Makariya (Metropolitan Bu. In conversation with priests and priests, going to the elders to Optinya Pustin, reading theological treatises. rozkolnikov, approaching the thoughtful villager Syutaev, talking with the Molokans, Stundists. .
Step-by-step, you become guilty of the troubles and difficulties of a rich life, you are richly engaged in physical practice, you dress in the simplest clothes, you become a vegetarian, you go out with all your great camp, you are inspired by the rights of literary authority. On this ground of pure inspiration and exaltation to moral perfection, the third period of Tolstoy's literary activity is being created, homemade rice such a list of all forms of sovereign, supremacy and religious life. A significant part of looking at Tolstoy could not take anhydrous virase in Russia, in the eyes of the public, it was found out only in out-of-the-way circles of religious and social treatises.
Somewhere along the lines of a one-family note, it was not possible to build on the reference to Tolstoy's literary works, written during this period. So, in a long series of small stories, those legends, recognized as important for popular reading (“What people live for” and in.), Tolstoy, in the thought of his insane shanuvalnikov, reached the pinnacle of artistic power - that elemental mastery, as only folk sayings, that that they inspire the creativity of the whole people. Navpaki, at the thought of people, they are smitten with Tolstoy for those who pretended to be an artist as a preacher, they were written with the sing-song method of the artist’s rudely tendentious speech. High and terrible is the truth of The Death of Ivan III, to the mind of the shanuvalniks, to put this vitver in order with the main works of the genius of Tolstoy, to the thought of others, it is strongly firm, it is strongly embarrassing the callousness of the higher creeds of the morality of "simplicity", in order to show the transcendence of simplicity. The vibes of the protelazhnyh sensibilities themselves, the crying out by the analysis of the friends’ stanzas, that indirectly, despite the humbleness of the beloved life, in the Kreutzer Sonata, forgetting about the wondrous fieryness and predilection, for which this story is written. The folk drama “Vlada pіtmi”, in the mind of Tolstoy’s shanuvalniks, showed great artistic strength: in the tight frame of the ethnographic creation of the Russian peasant, Tolstoy tried to zoom in on the styles of savage human rice, which the drama staged with colossal success.
In the rest of the great work of the novel "Voskresinnya", he sued the court practice, that great suffocation, caricatured the clergy and liturgy.
Critics of the remaining phase of Tolstoy's literary-propaganda activity know that the artistic power of yoga suffered immeasurably due to the overriding of theoretical interests and that creativity is now needed only for Tolstoy, so that in the most accessible form to propagandize his spiritual supremacy. In this aesthetic treatise (“About the Mystery”), one can know enough material to denounce Tolstoy as the enemy of the mysticism: moreover, what Tolstoy here partly denies, partly significantly applies the artistic meaning of Dante, Raphael, Hete, Shakespeare (on the ) seeing “special suffering” for the purpose of “false like works of art”), Beethoven and so on, vin straight to come to the point that “the more we see beauty, the more we see goodness.”
View of the Church
Lying down to the people and baptism to the Orthodox Church, wines, like the most representatives of the illumined life of their time in their youth and youth, they were baiduzhiy to religious food. In the middle of the 1870s, there was a growing interest in the Orthodox Church before the wedding; the turning point, the death of the Church, that kind of participation in the її rites, half of the year 1879 became an hour for him. In the 1880s, he took a position of unequivocally critical position to the church faith, the clergy, the state clergy. The publication of Tolstoy's important works was blocked by spiritual and secular censorship. In 1899, Tolstoy's novel "Resurrection" was born, in which the author showed the life of different social versions of contemporary Russia; the clergy were depicted mechanically and our victorious ceremonies, and the cold and cynical Toporov was taken by the deacons for a caricature of K. P. Pobedonostsev, chief procurator of the Holy Synod.
In the fierce 1901, the Synod was still shying to the point of thinking about Tolstoy's public condemnation and about the slandering of those who are known by the church. Metropolitan Anthony (Vadkovsky) took an active part in this. As it appears in the camera-further magazines, on the 22nd of the fierce Victorious, near Mikoli II at the Winter Palace, it was close to the year. Deyakі historians vvazhayut, scho Pobedonostsev having arrived to the king directly from the Synod and are preparing appointments.
