Analysis of the work “Maister and Margarita. History of the text of the novel by M.A.
"Maister and Margarita"
Introduction…………………………………………………………………….3
Chapter 1. Title, epigraph, genre and composition of the novel………………..6
Chapter 2 ……ten
2.1. Modern Moscow World…………………………………..10
2.2. Ancient Yershalaimsky Svіt. Tragedies and Farsi (a model for the lesson)…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2.3. GPU motive – NKVS in M. Bulgakov’s novel………………….17
Chapter 3 Bulgakov "Maister and Margarita"………20
Chapter 4 Bulgakov in life and in the novel……………………………………………………………………………….…21
Chapter 5 Bulgakov “Maister and Margarita”…………………………………………………………….…..22
5.1. “Manuscripts do not burn…”…………………………………………..25
Chapter 6
Conclusion………………………………………………………………... 32
Literature…………………………………………………………………….33
Addendum………………………………………………………………...35
Entry
Speak in the New - and with thunder
Don't split the sky...
Only light from a sinful house
Possibly, go ahead
I hardly remember you:
All turbos are bullshit.
We have already been greeted more than once
I was ashamed to believe in Christ.
Ale marvel Vіn from far ї given,
All manifestations and all in blood
Children, children of my sorrow,
Children, children My kokhannya.
Nadia Pavlovich
"Our children"
Bulgakov's novel "Maister and Margarita" repeatedly inspire with the knowledge and highly qualified readers, acknowledging and confusing, and rejoicing, which pronounce the keys to the understanding, which will inevitably be doomed to be a meta-deception of yoga meaning. However, considering the long-standing insights and guilt and having long accepted the novel as a generator of ideas and interpretations, one cannot fail to notice one fact: some of the mysteries of the novel were created by the writers themselves. Some could not or did not want to distort their concepts to “common readings”, others choked on a “harmonious” hypothesis and entered into superficiality with the text, and those who wrote their works for an hour simply did not reduce the early editions of the novel. At the same time about those, the novel is supernaturally chuynny different literary versions, and the whole setting, zbegachuyu our priynyattya, turns around at the same time with the songful, unsafe old svіdnitskogo svіdnіl, like a svіdomy, and mimovіlny. This book is a great feuilleton, in which there is no positive hero, (and in which it is similar to The Inspector General). You don’t need to idealize anyone - neither Ієshua, nor Maistra, nor Margarita, nor Professor Ponirev. Not in that sense, which is not ideal from the glance of the reader. More important are those that Bulgakov himself did not bring to these characters.
Mikhailo Panasovich Bulgakov himself, a sick man, ale and a happy lot. The writer of the fire and blood of the revolution and the Gromadyansky war, having survived the accident of the world, to which he had lain with the people, suffered and had mercy, lost heart and tried to reconcile with the new government. Vmirayuchi among the sufferers, asking them to save the novel with the words “Let me know!” Bulgakov said. How about you know? Isn't it better to perekonatisya in the lack of enlightenment and the stupidity of life?
Even more, we sing it to the novel by a believing Orthodox person, as if we read the work of sin, even if the head hero of the novel is Satan.
To comprehend the philosophical and religious ideas of M. Bulgakov's novel "Maister and Margarita" we can get the deacon Andriy Kuraev to work. Vіn is indeed relativly that thoroughly twisted novel, proponing us with her glance at the whole book. Having written the practice, what should be done by the religious people.
Similar advice can be found in the articles of Archpriest, Church Historian Lev Lebediev and Vikladach of the Moscow Theological Academy Mikhail Dunayev. At the borders of the Orthodox, I will look at the religious and ethical zmist create, yogo moral infusion on the reader.
Scientific criticism is another aspect of the novel: its structure, genealogy, "ciphers", although here it is more often that the quality of that step is squandered on the reader. The novel after its publication in 1966-1967. having gained such popularity, we are before those who know the richness of their readers in the Holy Letter and name it with a broader name “The Bible of the Sixties”. The universal principle of Bulgakov's encouragement from the Evangelical texts is that the writer constantly takes the duality: the Gospels are instantly consonant and confirmed.
And from Bulgakov's spiritual relatives - the church intelligentsia - could read his novel like a Christian TV. Varto also respect that the Orthodox Hanna Akhmatova, having heard the words of the author of "Maistra and Margarita", did not interrupt her conversation with Bulgakov. What's more, Faina Ranevsky won't say that it's brilliant, it's a genius! The reaction of the great literary scholar Mikhail Bakhtin was positive. The stinks knew that evil was worse than that old, lower, radiant power.
Bulgakov's book is present in the high culture of Russia, in the general language school program. If you know the history of the novel, then the people through the torment, try out more folding practice. Wait for food: who is Yeshua? І chi vzagalі kokhannya tse? Not everything is so clear.
I respect that for the need to convey to the students the spiritual idea of the novel, the foundations on the previously artistic creativity in the context of Christian culture.
Tsіl - Pbring out the ideas of the writer; remember and comprehend the roll call of the linear novel. Give them the right thought to teach them, to help them read and analyze literature, and to understand life.
The realization of the goal of the met called for the necessity of staging and the culmination of the offensivezavdan :
Razpovisti about the meaning of the novel, yogo share; show the particularity of the genre and composition;
Learn the moral lessons of Bulgakov, the main values, as the writer says;
The manifestation of Christian warehouse in Russian literature; learn to know good people, not to mention the filthy;
the influence of the traditional (Christian) roots on the creativity of M. Bulgakov;
Carrying out a relative analysis of the works of Russian classical writers.
Chapter 1. Title, epigraph, genre and composition of the novel.
Apparently, scho called the artistic text (like an epigrapher) one of the hundredth elements in the composition with its own poetics. The name is what I create. “Maister and Margarita” will tell us about the well-known in world literature “Romeo and Juliet”, “Tristani and Izolde”, “Daphnis and Chloe” and a new reading on the love theme of the shown heroes. Being an equivalent to the text, I declare to name the main themes and that їхнє tragic virіshennya. Prote yakscho think about it in the sense of the name, it's better to talk about creativity. In Old Russia, a man was called a maistrom, a yak reached high art at your right, crafts. At the same time, the masters were small in their names: Danilo - master, Lovsha. Bulgakov's master is unimaginable. Only a little more sensitively (and knowledge of global philosophical tendencies) could save the author from voicing the hero’s personal name and slander him with a riddle:meister . The very idea of intransigence, the all-powerful strength of masterness, and the singularity of masterness of the word, is one of the fundamental ideas of the novel "Maister and Margarita".
Andriy Kuraev at his article "Maister and Margarita": for Christ, why are you against it? write what the wordmeister it is necessary to read it in Hebrew. European language won't have the meaning of "shut down". At Bulgakov Meister - change of name, guide of name. It is not necessary for me, if the life of a person (character) is reduced to one, the most important function. People differ in their function. And in the course of Bulgakov's explanation, Meister differs in the novel written by him, and in his own fallow land near Woland.
The novel is conceived as a "novel about the devil" - about tse to tell and transfer the names of black women ("Black magician", "Consultant with a hoard", "Grand Chancellor", "From I am").<фраза, с которой в опере предстает перед Фаустом Мефистофель>, "Kapelyukh with a pen", "Black theologian", "Pidkova foreigner", "Copy of the consultant", "Voland's Gospel", "Prince of Drinks" and others). About this writer, having mentioned it to the sheet on the 28th of March 1930: “I especially, with my own hands, throwing a novel about the devil at the rude black…” ) Ilf and Petrov) and fantastically ended with a change in the author's radical strategy and semantic perspectives of the novel. The rest was signified to change the name of the work, as in the residual version it brought to the first plan of two characters - Margarita and the nameless kokhan, who at the stage of the day I thought of creating and what Bulgakov had in 1931.
All the same, the name could not represent the whole idea of the novel.Bulgakov's mission to collapse in Russia's religion - as a whole layer of cultural, spiritual, moral life , sponukalo yogo transfer the epigraph to the text, which declares one more theme to the novel of good and evil.
Yak epigraph Bulgakov, choosing the wordsfrom the immortal creation of Goethe. "Who are you?" - Ask Faust. І Mephistopheles vіdpovіdaє: “Part of the power of tієї, scho without numberdo good, for all evil."
І tsey vibіr is hardly vipadkovy: philosophic penetrationMikhail Opanasovich Bulgakov was praised at the butt's taєmnitsano less than the great author of Faust. Bishop z Gete - direct reference to the philosophical problems of the text of the worldly culture. Before "Faust" go and the image of one of the main characters of the novel - Woland (in Goethe - Mephistopheles) as the forces of evil to do good. Mephistopheles, with his cunning and steps, led Faust to the earthly peace of mind and the understanding of the innermost meanings of butt. Bulgakov's Woland condoned the traditional look of the Prince of Temryavi, a kind of evil of evil, and acts as an act of payment for "specific evil", so acts of payment, creating in such a manner the moral law of the earthly butty.
The theme, declared by the epigrapher, is exhibited by the text through the motivated structure of the Moscow plot.
The benevolent side of Woland's act prompted his colleagues to speak about Bulgakov's dualism and the gnostic root of his novel, in which the devil's powers are not equal to God's.
Zbіgіv z "Faustom" next mark the hour of the day: the story of Ієshua is timed to coincide with the Great Day, for Bulgakov's principle parallelism, the Moscow plot develops in the pre-evening day like Yershalaїmsky. Until Goethe can be zvedenі im'ya main heroine novel - Margarita, - and vkazіvku those who, in their unearthly role, the master can become a "new" Faust, then.
Tsіkavo, scho, like Bulgakov's zavzhd, the epigrapher parodied the text: “Who is such a wine? - Wake up, shaking your fists, energizing Ivan. For the Christian mind, it is not Satan to do good, but God, for the sake of the human soul, allows the devil to work on a person (and then only to the song of the world) and he himself destroys all steps to goodness. Since then, the reader is a Christian, to what extent Bulgakov’s novel has been brutalized, having scribbled the “visiting card” (epigraph), I immediately see the trick ... rozumiyuchi, that it’s possible to go in the name of Mephistopheles, then in this movie you can’t read the truth.
The novel can be called pobutovym (inspired by the paintings of Moscow pobutu twenty-thirty years) and fantastic, philosophical, autobiographical, love-lyric, and satirical. Roman rich genre and bagato plan. Everything is tightly intertwined, like life.
The composition of the novel "Maister and Margarita" is inspired by Bulgakov's decisions to inspire his own creation as "text within text", "novel within novel". Tsyu formula sled razumiti like pobudovu creat z kіlkoh autonomous parts, endowed with their own different artistic codes. The composition “text by text” was chosen by Bulgakov in order to reinforce the repetition of the most important and most intractable under the history: the condemnation of an innocent person, the assignment of the right to choose her life, the death of any kind of kayattya in the future, and the thought of a burden. Two storylines the novel - Moscow and Yorshalaїmska - vibudovuє as parallel, unfailingly the last ones see bets, triads and navit zoshiti heroes.
Otzhe, "Maister and Margarita" - a sublime novel. Having offended the “romani otstavlennі” one to one, and the appearance of the head of the fiendish individual to the novel by Maistre about Pontius Pilate - Joshua - it is impossible for the novel about Maistra, to the one who tells us about the hour of the writer himself, the epoch, the symbol of which is Woland - Satan. Well, in real life, it could be less visible, more private. Otherwise, the foundation of yoga became impossible. That is why Meister and Margarita, the instillation of goodness in the novel about Maistra, and the embarrassment of entering into an “alliance” with Woland, to compromise with conscience, lies, to save love and the truth about Christ that Maistra saw. Tse explain the duality of the characters. Holiness and goodness will unite in their images with evil, bullshit, and hell. So, Margarita speaks not only like a witch, but the power rout of Latunsky’s critic near the apartment: she goes wild, crying, folk legends powerfully chi saints, chi most pure Divine. Mayster, on the same time, is in his novel about Pontіya Pilat Xіd Schuny, they were in the rytshala “chitirnadnaya number of spring misyatsu” 125, є, irrefusively, skeletal Talanovita, angry. The only student of Maistra, Ivan Bezdomny sings, throws writing verses for the joy of the teacher, but all the same, those who trapilosa with him, then we take in less heavy Navaga, ailment.
Good - as it means A. Kuraev, - is the first and self-sufficient. From an ontological point of view, I can rely on God, and not on Satan. From the gnosiological point of view, I’ll look at goodness with sufficient power of conflict for human conscience, so as not to require additional help and recommendations of evil.
The goodness of the novel about Maistra is not absolute, but real. Otherwise, evil is depicted in him: it is presented as real, born by a sovereign mode, and supranatural, biblical. Woland and yoga are honored on the sides of the novel as a method of vikriti real evil. Bulgakov endowed them with the functions of judges, in order to make public life, the literary atmosphere and show the power of power.
In this rank, epigrapher, the genre and composition of the novel - confirm the thesis: the main idea of the novel is the most recognized recognition of the art, called to affirm good and resist evil. With his novel, M. Bulgakov affirms the priority of simple human feelings over any social hierarchy. The writer believes that only by spiraling on the life of these humanistic people to understand that people can create a just and fair welfare. In order for a person to become a specialty, that istota, to take the lead to the moral law, it is necessary to develop a good ear in oneself and strangle evil. And everything here is laid out like the people themselves. Good and evil in M. Bulgakov are created by human hands, and not by God or the devil.
Partitioned 2. The problem of people in the novel "Maister and Margarita" and the offensiveness in the works of Russian classical writers.
2.1. Modern Moscow world.
"Maister and Margarita" has a deep faith in an indestructible vdachano law. Problems that have been destroyed by creation are revealed inall the bliss of the author's craftsmanship. The stench is present in the descriptionskin from the central characters.
What lies at the heart of human behavior - a lot of circumstances, low attitudes, we will choose to follow ideals, ideas? Who cares about human life?
Returning to the sub-heads of Moscow, let's think about the existence of the super-girl of the marvelous foreigner with the children of MASSOLIT at the Patriarchal headquarters. Muscovites do not believe in marvels, resembling the vulgarly habitual world of life, Berlioz's shards "to the extraordinary surroundings ... do not sound", the real reason of Christ is not to believe. Woland, contemptuously standing up to the possibilities of people, does not block the divine cob and the predeterminedness of human zusil, he marvels: “... if there is no God, then eat, who governs human life and all the order on earth?”. What is the author of the novel on whose feet are superechts? Looking around at Moscow, straightened out by Woland and his post, we are reconsidered in the rightness of the magician, the uselessness of the Moscow people, lago on drib'yazkovі values and do not believe in God or in the devil.
The Light of Moscow Bulgakov is small as unruliness, unpredictable to tragic landslides. The static character of the Moscow stake brought Bulgakov to the Gogol style. Creating a screenplay with " Dead souls”, Bulgakov constantly dynamizes and expands the framework of Gogol’s opus. The identity of Muscovites is straightened out by a less formal furnishing and comically evokes a "fantastic" suspense of the real. The transfer of Likhodiev to Yalta marvels his comrades in the service: “That’s funny to say! Rimsky yelled shrilly. - rozmovlyav chi not rozmovlyav, but not at Yalta at the same time! That's funny!
Vin p'yany ... - saying Varenukha.
Who's drunk? - having drunk Rimsky, and again resentment marveled one on one.
The Gogolovsky style of the Tsomo dialzi obvious, I win non -hiking, the Bulgakov’s ilgami is not a nonsense, Yaki Nydomikh STOSTIN: “For the gynica, he’s dial -to -diyatye. . , and vіn nothing zmіg vymoviti, krіm mundane and before that absolutely stupid phrase: “What can not be!”. How do I guess Korobochka's reaction to Chichikov's propositions. Gogol's style in the Moscow distributions of "Maistry and Margarity" is inevitable, but the system of repeating certain situations of biblical distributions creates the effect of reduction. For example, the suffering of the Steppe Likhodiev in the sommu division “Bad apartment” despoiled Pilat, but in the description of them it was not spirituality that appeared, but a creature.
The vanity and sordidness of the zhebrakiv's suspense at the ninth division of "Cow's fire" is described in Gogol's tones. Another alogism (a list of logical ideas as a way to reach the truth) “claims for the living space of the late Berlioz predicts the scenes of the Inspector and Dead Souls.”
At the Moscow chapters, the fretlessly frantically noisy tempo of buffoonery is going on. So, de vіdsutnє vіdsutnє vіdshnє zhittya lyudiny, kipіnnya fuss becomes chaotic. The hapal instinct of philistinism, the materialism of the Moscow public was criticized by M. Bulgakov for the help of Gogol's method of hyperbole, which is reduced.
The entire scene at the var'єte is a reduced variation of Mephistopheles' aria from Ch. Gounod's opera "Faust" ("Satan rules the ball there, people die for metal..."). So Bulgakov replaces the poetic bacchanalia of the Hun, giving an ugly lihomania of vulgarity.
The eccentricity of Bulgakov's satire prompts you to guess that Gogol's tradition came to him through Saltikov - Shchedrin and Chekhov. This is especially noteworthy in the seventeenth division, de Moscow is infected with a scandal and pragnet to the new, as if it were a lifeless life. Following the tragic requiem of the sixteenth division, the whole alegro is especially comical. The drama that is seen in Moscow is taken as a beda, as if we were calmly laughing at Chekhov's "Death of an official". In front of us are not people, but factory lyalki, which can win over the assigned party, but orient themselves at the bottom, assimilate them not to the building. Lyalkovіst, non-humanity is remembered in such characters as Sempleyariv, Meigel, yak and rich others.
The ideology of the novel is vague, and її you don’t get it ...
The co-workers drank from Bulgakov's novel, nasampered, evil parody of radian society and encouraged us to spit on Bulgakov Griboyedov, Gogol and Dostoyevsky. Bulgakov's novels have no particular features, specific prototypes of some of them, which are evidently stated by B. Sokolov in "Bulgakov's Encyclopedia" . Zrozumilo, for all the characteristics of such features, like Berlioz and Bengalsky, the skin shows a type. However, the eternal tipi (Ієshua, Pilat, Woland), who break the confusion for an hour, carry Pushkin's infusion. Gogol's tradition, madly, is present in "Maister and Margaret" and appears in the motif of inversions. Get rid of Behemoth and the transformation of the "lower sack" Mikoli Ivanovich into a boar. Bulgakov is really close to Gogol in terms of paganism. In the novels of communism, Moscow is presented as a short step back from Christianity, turning to the cult of speeches and bisiv, spirits and mayor. (Sokoliv 1998) Nowhere is it possible to smear a firm butt, nowhere is it possible to smear the human face. This primariness was born out of deceitfulness.
The vices are presented as a creation of human nature, but they are not the basis of life. And it’s not tight, it’s not roaring, but smіh, that evil is raging - the result of Bulgakov’s picture of Moscow doesn’t confirm Ha-Notsri’s firmness, that there are no evil people in the world. Characters from Moscow life know nothing about good and evil, they themselves have no room for ethical assessment of themselves and life. The Light of Moscow according to Bulgakov is not absolutely mechanical and dead, like Dead souls”, de the picture of the provincial town was confirmed by “I will tell about the captain Kopeykin”.
How can life be zіtkane z vipadkovosti, chi can vouch for the future, vodpovidat for others? What are the immutable moral criteria?
2.2. Ancient Yershalaimsky svіt. Tragedy and Farsi (a model for the lesson).
"Evangelsk" chapters are a kind of ideological center of the novel. Wanting Bulgakov to distance himself from the canonical Gospels and the behavior of yogo and Ієshua, it’s even farther away from the mind of Jesus Christ, with respectful reading, it becomes commemorative that the text of the novel is permeated with New Testament realities.
Meta: show the role of Yershalaim chapters in the structure of the novel. The stench is not so big for a big place. However, the very heads of that individual appear as a measure of what is seen in Moscow and Woland himself. Why is wine less than evidence, and not a participant in the Podіy Yershalaїmsky chapters? Tse nutrition leads to the creation of a problematic situation, which concentrates on a dilemma: “Which is all-powerful evil?”.
The students based on the materials of the Moscow chapters could develop an animosity that evil could be more powerful than good. The vulgarity of the dwellers, the significant mischief of Woland’s mail, the ease with which the “black magician” opens up and deals with him, the misfortune of Maistra, Margarita, Ivan the Homeless, like people in whom the soul is still alive - all to talk about the master of evil. Bulgakov does not allow the reading of visnovki, emerging from one layer of life, one historical emotional situation. The author of the novel zіshtovkhuє suchasnі and bіblіyni scenes, mittєvіst і vіchnіst, tragedies and Farsi, anecdote and myth. At this crossroads of contrasts, other visnovkas appear.
The lessons in the analysis of the chapters (for example, the death of Berlioz and the death of Judy) are changed from the author's mark to the bottom. The biblical stories are characterized as a high tragedy, de everything is famous, de to inspire poetry in the dark. The Moscow world, the cream of Maistra, Margarita, Ivan, vulgar, soulless and more than a farce.
Learning the answers to the central question of the lesson: "What is the all-powerful evil?"
Persha group Pratsyuє over the material, pov'yazanim іz Pontієm Pilatom.
1. Why does Pilate want to lie to Yeshua and waste yoga?
2. How did Pilate change after the strata of Yeshua? Why did yogo kayatta look like?
3. How does a thunderstorm change the life of Pilate and Maistra?
Druga group obmirkovuє share of Yudi z Kiriaf.
How does the Evangelion motivate Juda's health and how is it explained in Bulgakov's novel?
Why is Aphranius right when you say that Judas should not be addicted to pennies? Why did Aphranius come to see the Pilate in the right place around the beaten-in Judy?
Relive the scene of the arrival of Andriy before the Polish woman and that death in "Taras Bulba" іz zustrіchchyu Іudi ta yogo death, the rest of the life of Іudi ta don Guan (Pushkin "Kam'yany gіst").
Does Bulgakov give his hero a similarity to the “faces of the kohanny” in the works of Pushkin and Gogol?
Third group rozmirkovu over food, tied with the images of Yeshua and Levi Matviy.
Why did Joshua move to drink a drink before his death, for a moment to relieve suffering, and saying, “among the human waters, one of the worst wines brings fear”?
Navischo Bulgakov gives to the stratum of the eyes of Levi Matviy?
Why does the Left curse God and be inspired by the blessing of Pilate?
Why does Yeshua call no one at his death, and why is the Pilat among the world of spirits?
Match the death scenes of Yeshua and Maistre (chapters 16, 25, 30). Why is it important to suffer and to people?
If the group is ready for replies, the visnovki are discussed with the whole class and the teacher makes his own additions.
Another part of the novel, "Pontius Pilate", explores the time of everyday life and transfers the reader to the expanses of eternity. Here Pushkin's idea of a tragedy about Christ comes to life. In the expanse of eternity, the same painful food about the life of a person is brewing. At the duel of conscience and fear of a huge thought, which goes into the soul of the procurator, the justice of the words of Yeshua is revealed. Pilatus, bringing the pain to the state of a zatskovannoy creature, at a rozmovi z a ragamuffin, you can’t comprehend the building, then you see the omnipotent significance of what you see, and it’s prejudicedly slandering Jesus in the strata. This test was suggested not only because Yeshua grants you relief from physical suffering, but I confess that I stumbled. The presence of Ga-Notsri vimagaє in the form of the procurator of bezkorislivostі, justice, vіdmovi vіd zvichnyh yavlenya that dіy. You can only betray Yeshua by being afraid of yourself. Behavior and self-feeling, according to Bulgakov, to lie down right in front of a good cob of people. The prisoner dares to speak not about the special weakness of the procurator, but about the pardon of the current system: “be it power and violence against people, and ... the hour will come, if there is no power, no Caesars, no be-such power. People will move into the realm of truth and justice, where no power will be needed.” The procurator ordered to untie Ha-Notsri and himself confirmed the thought of Yeshua: "There are no evil people in the world."
With all the importance of the situation, the duel between Joshua and Pilat, this super girl about good and evil predicts Pushkin's tragedy "Mozart and Salieri". Confidence of Mozart, this music is feared by Salieri, like the Pilate, the breadth of Joshua is fearless. Mozart's faith in those that "genius and recklessness - two words of insanity" are similar to Ha-Notsra's mourning about good people. Pilat also attracts, binds to Ієshua, like Salieri to Mozart. І not visible marvelous kokhannya, and as the cry of them change, and Pilate, and Salieri lie on the stratum of the high, so that they don’t drink the rubbish themselves, but, killing good, take care of peace. The tragedy about Christ was conceived by Pushkin and written by Bulgakov.
Tsіkavo zіstaviti vysvіtlennya Yershalaїmsky and Moscow chapters.
At the third, the inconsistency of the Moscow world was shared by Bulgakov on the presence of the month, “not yet golden, but white.” At Yershalaimi, the sun was bright, in the sight of which Pilate’s brain “lit up”. The crazy fire of the sun and the light of the month make life easier and clearer. The light of the month is deceptive, which Pushkin wrote in "Yevgeniy Onyagini". “Sumna” and “nathnenna” “the goddess of mystery and zitkhan of the lower ones” becomes a natural companion of the mriyniks, which gives rise to illusions: Tetyani and Lensky. For the "cold" Onegin, there is only a "bad month". It is characteristic that after seeing Onegin's booth, that protverezinnya month of Auntie no longer shines. At the end of the fourth division of the novel "Evgeny Onegin" it starts to change, but there's no way around, like Pushkin's novel, about high pardons for sentimentalism and romanticism Pushkin's world of obіyshov in Moscow chapters. "The hoarse roar of the polonaise from the opera "Eugene Onegin"" and "the omnipresent orchestra, accompanied by an important bass singing about his love to Auntie", demonstrate the remoteness of Pushkin's heroes, which resembles passions. Shaking, as if recognizing Bezdomny, babbling, as Woland's forecasts are correct, ready to change on the vulgar re-examined shahrai, as if, perhaps, forcing death. Zovni tse revisiting Woland with the method of yoga vikrittya. Ale in Homeless is an incredible attempt to see the truth in use. For this reason, the motive of light is so important for whom it was divided. The homeless begin to see, and the moon becomes golden. The Ale of Moscow was not accessible to any bright light: "One month's breeze, seeping through the rain-covered windows, which are not rubbed with rocks, sparingly illuminating that kut, where an icon was hung in a saw and in a cobweb, ...". Likewise, Homeless wants to “break through” the crisis of the “web” of the Moscow suspense, overcome evil, but alone, you shouldn’t go into it. That chi moment vіn tse robiti? As Andriy Kuraev writes: I’m sorry, Bezdomny, unfortunately, becoming my official colleague, that’s the fault of a philosopher, not a historian. For that reason, for those 7 years, as if they had passed through the years at the Patriarchal rates to the epilogue, from an unwritten worker's correspondent, who did not know anything about Kant, nor about Filon Oleksandriysky, it is impossible to become a professor of history for such a regime. The reader shows signs that Ivan is a scholar, who is not equal to the reader, having taken the blessing of the master for the continuation of the novel about Pilat, but the blessings of a distant spiritual mentor, Ivan Mikolayovich Ponirev behave like a person, like a truth only revealed. What is sufficient, for the "profane" world, but not enough for the path to immortality.