On February 24 (Old Style), 1901, in the official organ of the Synod “Church Vіdomostі, which are seen for the Holy Order of the Year” was published “Designation of the Holy Synod on 20-22 February 1901. No. 557 Leo Tolstoy":
Vіdomy svіtovі pisnik, rosіyskiy for narodzhenny, orthodox for christenings and vihovannyam his, Count Tolstoy, at peace proud of his mind, zukhvalo standing on the Lord and on Christ Yogo and on holy Yogo nadbannya, clearly before the mustache of the mother, the Church yoga. Orthodox, and dedicating his literary activity and giving to you of God the talent for expanding among the people navchan, opposed to Christ and the Church, and for blaming in the minds and hearts of people of the faith of the father, the faith of the Orthodox, as the all-world approved, as our ancestors lived, as our ancestors lived Dosi trimalasya and mіtsna bula Russia is holy.
In their creations and sheets, in their impersonal rozsiyuvani them that yoga in the whole world, especially at the borders of our dear Vtchisni, propagating wine, out of the jealousy of a fanatic, the fall of all the dogmas of the Orthodox Church, the very essence of the Christian faith; declaring a special living God, at the Holy Trinity of the glorious, Creator and Provider of the whole world, banning the Lord Jesus Christ - the God-man, the Redeemer and the Savior of the world, that having suffered us for the sake of people and our sake for the sake of salvation and the resurrected from the dead, zachuє without mischief conceived for the people Mother of God Everlasting Mary, do not know potoybichcha and marnoslavism, recognizing all the rites of the Church and giving grace in them to the work of the Holy Spirit, fawning over the very sacred objects of the faith of the Orthodox people, not shuddering to sneer at the most of the rites, the holy Eucharist. All this is preached by Count Tolstoy without interruption, in a word and writings, until peace that zhahu of the entire Orthodox world, and it is not choked, but clearly in front of the mustache, svіdomo that navmisno vіdkinuv himself in the presence of some kind of conflict with the Orthodox Church.
And try, scho boulevard to mind, did not succeed. The Church does not respect this with its members and cannot respect it, the docks of guilt do not repent and do not renew its connection with it. To him, being aware of the fall of the Church, we pray at once that the Lord grant you repentance in the mind of truth (2 Tim. 2:25). We pray, merciful Lord, do not want the death of sinners, have mercy and have mercy on the beasts of yoga until Thy holy Church. Amen.
Leo Tolstoy affirmed his rise from the Church at the "Vidpovidi Synod": "I truly called the church, having ceased to celebrate these rites and wrote at the command to my loved ones, that the stench, if I die, did not allow church servants to reach me, and they cleaned my dead body yaknaishvidshe, without spells and prayers over him.
The synodal appointment called out the storming of the singing part of the church; Leaves and telegrams were sent to Tolstoy's address expressing sympathy;
For example, in the fierce year of 2001, the great-grandson of Count Volodymyr Tolstoy, who cherishes the museum-sadiboy of the writer in Yasniy Polyana, sent a sheet to the Patriarch of Moscow and All Russia Alexii II to look over the synodal appointment; At an unofficial interview on the TV channel, the Patriarch said: "We cannot look at us at once, for those who can still look at it, as if a person is changing his position." At the birch 2009 the fate of Vl. Tolstoy, after hanging his thought about the meaning of the synodal act: “I looked through the documents, read the newspapers at that time, got acquainted with the materials of the huge discussions for a long time. I felt guilty in me that this act gave a signal to a total split Russian Suspіlstvo. The noble families split apart, and the great aristocracy, and the local nobility, and the intelligentsia, and the various peoples, and the common people. The fissure went through the body of the entire Russian, Russian people.
Leave the fates of life. Death and funeral
Zhovtni 1910 rock, vykonuyuchi its decision to live stay rocky clearly before his eyes, secretly leaving Yasna Polyana. Own the rest is more expensive rozpochav at the station Kozlova Zasika; due to the cost of ailments for the burning of legends and turmoil, he would grow a tooth at the small station of Astapovo (Nine Lev Tolstoy, Lipetsk region), de 7 (20) leaf fall and died.
10 (23) leaf fall of 1910 buried in Yasniya Polyana, on the edge of the ravine in the forest, de in childhood wine together with the brother shukav "green stick", scho took the "secret", as to make all people happy.