Bulgakov saying: “The Radianian way is kind, ale bad, like people with a good character, ale unreasonable ...” . Yogo has an image of a "fool" approaching, without the current look, before people's understanding Ivan the Fool, who will show his true mind.
At the "Maister and Margarita" life is caught in the її "fatal mourning". Light is given in the duel of goodness and zhorstokostі, breadth and grace, trembling and baiduzhost. This duel goes to the division of the novel written by the master, the one to the real life of Moscow. Pushkin's dramatism is the head of the maistre's novel. Bulgakov's novel is rich in people, but in the new є typological similarity of the situations and characters of the Yershalaїm and Moscow stakes, about which the successors repeatedly wrote. These projections of particularity and subdivision only reinforce the contrast of the ruined restlessness of the radian suspense and the grandeur of the biblical scenes. The decrease in equalities, the reduction of human conflicts is more obvious to the reader. Bulgakov's novel will be like a future comedy and tragedy. The subtle irony of the Yershalaїmsky stake is transformed into a farce in Moscow chapters, wanting the story of the master, Margarita, Ivan Bezdomny to take on the drama of people's struggle against evil and the tension of a folding psychological life. Naturally, the Yorshalaimskie chapters were assigned to the gentry of the Pushkin style. Describing in another part of the novel the cunning gossip of Pilate in roses with the Jewish High Priest Kaifa, Bulgakov ironically over the great mysticism of the procurator's navmis, like a tragic insight: ""Immortality ... immortality has come ..." What immortality? What the procurator did not understand, but the thought about this mysterious immortality made him feel cold in the sun. Causing a thunderstorm in Yershalaїmi and Moscow, we note that the natural elements are not subject to historical and social transformations. І in biblical, і in current scenes, a thunderstorm calls out fear in unrighteous people, it is ryativna for those who have a living soul. The storm in Yershalaїmi is like a cleansing element: Everything has become darker. The gloom flooded the pivneba already, pragnuchi to Yershalaim, there were seething gloom, they rushed in front of the black water and the fire of the gloom ”(chapter 16). The storm and in the 25th chapter of the novel are painted as a fight against the darkness that light. The roar of catastrophe accompanies the thunderstorm, which rises up like the moon of nature, calling for the death of Yeshua. Goodness in Yeshua is not overcome by the pains of life.
The meister in the world is not so pokirno, like Yeshua: “The duster ... - suddenly shout Meister. If you want to go down to the table to hit Azazello, then Yogo’s hand shamelessly scraped off the tablecloths, everything that had made Meistr feel in the basement turned into a black color and was gone.” And again, a thunderstorm, like a symbolic wickedness, and a natural protest against the birds, like a clearing storm that brought rebirth.
Axis Meister and Margarita have already been lifted to another life and fly over Moscow. The catastrophe of a thunderstorm at Bulgakov led to the rebirth of life, the darkness changed the light.
“The storm was taken away without a trace, and, arching across all of Moscow, stood in the sky with a colorful oar, drinking water from the Moscow River.” Bulgakov is a poet here. Tse spirituality vіri. The writer, writing a novel about the rarity of faith in a good ear of life, do not be afraid to let Pushkin's world overcome the light by law. If Pilat calls Aphranius, to avenge Juda for evil, “the sun turned to Yershalaїmu… The fountain came alive…, the pigeons climbed onto the sand…”.
Pushkin's and Gogol's styles are found in Bulgakov's works, and so on, if one hears about the death of Judy from Keriaf. Aphranius, who represents Juda to the Pilate, as a person, who has one passion - pennies, he himself knows what is not so. Vin knows that Yuda loves Nizu, and she herself її work as a helper of vbivostvo. Aphranian knows that you will need pennies for the victors of this world. Prote Aphranius to spare Pilate and to show evil to Yudi with love.
Author podkreslyuє tsey zv'yazyok. Like Pushkin's Guan at the "Kam'yany gosti" before his death, he sings the name of Ganny chi with regret about the unfortunate kohanny, chi from the dokoro share, as if you take away life itself, if Guan is right to love, so Bulgakov mayzhe with these intonations zmushu Іdu whisper im'ya Nizi. Love is up to her, and not addicted to pennies cheru him. Pennies of the wines are ready to help the victors for saving their lives. I Bulgakov describes the jokes of Yuda Nizi, like Andriy’s path to the Pole in “Taras Bulbi”, and with a great part I draw the body of the dead Judy, which conjures up the image of Andriy killed by the father: ".
But how can only Yorshalaim's chapters of the novel stverdzhuyut, what good can not be seen in the world? Finishing this lesson, let's go to choose one of the home tasks.
Why did Ivan Bezdomny change from a talentless poet into a master's teacher? What is the price of yoga insight?
Yakі pardons chi wickedness and what did Margarita do in the name? Why does the heroine of Bulgakov look like Margarita "Faust" Goethe?
Chi fair virok Leviy Matviy maister: "Vin not deserving light, vіn deserving peace." Chi vikonano tsey virok?
Why did Woland know about failure with his mail?
Chi changed Moscow with the entrance of Woland gri procurator
2.3. The motive of the GPU - NKVS in the novel by M. Bulgakov
In the world, the spread of the novel for the reader becomes obvious in Moscow, the Bulgakov organization (prototype of the GPU), the power of which is expanding throughout the capital. Bulgakov changed the regulations of what is permitted and the rules of grey, proponated to the artist in a totalitarian state. The GPU is depicted as a shadow “without a name and a name”, as it is arranged in a sovereign structure (NKVS). Installing vvazha for the best put on the mask, її the name is replaced by the signs “call the phone there”, “їм”, “appear “where to go” or to the zamovchuvannya. Without a trace.
The lexicon is drawn into a verbal masquerade: the word "arrest" is underlined by the phrase "I'm on your right," "on a hvilinka," or "you need to sign."
Representatives of the secret office at Bulgakov's are people of an unknown profession and they have a wide range of names.
For all “non-manifestations”, the office is considered to be over-the-top recognition. The skin is ready to believe, that it is otted with vukhs, that they smell, that there might be some kind of rock "there" in the house. Navit for an hour to go to the Sabbath Mykola Ivanovich, having felt Natasha’s phrase: “Take it to the encore with your papers!”
About the activity of the GPU, it goes like this: “to explain it quickly”, “everyone explained it”, “everything was deciphered”, “everything was cleared up, and even more quickly”. However, the functions of the unnamed organization are not limited by innocent explanations: there is power over people's lives. The same with the description of її dіy pov'yazanі in the novel, the motives of arrest, obshuk, exile, fear, denunciations, aggravation. The camp of people who live in the described world is twofold. They have a grown-up innocence, which cannot be trusted to inspire loved ones, for be it possible to get some help from the taєmnim domstvom. For example, Margaret's admission, that "Natasha was bought."
The epoch gave rise to thousands of informants, who sang their revolutionary shackles. In the life of Bulgakov, the firmness and valor of a whistleblower was born: 1937 Stalin ordered to erect a monument to Pavlik Morozov.
Bulgakov's informer is a mass figure and at the same time foldable. The topic of denunciation is represented by the history of Yudya, the bajans of the "vikrity of the villains" Varenukha, the uselessness of Aloysius Mogarich, the community behavior of Ivan Bezdomny, who may have arrested the "consultant".
The second layer, tied to the organization, is arrest, violence and the theme of violence against the specialty and freedom of will, which stands behind them, like a “high-road gift”, with which a person is rewarded. Їy nadanі raznі forms - vіd report descriptions obshuku and arrest until the direct name of the mission of urging: "Take b th Kant that to Solovki!".
Bulgakov presents the different activities of the GPU in a parodic aspect. A masquerade of detectives who guard the apartment under the watchful eyes of plumbers; їх sluzhennya (vіdmichki, black mauseri, thin shovkovі nets, ampoules with chloroform). "Good" the operation was prepared to end with the latest infringement of the GPU under the significant remarks of the cat.
Interest in persons, yakі zdіysnyuyut power on high surfaces, - characteristic of rice Bulgakov, about how the students of the writer know that they saved themselves, and are numerically attached and clearly inspired in yoga creativity.
The novel has no names, the name of Stalin is taboo. Win guess at the sight of Woland, the one at the toast of Pontius Pilat - “for you, Caesar, father of the Romans, dearest and best of people!” Bulgakov's generation went through fear. Bulgakov himself saw that fear is the most important sign of a totalitarian regime, that it conveys the emotion of life in unacceptable special minds.
Bulgakov svіdomo, for an hour defiantly reinforces autobiography to the image of Maistra. The situation is tskuvannya, outside the view of the literary one suspіlnogo life Bulgakov himself, and his hero, experienced all of these things, the independence of the cause for the arrest, the permanent recognition of the arrest, the statti-denunciations, the independence and self-confidence of the kohan woman.
Bagato suffered and kohan Maistra; the axis and їy tezh was given an easy and quick death ("raptov zblidla, hobbled over the heart and ... fell into a lie") - quick death, that quick, calm order from a dear person. This is the finale of the novel, yet seven more years before its completion, Bulgakov wrote Olena Sergievna, his own Margaret, on a copy of the book "The Devil": "... this is my last policy."
The year of life has passed away, the year of death has begun.
Three copies of the writers violated to the crematorium, zustrich іz yakim vіn tezh і svoіrdno, аle transferring in one of the leaves. “The stove has long been my favorite editorial staff. I deserve to be won for those who won, they don’t reject anything, but I’m more willing to swear and get receipts, and start leaves, and navit, about slander, slander, virshi.
Now she's gone yogo.
The share of Maistra-Bulgakov is natural. In the country of "overcoming socialism" there is no space for freedom of creativity, there are only planned "social developments". The master has no place in this world - not like a writer, not like a thinker, not like a person.
With all its zhorstokom realism and bursting through with deep sadness, the book is light and poetic; vyslovlenі in nіy vіra, love and nadіy zdatnі rozvіyati be-like dark. Bulgakov write about the spiritual life of the Russian people. The people here are not belittled, not trampled by the forces of evil, and on the days of the totalitarian era, they learned how to stand, learned and accepted the hard pedagogy of life. Obviously, this book is a farewell to life and people, a requisition to myself, and the author has not been separated from it for so long. Ale and Bulgakov's sum of light and people. Lyudina - a spiritual value - the axis of the smut and ryativne of the Russian Christianity in the XX century.
Dostoyevsky said that the idea and meta of a high humanistic art, Russian classics - "reinvention of a degenerate person." Tse Head topic novel "Master and Margarita". A record of Bulgakov's most famous thought was saved: “We are guilty of estimating a person in all the sukupnosti її іstoti, a person like a person, to instill like a sin, unsympathetic, embittered or wise. It is necessary to shuffle the heart, the best heart of the human in this people. Adje tse, in fact, the great commandment of Dostoevsky, all Russian classical literature from Pushkin to Chekhov - "with realism to know people among people." Help the gyna, stare, ruine people, revive yoga to a new life.
Mikhailo Bulgakov forever obey this order.
Chapter 3 Bulgakov "Maister and Margarita".
What is Bulgakov's great theme? The Moscow Orthodox Great Day is nowhere near the novel. Ale podії lead to her.
If Woland leaves Moscow, the writer determines that there were Christian churches in this place: from Sparrow's Mountains, unclean beasts from bottom to bottom marvel at Moscow and "on the gingerbread tower of a girl's monastery" (ch. 31).
In the novel, it is constantly voiced that Moscow is flooded with light spring weather, repeatedly wondering about the grass. The first day of the novel unfolds in the open air from mid to week - the formula of the Orthodox Great Day. In the epilosis, the whole crowd directly leans on the target: “Shoroku, the holy month is coming soon ...”.
The novel originates from the Great Seredovishcha: the atheist Sanhedrin (Berlioz and Bezdomny) is victorious, as if to defeat Christ once more. At Strasna’s middle, a squad waving myrrh (storage of olives) on the head of Jesus.
In the middle of Moscow, Berlioz's head is rolling over the oil spilled by another team (Anna) on the tramway.
A session at the var'єte falls "at the service of the 12 Gospels" - the evening of Great Thursday, if the Gospel rosaries about the suffering of Christ are read at all churches. Woland’s message over the Muscovites (as they themselves, vtim, they respected for better buti at the var’ete, and not in the temple) go at that hour, if the Christians are experiencing the Evangelical rosary about the message of Christ. At the turn of the year, it was already clearer: where are the Russian people, and de are the “scoops”. The very remains at their "temple of culture" appeared defenseless before Woland.
On Good Friday, the apostles stood behind the line of sharpening, guarding the punishment of Calvary. On the eve of Good Friday, Muscovites spend the same time in the sharpened militia, but also sharpen the fence of the “freeloaders” to press for tickets in the var'єte.
The march with the string of the headless Berlioz appears to be an atheistic substitute for the Friday march with the Shroud.
The ball at Satan's is going from Friday to Saturday. Margarita dvichi swims at the crooked pool. At the old Church itself, on the night of Great Saturday, they received baptism - like the death and resurrection of the Savior ...
Ale can’t reach the Great Day on the right: Woland cannot be left behind from Moscow the Great: “- Mesir! Saturday. The sun is fading. It's time for us." And the Great Day is ticking Meister and Margarita.
Woland, obviously, does not respect his own strengths, but there are two scenes in the novel, as if they are pushing, which is the most powerful enemy: the image of the cross and the sign of the cross (the cross bar and the cooker).
Tsey Natyak Bulgakov and rob a riddle about the reaction of unclean forces on the horseradish of the banner. These details are even more striking, that the residual text of the novel has a church theme throughout the day. Fuck the banner, that icon, for which Ivan the Bezdomny is hove - the axis and all the signs of the foundation of the Church near Bulgakov's Moscow.
The novel has no riddles about God. God himself becomes His own day the most important character: just to Moscow, as if she forgot about God, she called out New and broke the Cathedral of Christ, and in a moment a “noble foreigner” appeared. However, there were people near Moscow, in the memory of them, the invisible Temple - the Temple, wakes up at the hour. And to inspire with the secret, homely Easter prayer appeared enough for the celebration of the Cathedral of Christ the Savior.
Thinking about the twists and turns of our tragic times of the past century, Bulgakov thinks about the main reason: the intrusion of Dim and the introverted God.
The novel obviously has a lot of chi, the whiskers suffer in a different way: Meister, Margarita Mykolaivna, Berlioz, Poplavsky, Latunsky, Alois Mogarich, and Likhodeev toshcho. One of the characters is called in a different way - Homeless, the name of which, obviously, can be slandered by the past between good and evil.
And Woland himself - also lives on someone else's "living area".
In the "ancient chapters" of Joshua Ha-Notsri - "tramp" and "alone in the world." Tsya homelessness is the camp of the soul, which has spent the primary support of the world.
Kolishnіy God bv satiation himself in Budinka, in the whole national way of life. Vіn buv yak povіtrya, yakim went wild. I Vira bula in people.
Bulgakov, in his novel, leads us to the idea that the resurrection of God can be found in man himself.
Chapter 4 Bulgakov in Life and Romance.
Slid, zvichayno, vrakhovuvati, that the setting up to believe in different fates of Bulgakov's life was rezim. Yogo dee was a priest, father professor of the Spiritual Seminary, fakhіvtsem іz zahіdnih vіrovcheny that freemasonry, an active member of the Religious and Philosophical Association named after V. Solovyov.
Even in his early youth, Bulgakov shied away to bezvir'ya. After the death of the father, the atmosphere in the family became secular. Ale, at once, does not accept the full divine enumeration, the powerful atheistic propaganda of quiet fates. If you want to go to the church, priests, religious rites, it doesn’t matter in certain vipadkah. However, hot viraz yogo setting up to religion was dosit strimanim. In the novel “Maister and Margarita”, the author reveals his own realities more than ever.
Not only cultural, religious traditions, family atmosphere marked Bulgakov's light perception, but also individually - psychological features.
One of the reasons from the feather squad (Tetyanoy Mykolayivnoy) was the door to religion. The third squad, Olena Sergievna Bulgakova, wondered: “Which wine? Viriv, ale, well, not in the church way, but in their own way. At every time, if I am ill, viriv, I can vouch for it.
About faith in God, certify Bulgakov's notes in shchodenniks, sheets and black outlines up to the chapters of the novel: "Help me, Lord, finish the novel."
Є retelling that the remaining sum of the dying Bulgakov was a novel about Maistra. Bulgakov put his baddies, satirisms, scribbles at the mouth of his characters. But I didn’t trust my own faith in them.
Orthodox Russia leaned on the camp of the landless mandriving at the Radyansk Union. All earthly temples swayed and twisted, but still Bulgakov believed in the rebirth of Russia, in his people and dedicated his novel to them ... "If they knew ... if they knew ...". The first step is to say that Bulgakov did not have mercy.
Є
Chapter 5 Bulgakov "Maister and Margarita".
When reading the novel, the Christian cultural traditions reveal such facts as to put doubt in the very understanding of the truth, as the heroes could suffer.
Bulgakov in his novel develops a tradition close to the ideas of the Gnostics. Gnosticism easily admits confusion in its texts, images and manifestations that attack the most manipulative trends: Christianity and Judaism, Platonism and primary culture, Pythagoreanism and Zoroastrianism, etc. Just as for Christians it is knowledge to go out before us from faith in God, then for Gnostics it is from faith in oneself, at one’s own mind. For Christians, the greatest knowledge of good and evil is the portion of God. For Gnostics, evil is natural. Just as God gave freedom to the Christian vchenni to choose between good and evil, then the Gnostics recognize evil as the mover of the people. Jesus is just a teacher for them, people.
Within the framework of this approach, "Woland appears to be the bearer of greater justice", For truly, the evil deeds of the Muscovites and the punishment, imposed by them on the self-proclaimed judge, nevertheless appear inconsistent. For all the power of Woland Bulgakov, I give you a concrete human figure, like Yeshua. Woland is deceived by his hand, like a great person, he is a virtuous person, it is unbearable for him to hurt his leg before the ball, he is tired of the bacchanal of the victims of vice at the ball, he is noble in his guard to the point of vulgarity and magnanimous to the sufferers. However, Woland, who victoriously and punishes evil, does not believe in the good nature of a person, so with a respectful reading of Bulgakov's text, it is hardly possible to make wisps, such as "Woland is the best character in the novel." Yakby Woland, instilling more than an ogid - an unreasonable buv bi triumph of evil in that world, in which Bulgakov lives (that mitezh). 4 Yeshua and Woland, light and darkness are not only mentioned in the novel, but they are indistinctly connected like two sides of the world: “What would your good do, how would it not be evil, and how would the earth look, how would the earth appear from it?” Tse pitanya - animal to chitachiv. The significance of that background to the world is taken by ourselves at the knowledge moral choice. Tilki mayuchi fulcrum in the world, you can be free. Leather to rob your own free choice, which wins you. The novel can be seen as the Gospel, and at the same time as a parody of the New.
A lot of characters pass in front of us at the work of Bulgakov. And there is one in the middle of them, which becomes all we remember in our quiet obscurity Let's look at the image of Yeshua in this aspect. “The image of Joshua is superbly suffocated by the memorials of the sanctified people, not by an icon. Not the same Face, in which Bulgakov himself believes ... ”, - write A. Kuraev. The image of a beloved and positive hero should not be thrown with such strokes: “Jeshuaintimidatingly smiling...”, “Jeshua grinning and sayingsavagely : just don’t beat me hard, for you already beat me twice this year. Then what is the strength of Yeshua? Nasampered vin zavzhd at the camp of spiritual wrestling "nazustrich". The greatest ruh yogo in the novel expresses yogo head rice: “The person with the hands tied with the troch leaned forward and began to say:
good people! Trust me…".
Such is the first spiritual gesture of Yeshua. Let them be tied into the new hands, but the inner guilt is for all. "The trouble is, - it seems to Pilat, - that you are too short-circuited and left the rest of the faith in people." You can’t say more briefly about the cause of “evil”: in the procurators, and in the be-yakіy vzagalі people. Rukh nazustrich - the essence of goodness; open at home, isolation - the axis that opens the way to evil. Truth for Yeshua - Tse those who are true, cherish you for the good of life. The whole natural accompaniment: the will of the last, the merciless sun, the song of the water by the fountain, the all-pervasive aroma of the trojans to speak about the naturalness of the truths of Yeshua and the wrongness of Pilate, who reached out to them and stepped in fear.
Yeshua in such a rank affirms that the truth is all empirical reality. All that trapleyaetsya with people, all that she sees with her body, senses, mind.
But in people there can be right and wrong thoughts, positive and negative emotions, good and bad luck. And in the words of Ієshua there is no criterion for їхної відмініnostі. Yakshcho stink є, so stink tezh - istina. How to designate D.V. Makarov: "Such a statement about the truth leads to terrible conspiracies in suspenseful morality." Zagalnoludskie tsіnnostі, vroblenі by people and vіdbіtі in yоgo culture, it is impossible to know zmіshanі z mittevmi benefits: wealth, power, carnal pleasures.
Margarita borrows a special place in the novel: in the name of her kohan won, she is tormented by the devil.
Shira love forever sacrificial, forever heroic. No wonder so many legends have been created about her, no wonder so many stories have been written about her. True love is the root of all membranes. The sculptor Pigmalion revived the statue created by him - Galatea, by the power of the kohanny. By the power of the kokhannya they beat the ailments of the kohanikhs, to blame from grief, to rage in the face of death ...
All were called to the mercy of Margarita, if she asked Woland to keep vimagala, so that Freda would stop serving that Khustka. At the same time, no one looked at her. Woland thought, why don’t you ask about Maistra, but for this woman, it’s more like a kohannya. Love to Maistra will go to the heroine because of the hatred of yoga persecutors. But to instill hatred cannot strangle mercy in him.
The image of the main heroine of the novel has attached the respect of the wealthy successors, the zokrema of the shukachi prototypes. Until today, only five prototypes of the heroine have been named, among them there are those who are not related to Bulgakov's biography. Biographically and psychologically, we will most likely reconsider our decision on the greed of the writer's widow, supported by our friends and the richness of the successors of "Maistra and Margarita".
A number of doslednikіv vbachayut Margaretі, the companion of majstra z transition at the vishchi expanses of buttya, vіlennya teologiemy Sofії - Vіchnі zhіnochnostі, scho them directly to the philosophy of the Gnostics, then to the vchennya of G. Skovorod and the mysticism of Volodymyr Solovyov. Others are working on the personification of the "alchemy queen" to take place at the Satan's ball initiation, as well as projections on the mystery of Izide.
Meanwhile, Bulgakov often writes his characters so clearly that readers take characteristic for positive. But not so. Don't try to romanticize Margarita and bring the image of the witch to one chapel with the bright Madonnas of Russian classics.
Andriy Kuraev writes at his robot that Margarita is by no means a “yangol-guardian” and not a “good genius” Maistra. Margarita is not a Muse. Vaughn is less likely to hear the writing of the novel. Maistre Margarita appears in life, if the novel may be finished. Itself won’t pidshtovkhuє yogo to the self-absorbed vchinku - see the manuscript from the radyansky vidavnitstv.
Meister is a writer. Yogo tvir is published in the warehouse of great novels, the characters of such vins. The subject of the master's work: A terrible day at Jerusalem. For Bulgakov, everything was obvious: the author of the “novel about Pilat” is Woland. Ale z reworking the novel by the “Vikonavets” the manuscript of a staє lyudin - Meister. Ale Meister is creatively active and independent, less in literary form, and not in essence. With so many two Maistrіv, the novel never had any: if Maistrom buv Woland, the kohanets Margarity was called a “singer”. And in the course of Bulgakov's explanation, Meister differs in the novel written by him, and in his own fallow land near Woland.
The appointment of Maistra with Woland - the classic stature of a person - a creator with a demon: a person shows his talent to the spirit.
5.1. "Manuscripts do not burn ..."