In the Sіchni 1913, Roku Bulo was published by the sheet of the deceased Tolstoy VID 22, 1912 rocks, in the Yakoku Vaughnzhu Poludomalen in the Presi about those in the grave of Cholovіki, I am a priestly waist (there is a stranger about those, n. presence. Countess Zokrema wrote: “I declare that Lev Mikolayovich once before his death did not hang the bazhanny not to be rehabilitated, but having previously written to his student in 1895, as if he would say: “If it is possible, then (how) without priests that resurrection. Ale, if it’s unacceptable, if you like it, then don’t let it go, as if it’s obvious, but it’s cheaper and simpler.
There is also an unofficial version of the death of Leo Tolstoy, published in emigration by I.K. Sursky after the words of an official of the Russian police. Behind her, the writer, before his death, wanted to reconcile with the church and arrived for him in Optina a desert. Here he was the checker of the orders to the Synod, but, filthy to himself, he was vigilant, he brought his daughter, who arrived, and died at the post station Astapovo.
Lev Mikolayovich Tolstoy is the author of works both for grown-ups and for children. For young readers, explanations, boules, tales, tales of the famous prose writer are appropriate. Create Tolstoy for children to introduce love, kindness, courage, justice, guilt.
Fairy tales for little ones
Qi create can be read to the little ones by their fathers. Children of 3-5 rokiv cіkavo get to know the heroes of fairy tales. If the little ones learn how to put together the letters of the word, then they can read and write Tolstoy for children independently.
The fairy tale "Three Vedmedi" tells about the girl Masha, who lost her way in the fox. Vaughn came across a budinochok and veiled to the new one. There was a bowl of nakritiya, on the new one there were 3 bowls of various sizes. Masha nibbled on a bunch of two big ones, and then she made all the soup, like a bottle of liquor on a small plate. Then she sat on the table and slept on the bed, like a table and a plate, there was Mishutz. If at the same time from the bears-fathers, turning home and shaking the mustache, wanting to sip the girl, she blew at the window and flowed.
To the little ones, there will be the works of Tolstoy for children, written at the sight of fairy tales.
Advice-boules
For the children of the older age, read Tolstoy’s works for children in a flamboyant way, written in the format of small admonitions, for example, about a boy who even wanted to learn, but his mother did not allow yoga.
Rozpovid "Filipok" starts from this. Ale, the lad Philip, after all, went to school without a drink, if he was left alone at home with his grandmother. Zayshovshi to the class, grinning back to back, and then we took it up to our hands and asked the teacher for food. Vikladach told the child to ask the matir, so that she allowed Filipka to go to school. The axis is like a boy, he wants to learn. Adzhe learn about new things - it’s so cool!
More about one small and good person writing Tolstoy. Create for children, as Lev Mikolayovich wrote, turn on the phrase “Pidkiden”. For some reason, we know about the girl Masha, as she showed her house on the edge nemovlya. The girl was kind, gave the little girl a drink of milk. Mother wanted to see the little boss, to the fact that her homeland was poor, but Masha said that there weren’t enough kids, and she herself would look after him. The girl was finishing the words, she was singing, yearning, putting the silence to bed.
The rise is coming, like before, grounding on real grounds. It is called vin "Cow". Creation speaks about the widow Mary, six children and a cow.
Tolstoy, create for children, created in a povchalniy form
After reading the rozpovidi "Kamin" in a short time, you will change your mind, that it’s not a good thing for a long time to bear anger at someone. Adzhe tse ruynіvne pochtya.
In the description, one ordinary person was wearing a stone in his bosom in the literal meaning of the word. If a rich man, his deputy to help him, threw a stone at the poor man. If the rich man’s life changed abruptly, he was taken to the pit, he wanted to be thrown into a new stone, what a save, but the anger had long since passed, and pity came to change.
Well, I feel a little like you, reading the rozpovid "Poplar". The investigation is carried out in the first individual. The author at once from the helpers wanted to virubati young poplars. These were the boules of the old tree. The man thought that he could make his life easier, but everything turned out differently. The poplars withered and gave life to new trees. The old tree perished, and the new pagons of the practitioners were gone.
Bikes
Not everyone knows what Leo Tolstoy does for children - it’s not only fairy tales, explanations, but also tales that are written in prose.
For example, "Murakha that dove." Having read this tale, the children sprout the whiskers, what good things to pull the side of the wind behind them.