Those that Bulgakov himself wrote about the Gospel of Satan in the novel about Pilate, we already know. How can you recognize a reader? A hint can be found in the famous phrase "do not burn the manuscript". In Woland's mouth there is a clear claim to those who, while examining the manuscript, are guilty of replacing the Church's Gospels, or of accepting them on a par. Yakscho V.A. Chebotarova does not doubt that the author is behind the aphorism, that here “Bulgakov’s faith is expressed through art, the triumph of truth, among those who “do not burn manuscripts””, then G. Krugoviy seriously plays the trick of the devil in his phrase, which, looking at the manuscript of Maistra, rightly pides his, devilish, manuscript. It is more respectful than the most lucid role of the diabolical force in Bulgakov's novel, as if speaking to B.F. Egorov at the article “Bulgakov and Gogol. The theme of fighting evil. One thing is impeccable: Bulgakov is fit here with Woland. The quote is not textual, but rather meaningful. Maybe, the framework of caution should expand, and then it will appear that the history of the known aphorism is richly wide and at the hour that space. Here we also see a roll call - I’m not aware of the old mythology known to Russian culture for one hundred years. The motif of vibrating with fire is heard in the apocrypha, and in Russian spiritual verses, including the most ancient ones. Especially wines buv schismatics. Adzhe "for the Russian Svidomosti middleXVIIthe capital of the righteous is near the fire for death. Priest Lazar at the cathedral navit proponuvav nikonians go through the fire with him at once, to be sued by God's court. It was said that the right weed out of the fire is unshkodzhenim. Tse manifestation has expanded and books; їхнє zanurennya at the fire was seen its own testing. To prove the truth of the Old Believer faith, deacon Fedir Ivanov (“a fellow prisoner” of Archpriest Avakum) recalled his trip to Athos: they tried to burn old Russian books, but the stench did not burn against the fire. It is noteworthy that in the listing of Avakum with yoga addicts, one of the most infamous opponents of yoga - the persecutor of the old faith - is not called otherwise, like Pontius Pilate. The light of these facts becomes clear, like manuscripts do not burn and why should the stench not burn.
The retelling of the tradition in Russian literature can be expanded in another book, and even, for the associates of Avakum, for Gogol and instructed from Bulgakov, foretell Hanna Akhmatova, who reads at the verse of "Dream":
I am writing the axis, as before, without blots,
My verses near the bedrooms are covered.
To speak more widely, that those whom God saves do not collapse, including the right books, as if to avenge the correct understanding of biblical plots. Now Woland is acting in the role of the guardian of the manuscripts and the guarantor of their authenticity.
In this manner, you can tell everything about the archetype, which, having been inspired by the folk-poetry svіdomosti protyazh, first of all knows new life in Bulgakov's novel, having entered into the aphorism: "Manuscripts do not burn."
Satan infects with whom the anti-evangelism. It’s not less than a crackdown on the yogo enemy (Christ of the Church believes that prayer), but it’s an indirect exaltation of Satan. Woland himself is not confused by Maistra's novel. But through this movement and the effect necessary for Woland is reached: all the people, I’m not up to anything here, I’m just an eyewitness, I’ve lied my own, I’ve helped the primus ... I, how to denounce the anti-evangelism, it turns out to be in filth: z-pіd dupi cat ( "Kіt" mitially gathered from the style, and everyone sang, that they were sitting on the tovstіy part of the manuscripts.
Love and creativity are the axis that can stand against eternal evil. With love, that creativity has been shown to understand goodness, forgiveness, rozuminnya, the realization of truth, harmony. In my love, Margarita performs a feat, adding fear and weakness, overpowering her, not caring anything about herself. The image of Maystra allows Bulgakov to pose the problem of the author's viability for his talent. Meister maє zdatnіst "guess" the truth, see through the comrade to create the image of a right people. Yogo gift can vryatuvat people out of forgetfulness, forgotten by them building to do good. Ale Meister, having foreseen the novel, not having seen the fight for the new one, was guided by his own creation, not having accepted the feat.
Margarita cherishes the novel more, lower Meister. By the power of her kohannya Margarita ryatuє Maistra and yoga novel. With the theme of creativity and the theme of Margarita, the right values are shown, which are affirmed by the author of the novel: freedom of specialness, mercy, honesty, truth, faith of love.
Chapter 6
For some reasons, for which Meister "did not deserve the light", L. Yanovska, V. Lakshin, M. Chudakov, N. Utekhin, O. Zapalska, V. Kotelnikov, and others who spoke "respected" most ethical, religious and ethical plan. "Vіdpovіdі" may be evident from the analysis of different equals, "zones" of the novel.
Meister did not deserve the light of that which was superb:
Christian vimogs ("zone of heroes"),
Philosophical conception of the world in the novel (“the zone of the author”),
Genre nature of the novel (“genre zone”),
Aesthetic realities of modernity (“zone of the era”).
Zrozumilo, such a podіl є dosit sensible and dictated to us by the initial methodical goals.
Zvernemosya to the causes of religious-ethical, Christian. The stench peresbuvayut at the "zone of heroes", squealing from the romantic dol of the heroes, none of the heroes lived "by themselves", from their own will, and not from the author's. Ale is the widest pidkhid, especially at school.
From the Christian point of view, the Meister did not deserve the light, shards and beyond the threshold of death continued to be deprived of the earthly. Vіn not having broken the human bodily cob. It looked like a zokrema, at the one who Meister looks back, on his earthly sin kohanna - Margarita, he wants to share his unearthly life with her. A classic precedent in the literature of the world: Dante's " Divine Comedy» Tim, who was the witness of the earthly kokhannya, having moved at the light, having settled at the Inferno or Purgatory. Behind the Christian manifestations of the earth, troubles, sorrows and joys are not to blame for the sinful earth. The situation in the novel is similar to the biblical one: Meister also looks back at his past. Ale Bulgakov, having disposed of the share of his hero, otherwise: do not lie in truth, Maistra, but speak to you.
Critics rightly denounce Maistra zazhureno. Znevira, rozpach is also sinful, and not only for Christian norms. Meister moves in the novel of truth, which he discovers, he knows: “I don’t have more dreams, and I don’t have any breath ..., I don’t need to cry at all, I don’t cry (Margaret) ... less hated, tsey novel ... I have already tasted a lot through the new one. A bedroom for a novel is a kind of self-destruction.
Chi viriv Meister, chi pragniv wine, like a hero sing Dante, to the good light? The novel does not give a basis for a solid opinion.
The reason is the presence of the light and the light - the most important, and there is a zokrema, with the concept of the image of Yeshua in the novel. Although the author does not act in the divine persona of Joshua, he stands in front of the reader in front of a morally beautiful person, as if she suffered undeservedly. In the novel there is no resurrection Ієshua, vin and not similar to the one who can be resurrected. Meister "guessed" those that were two thousand years old, if Joshua came to the world, but with a look of a believing person, he did not guess everything. The truth was revealed to you, as the historical truth, as a moral image, but not the true truth of a right Christian.
The third part of the novel was called "Somy Proof". Go about proving buttya God.
For Kant, God is not a "moral law", but a Legislator of the Law. At the foundation of morality Kant bachiv vyyav God. God is a greater moral proof of a person. Human moral proof is enlightenment in the world of constant unfreedom, which allows you to pamper yourself. The very foundation of morality is only an indicator of the foundation of human freedom.
The main thing in the Kantian construction is a reflection of a logical necessary connection between human freedom and the foundation of God. Woland did not praise this proof. Youmu vzagali not up to like human freedom. The whole history of Woland's manifestation in Moscow is a reflection of the fundamental lack of freedom of people. That yak buti tsіy freedom among quiet people, yakі themselves interrupted the link with the world of High Freedom? The author of this painting is ... Satan. Tse i є brought to the point of absurdity. Bulgakov, with the most possible evidence, showing the reality of Satan.
Truth is invisible in the sight of God. Suspіlstvі understand about іtіnі not vіdіznyаєє singsіvієєє. Tse sooner the category of a joke, lower volodinnya. She is signified by the spirit of the hour.
To understand, be some kind of proof, the mother needs a culture of thought, but there is a difference.
The wondrous “calm” in Bulgakov’s novel is “pleasant” to its own kind, trying not to compare “light” and “shadow” in piece-created forms of light, like a real earthly one.
First of all, the greatest value for the author of a novel is creativity. With the virishenni share of Maystra, love and creativity were leveled on the bowl of tereziv vіdsutnіst vіri; did not "outweigh" either Paradise or Hell. There was a need for a compromise solution - to reward - to punish Maystra "calmly". Whoever decides to read the praise of the most earthly truth - the truth of creativity and love. But again, I still need to say that the praise at the finale turns into its unsupported side.
We remember that it is calm - the cities of Leviy Matvey are remembered with a “smart voice”. O. Zapalska estimating Maistra’s share as a religious critic, respecting that “calm” is not a city, it’s Maistra’s bide, who is inspired to choose between good and evil, light and light.
Zvіdsi, zvіsno, and turmoil Levіy Matthew. Ale "smart voice" is not the author's voice. It can be argued that in the center of the novel it is still not a problem of choice, about what O. Zapalska writes about, but the problem of the tragically necessary inconsistency of good and evil. "Light" (Hirsk calm) would be unmotivated not only from the religious-ethical, philosophical-conceptual point of dawn. Obviously, Bulgakov and his hero are not the same one alone, the author for an hour ironizes over his hero, prote spontaneity, autobiography of the novel is ambiguous.
Let's look at the "zones of heroes", "zones of the author", "zones of the genre" and also "zones of the era" - the aesthetic realities of the new hour. In the 20th century, especially the idea of the hour reached, which, having sounded, happiness - the fence is not without limits. Singing, right from an aesthetic look, there is no category more tedious, lower eternal bliss. Porіvnyayte - І. Brodsky: “.. because there is nothing beyond Raj, nothing is expected. To that one can say that Paradise is a deaf kut. The novel by M. Bulgakov's creations shows a wide range of trends in the art of the 20th century – the secularization of evangelical motives and images, the “demistification” of culture, trends, as if taking their cob from the Renaissance period.
The novel by M. Bulgakov was created for an era, in yak, for the words of S.N. Bulgakov, a characteristic podіl, discord in church life and cultural life, and the context of the current era, without a doubt vpliniv on the author of "Maistra and Margarita".
Andriy Kuraev at his robot “Fantasy and truth of The Da Vinci Code” signifies that Woland describes the future life of Maistra and Margaret at the house (“Caesar's gift”) with the old servant, with walks, with candles and with a goose feather in the evenings, with the music of Schubert (instrument disguised tortura).
But really, the fault of Maistra is not a Faustian ideal, but a Wagnerian one. And this static-bookish Wagnerian paradise is definitely not as happy as Maistra. Woland grants Maistrov "happiness" from someone else's shoulder. Let us crush you and rub your soul. The callousness of the “eternal home” points to those who have death at the “Maister and Margarita”, as if in romanticism it acts as a rarity in the face of earthly suffering. The key to this episode is the understanding of “eternal budinok”, which reads like a good butt of a bezkhatchenka persecuting the heroes of an eternal backyard, one more meaning is added to bring the theme of new hopelessness. In Russian tradition, there is a direct connection between the concepts "dim" and "remaining porch" - the string is called a tomb.
Crossing out the words about the fading memory in the rest of the paragraph of the 32nd section, Bulgakov took the unity of self-confidence of his hero after his physical death, vpritul zmikayuchis from the Christian interpretations of immortality. The problem of death and immortality stood close in front of the dying writer of 1939, and Bulgakov virishuvav її in a purely artistic and philosophical-religious plan, but as close as possible to the autobiographical layer of the novel.
Dorimuyuyuschisya literary tradition and depicting the finale of the rich characters of "Maistra and Margarita", the epilogue, however, rather, not to the completed novel, but to reminisce about those that happened after a single podії, as the place knew to be real, - after the appearance of Maistra and Margarita. You can compare with the biblical parable about Lot and the destruction of Sodom and Gomory, so that I will destroy the place after the departure of the new righteous. In this manner, the dominating image of the epilogue - inexorably round - swells a socially-metaphorical shift: for this help, “a warning about the world, which, having died, you don’t know it yourself,” is being created.
Bulgakov's "Calm" is bodily - sincere, empirical; that is why it is deceitful, because it is not divine. Love and creativity, even though the stench is highly valued by Bulgakov, are not universal, eternal values and cannot be a sufficient basis for entering into the right, true "calm" - the place of rebuking God.
The final motives here are the motives of “freedom” and “the abyss”. And freedom here is not the traditional companion of the divine peace, but abstract, emotional-situational. "Freedom" is tied to "daylessness" - cosmic cold, darkness. The author of the novel about Pilate, like a hero, can drink in the “daylessness”, at the sphere of Woland.
Bulgakov leaves the pose of the novel "calm" in the Christian mind, vin affirms calm-mriya.
Visnovok
Otzhe, the poetics of the novel by M.A. Bulgakov's "Maister and Margarita" in the context of the Russian Christian tradition (which included an analysis of the sense of the name, the epigraph, the structure of the novel, the figurative system and other elements of poetics) made it possible to approach the main problem of the novel - the author's idea of the writer. Bulgakov creating a parody novel. The novel is alien to the allusions, behind which one wants a political one, which is another strain on the wicked furnishing. It is not about the historical repetition of one epoch in another, but about the endless and uninterrupted historical instillation of sacred plots, which lie not for an hour, but for eternity. In this view, there is a story about the death of a whole bagatov culture.Bulgakov, in fact, is creating a universal author's myth about the death of Russia by a zagal.
On the sides of the novelimportant and profound religious-philo are discussedsophic nutrition - about the sense of life, about the main values, about human freedom.
Avtor affirming the priority ofa verse of human feelings over whether there is a social hierarchy. Writerto believe, scho, only squirming on the living instillation of humanisticwhom to understand, people can do just justicesuspension.