Murakha fell into the water and began to drown, the dove threw a little nail to you there, which the bodolaha began to vibrate. As if he had placed a string on a dove, wanting to make pasta, but here a goosebump came to help the bird. Vin tasted myslivtsya by the leg, groaning. At the same time, the dove vibrated from the net and flew.
Merit for respect and іnshі povchalnі tales, yakі vigadav Leo Tolstoy. Create for children, written in any genre, tse:
- "Turtle and Eagle";
- "Head and tail of a snake";
- "Lion and Bear";
- "Donkey that kin";
- "Lion, witch and fox";
- "Toad and lion";
- "Vil that old."
"Childhood"
Students of the young and middle school age can be encouraged to read the first part of the trilogy of L. N. Tolstoy "Childhood", "Adolescence", "Youth". It will be familiar to you, how their coevals of the same age lived - children of foreign fathers, near the 19th century.
The story begins with the acquaintance of Nikolay Arteniev, who made 10 years. Good manners were nailed to the lad from childhood. Axis and at once, having rolled over, vinted himself, dressed up, and the teacher Karl Ivanovich moved his young brother to take care of his mother. Vaughn poured out tea at the lavatory, then she drank it.
This is how Leo Tolstoy described the rank scene. Do good for children to read young readers, kokhannya, like this story. The author describes how it feels like Nikolenka became a father to his father - purer that wider kohannya. Tsya tale will be dear to young readers. The older classes stink about the progress of the book - "Boyhood" and "Youth".
Create Tolstoy: list
Small explanations are easy to read. After naming some of them, Lev Mikolayovich wrote for children:
- "Eskimosi";
- "Two comrades";
- "Bulka ta vovk";
- "Yak walk tree";
- "Girls are wise for the old";
- "Yabluni";
- "Magnit";
- "Lozina";
- "Two merchants";
- "Kistochka".
- "Candle";
- "Bad Look";
- "Shkіdlive povіtrya";
- "Hares";
- "Deer".
Rozpovid about creatures
In Tolstoy, there are even more outrageous rhetoric. We know about the brave boy from the offensive history, as it is called "Koshenya". An intestine lived in one sim. For some hour she got out. If the children - brother and sister knew її, then they cheered that the gut gave birth to cochineal. The lads took one of them, began to look at the little virobnitstvo - yearning, stumbling.
As if the stench went for a walk and took the wind from them. Ale, without a hitch, the children forgot about the new one. They only guessed that, if the little ones were threatened by the bida, the miserable dogs raced at the new one with a bark. The girl snarled and ran in, and the lad rushed to harrow the mow. Vіn curved it with his body and in such a rank vryatuv vіd dogs, which then vydklikav myslivets.
In the description of the "Elephant" we know about the gigantic creature that lives in India. The owner behaved badly with him - he may not have been arrogant and zmushuvav richly pratsyuvati. Once the creature did not show such devotion and made a man grow by stepping on a new foot. The deputy of the big elephant, choosing as the master of the boy - yogo sin.
Axis cіkavі opovіdannya writing a classic The best creations of Leo Tolstoy for children. The stench will help to attach to the lads richly brown and important qualities, to teach better bachiti and to understand the most important light.
Biography.
Lev Mikolayovich Tolstoy - Collection of 279 works
For lovers of Leo Tolstoy's creativity 2010 - a landmark river. We marked the 9th of spring the 100th anniversary of the day of the 1st death.
Lev Mikolayovich Tolstoy. Biography with photos
Lev Mikolayovich Tolstoy was born on the 9th of spring 1828 at the garden of Yasna Polyana. Among the ancestors of the writer on the Batkiv line - an associate of Peter I - P. A. Tolstoy, one of the first in Russia, who took the title of count. Participant Vytchiznyanoi war 1812 buv father of a writer gr. N. I. Tolstoy. On his mother's line, Tolstoy lied to the family of the princes Bolkonsky, who became disputed with the princes Trubetskoy, Goltsinim, Odoevsky, Likoviy and other noble families. By his mother, Tolstoy was a relative of A. Z. Pushkin.
If Tolstoy is the ninth river, the father first brought him to Moscow, the defeat of the zustrichi was vividly conveyed by the future writer to the childish creation of the "Kremlin". The first period of young Tolstoy's Moscow life was in less than a few years. Vіn early orphans, having spent the matir on the head, and then the father. With the sister of that three brothers, young Tolstoy moved to Kazan. One of the Batkiv sisters lived here, as if she became their guardian.