Bulgakov looks at the good as his ownstvo, the backbone of the power of human nature, like vtim, and evil. In order for a person to become a special person, that is an identityrespect the moral law, I'm guilty of guiltyou have a good ear in yourselves and strangle evil. І all here lie downmy people. Good and evil in M. Bulgakov are created by human hands, and not by God or the devil.
The people's place of moral resilience is filled with lack of spirituality and debauchery. People show unstoppable to calmness, show irrepressible ambitions and needs.
The resistance of good and evil always called people's interest. Many philosophers, church leaders, poets and prose writers tried to comprehend this problem. The problem was especially pronounced among people in the turning point of the era, when old ambushes were laid, laws and orders, and also among the fates of crooked wars. Without becoming a vine and XXIcentury, which gave birth to many foldable and dramatic manifestations in the spiritual searches of the soul.
Oleksandr Solzhenitsyn wrote that all the sense and burden of Orthodox life is a free will. The line between good and evil passes through the heart of the skin of a person, and choose those that make up our life, and those that we are.
The goals of that task, which were set in our mission, have been achieved. Prote zalishaetsya richly untied sides of the novel, yakі sche vyvchatimutsya.
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5. Dunaev M.M. About the novel by M.F. Bulgakova Meister and Margarita. - M: 2005. - P.23.
6. Egorova N.V. Universal lesson-by-hour analysis of literature. Grade 11IIpivrichchya. 4th view., corrected. that dod. -M.: VAKO, 2006. -S.31.
7. Egorov B.F. Follow-up from old and new literature. - L., 1987. - S.90-95.
8. Ishimbayeva G.G. Russian faustina of modernity. M.: 2002. - P.106.
9. Kuraev A. Fantasy and truth of "The Da Vinci Code" / Deacon Andriy Kuraev. - M.: AST: Zebra E, 2007. - S. 46, 50, 76.82-83, 102.128-129.153.
10. Kruglov R. Mikhailo Bulgakov. Modern clouding. Until the 100th anniversary of the people's day. I looked around the collection. - M., 1991. - S.97.
11. Makarov D.V. Russian literature literatureXIX– first halfXXcentury of the Christian cultural tradition. - Ulyanovsk: UIPKPRO, UlGTU, 2006. - S.72, 92.
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13. Sokolov B.V. Bulgakov's Encyclopedia. M.: LOKID - MIF. 1997. - S. 132, 160.97. - S. 160.
14. Chudakova M. Zhittєpis M.A. Bulgakov - M.: 1988, - S. 387, 484.
Magazines and newspapers.
1. Akimov V.M. Light of the artist Mikhailo Bulgakov against the Devil. - M.: 1995. Narodna osvita. - S.7, 8, 46.
2. Belza 1991. Scores by Mikhail Bulgakov // Nutrition of Literature. - No. 5. - S. 55.
3. Zapalska O. Vibir and calm // Vibir. - M.: 1998. - No. 3. - P. 360.
4. Kirєєv R. Bulgakov “Your zdijsnish with me the rest of the flight”. Science and religion. -№3, 2000. - P.13.
5. Kryuchkov Volodymyr. The name “Maister and Margarita” is equivalent to the text of the novel by M.A. Bulgakov. Literature. - 2003. - No. 12. – C.4.
6. Kryuchkov V.P. "Vіn not deserving light, vіn deserving peace ...", commentary to "Maistra and Margarita" Literature at school. - 1998. - No. 2. - P.55,60.
7. Marantsman V.G. Problematic analysis of M. Bulgakov's novel "Maister and Margarita". School Literature. - 2002. - No. 5 - S.23, 27.
8. Medrish D.M. Bіlya dzherel poetic image. Russian language. - M: Prosvitnitstvo 1998 No. 1. - P.97.
9. Minakov A.V. Symbolism of the novel by M.A. Bulgakov "Maister and Margarita". - M: Sails, 1998. - P.167.
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11. Palіїvskiy P.V. Our spiritual values. School Literature. -#7. - 2002. - P.14.
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addendum
Catering for the novel by M.A. Bulgakov
"Maister and Margarita".
Prosteste main storylines from M. Bulgakov's novel "Maister and Margarita", fold chronologically sequentiallywarning about the coming heroes (with elements of their characteristics): a) Meister; b) Margarita; c) Yeshua Ha-Notsri; d) Pontius Pilate; e) Woland
What to give to the artist in terms of chronological sequence, parallel to the image of the epochs of different epochs, usunennia between the historical epochs?
Find out analogies between characters of the 30sIcentury of the 30s of the twentieth century.
Try vivitiparallels in the image of Yershalaїm of the 30sIthe capital of Moscow in the 30s of the twentieth century: a) they slander description; b) at the manifestations of the eternal forces of nature (sun, moon, gloom, thunderstorms, bliskavok); c) at the sight of the first plan of the eternal nourishment of the human butt (greed, tragedy, reason, staleness in the face of greater forces); d) for placed images - characters.
Wiznachte problems of the novel : about what wine, about what are the eternal problems of the eternal butt?
Hello - in the form of oral testimony - the episode of the judgment and stratum of Jesus Christ for the Gospel (Matthew, ch. 27, 28; John, ch. 18, 19) and the analogous episode in Bulgakov's novel (head.IIі XVI). Like a writer from the factual material of the Gospel, who showed his author's beginning and like a link between the characters changed diyovih osib(Jesus - Ієshua, Pontіy Pilat, Levіy), їхній нінішній зміст at the link with the directness of the opposite, what is dictated by the author's idea?
Take the fate of
Entry
An analysis of the novel "Maister and Margarita" has been the subject of a literary scholars' training in all of Europe for more than a decade. The novel has a number of features, such as the non-standard form of "a novel in a novel", an unusual composition, a rich theme and a variety. It is not without reason that writings at the dawn of the life and creative path of Mikhail Bulgakov. The writer has put all his talent into the TV, knowing that fantasy.
Genre novel
Tvіr "Maister and Margarita", the genre of which criticism is defined as a novel, has a low sign, the power of its genre. A whole bunch of plot lines, a lot of heroes, a development for a lot of hours. The novel is fantastic (some people call it phantasmagoric). Ale nayaskravisha singularity - the entire structure of the "novel within the novel". Two parallel worlds - the masters and old hours of Pilate and Yeshua, here they can live independently and mingle less in the rest of the divisions, if you visit Woland to pay Leviy - learn that close friend of Yeshua. Here two lines merge into one, and the reader marvels with its organicity and closeness. The very structure of the "novel in the novel" gave Bulgakov the opportunity to show two such different worlds in such a masterful way and at the same time, perhaps two thousand years ago.
Features of the composition
The composition of the novel "Maister and Margarita" is characterized by its peculiarities and non-standard methods of the author, as if from the creation of one work at the borders of another. Deputy of the sung classical lancelet - composition - tie - culmination - rozvyazka bachimo gossip of these stages, and navit podvoennya їх.
The opening of the novel: Berlioz's and Woland's essay, the conversation. Seen in 30 years of the XX century. Woland's rozpovid takes away the reader from thirty roki, and two thousand years ago. And here begins another thread - a novel about Pilate and Yeshua.
Next, follow the tie. The collection of Volodna and yoga company near Moscow. Stars take turns and a satirical line to creation. Another novel is also developing in parallel. The culmination of the maister's novel is the stratum of Joshua, the climax of the story about the maister, Margaret and Woland is the visit of Levi Matviy. Tsіkava rozv'yazka: nіy resentment novels will unite in one. Woland and Yogo honor to take Margarita and Maistra to another world, sob to reward them with a calm and peaceful world. At the cost of the stench, sing the eternal mandriving Pontius Pilate.
"Vilniy! Vin checks on you!” - with this phrase, the master calls the procurator and ends her novel.
Main themes of the novel
Mikhailo Bulgakov stole the sense of the novel "Maister and Margarita" from the gossip of the main themes and ideas. No wonder the novel is called fantastic, satirical, philosophical, and loving. All these topics are developed in the novel, framing that supporting the main idea - the struggle between good and evil. The skin theme is instantly tied to its heroes and intertwined with other characters.
satirical theme- Tse "tour" Woland. The public favored the material goods, the representatives of the elite, for a penny, the windings of Korovyov and Behemoth openly and clearly describe the ailments of the contemporary writer of the souspice.
Kohannya theme instilled in the maistra that Margaret and give the novel a sense of humor and help a lot of good moments. Literally, not for nothing, the writer burned the first version of the novel, de Margariti that master was not yet alive.
Theme of speech go through the whole novel and show a few variants of speech and experience. The pilat spoke to the wandering philosopher Joshua, but getting lost in his shoes and, afraid of being judged, "shake hands." And then I’m talking to Margarita - with all my heart I’m going through the maestro, Fred at the ball, and Pilat. Ale її svіvchuttya - not just a little bit, it’s shtovhaє її on singing diї, it doesn’t fold its hands and chooses to be saved quietly, for whom you are worried. I sing to the master and Ivan Bezdomny, pereimayuchis yogo іstorієyu, scho "skin rіk, if it's springtime today ... the eve of the evening is at the Patriarch's rates ..."
The theme of vibachennya go mayzhe entrust with the topic of speech.
Philosophical topics about the sense and the method of life, about good and evil, about biblical motives of rich fates to serve as the subject of a super-recipe and a commemoration of writers. Everything that is special about the novel “Maister and Margarita” has its structure and ambiguity; With skin readings, all new and new food and thoughts are revealed to the reader. This novel has a genius - it does not consume actuality, nor gaudiness for decades, and it is just like a cicavi, as if it were its first readers.
Ideas and ideas
The idea of the novel is both good and evil. And it’s no less a struggle for the context, but for the sake of a joke, it’s appointed. What is really evil? Greater for everything, so the best way to describe the head thought of creation. The reader is sublime to the point that the devil is pure evil, if he will exalt the image of Woland. Vіn do not rob evil, vin - look and punish quietly, who act low. Yogo tour near Moscow only confirms this thought. Vіn shows the moral ailments of the suspіlstva, but to sue them, it’s less summarily zіthaє: “People, like people ... So yourself, like before.” Lyudina is weak, but it is in her power to resist her weaknesses, fight with them.
The theme of good and evil is ambiguously shown on the image of Pontius Pilate. Vіn the soul to repair the opіr stratієІєshua, but you do not vystachaє daring to drink against the natovpu. Virok to the wandering innocent philosopher to blame the natovp, but the Pilate was judged to punish early.
The struggle between good and evil is the struggle of the literary master. It is not enough for self-sung writers to simply encourage the writer, it is necessary for them to belittle yoga, to prove their case. The meister is rather weak, to fight, all the strength came from the novel. It is not for nothing that the statutes for the new one are filled with the image of what is like a cost, as you begin to go to the master in a dark room.
Hot analysis of the novel
Analysis of "Maister and Margarita" may be on the basis of confusion in the world, created by the writer. Here you can see biblical motifs and parallels with Goethe's immortal Faust. With those novels, the skin of the skin develops, and at the same time spіvіsnuyuchi, at once creating a cobweb of food. Dekilka svіtіv, who knew their place in the novel, the author zdivuє organically. Zovsіm not crying, having risen in price from modern Moscow to the ancient Yershalaїm, Woland’s wise besid, what to say the majestic whale and policy of Margaret Mikolayevna.
This novel is truly immortal, a blessing to the talent of the writer and the unquenchable relevance of topics and problems.
Creativity Test
The novel “Maister and Margarita” is the central work of M.A. Bulgakov. The whole novel has a naytsіkavіshu artistic structure. The story of the novel develops in three plot lines. This is the realist world of Moscow life, and the Yershalaїmsky world, to carry the reader from far away that hour, as well as the fantastic world of Woland and all mail. Of particular interest is the analysis of the novel "Maister and Margarita", for the help of which you can better understand all the philosophical significance of this creation.
Genre originality to the novel
Behind its genre, the tvir "Maister and Margarita" is a novel. Yogo genre originality rozkrivayetsya so: social-philosophical, fantastic, satirical novel in the novel. Tsey tvir є social, shards in the new image stay rocky NPU at the SRSR. Misce dії - Moscow, not academic, not ministerial, not party-orderly, but upholstered, communal-pobutova.
For a stretch of three days at Moscow, Woland with a mustache of his honor has won the stars of the blue Radian people. According to the idea of communist ideologists, these people are small to represent a new type of hromadyan, like vilni in social nedolіkіv and ailment.
Satire at the work of "Maister and Margarita"
The life of Moscow dwellers in the novel is described by the author in a very satirical way. Here the unclean force is punishing karaterists, grabbers, combinators. The stench "blossomed brightly", coryst with the blessings of "healthy soil of the radian community".
The author gives a description of the spiritual life of the soul in parallel with the satirical images of shakhraiv. Nasampered, Bulgakov Tsikavila literary life Moscow. One of the best representatives of the creative intelligentsia in this work is the literary official Mikhailo Berlioz, who encourages young members of the MOSSOLIT, and also Ivan Bezdomniy, who is literate and self-singing in the region, who respects himself as a poet. The satirical image of the diyachіv kul'tury pogogaє in the fact that it is strongly dependent on the zarazumіlіlі skoєno vіdpodіdaі їkh creative achievements.