Living in Kazan, Tolstoy spent two and a half years getting ready to enter the university, having started in 1844 as a student, and then at the Faculty of Law. I learned Turkish and Tatar language from the well-known Turkologist Professor Kazembek.
Busy with government programs and assistants were tightening Tolstoy the student. Vіn zahopivsya independent work on the historical topic and, having left the university, went from Kazan to Yasnskaya Polyana, taken away by him according to the division of the fatherland. Potim vіn destroying Moscow, de naprikintsі 1850 p. yogo writing activity began: an unfinished story from a gypsy pobutu (the manuscript was not saved) and a description of one day lived ("History of a yesterday's day"). The same is true of the story "Childhood". Nezabarom Tolstoy went to the Caucasus, de yogo older brother Mikola Mikolayovich, artillery officer, serving in the infantry army. Having entered the army as a junker, he later graduates to the junior officer rank. The wrath of the writer during the Caucasian war appeared in the descriptions of "Nabig" (1853), "Cutting a fox" (1855), "Complaints" (1856), in the story "Cossacks" (1852-1863). In the Caucasus, the story "Childhood" was completed, in 1852. instructed at the magazine "Suchasnik".
When the Crimean War broke out, Tolstoy moved from the Caucasus to the Danube army, which fought against the Turks, and then to Sevastopol, besieged by the united forces of England, France and Turkey.
Autumn 1856 viyshov at the front and without a hitch breaking at the pvrіchnu zakordonna more expensive, seeing France, Switzerland, Italy and Nіmechchina. In 1859 p. Tolstoy opened a school for village children near Yasniya Polyana, which added to the education of over 20 schoolchildren in the most important villages.
One of the first works of the writer were the poems "Childhood", "Adolescence" and "Youth", "Youth" (like, prote, not written). According to the author's idea, the stench is small to put together the novel "Chotiri of the era of development."
On the cob 1860s. for a decade, the order of life of Tolstoy is restored, yogo will be beaten. At 1862 p. Vіn made friends with the daughter of the Moscow doctor Sophia Andriivna Bers.
Pismennik works on the novel "War and Peace" (1863-1869). Having completed "War and Peace," Tolstoy's rokіv vyvchav materials about Peter I that yogo hour. However, having written a piece of the "Petrine" novel, Tolstoy was inspired by his own idea.
In the spring of 1873 p. Tolstoy pochav and through chotiri roki finished the work on the great novel about fortune, naming yoga after him main heroine- "Anna Karenina".
On the cob 1880s. Tolstoy moved from his family from Yasnaya Polyana to Moscow, talking about those who would give enlightenment to their children who had grown up. In 1882 p. passing the census of the Moscow population, in which the writer took his fate. Vіn closely touched the bagmen of the Mіsk netrіv and described their terrible life in the article about the census and in the treatise "So why should we work?" (1882-1886).
On the basis of social and psychological development, Tolstoy's novel "The Lord and the Practitioner" (1895) will be developed, stylistically tied to a cycle of folk opi- dans, written in 80 rubles.
All the work of the writer is united by the thought of the inevitable and close by the hour of the "disconnection" of social corruption, of the replacement of the "communal" order, that he has lived for himself. “I don’t know how the opening will be,” writing Tolstoy in 1892, “but how to get to it from the right and how to continue like this, in such forms, you can’t live, I’m crying.” With this idea, the greatest creative work of Tolstoy's "pizny" was inspired - the novel "Resurrection" (1889-1899).
In the rest of the decade of his life, the writer worked on the story "Hadji Murad" (1896 - 1904), in which he put "two poles of sovereign absolutism" - the European one, with the support of Nicholas I, and the Asian one, with the support of Shamil. the article "I can't speak", protesting against the reprisals against the participants in the 1905-1907 years. Until what period do the rozpovid of the writer "To the ball", "For what?"
Struggling with the way of life in Yasniya Polyana, Tolstoy more than once got up and did not dare to leave for a long time. But to live according to the principle of "at once-narizno" is no longer a moment and at night on the 28th of Zhovtnya (10th leaf fall) secretly leaving Yasna Polyana. Due to the cost of ailments on the burning of legends and turmoil, he would grow a tooth at the small station of Astapovo (nine Leo Tolstoy), and he died. 10(23) leaf fall 1910 the writer was buried in Yasniy Polyana, in the forest, on the edge of the ravine, in childhood, together with his brother, joking the "green stick" that he took the "secret", as if to make all people happy.
dzherelo: Federal Agency for Culture and Cinematography - http://www.rosculture.ru/
Name: Collection of works by L.M. Tolstoy
L.M. Tolstoy
Genre: Dramaturgy, tragedy, comedy, journalism, prose
Language: Russian
Format: FB2
Yakist: vіdmіnne
Number of works: 279
Rozmir: 20.08 Mb
List of creations:
1. War and peace. Volume 1
2. War and peace. Volume 2
3. War and peace. Volume 3
4. War and peace. Volume 4
childishness. Childhood. Yunist
1. Childhood
2. Childhood
3. Youth
Help
1. Help
2. To the king and yoga commemorators
3. I can't speak
According to
From the notes of Prince D. Nekhlyudov (Lucerne)
Polikushka
Marker's wound
fake coupon
Polotnomir
P'yesi
Vlada pіtmi, abo "Claw uv'yaz, all birds of the abyss"
I light in the darkness to shine
See all the yakos
The first distiller, or Yak Chortenya deserved the edge
The fruits of enlightenment
Advice
Albert
Assyrian king Esarhadon
Bіdnі people
Vdyachny soil
God is that human
Vovk
Vorozhe sticky, but God mіtsne
De kokhannya, there is God
Two brothers and gold
Two old
Girls are wise for the old
Expensive cost
For what?
Marker notes
Notes of divine
Grain with chicken egg
From Caucasian traditions. Complaints
Ilyas
Yak devil the edge of vikupovuvav
Karma
sinner, what to repent
Korniv Vasiliev
Khreschennik
Zaviryuha
Chi rich people of the earth are needed
Unfinished. sketches
Songs in the countryside
After the ball
Prozhdzhiy and peasant
Pratsіvnik Omelyan and empty drum
Rozmova with a passerby
Ruinuvannya baked that yoga inspiration
Rubanya fox. Razpovid junker
Candle
The power of childishness
Dream of a young king
Suratska kava
Three days near the village
Three parables
Three elders
Three blue
Let the fire in - do not put out
Francoise
Khodinka
Lord and practitioner
What people live
What am I dreaming about ...
Berries
Collection of works in twenty-two volumes
1. Volume 1. Childhood, Childhood, Youth
2. Volume 2. Create 1852-1856 rr.
3. Volume 3. Create 1857-1863 pp.
4. Volume 4. War and peace
5. Volume 5. War and peace
6. Volume 6. War and peace
7. Volume 7. War and peace
8. Volume 8. Anna Karenina
9. Volume 9. Anna Karenina
10. Volume 10. Create 1872-1886 pp.
11. Volume 11. Create dramatic 1864-1910 pp.
12. Volume 12. Create 1885-1902 pp.
13. Volume 13. Sunday
14. Volume 14. Create 1903-1910 pp.
15. Volume 15. Articles about literature and art
16. Volume 16. Selected publicistic articles
17. Volume 17. Selected publicistic articles
18. Volume 18. Selected sheets 1842-1881
19. Volume 19. Selected sheets 1882-1899
20. Volume 20. Selected sheets 1900-1910
21. Volume 21. Selected students 1847-1894
22. Volume 22. Selected students 1895-1910
Pose in series:
Russian classical prose
Carthago Delenda Est (Carthage can be fried)
Shark
Alyosha Pot
Apostle John and the Robber
Archangel Gabriel
Bilka ta vovk
Gluzdі mrії
The blessing of Love
God chi mamon
Velyka Vedmeditsya (Kivsh)
Velyka pichka
Bulka (Opovіdannya officer)
Who has my faith
Variant of the story "Devil"
Virte sobi
Zvernennya
War and peace. Book 1
War and peace. Book 2
Volga and Vazuza
Vovk that kobila
Gorobets
Evil son
Sunday
Vihovannya that osvita
Tell me about the trial of the soldier
The hour of the arrivals
Another Russian book for reading
Golovny law
bad guy
Hunger chi is not hunger
Greek teacher Socrates
Two hussars
Two leaves to M Gandi
Two different versions of the history of a voulik with a lubok cover
The girl and the robbers
Decembrists
Students and notebooks (1909)