Philosophical sense of the novel "Maister and Margarita"
Analysis of creativity shows the great philosophical zmist novel. Here, scenes from the ancient era are intertwined with the description of radian action. Together with the procurator Judea Pontius Pilate, the all-powerful monk of Rome, and the wife of the preacher Joshua Ha-Notsri, the philosophical and moral zmist of Bulgakov's work is revealed. The very essence of these heroes is the author and bachel the Yaskraviy, having shown single combat between the ideas of evil and good. The best way to develop an idea is to create Bulgakov to help the elements of fantasy.
Analysis of the episode of the novel
Analysis of the episode "Maister and Margarita" can help you to understand more. One of the most dynamic and most beautiful episodes of the novel is the flight of Margarita over Moscow. Stand in front of Margarita and chat with Woland. Before tsієyu zustrіchchyu їy it was allowed to fly over the place. Margarita was overwhelmed by a wonderfully almost polota. The wind roared up my thoughts, for a reason why Margarita pretended to be the most amazing rank. Now the reader is presented with an image not of the timid Margarita, the guardian of the situation, but of the right witch with a fiery temperament, ready to stir up some kind of divine intervention.
Flying past one of the houses, Margarita peeps at the vіdchinenі vіkna and sips two wives who are barking at the butt flasks. Margarita says: “Offend you are kind,” to tell about those that the heroine can no longer turn to such an empty life. Vaughn became a stranger.
Let's respect Margaret's respect by turning the eight-surfaced Budinok Dramlita. Margarita finds out that Latunsky herself is here. Once upon a time, the surrender of the heroine was forced to grow into a vicious trickery. The very same person shed the kohan Margaret. Vaughn begins to take revenge on Latunsky, and then the apartment is transformed on a flooded mass of broken furniture and a broken warehouse. Nothing can be done to calm Margarita at this moment. So, the heroine is to transfer her unselfish camp to the present world. And here the reader chimes with the butt of victorious aliteration: “fragments fell down”, “pishov the right plank”, “whistle wildly”, “wibig doorman”. The analysis of "Maistra and Margarity" allows you to get lost in sensual creativity.
It is not possible for atrocities to come to an end. Vaughn to drink at the third vіknі on top of the little lad at the bed. The perelyakan child called Margaret motherly, the power of the skin woman. Together with them there is a trembling and tenderness. So, її mental camp after the captivating rout normalizes. Won even calmly and with a bit of a wicked bandage leave Moscow. It's not easy to point out the parallelism in the description of Margarita's superfluous sharpness and mood.
The heroine behaves fiercely and wildly, perebovayuchi in a restless place, in such a life she doesn’t get caught up in the whims of her life. All the same, Margarita leans on sharpened dewy bows, waters of those green foxes, she fills with peace of mind and jealousy. Now it’s already time to fly freely, smoothly, drinking in the flood and being able to enjoy all the beauty of the moon night.
This analysis of the episode "Maistry and Margarity" shows that this episode plays a significant role in the novel. Here the reader predicts the outside rebirth of Margaret. Vono ukrai is necessary for the creation of vchinkiv nadal.
"Maister and Margarita" spelled in 1928-1940. it was published with censored notes in the Moscow magazine No. 11, 1966. that No. 1 for 1967 The book without cuts was seen in Paris in 1967. that 1973 r. at the SRSR.
I conceived the novel Vinik in the middle of the 20s, in 1929. the novel was completed, and 1930. burned by Bulgakov near the rude. This version of the novel was renewed and published 60 years later under the title "The Great Chancellor". In the novels ne Maistre, ne Margarita, the Evangelical chapters were reduced to one - "Gospel in the Devil" (in the other version - "Gospel in the Heart of Judy").
The first edition of the novel was created from 1930 to 1934. Bulgakov thinks hard about the headline: "The Engineer's Savings", "Black Magus", "Woland's Tour", "Consultant with Savings". Margarita and її companion are born in 1931, and more than 1934 the word "meister" is used.
Z 1937 and until death 1940 p. Bulgakov corrected the text of the novel, which he considered to be the main creation of his life. The rest of the words about the novel are two repetitions of "you know."
Literary directly that genre
The novel "Majster and Margarita" is modernist, although Maistra's novel about Jesus is realistic and historical, there is nothing fantastic about it: no miracles, no resurrection.
Compositionally, “Maister and Margarita” is a novel in a novel. Evangelical (єrshalaїmskі) chapters - tse plіd reveal Maystra. Bulgakov's novel is called philosophical, mystical, satirical and inspires lyrical speech. Bulgakov himself ironically called himself a mystical writer.
Maistra's novel about Pontius Pilate is close to the genre to the parable.
Issues
The most important problem for the novel is the problem of truth. Heroes spend directly (Homeless), head (George Bengalsky), very special (Meister). The stench opines in impassible places (likhodiev), they transform into a viper, vampires and knurivs. What kind of light and image is truthful for the skin? Abo istin impersonal? So the Moscow leaders talk with Pilatov "what is the truth."
The truth of the novel's ideas is Maistra's novel. The one who, having guessed the truth, becomes (or is deprived of) mentally ill. Parallel to Maistra's novel about Pontius Pilate, there are texts of pardon: poems by Ivan Bezdomny and notes by Levi Matviy, which are written by those that did not exist and that in the future will become a historical gospel. It is possible, Bulgakov, to put summaries of the Evangelical truths.
Another important problem is the eternal life question. Von is instilled in the motif of the road at the final scenes. Seeing a joke, the Meister cannot claim to be in the city (light). Monthly day at the povistі - beat the light of the eternal rush to the truth, like you can’t touch in the historical hour, only in eternity. This idea is instilled in the image of Pilate, who is going to live Yeshua on the moon's road.
With Pilat, the novel has one more problem - human waters. Bulgakov's main vice is fearfulness. With a chain of peace, the truth of power compromises, pleasing to conscience, people are embarrassed to go for any kind of regime, especially for a new Radianian. It is not for nothing that the Rozmov Pilate with Mark Krisoboy, who can drive in Judas, guess the Rozmov agent in the secret service of the GPU, if not to speak directly about it, it is not words, but thoughts.
Social problems related to satirical Moscow chapters. The problem of human history is being destroyed. What is it like: hail of the devil, handing in sweaty good forces? How far has history gone to lie in people?
Another problem is behavior human specialty in a specific historical period. How can you get rid of human beings at the whirlwind of historical fortunes, save your healthy mind, be special and not compromise with your conscience? Muscovites wonderful people, but the apartment was supplied with food. What can be an important historical period of being true to their behavior?
Actual problems, as it seems, are encrypted in the text. The homeless one, who is chasing after Woland's retinue, sees the very same place in Moscow, de bule razruynovanі church. In this way, the problem of the godlessness of the new world is brought up, in which the place of the devil and the yoga retinue appeared, and the problem of the rebirth of the restless (bezprituly) people in the new world. New Ivan is born, having received christening from Moscow-rіtsі. So Bulgakov brought up the problem of the moral fall of the people, which allowed Satan to appear on the streets of Moscow with the destruction of Christian shrines.
Plot and composition
The novel revolves around worldly literature with plots: the devil's instillation in the world of people, the sale of the soul. Bulgakov’s victorious compositional technique “text by text” and the novel has two chronotopes – Moscow and Yershalaim. Structurally they are similar. The skin of the chronotope is divided into three equal parts. Upper Riven - Moscow Square - the Palace of Iroda and the Temple. Middle river - Arbat provulki, where Meister and Margarita live - Nizhne Misto. Nizhniy riven - the shore of the Moscow River - Kedron and Gethsemane.
Nayvischa point of Moscow - Triumfalna Square, de-rolling theater Var'ete. The atmosphere of a farce, a middle-aged carnival, de heroes dress up in someone else's clothes, and then they appear naked, like an unhappy woman at a charming shop, spreading all over Moscow. Same Var'єte becomes the priest of the Bisiv Sabbath with sacrificial entertainers, who had their heads cut off. This is the most important point in the Yershalaїmsk branches, which is the place of distribution of Iєshua.
Zavdyaks parallel to the chronotopes of the podії, which are seen in Moscow, swell a kind of buffoonery and theatricality.
Spivvidnosnі also follows the principle of similarity to two parallel hours. Moscow's podia and Yershalaїmi have similar functions: stench is ushering in a new cultural era. Diya tsikh fabul vіdpovidaє 29 and 1929 p. And it starts all at once: at the spekotny days of the spring povnya, at the religiously holy Great Day, at the same time Moscow’s troubles and without killing the innocent Jesus in Yershalaim.
The Moscow fabula has three additions, and the Yorshalaimskaya adds. Three єrshalaїmskі heads pov'yazanі z trioma podіyami in Moscow. At the end, the insults of the chronotopes are angry, the expanse of the hour ceases to fall, and the day continues in eternity.
In the finale, there are also three plot lines: philosophical (Pontius Pilat and Joshua), love (Meister and Margarita), satirical (Woland near Moscow).
Heroes of the novel
Woland - Bulgakov's Satan - not similar to the Evangelical Satan, which is absolutely evil. The name of the hero, and inspire him for two hundred days, is based on Goethe's Faust. About this epigraph to the novel, which characterizes Woland as strength, as if you want evil and do good. With this phrase, Goethe exalted the cunning of Mephistopheles, and Bulgakov to rob his hero as the protegeness of God, which is necessary for the zeal of light. Bulgakov, through the mouth of Woland, explains his thought with the help of a bright image of the earth, as you can see without shadows. The basis of Woland's rice is not evil, but justice. To the very same, Woland's sovereign share of Maistra and Margaret and she ensures peace of mind. Ale Woland has no mercy or indulgence. Vіn a mustache to judge from a look of eternity. You don’t punish wine and don’t forgive, but insinuate yourself among people and look at them, embarrassingly revealing the right essence. Woland is given an hour and space, you can change them to the ruling court.
The retinue of Woland led the reader to mythological characters: the angel of death (Azazello), other demons (Cows and Behemoth). At the final (magnificent) night, all the rahunki are born, and the demons are also reborn, embracing theatrically, superficially, exclaiming the right disguise.
Meister - head hero novel. Vin, similar to the ancient Greek cultural hero, he bears the singing truth. We stand "on the cob of the hour", on the right - a novel about Pontius Pilate - marks the beginning of a new cultural era.
In the novel, the work of writers is contrasted with the work of Maistra. Writers no longer inherit life, creating a myth, Meister create life itself. Dzherelo know about her unbugged. Master of endowments of divine power. As a wearer and creator of truth, he reveals the truth, human, and not the divine essence of Joshua, letting Pontius Pilate at will.
The maister's personality is twofold. The divine truth, which was revealed to you, is in conflict with human weakness, inspires God-wills. If the hero guesses the truth, there is nowhere else for him to fall apart, having lost everything, and he can only go to eternity.
Margarita herself was adorned with an eternal sash, which she wears with the master. Calm - tse i punishment, i merit. Virna zhіnka - ideal female image in the novel and Bulgakov's ideal in life. Margarita is popularized by the image of Margarita "Faust", as she has died in the aftermath of the presentation of Satan. Margarita Bulgakova shows herself strong for Satan and corralizes the situation, like Gogol's Vakula, she herself becomes pure.
Ivan Bezdomny is reborn and transformed into Ivan Mikolayovich Ponirov. Vіn becomes a historian, who knows the truth from the first instance - like the creator himself, Maistra, who commands you to write a continuation about Pontius Pilate. Ivan Bezdomniy is Bulgakov's goal for an objective contribution to history, there is no such thing.
Meister and Margarita is Bulgakov's legendary twirl, a novel that is a ticket to immortality. Vіn obmіrkovuvav, planning and writing a novel 12 years, and vіn having recognized rich changes, yakі at once and show smoothly, even if the book has nabula hostile compositional unity. Unfortunately, Mikhailo Panasovich did not finish his whole life on the right, no residual edits were made. He himself rated his offspring as a smut sent to the people, as he would command the naschakami. What does Bulgakov want to say?
The novel brings us the light of Moscow in the 30s. Meister at once with his kohanoy Margaret write a brilliant novel about Pontius Pilate. Yogo is not allowed to be published, and the author himself is heaping an unbelievable mountain of criticism. At the attack, the hero burns his novel and consumes it to a psychiatric clinic, leaving Margarita alone. At the same time, Woland, the devil, arrives to Moscow with his retinue. The stench makes a mess at the city, such as sessions of black magic, a vistava at Var'eti and Griboyedov's toshcho. bud. The heroine at the same time was wondering how to turn her Maistre; I go for the sake of satan, become a witch and at the ball of the dead. Woland was filled with love and confession to Margarita and turned her back. Likewise, a novel about Pontius Pilate is coming up. And the couple, who have risen, are far away from the world of peace and tranquility.
The texts were divided from the very novel of Maystra, which is about stories in the world of Yershalaim. Tse rozpovid about the wandering philosopher Ha-Notsri, finishes Yeshua at Pilat, the punishment of the rest is coming. The inserted chapters may be of no mean significance for the novel, which is the key to the development of the author's idea. All parts are one whole, tightly intertwined with each other.