Fool and lower
Devil
Uncle Zhdanov and Chevalier Chernov
zhak that hare
Life and suffering of the martyr Justin the Philosopher
Zhuravel that leleka
Hares and toads
The law of violence is the law of cohanna
Notes of a Christian
From the command of the Mexican king
Khatinka and palace
The legacy of a dogmatic theologian
Before the Clergy
caucasian polonenium
Cossacks
Like Uncle Semyon, having told about those that the fox had with him
How Russian soldiers die
How to read the gospel and why yoga is the essence
Stones
Chinese people as a Christian
To whom to write to whom, to the peasant lads with us, we have to the peasant lads
Throw that kobila
Cow
Kreutzer Sonata
Kreutzer Sonata (Collection)
Who is right
Kazan
Fox and crane
love one one
matir
Prayer
Wise girl
Misha
Misha polova and misha miska
Nabіg (volunteer's notice)
Nagorod
Do not play with fire - you will get rich (Idiliya)
I can't speak (1st edition)
Don't drive in
Without hitting anyone
Unbelievable
Unbreakable
Inadvertently
Mykola Palkin
About godville
About tolerance
About Gogol
About hunger
About life
About people great and small
About the methods of learning to read and write
About national enlightenment
About science (Vіdpovid selyaninі)
About the census near Moscow
About the advent of Bosnia and Herzegovina to Austria
About the Samara famine
About Shakespeare and about the drama
About the art
The end of the Little Russian legend "Forty Rocks", seen by Kostomarov in 1881
It’s good to earn money, that th sin bovaє in that case (Idiliya)
Appointment of the Holy Synod on February 20-22, 1901
Vidpovіd on the appointment of the Synod on the 20th - 22nd of the fierce and on the removal by me of the good luck of the leaves
Father is blue
Batko Sergiy
Batko Sergiy (options)
Lessons from the article "Inevitable coup"
Lessons from the article "The Kingdom of God is in the midst of you"
Urivki opivdan іz silskogo zhittya
Poluvannya forest captivity (Opovidannya myslivtsya)
Persha Russian book for reading
First step
Listuvannya
Song about the fight on the river Chorniy
Sheet to the revolutionary
To the drive of the victim V. A. Molochnikova
Chodo peace congress
It's time to freak out!
Pislyamov to the book by E I Popov "Life and death of Yevdokim Mikitovich Drozhzhin, 1866-1894"
Pіslyamova to rospovidі Chekhov "Darling"
Why are the Christian peoples inflamed and especially the Russian people are now resting in a difficult camp
Peredmova to "Peasant Opovidan" S T Semenova
Before the works of Guy de Maupassant
Peredmova to the article "Modern Science" by Edward Carpenter
Nearby kіntsya
Progress and vision of enlightenment
Stribok
Way of life
Bjoli and drones
Slavery of our time
Rozmov about science
Rozpovіdі z "New alphabet"
Religion and morality
Mova in the Suspіlstva of amateurs of Russian literature
Rivna spadshina
Sevastopol at the Serpnі 1855 roku (Sevastopol opividnya - 2)
Sevastopol at the breast (Sevastopol reports - 1)
Sevastopol near grass (Sevastopol news - 3)
Sevastopol messages
Family happiness
Tale about Ivan the Fool and Yogo two brothers.
Kazki
Death of Ivan Illich
dog ta yoga tin
Student Rukh 1899 roku
Soromno
So why should we work
Calf on ice
Black grouse and fox
Water flow
Tikhin and Malanya
The third Russian book for reading
Three meals
Three villains
Three bears
Three deaths
Pratsya, death is that ailment
Amazing facts
stubborn kіn
Vchennya of Christ, vikladene for children
Fedotko
Filipok
Hadji Murad
Walk by the light, while it is light
Holstmer (History of a horse)
Christian wedding
Christianity and patriotism
Clockwork
Fourth Russian book for reading
What is mysticism
What is religion and what is the essence of
Jackals and elephant
Shat ta Don
Tse ti
hawk and doves
Kazka
Three bears
Childish prose
Two brothers
Tassel
Fire dogs
- Children about the Zvіryat: Rozpovіdі russian writers
Dramaturgy
living corpse
Infected family
Biographies and Memoirs
Spogadi
schodenniki
Publicism
Decembrists (From unfinished)
Schoolboys and Schoolboy Records (1881-1887)
Dopovіd, prepared for the peace congress near Stockholm
Interview and conversation with Leo Tolstoy
Why is it so necessary?
Publicism
Zabobon power
Religion
Z'ednannya that translation chotirioh Evangelii
- The Kingdom of God is in the midst of you...
Lev Mikolayovich Tolstoy is one of the largest Russian writers and philosophers, and of the greatest writers in the world. Participant in the defense of Sevastopol Enlightener, publicist, religious thinker, whose authoritative thought caused the blame for a new religious and moral trend - Tolstoyanism.
Born in the Krapyvensky county of the Tulsk province, in the recessionary mother of the mother - Yasniy Polyana. Becoming the fourth child of this family. Mother died, if Lev had not yet had 2 births.
A distant relative of T. A. Yergolska took care of children. In 1837, my family moved to Moscow, settling in Plushivtsi, because the elder son needed to be prepared to enter the university. The father died unexpectedly, and the three young children settled again in Yasniya Polyana under the watchful eye of Yergol's and the father's aunt, Countess A. M. Osten-Saken. Here Leo was abandoned until 1840, when Osten-Saken died, the children moved to Kazan, to the father's sister P.I. Yushkov.
Budinok Yushkovyh vvazhavshis one of the most cheerful in Kazan; all the members of this family highly valued the radiant glow. Nairiznomanіtnіshi, as Tolstoy himself pointed out, "myslennia" about the worst food of the buttya added a hint of his character for that hour of life.
Leo followed his brothers after joining the Imperial Kazan University (the most famous for that hour), de pratsyuvali Lobachevsky at the Faculty of Mathematics, and Kovalevsky at Skhidny. In 1844, a student invested in the category of poor literature as a way to pay for his education. For the results of the rock maw failure, not vitrimave transitional sleep and maw re-pass the program of the first course. Shchob to repeat the course, transfer to the Faculty of Law. "... I am the first river ... not timid of anything. On the other river ... having become busy ... there was a professor ... like ... giving me a job - matching the "Instruction" of Catherine with "The Spirit of the Laws" Montesque 'є ... I started drinking less work, I went to the village, becoming a Montesque reader, but reading opened up my inexhaustible horizons; I became a reader of Rousseau and left the university. Tolstoy tried to make a new impression on the villagers. In 1849, roci vins first opened a school for rural children. The main speaker was Foka Demidovich, krіpak, and Lev Mikolayovich himself often spent classes. Vin seriously engaged in English, music, jurisprudence.
In 1851 p. Tolstoy, speaking in Tiflіsі іspit, having joined the cadet to the 4th battery of the 20th artillery brigade, which stood in the Cossack village of Starogladіvskiy on the Terek birch, near Kizlyar. Vіn mav the right to Georgiїvsky cross, however, before his reconciliation, he “gave up” to his comrade in service, in spite of the fact that the lightening of the minds of the service of a comrade in service is worth more than special marnoslavism. From the beginning of the Crimean war, Tolstoy transferred to the Danube army, taking part in the battle of Oltenitsa in the garrison of Silistria, and in 1854-1855 near Sevastopol. For the defense of Sevastopol, Tolstoy was awarded the Order of St. Annie of the 4th degree, medals "For the defense of Sevastopol 1854-1855" and "For the riddle about the war 1853-1856". In 1856, the roci writer left military service in the rank of lieutenant.
At Petersburg, the young writer was pleasantly stalked at the great salons and at the literary groups. However, the merrier life lifted a bitter siege from Tolstoy's soul, and dissension arose from a group of writers close to him. As a result, "the people guarded you, and stumbled upon your own." I in 1857 Tolstoy virushiv near the road. Vіn seeing Nіmechchina, France, England, Switzerland, Italy.
In 1859 p. Tolstoy took part in the organization of the Literary Fund.
At the coming train of yoga, the people's enlightenment was very important. Brother Mikola died of tuberculosis and love. The death of his brother struck Tolstoy with majestic hostility. In 1862, Tolstoy began to see the pedagogical magazine "Yasna Polyana". Nezabar Tolstoy, depriving him of pedagogical work. Friendship, people of good children, plans, connected with the written novel "War and Peace", come in for 10 years. On the cob of the 1870s, he started to compose the ABC and published it in 1872, and then published the New ABC and a series of several Russian books for reading.