Topics and problems
Bulgakov on the side of creativity, having seen his thoughts about creativity. You know, that the artist is not free, you can’t create more for the needs of your soul. Suspіlstvo skovuє yogo, ascribe to yom sings of framework. Literature in the 1930s was subject to the most powerful censorship, books were often written on the authority of the government, which we like in MASSOLIT. The Meister did not dare to allow me to publish his novel about Pontius Pilate and about his experience in the midst of the literary society of that hour, as if it were hellish hell. The hero, such an insane talent, could not understand his members, corrupt and tarnished with rubbish material turbots, so the stench of his body could not understand him. To this, Meister and leaning behind the boundaries of that bohemian stake with the practice of his entire life unbroken before publication.
Another aspect of the problem of creativity in the novel is the author's commitment to his work, his share. Meister, disappointed and somewhat indignant, burns the manuscript. The writer, in Bulgakov's thought, is guilty of seeking the truth from looking at his creativity, he can bear the burden of suspense and that child for the good. Hero, navpaki, vchiniv cowardly.
The problem of choice is raised by chapters dedicated to Pilate and Yeshua. Pontij Pilat, rozumіyuchi innocence and tsіnіst such a person like Ієshua, leading him to the stratum. Boyaguzty is the worst vada. The procurator was afraid of the warning, afraid of punishment. Whose fear is absolutely drowning out the new one and sympathy to the preacher, and the voice of reason, what to talk about the uniqueness and purity of the people of Yeshua, and conscience. The rest tormented Yogo all his life, and so did death itself. Just like the novel, Pilate was allowed to talk to Him and speak.
Composition
Bulgakov in the novel zastosuvav such a compositional device like a novel in the novel. The "Moscow" heads will unite with the "Pilatovskys", that is, with the creation of the Maystra himself. The author draws a parallel between them, showing that it is not an hour to change a person, but rather to change a person herself. Postiyna work on oneself - tse titanic work, with which Pilate did not fit, for which there were reprimands for eternal spiritual suffering. The motives of both novels are the search for freedom, truth, the struggle of good and evil in the soul. The skin can work for a pardon, but the person is forever guilty of dragging himself to the light; if only you could learn yoga in a right way.
Head Heroes: Characteristics
- Yeshua Ha-Notsri (Jesus Christ) is a wandering philosopher, who thinks that all people themselves are good in their own right and that the hour will come if the truth will be the main human value, and the institutions of power will cease to be needed. Vіn preached, to that he called in a swing at the power of Caesar and buv strations. Before death, the hero forgives his katіv; a guinea, without hurting their perekonan, a guinea for people, redeeming their sins, for which the blessings of the Light. Yeshua stand before us real people from the flesh and blood, for the sake of familiarity, and the fear of that bіl; wine is not a halo of mysticism.
- Pontius Pilate is the procurator of Judea, a truly historical specialty. The Bible has wine judging Christ. On yoga practice, the author explores the topic of choice and viability for his own ideas. Finishing the scolding, the hero of reason, which is innocent, inspire someone with special sympathy. Vіn proponuє to the preacher zbrehat, schob vryatuvati life, but Yeshua is not weak and does not choose to act in his own words. Protecting an accused official is fearful; vin afraid to spend power. Tse do not let you inculcate generously, so, as you tell your heart. The procurator condemns Yeshua to death, and to himself to mental torment, which, obviously, is richer in what is worse for physical torment. Meister, like a novel, forges his hero, and at that time, from a wandering philosopher, he rises from the exchange of light.
- Meister is a creator who wrote a novel about Pontius Pilate and Joshua. The image of an ideal writer, who is alive to his creativity, does not joke about glory, no city, no pennies, has instilled in these heroes. Winning a great sum in the lottery and having dedicate yourself to creativity - this is how I was born yogi unity, but, crazy, brilliant tvir. At this hour, the heart of love is Margaret, for she has become his support and support. Without looking at criticism from the side of the great literary Moscow society, Meister burned the manuscript, which was forcibly placed in a psychiatric clinic. For a year of marriage, call Margarita with the help of Woland, who has already made a novel. After death, the hero deserves to be at peace. Itself is calm, and not light, like Yeshua, to that the writer is happy to reconcile and see his work.
- Margarita is in love with the creator, ready to do anything for the sake of the new, to see the ball of Satan. Until the age of the head hero, she was friends with a well-to-do people, because, vtim, she did not like. She got her own happiness only with Maistrom, whom she herself called, after reading the first one, she shared her future novel. Vaughn has become yoga's muse, which you dare to create. The theme of fidelity and vіddanosti is connected with the heroine. The woman is true to her Maistrov, and to her work: she is cruelly dealing with the critic Latunsky, who, having slandered them, turns the author himself from a psychiatric clinic and yoga, it would have been, irrevocably vtracheny novel about Pilate. For her love and willingness to follow her model to the end, Margarita was rewarded with Woland. Satan gave me a calm day with Maystrom, those that the heroine wanted the most.
The image of Woland
Bagato why is the hero similar to Mephistopheles Goethe. The very yoga im'ya was taken from yoga, scenes of Walpurgis night, de vin once the names of such im'yam. The image of Woland in the novel “Maister and Margarita” is even more ambiguous: vin is the instillation of evil, and at once the defender of justice and the preacher of right moral values. On the abrasion of zhorstokostі, greediness and depravity of the great Muscovites, the hero looks like a more positive character. Vіn, bachachi this historical paradox (youmu є, z chim pіvnyati), rob visnovok, that people are like people, zvichaynіsіnkі, kolishnі, only apartment food їх zіpsuvalo.
The devil's punishment nazdoganyaє only quietly, who has merited. In such a manner, this payment is already vibirkov and is prompted by the principle of justice. Khabarniki, nevmіlі scribblers, who only talk about their material wealth, practitioners of communal eating, who steal and sell scribbled products, baiduzhi relatives, who fight for the decline after the death of a near person, - the axis of you, whom Woland punishes. Don't blame me for sin, it's less vikrivaє vadi suspіlstva. So the author, victorious satirical and phantasmagoric priyomi, sets out the orders and sounds of Muscovites of the 30s.
Meister is a truly talented writer, who was not given the opportunity to be realized, the novel was simply “strangled” by Masolitic officials. Vіn buv is similar to his colleagues, like a writer's consecration; alive with his creativity, giving it all to himself, but also worrying about the share of his creation. Meister saved a pure heart and soul, for which Woland was rewarded. The writing of the manuscript of letters of inspiration and turning to its author. For her bezmezhne kokhannya, Margarita was forgiven for her weaknesses by the devil, who is Satan to give the right to ask the new vikonan for one її bazhann.
Bulgakov hung his position before Woland in the epigraph: “I am a part of that force that you want evil and always do good” (“Faust” by Goethe). Definitely, with the help of unimaginable possibilities, the hero punishes human vices, but you can also lead the way on the path of truth. Vіn is a mirror, in which skin you can reproach your sins and change. The diabolical yoga of rice itself is all irony, for which guilt is placed before everything earthly. On yoga, we change our minds, so that you can save your order from self-control and not be afraid of God only for the help of humor. It is impossible to take life over something close to the heart, even if those who are given to us as an indestructible stronghold, it is so easy to rise up for the least criticism. Woland is up to the mark, he sees every kind of people.
good and evil
Good and evil are inseparable; if people are accustomed to do good, then evil is blamed on this place. Vono - the presence of light, darkness, that youma should come to change. Bulgakov's novel has two opposing forces in the images of Woland and Yeshua. The author, in order to show that the participation of these abstract categories in life is always relevant and takes an important position, that he is placing the era as far away from us as possible, on the side of Maistra’s novel, and Woland is a modernity. Iєshua preach, tell people about their ideas, that enlightened world, its creation. I will be judged by the procurator of the youth for the sake of judging the whistleblower's thoughts. Yogo death is not the triumph of evil over good, but, shvidshe, the blessing of good, even Pilat is not able to do it right, but to mean, he opens the door to evil. Ha-Notsri in the world is unshakable and cannot be overcome, his soul takes light in him, which is opposed to the darkness of the fearful veil of Pontius Pilate.
The devil, crying out to do evil, arrives to Moscow and succumbs that the hearts of people are dark and dark without anything. Youmu is left with less slander and ridicule from them; through his dark existence, Woland cannot judge otherwise. Ale, do not blame people to sin, do not blame the evil in them, overcome the good. According to Bulgakov, guilt is absolute darkness, guilt is to work for acts of justice, which is even better to put on a filthy veneer. For whom the Poles have one of the main ideas of Bulgakov, instilled in "Master and Margaret" - nothing, but the people themselves, you can’t think of doing it like that, choose good or evil to lie on him.
So you can talk about the visibility of good and evil. And good people shy away incorrectly, cowardly, hisstically. So Meister gives up and burns his novel, and Margarita zhorstoko revenge the criticism of Latunsky. However, kindness is not in the form of pardons, but in the constant craving for light and correction. To that I’ll zakohan a couple of checks for forgiveness and calm.
Sense novel
Іsnuє a rich interpretation of the meanings of his creation. Without a doubt, you can't say for sure. At the center of the novel is the peaceful struggle of good against evil. In the author's mind, two warehouses are on equal rights both in nature and in human hearts. This is explained by the appearance of Woland, as if he was the cause of evil for the appointments, and Yeshua, who had vindicated the natural human kindness. Light and dark are closely intertwined, constantly intertwined one with one, and it is already impossible to draw a line between. Woland punishes people for the laws of justice, and Yeshua forgives them supererech. So jealous.
The fight is fought as if without a trace for the souls of people. The need for a person is drawn to the light to pass with a red thread through all the roses. Spravzhnyu freedom can be otrimati less than zavdyaki tsoma. It is even more important to understand that the heroes, scooted with worldly drib'yazkovy predilections, the author is forever punished, or like Pilate - with the eternal torments of conscience, or like Moscow residents - through the devil's windings. Bring the others; Margaret and Maistra give peace; Ієshua meritorious in the Light for his vіddanіst i vіrnіst reconnaissance and words.
So is the novel about the kohannya. Margarita is an ideal woman, like a builder of love to the end, unaffected by all the transitions and difficulties. Meister ta yoga kohana - selective images in his own right man and in his true honor a woman.
The theme of creativity
Meister lives near the capital of the 30s. At the same time, socialism will be established, new orders will be established, moral standards will sharply change. There is also new literature emerging here, which we know on the side of the novel through Berlioz, Ivan Bezdomny, members of the Massolite. The path of the protagonist is folded and thorny, like Bulgakov himself, however, he saves a purer heart, kindness, honesty, goodness, love and write a novel about Pontius Pilate, which will avenge all those important problems, it is the fault of the skin of the people of the next generation . . Yoga is based on the moral law that is found in the middle of the skin individual; and only wines, and not the fear of God's payment, the building signifies the guilt of people. spiritual world Maistri is thin and beautiful, even a good artist.
However, the right creativity is persecuted and often becomes recognized only after the death of the author. The reprisals that an independent artist in the Soviet Socialist Republic opposes their zhorstokistyu: from ideological skulking to the actual recognition of a divine person. So the roti of Bulgakov's friends began to chirp, and it was not easy for you. Freedom of speech turned into prison sentences, otherwise they are called a stratum, like in Yudeya. Tsya parallel іz Old-time svіtom pіdkreslyuє vіdstalіst and primordial savagery "new" society. The well-forgotten old became the basis of the policy of good art.
Two saints of Bulgakov
Saints Ієshua and Maistra pov'yazanі vzhe, nizh zdaєta zdaetsya b. In both layers of opposition, there are the same problems: freedom and viability, conscience and fidelity to one’s perversions, understanding good and evil. It is not for nothing that there are so many heroes of twins, parallels and antitheses here.
"Maister and Margarita" destroys the unfathomable canon of the novel. Tse rozpovid not about the share of a few particularities, but of their groups, there is about all the people, its share. Therefore, the author will go two as far as possible in the distance to see a friend of the era. People in the hour of Joshua and Pilate are not very excited about the people of Moscow, the fellows of Maistre. There are also special problems, power and pennies. Meister at Moscow, Joshua in Judea. Offended to carry the truth in the mass, for which they both suffer; the first one to his wife by critics, crushed by suspіlstvo and sayings to end life in a psychiatric clinic, the other one knows a terrible punishment - an ostentatious strategy.
Chapters consecrated to the Pilat, sharply in the eyes of the heads of Moscow. The style of the interstitial text is reminiscent of equal, monotonous, and it is less at the head of the stratum that it transforms into a tragic tragedy. A description of Moscow's completely grotesque, phantasmagoric scenes, satire and slander from її meshkantsіv, lyrical moments, devotions to Maistru and Margarita, which, obviously, confuse and manifest different styles of opera. Vocabulary is also revisited: it can be low and primitive, filled with likes and jargon, or it can be elevated and poetic, filled with barvy metaphors.
If insults are justified, and one kind of one is signifi- cantly recognized, when reading the novel, it seems to lose its integrity, so the mitzna thread, which will appear in the past three days, with Bulgakov.
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